<strong>Background:</strong> Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for premature infants and a “good medicine” for disease treatment. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of premature infan...<strong>Background:</strong> Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for premature infants and a “good medicine” for disease treatment. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of premature infants in China still needs to be improved at present, and the factors affecting breastfeeding are different in different places. <strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate the current status and influencing factors of preterm infants breastfeeding in Jingzhou 3A hospitals. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect breastfeeding information of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May to August in 2019 in Jingzhou 3A Hospital, and 152 premature infants’ related information were collected. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the mothers who failed to breastfeed. <strong>Results: </strong>The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among premature infants in NICU was 9.87%. The rates of first breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge were 13.16% and 32.89% respectively. Not producing enough milk and knowing the right way to pump breast milk contributed a lot to the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>More attention should be paid to the health education and management to improve the rate of breastfeeding in NICU.展开更多
The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis),a member of the mammalian order Scandentia,exhibits considerable similarities with primates,including humans,in aspects of its nervous,immune,and metabolic systems.Th...The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis),a member of the mammalian order Scandentia,exhibits considerable similarities with primates,including humans,in aspects of its nervous,immune,and metabolic systems.These similarities have established the tree shrew as a promising experimental model for biomedical research on cancer,infectious diseases,metabolic disorders,and mental health conditions.Herein,we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to analyze plasma,as well as oral and anal swab samples,from 105 healthy asymptomatic tree shrews to identify the presence of potential zoonotic viruses.In total,eight mammalian viruses with complete genomes were identified,belonging to six viral families,including Flaviviridae,Hepeviridae,Parvovirinae,Picornaviridae,Sedoreoviridae,and Spinareoviridae.Notably,the presence of rotavirus was recorded in tree shrews for the first time.Three viruses-hepacivirus 1,parvovirus,and picornavirus-exhibited low genetic similarity(<70%)with previously reported viruses at the whole-genome scale,indicating novelty.Conversely,three other viruses-hepacivirus 2,hepatovirus A and hepevirus-exhibited high similarity(>94%)to known viral strains.Phylogenetic analyses also revealed that the rotavirus and mammalian orthoreovirus identified in this study may be novel reassortants.These findings provide insights into the diverse viral spectrum present in captive Chinese tree shrews,highlighting the necessity for further research into their potential for crossspecies transmission.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease(DKD),characterized by increased urinary microalbumin levels and decreased renal function,is the primary cause of end-stage renal di-sease.Its pathological mechanisms are complicated ...BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease(DKD),characterized by increased urinary microalbumin levels and decreased renal function,is the primary cause of end-stage renal di-sease.Its pathological mechanisms are complicated and multifactorial;Therefore,sensitive and specific biomarkers are needed.Urinary exosome originate from diverse renal cells in nephron segments and partially mirror the pathological changes in the kidney.The microRNAs(miRNAs)in urinary exosome are remark-ably stable and highly tissue-specific for the kidney.METHODS Type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)patients were recruited from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and were divided into two groups:DM,diabetic pa-tients without albuminuria[urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(UACR)<30 mg/g]and DKD,diabetic patients with albuminuria(UACR≥30 mg/g).Healthy subjects were the normal control(NC)group.Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p,miR-27a-3p,and miR-29c-3p,were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The correlation between exosomal miRNAs and the clinical in-dexes was evaluated.The diagnostic values of exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p in DKD were determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis.Biological functions of miR-145-5p were investigated by performing RESULTS Urinary exosomal expression of miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p was more upregulated in the DKD group than in the DM group(miR-145-5p:4.54±1.45 vs 1.95±0.93,P<0.001;miR-27a-3p:2.33±0.79 vs 1.71±0.76,P<0.05)and the NC group(miR-145-5p:4.54±1.45 vs 1.55±0.83,P<0.001;miR-27a-3p:2.33±0.79 vs 1.10±0.51,P<0.001).The exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p positively correlated with albuminuria and serum creatinine and negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate.miR-27a-3p was also closely related to blood glucose,gly-cosylated hemoglobin A1c,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.ROC analysis revealed that miR-145-5p had a better area under the curve of 0.88[95%confidence interval(CI):0.784-0.985,P<0.0001]in diagnosing DKD than miR-27a-3p with 0.71(95%CI:0.547-0.871,P=0.0239).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the target genes of miR-145-5p were located in the actin filament,cytoskeleton,and extracellular exosome and were involved in the pathological processes of DKD,including apoptosis,inflammation,and fibrosis.CONCLUSION Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p may serve as novel noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers or promising therapeutic targets for DKD.展开更多
Objective: “Basic Nursing Skills Practice” is a key course connecting classroom and clinical teaching in nursing specialty teaching. Nursing practice ability is one of the core abilities of nurse practitioners. Ther...Objective: “Basic Nursing Skills Practice” is a key course connecting classroom and clinical teaching in nursing specialty teaching. Nursing practice ability is one of the core abilities of nurse practitioners. Therefore, the teaching quality of this course is directly related to the quality of nursing work. To improve the teaching quality of practical course, the assessment reform of the “Basic Nursing Skills Practice” course was carried out among the nursing undergraduates to explore a reasonable and fair assessment mechanism. Method: In the assessment of “Basic Nursing Skills Practice” course, the assessment included individual skill operation assessment, virtual simulation assessment and team comprehensive skill assessment. The assessment proportion was adjusted from 100% for the final examination to 50% for the middle and final examinations respectively. The assessment method was changed from individual skills assessment at the end of the term to a combination of individual skills assessment at the midterm and virtual simulation assessment and team skills assessment at the end of the term. The method has changed from summative evaluation to a combination of formative evaluation and summative evaluation, and self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the effect. Results: After implementing the assessment reform, 86.84% of the students were satisfied with the assessment reform, and the percentage of students with scores above 80 reached 100%. The highest score is 93.0, while the lowest score is 83.0, and the average score was 88.0. Conclusions: High satisfaction of students with basic nursing skills examination reform promoted the learning effectiveness and professional emotions, cultivated comprehensive quality and ability, promoted the realization of talent training objectives.展开更多
Objective: To explore the application effect of case combined with seminar teaching method in Pediatric Nursing. Methods: Two classes in junior year were selected by convenience sampling in 2022, and the two classes w...Objective: To explore the application effect of case combined with seminar teaching method in Pediatric Nursing. Methods: Two classes in junior year were selected by convenience sampling in 2022, and the two classes were randomly divided into the intervention group and control group by tossing a coin. The intervention group utilized the case combined with seminar teaching method, while the control group used the traditional teaching-based method. The stage test average score, final exam results were compared after the end of the course. The autonomous learning ability evaluation scale and the Chinese critical thinking ability scale were used to attain students’ autonomous learning ability and critical thinking ability before and after the course. The self-made evaluation scale was used to know students’ evaluation of the new teaching method after the course. Results: 1) The stage test average scores of the intervention group and the control group were 79.13 ± 6.39 and 74.67 ± 5.25 respectively (P , the final exam scores were 79.83 ± 6.09 and 75.21 ± 4.91 respectively (P < 0.05);2) The total scores of autonomous learning ability were 118.67 ± 7.70 and 106.49 ± 7.67 respectively (P , and the total scores of critical thinking ability were 283.45 ± 7.82 and 251.37 ± 8.93 respectively (P < 0.05);3) More than 80% of the students in the intervention group believed that the case combined with seminar teaching method could deepen the understanding of knowledge, promote the habit of thinking and literature consulting, and improve the ability to analyze and solve problems, integrate knowledge and communicate and coordinate. Conclusions: Application of case combined with seminar teaching method in Pediatric Nursing improved the students’ autonomous learning ability and critical thinking ability, and strengthened the students’ understanding and application of knowledge. The students had a positive attitude towards the new teaching method.展开更多
BACKGROUND People with diabetes mellitus(DM)suffer from multiple chronic complications due to sustained hyperglycemia,especially diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM).Oxidative stress and inflammatory cells play crucial roles ...BACKGROUND People with diabetes mellitus(DM)suffer from multiple chronic complications due to sustained hyperglycemia,especially diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM).Oxidative stress and inflammatory cells play crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of myocardial remodeling.Macrophages polarize to two distinct phenotypes:M1 and M2,and such plasticity in phenotypes provide macrophages various biological functions.AIM To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on cardiac function of DCM in db/db mice and its underlying mechanisms.METHODS DCM mouse models were established and randomly divided into DM,atorvastatin,and metformin groups.C57BL/6 mice were used as the control.Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography.Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining was used to examine the morphology and collagen fibers in myocardial tissues.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),M1 macrophages(iNOS^(+)),and M2 macrophages(CD206^(+))were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining.The levels of TGF-β1,IL-1β,and TNF-αwere detected by ELISA and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentrations and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities were also measured.RESULTS Treatment with atorvastatin alleviated cardiac dysfunction and decreased db/db mice. The broken myocardialfibers and deposition of collagen in the myocardial interstitium were relieved especially by atorvastatin treatment.Atorvastatin also reduced the levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, and troponin;lowered the levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and myocardium;decreased the concentration of MDAand increased SOD activity in myocardium of db/db mice;inhibited M1 macrophages;and promoted M2macrophages.CONCLUSION Administration of atorvastatin attenuates myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice, which may be associated with theantioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin on diabetic myocardium through modulatingmacrophage polarization.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)increases the risk of hospitalization for heart failure(HF)and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus.However,no specific therapy to delay the progression of DCM has been i...BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)increases the risk of hospitalization for heart failure(HF)and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus.However,no specific therapy to delay the progression of DCM has been identified.Mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,inflammation,and calcium handling imbalance play a crucial role in the pathological processes of DCM,ultimately leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunctions.Empagliflozin,a novel glucoselowering agent,has been confirmed to reduce the risk of hospitalization for HF in diabetic patients.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanisms by which this agent provides cardioprotection remain unclear.AIM To investigate the effects of empagliflozin on high glucose(HG)-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the underlying molecular mechanism.METHODS Twelve-week-old db/db mice and primary cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats stimulated with HG(30 mmol/L)were separately employed as in vivo and in vitro models.Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function.Flow cytometry and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining were used to assess apoptosis in myocardial cells.Mitochondrial function was assessed by cellular ATP levels and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential.Furthermore,intracellular reactive oxygen species production and superoxide dismutase activity were analyzed.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression.Western blot analysis was used to measure the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1(MYPT1),as well as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α(PGC-1α)and active caspase-3 protein levels.RESULTSIn the in vivo experiment, db/db mice developed DCM. However, the treatment of db/db mice with empagliflozin(10 mg/kg/d) for 8 wk substantially enhanced cardiac function and significantly reduced myocardial apoptosis,accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK and PGC-1α protein levels, as well as a decrease inthe phosphorylation of MYPT1 in the heart. In the in vitro experiment, the findings indicate that treatment ofcardiomyocytes with empagliflozin (10 μM) or fasudil (FA) (a ROCK inhibitor, 100 μM) or overexpression of PGC-1α significantly attenuated HG-induced mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.However, the above effects were partly reversed by the addition of compound C (CC). In cells exposed to HG,empagliflozin treatment increased the protein levels of p-AMPK and PGC-1α protein while decreasing phosphorylatedMYPT1 levels, and these changes were mitigated by the addition of CC. Adding FA and overexpressingPGC-1α in cells exposed to HG substantially increased PGC-1α protein levels. In addition, no sodium-glucosecotransporter (SGLT)2 protein expression was detected in cardiomyocytes.CONCLUSION Empagliflozin partially achieves anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects on cardiomyocytes under HGconditions by activating AMPK/PGC-1α and suppressing of the RhoA/ROCK pathway independent of SGLT2.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the effect of physical methods on the prevention of venous thrombosis in patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). <strong>Methods:</stro...<strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the effect of physical methods on the prevention of venous thrombosis in patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). <strong>Methods:</strong> Randomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were retrieved from the following databases: Cochrane library, Pubmed, EMbase, Web of science, Ovid, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, then Review Manage (RevMan) 5.3 software was used for data analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 24 RCTs including 3496 patients were analyzed in the study. The results of meta-analysis showed that various forms of upper limb movements could effectively decrease the incidence of venous thrombosis in the patients with PICC [<em>RR</em> = 0.23, 95% <em>CI</em> (0.16, 0.33), <em>P</em> < 0.01], upper limb movements could effectively improve the mean blood flow velocity of basilic vein [<em>MD</em> = 1.65, 95% <em>CI</em> (1.19, 2.11), <em>P</em> < 0.01]. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Upper limb movements can effectively decrease the incidence of phlebothrombosis and improve the mean flow velocity of basilic vein in the patients undergoing PICC. Other forms of physical prevention methods need to be further studied due to insufficient sample size.展开更多
Objective: To explore graduation practical ability assessment mode of graduate students in nursing (Master of Nursing Specialist, MNS). Methods: All 28 MNS 2020th graduate students in a university were selected as sub...Objective: To explore graduation practical ability assessment mode of graduate students in nursing (Master of Nursing Specialist, MNS). Methods: All 28 MNS 2020th graduate students in a university were selected as subjects by convenient sampling method, using the improved 4-station objective structured examination (Objective Structured Clinical Examination, OSCE) model. The assessment content included nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, basic nursing operation, specialist nursing operation, theoretical written test and oral test and overall evaluation. And self-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the effect of the assessment model and the improvement of clinical practice ability of graduate students. Results: The overall satisfaction rate of graduation assessment was 89.51%, the overall satisfaction rate of graduation assessment mode and practical ability improvement evaluation was 84.66%, the pass rate of assessment results was 100%, and the excellent rate was 71.42%. Conclusion: The MNS graduation practical ability assessment model has a high degree of satisfaction, objectively evaluates the knowledge, skills, attitudes and emotions of graduate students, promotes the comprehensive quality and ability of graduate students, which is worthy of promotion.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for premature infants and a “good medicine” for disease treatment. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of premature infants in China still needs to be improved at present, and the factors affecting breastfeeding are different in different places. <strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate the current status and influencing factors of preterm infants breastfeeding in Jingzhou 3A hospitals. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect breastfeeding information of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May to August in 2019 in Jingzhou 3A Hospital, and 152 premature infants’ related information were collected. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the mothers who failed to breastfeed. <strong>Results: </strong>The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among premature infants in NICU was 9.87%. The rates of first breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge were 13.16% and 32.89% respectively. Not producing enough milk and knowing the right way to pump breast milk contributed a lot to the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>More attention should be paid to the health education and management to improve the rate of breastfeeding in NICU.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFC2300900,2021YFC2301300)Academic Promotion Programme of Shandong First Medical University (2019QL006)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020QH274)Yunnan Key Research and Development Program (202103AQ100001,202102AA310055)Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-SW-L11)。
文摘The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis),a member of the mammalian order Scandentia,exhibits considerable similarities with primates,including humans,in aspects of its nervous,immune,and metabolic systems.These similarities have established the tree shrew as a promising experimental model for biomedical research on cancer,infectious diseases,metabolic disorders,and mental health conditions.Herein,we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to analyze plasma,as well as oral and anal swab samples,from 105 healthy asymptomatic tree shrews to identify the presence of potential zoonotic viruses.In total,eight mammalian viruses with complete genomes were identified,belonging to six viral families,including Flaviviridae,Hepeviridae,Parvovirinae,Picornaviridae,Sedoreoviridae,and Spinareoviridae.Notably,the presence of rotavirus was recorded in tree shrews for the first time.Three viruses-hepacivirus 1,parvovirus,and picornavirus-exhibited low genetic similarity(<70%)with previously reported viruses at the whole-genome scale,indicating novelty.Conversely,three other viruses-hepacivirus 2,hepatovirus A and hepevirus-exhibited high similarity(>94%)to known viral strains.Phylogenetic analyses also revealed that the rotavirus and mammalian orthoreovirus identified in this study may be novel reassortants.These findings provide insights into the diverse viral spectrum present in captive Chinese tree shrews,highlighting the necessity for further research into their potential for crossspecies transmission.
基金Supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.H2023104011.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease(DKD),characterized by increased urinary microalbumin levels and decreased renal function,is the primary cause of end-stage renal di-sease.Its pathological mechanisms are complicated and multifactorial;Therefore,sensitive and specific biomarkers are needed.Urinary exosome originate from diverse renal cells in nephron segments and partially mirror the pathological changes in the kidney.The microRNAs(miRNAs)in urinary exosome are remark-ably stable and highly tissue-specific for the kidney.METHODS Type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)patients were recruited from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and were divided into two groups:DM,diabetic pa-tients without albuminuria[urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(UACR)<30 mg/g]and DKD,diabetic patients with albuminuria(UACR≥30 mg/g).Healthy subjects were the normal control(NC)group.Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p,miR-27a-3p,and miR-29c-3p,were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The correlation between exosomal miRNAs and the clinical in-dexes was evaluated.The diagnostic values of exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p in DKD were determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis.Biological functions of miR-145-5p were investigated by performing RESULTS Urinary exosomal expression of miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p was more upregulated in the DKD group than in the DM group(miR-145-5p:4.54±1.45 vs 1.95±0.93,P<0.001;miR-27a-3p:2.33±0.79 vs 1.71±0.76,P<0.05)and the NC group(miR-145-5p:4.54±1.45 vs 1.55±0.83,P<0.001;miR-27a-3p:2.33±0.79 vs 1.10±0.51,P<0.001).The exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p positively correlated with albuminuria and serum creatinine and negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate.miR-27a-3p was also closely related to blood glucose,gly-cosylated hemoglobin A1c,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.ROC analysis revealed that miR-145-5p had a better area under the curve of 0.88[95%confidence interval(CI):0.784-0.985,P<0.0001]in diagnosing DKD than miR-27a-3p with 0.71(95%CI:0.547-0.871,P=0.0239).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the target genes of miR-145-5p were located in the actin filament,cytoskeleton,and extracellular exosome and were involved in the pathological processes of DKD,including apoptosis,inflammation,and fibrosis.CONCLUSION Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p may serve as novel noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers or promising therapeutic targets for DKD.
文摘Objective: “Basic Nursing Skills Practice” is a key course connecting classroom and clinical teaching in nursing specialty teaching. Nursing practice ability is one of the core abilities of nurse practitioners. Therefore, the teaching quality of this course is directly related to the quality of nursing work. To improve the teaching quality of practical course, the assessment reform of the “Basic Nursing Skills Practice” course was carried out among the nursing undergraduates to explore a reasonable and fair assessment mechanism. Method: In the assessment of “Basic Nursing Skills Practice” course, the assessment included individual skill operation assessment, virtual simulation assessment and team comprehensive skill assessment. The assessment proportion was adjusted from 100% for the final examination to 50% for the middle and final examinations respectively. The assessment method was changed from individual skills assessment at the end of the term to a combination of individual skills assessment at the midterm and virtual simulation assessment and team skills assessment at the end of the term. The method has changed from summative evaluation to a combination of formative evaluation and summative evaluation, and self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the effect. Results: After implementing the assessment reform, 86.84% of the students were satisfied with the assessment reform, and the percentage of students with scores above 80 reached 100%. The highest score is 93.0, while the lowest score is 83.0, and the average score was 88.0. Conclusions: High satisfaction of students with basic nursing skills examination reform promoted the learning effectiveness and professional emotions, cultivated comprehensive quality and ability, promoted the realization of talent training objectives.
文摘Objective: To explore the application effect of case combined with seminar teaching method in Pediatric Nursing. Methods: Two classes in junior year were selected by convenience sampling in 2022, and the two classes were randomly divided into the intervention group and control group by tossing a coin. The intervention group utilized the case combined with seminar teaching method, while the control group used the traditional teaching-based method. The stage test average score, final exam results were compared after the end of the course. The autonomous learning ability evaluation scale and the Chinese critical thinking ability scale were used to attain students’ autonomous learning ability and critical thinking ability before and after the course. The self-made evaluation scale was used to know students’ evaluation of the new teaching method after the course. Results: 1) The stage test average scores of the intervention group and the control group were 79.13 ± 6.39 and 74.67 ± 5.25 respectively (P , the final exam scores were 79.83 ± 6.09 and 75.21 ± 4.91 respectively (P < 0.05);2) The total scores of autonomous learning ability were 118.67 ± 7.70 and 106.49 ± 7.67 respectively (P , and the total scores of critical thinking ability were 283.45 ± 7.82 and 251.37 ± 8.93 respectively (P < 0.05);3) More than 80% of the students in the intervention group believed that the case combined with seminar teaching method could deepen the understanding of knowledge, promote the habit of thinking and literature consulting, and improve the ability to analyze and solve problems, integrate knowledge and communicate and coordinate. Conclusions: Application of case combined with seminar teaching method in Pediatric Nursing improved the students’ autonomous learning ability and critical thinking ability, and strengthened the students’ understanding and application of knowledge. The students had a positive attitude towards the new teaching method.
基金the Health Commission of Hebei Province,No.20220998.
文摘BACKGROUND People with diabetes mellitus(DM)suffer from multiple chronic complications due to sustained hyperglycemia,especially diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM).Oxidative stress and inflammatory cells play crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of myocardial remodeling.Macrophages polarize to two distinct phenotypes:M1 and M2,and such plasticity in phenotypes provide macrophages various biological functions.AIM To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on cardiac function of DCM in db/db mice and its underlying mechanisms.METHODS DCM mouse models were established and randomly divided into DM,atorvastatin,and metformin groups.C57BL/6 mice were used as the control.Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography.Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining was used to examine the morphology and collagen fibers in myocardial tissues.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),M1 macrophages(iNOS^(+)),and M2 macrophages(CD206^(+))were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining.The levels of TGF-β1,IL-1β,and TNF-αwere detected by ELISA and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentrations and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities were also measured.RESULTS Treatment with atorvastatin alleviated cardiac dysfunction and decreased db/db mice. The broken myocardialfibers and deposition of collagen in the myocardial interstitium were relieved especially by atorvastatin treatment.Atorvastatin also reduced the levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, and troponin;lowered the levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and myocardium;decreased the concentration of MDAand increased SOD activity in myocardium of db/db mice;inhibited M1 macrophages;and promoted M2macrophages.CONCLUSION Administration of atorvastatin attenuates myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice, which may be associated with theantioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin on diabetic myocardium through modulatingmacrophage polarization.
基金Health Commission of Hebei Province,No.20210196S&T Program of Hebei,No.22377726D。
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)increases the risk of hospitalization for heart failure(HF)and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus.However,no specific therapy to delay the progression of DCM has been identified.Mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,inflammation,and calcium handling imbalance play a crucial role in the pathological processes of DCM,ultimately leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunctions.Empagliflozin,a novel glucoselowering agent,has been confirmed to reduce the risk of hospitalization for HF in diabetic patients.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanisms by which this agent provides cardioprotection remain unclear.AIM To investigate the effects of empagliflozin on high glucose(HG)-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the underlying molecular mechanism.METHODS Twelve-week-old db/db mice and primary cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats stimulated with HG(30 mmol/L)were separately employed as in vivo and in vitro models.Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function.Flow cytometry and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining were used to assess apoptosis in myocardial cells.Mitochondrial function was assessed by cellular ATP levels and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential.Furthermore,intracellular reactive oxygen species production and superoxide dismutase activity were analyzed.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression.Western blot analysis was used to measure the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1(MYPT1),as well as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α(PGC-1α)and active caspase-3 protein levels.RESULTSIn the in vivo experiment, db/db mice developed DCM. However, the treatment of db/db mice with empagliflozin(10 mg/kg/d) for 8 wk substantially enhanced cardiac function and significantly reduced myocardial apoptosis,accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK and PGC-1α protein levels, as well as a decrease inthe phosphorylation of MYPT1 in the heart. In the in vitro experiment, the findings indicate that treatment ofcardiomyocytes with empagliflozin (10 μM) or fasudil (FA) (a ROCK inhibitor, 100 μM) or overexpression of PGC-1α significantly attenuated HG-induced mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.However, the above effects were partly reversed by the addition of compound C (CC). In cells exposed to HG,empagliflozin treatment increased the protein levels of p-AMPK and PGC-1α protein while decreasing phosphorylatedMYPT1 levels, and these changes were mitigated by the addition of CC. Adding FA and overexpressingPGC-1α in cells exposed to HG substantially increased PGC-1α protein levels. In addition, no sodium-glucosecotransporter (SGLT)2 protein expression was detected in cardiomyocytes.CONCLUSION Empagliflozin partially achieves anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects on cardiomyocytes under HGconditions by activating AMPK/PGC-1α and suppressing of the RhoA/ROCK pathway independent of SGLT2.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the effect of physical methods on the prevention of venous thrombosis in patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). <strong>Methods:</strong> Randomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were retrieved from the following databases: Cochrane library, Pubmed, EMbase, Web of science, Ovid, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, then Review Manage (RevMan) 5.3 software was used for data analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 24 RCTs including 3496 patients were analyzed in the study. The results of meta-analysis showed that various forms of upper limb movements could effectively decrease the incidence of venous thrombosis in the patients with PICC [<em>RR</em> = 0.23, 95% <em>CI</em> (0.16, 0.33), <em>P</em> < 0.01], upper limb movements could effectively improve the mean blood flow velocity of basilic vein [<em>MD</em> = 1.65, 95% <em>CI</em> (1.19, 2.11), <em>P</em> < 0.01]. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Upper limb movements can effectively decrease the incidence of phlebothrombosis and improve the mean flow velocity of basilic vein in the patients undergoing PICC. Other forms of physical prevention methods need to be further studied due to insufficient sample size.
文摘Objective: To explore graduation practical ability assessment mode of graduate students in nursing (Master of Nursing Specialist, MNS). Methods: All 28 MNS 2020th graduate students in a university were selected as subjects by convenient sampling method, using the improved 4-station objective structured examination (Objective Structured Clinical Examination, OSCE) model. The assessment content included nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, basic nursing operation, specialist nursing operation, theoretical written test and oral test and overall evaluation. And self-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the effect of the assessment model and the improvement of clinical practice ability of graduate students. Results: The overall satisfaction rate of graduation assessment was 89.51%, the overall satisfaction rate of graduation assessment mode and practical ability improvement evaluation was 84.66%, the pass rate of assessment results was 100%, and the excellent rate was 71.42%. Conclusion: The MNS graduation practical ability assessment model has a high degree of satisfaction, objectively evaluates the knowledge, skills, attitudes and emotions of graduate students, promotes the comprehensive quality and ability of graduate students, which is worthy of promotion.
