Colonoscopy is a widely used method for diagnosing and treating colonic disease. The number of colonoscopies is increasing worldwide, and concerns about associated adverse events are growing. Large-scale studies using...Colonoscopy is a widely used method for diagnosing and treating colonic disease. The number of colonoscopies is increasing worldwide, and concerns about associated adverse events are growing. Large-scale studies using big data for post-colonoscopy complications have been reported. A colon perforation is a severe complication with a relatively high mortality rate. The perforation rate, as reported in large studies(≥ 50,000 colonoscopies) published since 2000, ranges from 0.005-0.085%. The trend in the overall perforation rate in the past 15 years has not changed significantly. Bleeding is a more common adverse event than perforation. Recent large studies(≥ 50,000 colonoscopies) have reported postcolonoscopy bleeding occurring in 0.001-0.687% of cases. Most studies about adverse events related to colonoscopy were performed in the West, and relatively few studies have been conducted in the East. The incidence of post-colonoscopy complications increases in elderly patients or patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. It is important to use a unified definition and refined data to overcome the limitations of previous studies. In addition, a structured training program for endoscopists and a systematic national management program are needed to reduce post-colonoscopy complications. In this review, we discuss the current trends in colonoscopy related to adverse events, as well as the challenges to be addressed through future research.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the clinical characteristics of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(NGIH)in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).METHODS:From 2003 to 2010,a total of 72 CKD patients(male n=52,72.2%;fema...AIM:To evaluate the clinical characteristics of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(NGIH)in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).METHODS:From 2003 to 2010,a total of 72 CKD patients(male n=52,72.2%;female n=20,27.8%)who had undergone endoscopic treatments for NGIH were retrospectively identified.Clinical findings,endoscopic features,prognosis,rebleeding risk factors,and mortality-related factors were evaluated.The characteristics of the patients and rebleeding-related data were recorded for the following variables:gender,age,alcohol use and smoking history,past hemorrhage history,endoscopic findings(the cause,location,and size of the hemorrhage and the hemorrhagic state),therapeutic options for endoscopy,endoscopist experience,clinical outcomes,and mortality.RESULTS:The average size of the hemorrhagic site was 13.7±10.2 mm,and the most common hemorrhagic site in the stomach was the antrum(n=21,43.8%).The most frequent method of hemostasis was combination therapy(n=32,44.4%).The incidence of rebleeding was 37.5%(n=27),and 16.7%(n=12)of patients expired due to hemorrhage.In a multivariate analysis of the risk factors for rebleeding,alcoholism(OR=11.19,P=0.02),the experience of endoscopists(OR=0.56,P=0.03),and combination endoscopic therapy(OR=0.06,P=0.01)compared with monotherapy were significantly related to rebleeding after endoscopic therapy.In a risk analysis of mortality after endoscopic therapy,only rebleeding was related to mortality(OR=7.1,P=0.02).CONCLUSION:Intensive combined endoscopic treatments by experienced endoscopists are necessary for the treatment of NGIH in patients with CKD,especially when a patient is an alcoholic.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the electrolyte changes between 2-L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid 20 g(PEGAsc) and 4-L PEG solutions.METHODS:From August 2012 to February 2013,a total of 226 patients were enrolled at four ...AIM:To investigate the electrolyte changes between 2-L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid 20 g(PEGAsc) and 4-L PEG solutions.METHODS:From August 2012 to February 2013,a total of 226 patients were enrolled at four tertiary hospitals.All patients were randomly allocated to a PEG-Asc group or a 4-L PEG.Before colonoscopy,patients completed a questionnaire to assess bowel preparation-related symptoms,satisfaction,and willingness.Endoscopists assessed the bowel preparation using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale(BBPS).In addition,blood tests,including serum electrolytes,serum osmolarity,and urine osmolarity were evaluated both before and after the procedure.RESULTS:A total of 226 patients were analyzed.BBPS scores were similar and the adequate bowel preparation rate(BBPS≥6)was not different between the two groups(PEG-Asc vs 4-L PEG,73.2%vs 76.3%,P=0.760).Bowel preparation-related symptoms also were not different between the two groups.The taste of PEG-Asc was better(41.1%vs 16.7%,P<0.001),and the willingness to undergo repeated bowel preparation was higher in the PEG-Asc group(73.2%vs 59.3%,P=0.027)than in 4-L PEG.There were no significant changes in serum electrolytes in either group.CONCLUSION:In this multicenter trial,bowel preparation with PEG-Asc was better than 4-L PEG in terms of patient satisfaction,with similar degrees of bowel preparation and electrolyte changes.展开更多
Conductive inks based on graphene materials have received significant attention for the fabrication of a wide range of printed and flexible devices.However,the application of graphene fillers is limited by their restr...Conductive inks based on graphene materials have received significant attention for the fabrication of a wide range of printed and flexible devices.However,the application of graphene fillers is limited by their restricted mass production and the low concentration of their suspensions.In this study,a highly concentrated and conductive ink based on defect-free graphene was developed by a scalable fluid dynamics process.A high shear exfoliation and mixing process enabled the production of graphene at a high concentration of 47.5 mg mL^(−1)for graphene ink.The screen-printed graphene conductor exhibits a high electrical conductivity of 1.49×10^(4)S m^(−1)and maintains high conductivity under mechanical bending,compressing,and fatigue tests.Based on the as-prepared graphene ink,a printed electrochemical sodium ion(Na^(+))sensor that shows high potentiometric sensing performance was fabricated.Further,by integrating a wireless electronic module,a prototype Na^(+)-sensing watch is demonstrated for the real-time monitoring of the sodium ion concentration in human sweat during the indoor exercise of a volunteer.The scalable and efficient procedure for the preparation of graphene ink presented in this work is very promising for the low-cost,reproducible,and large-scale printing of flexible and wearable electronic devices.展开更多
基金Supported by the National R&D Program for Cancer Control,No.HA17C0046the Korean National Health Clinical Research(NHCR)Project,No.HC16C2320
文摘Colonoscopy is a widely used method for diagnosing and treating colonic disease. The number of colonoscopies is increasing worldwide, and concerns about associated adverse events are growing. Large-scale studies using big data for post-colonoscopy complications have been reported. A colon perforation is a severe complication with a relatively high mortality rate. The perforation rate, as reported in large studies(≥ 50,000 colonoscopies) published since 2000, ranges from 0.005-0.085%. The trend in the overall perforation rate in the past 15 years has not changed significantly. Bleeding is a more common adverse event than perforation. Recent large studies(≥ 50,000 colonoscopies) have reported postcolonoscopy bleeding occurring in 0.001-0.687% of cases. Most studies about adverse events related to colonoscopy were performed in the West, and relatively few studies have been conducted in the East. The incidence of post-colonoscopy complications increases in elderly patients or patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. It is important to use a unified definition and refined data to overcome the limitations of previous studies. In addition, a structured training program for endoscopists and a systematic national management program are needed to reduce post-colonoscopy complications. In this review, we discuss the current trends in colonoscopy related to adverse events, as well as the challenges to be addressed through future research.
基金Supported by The Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(NRF-2010-0021482)to Suk KT
文摘AIM:To evaluate the clinical characteristics of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(NGIH)in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).METHODS:From 2003 to 2010,a total of 72 CKD patients(male n=52,72.2%;female n=20,27.8%)who had undergone endoscopic treatments for NGIH were retrospectively identified.Clinical findings,endoscopic features,prognosis,rebleeding risk factors,and mortality-related factors were evaluated.The characteristics of the patients and rebleeding-related data were recorded for the following variables:gender,age,alcohol use and smoking history,past hemorrhage history,endoscopic findings(the cause,location,and size of the hemorrhage and the hemorrhagic state),therapeutic options for endoscopy,endoscopist experience,clinical outcomes,and mortality.RESULTS:The average size of the hemorrhagic site was 13.7±10.2 mm,and the most common hemorrhagic site in the stomach was the antrum(n=21,43.8%).The most frequent method of hemostasis was combination therapy(n=32,44.4%).The incidence of rebleeding was 37.5%(n=27),and 16.7%(n=12)of patients expired due to hemorrhage.In a multivariate analysis of the risk factors for rebleeding,alcoholism(OR=11.19,P=0.02),the experience of endoscopists(OR=0.56,P=0.03),and combination endoscopic therapy(OR=0.06,P=0.01)compared with monotherapy were significantly related to rebleeding after endoscopic therapy.In a risk analysis of mortality after endoscopic therapy,only rebleeding was related to mortality(OR=7.1,P=0.02).CONCLUSION:Intensive combined endoscopic treatments by experienced endoscopists are necessary for the treatment of NGIH in patients with CKD,especially when a patient is an alcoholic.
基金Supported by National R and D Program for Cancer Control,Ministry of Health and Welfare,South Korea,No.1220230Taejun Pharmaceutical Company,South Korea
文摘AIM:To investigate the electrolyte changes between 2-L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid 20 g(PEGAsc) and 4-L PEG solutions.METHODS:From August 2012 to February 2013,a total of 226 patients were enrolled at four tertiary hospitals.All patients were randomly allocated to a PEG-Asc group or a 4-L PEG.Before colonoscopy,patients completed a questionnaire to assess bowel preparation-related symptoms,satisfaction,and willingness.Endoscopists assessed the bowel preparation using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale(BBPS).In addition,blood tests,including serum electrolytes,serum osmolarity,and urine osmolarity were evaluated both before and after the procedure.RESULTS:A total of 226 patients were analyzed.BBPS scores were similar and the adequate bowel preparation rate(BBPS≥6)was not different between the two groups(PEG-Asc vs 4-L PEG,73.2%vs 76.3%,P=0.760).Bowel preparation-related symptoms also were not different between the two groups.The taste of PEG-Asc was better(41.1%vs 16.7%,P<0.001),and the willingness to undergo repeated bowel preparation was higher in the PEG-Asc group(73.2%vs 59.3%,P=0.027)than in 4-L PEG.There were no significant changes in serum electrolytes in either group.CONCLUSION:In this multicenter trial,bowel preparation with PEG-Asc was better than 4-L PEG in terms of patient satisfaction,with similar degrees of bowel preparation and electrolyte changes.
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.2021R1A2C1009926)“Basic project(referring to projects performed with the budget directly contributed by the Government to achieve the purposes of establishment of Government-funded research Institutes)”+3 种基金supported by the KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE of CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY(KRICT)(SS2042-10)Basic research project(Project:21-3212-1)of the Korea institute of GeoscienceMineral resources funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of Koreaby Nanomedical Devices Development Project of NNFC in 2021.
文摘Conductive inks based on graphene materials have received significant attention for the fabrication of a wide range of printed and flexible devices.However,the application of graphene fillers is limited by their restricted mass production and the low concentration of their suspensions.In this study,a highly concentrated and conductive ink based on defect-free graphene was developed by a scalable fluid dynamics process.A high shear exfoliation and mixing process enabled the production of graphene at a high concentration of 47.5 mg mL^(−1)for graphene ink.The screen-printed graphene conductor exhibits a high electrical conductivity of 1.49×10^(4)S m^(−1)and maintains high conductivity under mechanical bending,compressing,and fatigue tests.Based on the as-prepared graphene ink,a printed electrochemical sodium ion(Na^(+))sensor that shows high potentiometric sensing performance was fabricated.Further,by integrating a wireless electronic module,a prototype Na^(+)-sensing watch is demonstrated for the real-time monitoring of the sodium ion concentration in human sweat during the indoor exercise of a volunteer.The scalable and efficient procedure for the preparation of graphene ink presented in this work is very promising for the low-cost,reproducible,and large-scale printing of flexible and wearable electronic devices.
