In a crowd density estimation dataset,the annotation of crowd locations is an extremely laborious task,and they are not taken into the evaluation metrics.In this paper,we aim to reduce the annotation cost of crowd dat...In a crowd density estimation dataset,the annotation of crowd locations is an extremely laborious task,and they are not taken into the evaluation metrics.In this paper,we aim to reduce the annotation cost of crowd datasets,and propose a crowd density estimation method based on weakly-supervised learning,in the absence of crowd position supervision information,which directly reduces the number of crowds by using the number of pedestrians in the image as the supervised information.For this purpose,we design a new training method,which exploits the correlation between global and local image features by incremental learning to train the network.Specifically,we design a parent-child network(PC-Net)focusing on the global and local image respectively,and propose a linear feature calibration structure to train the PC-Net simultaneously,and the child network learns feature transfer factors and feature bias weights,and uses the transfer factors and bias weights to linearly feature calibrate the features extracted from the Parent network,to improve the convergence of the network by using local features hidden in the crowd images.In addition,we use the pyramid vision transformer as the backbone of the PC-Net to extract crowd features at different levels,and design a global-local feature loss function(L2).We combine it with a crowd counting loss(LC)to enhance the sensitivity of the network to crowd features during the training process,which effectively improves the accuracy of crowd density estimation.The experimental results show that the PC-Net significantly reduces the gap between fullysupervised and weakly-supervised crowd density estimation,and outperforms the comparison methods on five datasets of Shanghai Tech Part A,ShanghaiTech Part B,UCF_CC_50,UCF_QNRF and JHU-CROWD++.展开更多
Melatonin regulates lily bulblet development;however,the key interactions have not yet been determined.In this study,we found that adding 20μM melatonin to the growth medium increased the bulblet circumference and th...Melatonin regulates lily bulblet development;however,the key interactions have not yet been determined.In this study,we found that adding 20μM melatonin to the growth medium increased the bulblet circumference and the trehalose and starch content.Moreover,the expression of numerous genes involved in cell proliferation and carbohydrate accumulation were upregulated.Further analysis showed that melatonin downregulated the expression of LoRAV and upregulated the expression of LoBPM3 at an early stage.Cloning and bioinformatics analysis showed that LoRAV is 1056 bp in length and encodes a protein with two structural domains,namely,AP2 and B3;the encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and has no self-activation activity,and this protein interacts with LoBPM3.The expression of LoTCP4 and LoAMY was upregulated,while the expression of LoAGPase,LoCYCB2-1,and LoPCNA was inhibited when LoRAV was transiently overexpressed.However,the trends in the expression of the genes mentioned above,except LoAGPase and LoAMY,were reversed when LoRAV-OE was treated with melatonin.Interestingly,the expression of LoRAV,LoTCP4 and LoAMY was inhibited,and the expression of LoCYCB2-1 was upregulated by transient overexpression of LoBPM3,but the expression of LoBPM3 was not regulated by LoRAV overexpression.Based on these data,we suggest that melatonin promoted bulb development,which was partly associated with regulation of the LoBPM3-LoRAV module;thus,LoRAV negatively regulates cell proliferation of bulblets,and LoBPM3 is located upstream of LoRAV and attenuates its expression.展开更多
Objective:This study aims to investigate the effect of 4 different dialysate temperatures on blood pressure during hemodialysis for patients with hypertension.Methods:Using a self-controlled method,the patients' b...Objective:This study aims to investigate the effect of 4 different dialysate temperatures on blood pressure during hemodialysis for patients with hypertension.Methods:Using a self-controlled method,the patients' body temperature was set as T.Accordingly,the dialysate temperature was set as 37 ℃,T+0.5 ℃,T,and T-0.5 ℃.The changes in blood pressure,heart rate,mean arterial pressure and dialysis-induced adverse reactions at the 4 different dialysate temperatures were consistently monitored.Results:Patients who received hemodialysis with 37 ℃ and T+0.5 ℃ dialysate demonstrated an unstable blood pressure and a higher incidence of adverse reactions,Patients who received hemodialysis with T and T-0.5 ℃ dialysate showed a relatively stable blood pressure,heart rate,and mean arterial pressure during dialysis.In particular,dialysate at T-0.5 ℃ resulted in the most stable blood pressure,the fewest adverse reactions and the best self-assessed comfort scores(P < 0.01).Conclusions:The dialysate temperature during hemodialysis for patients with hypertension should be set to a temperature based on patients' preoperative body temperate T or 0.5 ℃ below T.This practice is suggested to enhance the stability of patients' blood pressure and heart rate during hemodialysis,reduce complications and improve patients' tolerance of hemodialysis.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)on perineuronal nets(PNNs)andγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-ergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)of adult rats.Methods:28 rats w...Objective:To investigate the effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)on perineuronal nets(PNNs)andγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-ergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)of adult rats.Methods:28 rats were randomly divided into two groups.The model group adopted CUMS to establish a depression model,and the control group did not give any treatment.The density of PNNs and the percentage of PNNs positive(PNNs^(+))and parvalbumin positive(PV^(+))neurons in total PV^(+)neurons in the mPFC were detected by immunofluorescence.The protein expression of main components of PNNs,Aggrecan and Brevican,and GABA main synthase glutamic acid decarboxylase 67(GAD67)in the mPFC were detected by Western blot.Results:The density of PNNs and the percentage of PNNs^(+)and PV^(+)neurons in total PV^(+)neurons in the mPFC in the model group were decreased compared with the control group(P<0.05);The expression levels of PNNs component proteins Aggrecan and Brevican,and GABA main synthase GAD67 were also decreased in the model group(P<0.01).Conclusion:The levels of PNNs and GABA synthase GAD67 in the mPFC of rats were decreased after chronic unpredictable mild stress.展开更多
Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of Qingfei Paibu Decoction in the treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of cytokine storm by network pharmacology.Methods: The TCMSP and SymMap databases were used to s...Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of Qingfei Paibu Decoction in the treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of cytokine storm by network pharmacology.Methods: The TCMSP and SymMap databases were used to screen out the active components and targets of Qingfei Paibu Decoction;The GeneCards database was used to screen the predicted targets of COVID-19;Two targets were mapped;The STRING database and Cytoscape3.7.2 software were used to construct the network diagram of active drag-ingredient-target and screen out the core components and targets;The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out by OmicShare cloud platform and David respectively.Results:A total of 52 potential targets of Qingfei Paibu Decoction for the treatment of COVID-19 were obtained, among which 17 were core targets related to inflammation, mainly including cytokines such as IL, IFN, TNF and chemokines. And 26 core components were obtained, including quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin, and baicalein;The GO enrichment results showed 224 biological processes, 15 molecular functions and 33 cell components related to inflammation;There were 5 inflammatory signaling pathways in KEGG enrichment results, including TNF signaling pathway, Nod-like receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and cytokine receptor interaction. Conclusion: Qingfei Paibu Decoction can inhibit cytokine storms by acting on multiple targets and pathways with multiple components and thus treat COVID-19.展开更多
Objective:To explore the changes of cannabinoid receptor(CB1)and AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)of depression model rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS).Methods:30 ...Objective:To explore the changes of cannabinoid receptor(CB1)and AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)of depression model rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS).Methods:30 rats were randomly divided into three groups.The three-week model group was given a three-week CUMS model,the four-week model group was given a four-week CUMS model,and the control group was given no treatment.The behavior of rats were detected in each group,and the expression of CB1 and GluA1 protein in synaptosomes in mPFC brain region was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the surcose preference decreased,the feeding latency increased in the novel inhibition feeding test,and the immobility time increased in the forced swimming test in the four-week model group.However,after three weeks of CUMS,there was no obvious change in the behavior of rats compared with the control group,suggesting that four-week model of CUMS was successful.CUMS can reduce the expression level of CB1 and GluA1 protein in synaptosomes of mPFC brain area in four-week model group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between three-week model group and control group.Conclusion:Four-week CUMS was more likely to lead to depressive-like behavior in rats,which may be closely related to the expression of CB1 and GluA1 in mPFC.展开更多
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen that leads to respiratory tract infections in children, often causing immune-related injuries in multiple other organs and tissues. The involvement of central nervous system ...Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen that leads to respiratory tract infections in children, often causing immune-related injuries in multiple other organs and tissues. The involvement of central nervous system has been reported in 5% to 7% of patients with M. pneumoniae infection.[1] The clinical manifestations of M. pneumoniae encephalitis are highly heterogeneous, and more than half of patients experience seizures during the acute phase, with status epilepticus occurring in severe cases.[2]展开更多
基金the Humanities and Social Science Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(21YJAZH077)。
文摘In a crowd density estimation dataset,the annotation of crowd locations is an extremely laborious task,and they are not taken into the evaluation metrics.In this paper,we aim to reduce the annotation cost of crowd datasets,and propose a crowd density estimation method based on weakly-supervised learning,in the absence of crowd position supervision information,which directly reduces the number of crowds by using the number of pedestrians in the image as the supervised information.For this purpose,we design a new training method,which exploits the correlation between global and local image features by incremental learning to train the network.Specifically,we design a parent-child network(PC-Net)focusing on the global and local image respectively,and propose a linear feature calibration structure to train the PC-Net simultaneously,and the child network learns feature transfer factors and feature bias weights,and uses the transfer factors and bias weights to linearly feature calibrate the features extracted from the Parent network,to improve the convergence of the network by using local features hidden in the crowd images.In addition,we use the pyramid vision transformer as the backbone of the PC-Net to extract crowd features at different levels,and design a global-local feature loss function(L2).We combine it with a crowd counting loss(LC)to enhance the sensitivity of the network to crowd features during the training process,which effectively improves the accuracy of crowd density estimation.The experimental results show that the PC-Net significantly reduces the gap between fullysupervised and weakly-supervised crowd density estimation,and outperforms the comparison methods on five datasets of Shanghai Tech Part A,ShanghaiTech Part B,UCF_CC_50,UCF_QNRF and JHU-CROWD++.
基金This work was supported by grants 2001CB5103 from the National "973" Programm of Ministry of Scientific and Technology of China 30025042, 30070790 from National Natural Science Foundation of China 02158, "985","211"projects of Ministry of Education and Peking University
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD1000407)the earmarked fond for CARS(Grant No.CARS-23)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC2002052)。
文摘Melatonin regulates lily bulblet development;however,the key interactions have not yet been determined.In this study,we found that adding 20μM melatonin to the growth medium increased the bulblet circumference and the trehalose and starch content.Moreover,the expression of numerous genes involved in cell proliferation and carbohydrate accumulation were upregulated.Further analysis showed that melatonin downregulated the expression of LoRAV and upregulated the expression of LoBPM3 at an early stage.Cloning and bioinformatics analysis showed that LoRAV is 1056 bp in length and encodes a protein with two structural domains,namely,AP2 and B3;the encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and has no self-activation activity,and this protein interacts with LoBPM3.The expression of LoTCP4 and LoAMY was upregulated,while the expression of LoAGPase,LoCYCB2-1,and LoPCNA was inhibited when LoRAV was transiently overexpressed.However,the trends in the expression of the genes mentioned above,except LoAGPase and LoAMY,were reversed when LoRAV-OE was treated with melatonin.Interestingly,the expression of LoRAV,LoTCP4 and LoAMY was inhibited,and the expression of LoCYCB2-1 was upregulated by transient overexpression of LoBPM3,but the expression of LoBPM3 was not regulated by LoRAV overexpression.Based on these data,we suggest that melatonin promoted bulb development,which was partly associated with regulation of the LoBPM3-LoRAV module;thus,LoRAV negatively regulates cell proliferation of bulblets,and LoBPM3 is located upstream of LoRAV and attenuates its expression.
文摘Objective:This study aims to investigate the effect of 4 different dialysate temperatures on blood pressure during hemodialysis for patients with hypertension.Methods:Using a self-controlled method,the patients' body temperature was set as T.Accordingly,the dialysate temperature was set as 37 ℃,T+0.5 ℃,T,and T-0.5 ℃.The changes in blood pressure,heart rate,mean arterial pressure and dialysis-induced adverse reactions at the 4 different dialysate temperatures were consistently monitored.Results:Patients who received hemodialysis with 37 ℃ and T+0.5 ℃ dialysate demonstrated an unstable blood pressure and a higher incidence of adverse reactions,Patients who received hemodialysis with T and T-0.5 ℃ dialysate showed a relatively stable blood pressure,heart rate,and mean arterial pressure during dialysis.In particular,dialysate at T-0.5 ℃ resulted in the most stable blood pressure,the fewest adverse reactions and the best self-assessed comfort scores(P < 0.01).Conclusions:The dialysate temperature during hemodialysis for patients with hypertension should be set to a temperature based on patients' preoperative body temperate T or 0.5 ℃ below T.This practice is suggested to enhance the stability of patients' blood pressure and heart rate during hemodialysis,reduce complications and improve patients' tolerance of hemodialysis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81803857)Autonomous Subject of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.2018-JYBZZXJSJJ002)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)on perineuronal nets(PNNs)andγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-ergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)of adult rats.Methods:28 rats were randomly divided into two groups.The model group adopted CUMS to establish a depression model,and the control group did not give any treatment.The density of PNNs and the percentage of PNNs positive(PNNs^(+))and parvalbumin positive(PV^(+))neurons in total PV^(+)neurons in the mPFC were detected by immunofluorescence.The protein expression of main components of PNNs,Aggrecan and Brevican,and GABA main synthase glutamic acid decarboxylase 67(GAD67)in the mPFC were detected by Western blot.Results:The density of PNNs and the percentage of PNNs^(+)and PV^(+)neurons in total PV^(+)neurons in the mPFC in the model group were decreased compared with the control group(P<0.05);The expression levels of PNNs component proteins Aggrecan and Brevican,and GABA main synthase GAD67 were also decreased in the model group(P<0.01).Conclusion:The levels of PNNs and GABA synthase GAD67 in the mPFC of rats were decreased after chronic unpredictable mild stress.
基金The emergency project for COVID-19 prevention and control of Beijing university of Chinese medicine (2020-JYB-YJ-006)
文摘Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of Qingfei Paibu Decoction in the treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of cytokine storm by network pharmacology.Methods: The TCMSP and SymMap databases were used to screen out the active components and targets of Qingfei Paibu Decoction;The GeneCards database was used to screen the predicted targets of COVID-19;Two targets were mapped;The STRING database and Cytoscape3.7.2 software were used to construct the network diagram of active drag-ingredient-target and screen out the core components and targets;The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out by OmicShare cloud platform and David respectively.Results:A total of 52 potential targets of Qingfei Paibu Decoction for the treatment of COVID-19 were obtained, among which 17 were core targets related to inflammation, mainly including cytokines such as IL, IFN, TNF and chemokines. And 26 core components were obtained, including quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin, and baicalein;The GO enrichment results showed 224 biological processes, 15 molecular functions and 33 cell components related to inflammation;There were 5 inflammatory signaling pathways in KEGG enrichment results, including TNF signaling pathway, Nod-like receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and cytokine receptor interaction. Conclusion: Qingfei Paibu Decoction can inhibit cytokine storms by acting on multiple targets and pathways with multiple components and thus treat COVID-19.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81803857)Autonomous Subject of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.2018-JYBZZ-XJSJJ002)。
文摘Objective:To explore the changes of cannabinoid receptor(CB1)and AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)of depression model rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS).Methods:30 rats were randomly divided into three groups.The three-week model group was given a three-week CUMS model,the four-week model group was given a four-week CUMS model,and the control group was given no treatment.The behavior of rats were detected in each group,and the expression of CB1 and GluA1 protein in synaptosomes in mPFC brain region was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the surcose preference decreased,the feeding latency increased in the novel inhibition feeding test,and the immobility time increased in the forced swimming test in the four-week model group.However,after three weeks of CUMS,there was no obvious change in the behavior of rats compared with the control group,suggesting that four-week model of CUMS was successful.CUMS can reduce the expression level of CB1 and GluA1 protein in synaptosomes of mPFC brain area in four-week model group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between three-week model group and control group.Conclusion:Four-week CUMS was more likely to lead to depressive-like behavior in rats,which may be closely related to the expression of CB1 and GluA1 in mPFC.
文摘Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen that leads to respiratory tract infections in children, often causing immune-related injuries in multiple other organs and tissues. The involvement of central nervous system has been reported in 5% to 7% of patients with M. pneumoniae infection.[1] The clinical manifestations of M. pneumoniae encephalitis are highly heterogeneous, and more than half of patients experience seizures during the acute phase, with status epilepticus occurring in severe cases.[2]
