Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, and it is associated with poor prognosis. Its characteristics of being highly invasive and undergoing heterogeneous genetic mutation, as w...Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, and it is associated with poor prognosis. Its characteristics of being highly invasive and undergoing heterogeneous genetic mutation, as well as the presence of the blood–brain barrier(BBB), have reduced the efficacy of GBM treatment. The emergence of a novel therapeutic method, namely, sonodynamic therapy(SDT), provides a promising strategy for eradicating tumors via activated sonosensitizers coupled with low-intensity ultrasound. SDT can provide tumor killing effects for deep-seated tumors, such as brain tumors. However, conventional sonosensitizers cannot effectively reach the tumor region and kill additional tumor cells, especially brain tumor cells. Efforts should be made to develop a method to help therapeutic agents pass through the BBB and accumulate in brain tumors. With the development of novel multifunctional nanosensitizers and newly emerging combination strategies, the killing ability and selectivity of SDT have greatly improved and are accompanied with fewer side effects. In this review, we systematically summarize the findings of previous studies on SDT for GBM, with a focus on recent developments and promising directions for future research.展开更多
Interleukin 17(IL-17)and its main producer,T cell receptorγδcells,have neurotoxic effects in the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH),aggravating brain injuries.To investigate the correlation between IL-17 ...Interleukin 17(IL-17)and its main producer,T cell receptorγδcells,have neurotoxic effects in the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH),aggravating brain injuries.To investigate the correlation between IL-17 and ICH,we dynamically screened serum IL-17 concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and explored the clinical values of IL-17 in ICH patients.There was a significant negative correlation between serum IL-17 level and neurological recovery status in ICH patients(r=–0.498,P<0.01).To study the neurotoxic role of IL-17,C57 BL/6 mice were used to establish an ICH model by injecting autologous blood into the caudate nucleus.Subsequently,the mice were treated with mouse neural stem cells(NSCs)and/or IL-17 neutralizing antibody for 72 hours.Flow cytometry,brain water content detection,Nissl staining,and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling results indicated that NSC transplantation significantly reduced IL-17 expression in peri-hematoma tissue,but there was no difference in T cell receptorγδcells.Compared with the ICH group,there were fewer apoptotic bodies and more Nissl bodies in the ICH+NSC group and the ICH+NSC+IL-17 group.To investigate the potential effect of IL-17 on directional differentiation of NSCs,we cultured mouse NSCs(NE-4 C)alone or co-cultured them with T cell receptorγδcells,which were isolated from mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells,for 7 days.The results of western blot assays revealed that IL-17 secreted by T cell receptorγδcells reduced the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes and neurons,while IL-17 neutralization relieved the inhibition of directional differentiation into astrocytes rather than neurons.In conclusion,serum IL-17 levels were elevated in the early stage of ICH and were negatively correlated with outcome in ICH patients.Animal experiments and cytological investigations therefore demonstrated that IL-17 probably has neurotoxic roles in ICH because of its inhibitory effects on the directional differentiation of NSCs.The application of IL-17 neutralizing antibody may promote the directional differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes.This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University of China(For human study:Approval No.20170135)in December 2016.All animal handling and experimentation were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Anhui Medical University(approval No.20180248)in December 2017.展开更多
A calcified roasting-acid leaching process was developed as a highly effective method for the extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte in the presence of CaO additive. The influences of process parameters o...A calcified roasting-acid leaching process was developed as a highly effective method for the extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte in the presence of CaO additive. The influences of process parameters on the metal extraction were studied, including the roasting temperature, roasting time, addition of CaO, H2SO4 concentration and liquid-solid ratio. Under the optimum condition, 94.2% of Ni, 98.1% of Cu, 92.2% of Co and 89.3% of Fe were recovered. Additionally, 99.6% of Fe was removed from the leachate as goethite by a subsequent goethite iron precipitation process. The behavior and mechanism of CaO additive in the roasting process was clarified. The role of CaO is to prevent the formation of nonferrous metal ferrite phases by a preferential reaction with Fe2O3 during the roasting process. The metal oxides(Cu O and NixCu1-xO) remained stable during high-temperature roasting and were subsequently efficiently leached using a sulfuric acid solution.展开更多
The hydrogen reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate in the temperature range of 900?1050 °C was systematicallyinvestigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron mi...The hydrogen reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate in the temperature range of 900?1050 °C was systematicallyinvestigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. It wasshown that the products of the Panzhihua ilmenite reduced at 900 °C were metallic iron and rutile. Above 1000 °C, ferrouspseudobrookite solid solution was generated. During the reduction process, element Mg gradually concentrated to form Mg-rich zonewhich can influence the metallization process. The reduction reaction proceeded topochemically and its related reduction kineticswere also discussed. The kinetics of the reduction indicated that the rate-controlling step was the diffusion process. The apparentactivation energy of the hydrogen reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite was calculated to be 117.56 kJ/mol, which was larger than that ofsynthetic ilmenite under the same reduction condition.展开更多
The interfacial reactions of chalcopyrite in ammonia–ammonium chloride solution were investigated.The chalcopyrite surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniq...The interfacial reactions of chalcopyrite in ammonia–ammonium chloride solution were investigated.The chalcopyrite surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniques.It was found that interfacial passivation layers of chalcopyrite were formed from an iron oxide layer on top of a copper sulfide layer overlaying the bulk chalcopyrite,whereas CuFe1-xS2 or copper sulfides were formed via the preferential dissolution of Fe.The copper sulfide layer formed a new passivation layer,whereas the iron oxide layer peeled off spontaneously and partially from the chalcopyrite surface.The state of the copper sulfide layer was discussed after being deduced from the appearance of S2-,S22-,Sn2-,S0 and SO42-.A mechanism for the oxidation and passivation of chalcopyrite under different pH values and redox potentials was proposed.Accordingly,a model of the interfacial reaction on the chalcopyrite surface was constructed using a three-step reaction pathway,which demonstrated the formation and transformation of passivation layers under the present experimental conditions.展开更多
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma have continued to increase over the last few years,and the medicine-based outlook of patients is poor.Given great ideas from the development of nanotechnology in...The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma have continued to increase over the last few years,and the medicine-based outlook of patients is poor.Given great ideas from the development of nanotechnology in medicine,especially the advantages in the treatments of liver cancer.Some engineering nanoparticles with active targeting,ligand modification,and passive targeting capacity achieve efficient drug delivery to tumor cells.In addition,the behavior of drug release is also applied to the drug loading nanosystem based on the tumor microenvironment.Considering clinical use of local treatment of liver cancer,in situ drug delivery of nanogels is also fully studied in orthotopic chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and ablation therapy.Furthermore,novel therapies including gene therapy,phototherapy,and immunotherapy are also applied as combined therapy for liver cancer.Engineering nonviral polymers to function as gene delivery vectors with increased efficiency and specificity,and strategies of co-delivery of therapeutic genes and drugs show great therapeutic effect against liver tumors,including drug-resistant tumors.Phototherapy is also applied in surgical procedures,chemotherapy,and immunotherapy.Combination strategies significantly enhance therapeutic effects and decrease side effects.Overall,the application of nanotechnology could bring a revolutionary change to the current treatment of liver cancer.展开更多
The embrittlement of nickel-based structural alloys by fission-produced tellurium(Te) is a major challenge for molten salt reactors(MSR). In this study, the effects of thermal exposure time on tellurium diffusion in a...The embrittlement of nickel-based structural alloys by fission-produced tellurium(Te) is a major challenge for molten salt reactors(MSR). In this study, the effects of thermal exposure time on tellurium diffusion in a candidate MSR structural alloy(Ni–16 Mo–7 Cr–4 Fe) and the consequent mechanical property degradation of the alloy were investigated through surrogate diffusion experiments at 700 °C. The results show that some tellurium reacted with the alloy to form tellurides on the surface,while some tellurium diffused into the alloy along grain boundaries. Ni_3Te_2 and CrTe were the most stable reaction products at the tested temperature, and the formation of CrTe on the surface induced the Cr depletion at grain boundaries of the alloy. The diffusion depth of Te increased gradually with thermal exposure time, and thediffusion rate kept stable within the test duration of up to3000 h. The Te diffusion in the alloy caused the embrittlement of grain boundaries, inducing crack formation and strength degradation in tensile test at room temperature.展开更多
The flotation and surface interaction of rutile with nonyl hydroxamic acid were investigated in this work. The results show that the adsorption density and flotation recovery of rutile have similar tendency, especiall...The flotation and surface interaction of rutile with nonyl hydroxamic acid were investigated in this work. The results show that the adsorption density and flotation recovery of rutile have similar tendency, especially the maximum recovery and adsorption occur at pH about 7.5. In terms of Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopic analysis, chemical adsorption is identified on the surface of rutile, where a chelate of O,O-five-membered rings with Ti^4＋ on the surface of rutile may form. Adsorption measurements, Zeta potential test, IR spectrum analyses, and solution chemistry calculations illustrate that the adsorption on the rutile surface involves both physical and chemical adsorption, while chemical adsorption is dominant.展开更多
In this context,we firstly synthesized a novel nitrogen-doped multiporous carbon material from renewable biological cells through a facile chemical activation with K;CO;.After sulfur impregnation,the carbon/sulfur com...In this context,we firstly synthesized a novel nitrogen-doped multiporous carbon material from renewable biological cells through a facile chemical activation with K;CO;.After sulfur impregnation,the carbon/sulfur composite achieved a sulfur content of about 67 wt%.The C/S composite as the cathode of lithium-sulfur batteries exhibited a discharge capacity of 1410 mAh/g and good capacity retention of912 mAh/g at 0.1C.These outstanding results were attributed to the synergy effect of microporous carbon and natural doping nitrogen atoms.We believe that the facile approach for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped multiporous carbon from the low-cost and sustainable biological resources will not only be applied in lithium-sulfur batteries,but also in other electrode materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51874196,51674164)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment at the Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning,China(No.TP2020032)+2 种基金the Iron and Steel Joint Research Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Baowu Steel Group Corp.Ltd.(No.U1860203)the Independent Research and Development Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University,China(No.SKLASS 2021-Z03)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Nos.21DZ1208900,19DZ2270200,20511107700)。
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81702457)the Clinical Medical University and Hospital Joint Construction of Disciplinary Projects 2021(2021lcxk017)+4 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Cancer(2020B121201004)the Outstanding Youths Development Scheme of Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University(2021J008)the Basic and Clinical Cooperative Research and Promotion Program of Anhui Medical University(2021xkjT028)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine(KFJJ-2021-11)Grants for Scientific Research of BSKY from Anhui Medical University(1406012201)。
文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, and it is associated with poor prognosis. Its characteristics of being highly invasive and undergoing heterogeneous genetic mutation, as well as the presence of the blood–brain barrier(BBB), have reduced the efficacy of GBM treatment. The emergence of a novel therapeutic method, namely, sonodynamic therapy(SDT), provides a promising strategy for eradicating tumors via activated sonosensitizers coupled with low-intensity ultrasound. SDT can provide tumor killing effects for deep-seated tumors, such as brain tumors. However, conventional sonosensitizers cannot effectively reach the tumor region and kill additional tumor cells, especially brain tumor cells. Efforts should be made to develop a method to help therapeutic agents pass through the BBB and accumulate in brain tumors. With the development of novel multifunctional nanosensitizers and newly emerging combination strategies, the killing ability and selectivity of SDT have greatly improved and are accompanied with fewer side effects. In this review, we systematically summarize the findings of previous studies on SDT for GBM, with a focus on recent developments and promising directions for future research.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China,No.1708085MH211(to HWC)the College Top-notch Talent Foundation of Anhui Province of China,No.KJ2018A0207(to HWC)
文摘Interleukin 17(IL-17)and its main producer,T cell receptorγδcells,have neurotoxic effects in the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH),aggravating brain injuries.To investigate the correlation between IL-17 and ICH,we dynamically screened serum IL-17 concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and explored the clinical values of IL-17 in ICH patients.There was a significant negative correlation between serum IL-17 level and neurological recovery status in ICH patients(r=–0.498,P<0.01).To study the neurotoxic role of IL-17,C57 BL/6 mice were used to establish an ICH model by injecting autologous blood into the caudate nucleus.Subsequently,the mice were treated with mouse neural stem cells(NSCs)and/or IL-17 neutralizing antibody for 72 hours.Flow cytometry,brain water content detection,Nissl staining,and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling results indicated that NSC transplantation significantly reduced IL-17 expression in peri-hematoma tissue,but there was no difference in T cell receptorγδcells.Compared with the ICH group,there were fewer apoptotic bodies and more Nissl bodies in the ICH+NSC group and the ICH+NSC+IL-17 group.To investigate the potential effect of IL-17 on directional differentiation of NSCs,we cultured mouse NSCs(NE-4 C)alone or co-cultured them with T cell receptorγδcells,which were isolated from mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells,for 7 days.The results of western blot assays revealed that IL-17 secreted by T cell receptorγδcells reduced the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes and neurons,while IL-17 neutralization relieved the inhibition of directional differentiation into astrocytes rather than neurons.In conclusion,serum IL-17 levels were elevated in the early stage of ICH and were negatively correlated with outcome in ICH patients.Animal experiments and cytological investigations therefore demonstrated that IL-17 probably has neurotoxic roles in ICH because of its inhibitory effects on the directional differentiation of NSCs.The application of IL-17 neutralizing antibody may promote the directional differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes.This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University of China(For human study:Approval No.20170135)in December 2016.All animal handling and experimentation were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Anhui Medical University(approval No.20180248)in December 2017.
基金financially supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2014CB643403)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.51225401)
基金Projects(U1860203,U1860108,51574164) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A calcified roasting-acid leaching process was developed as a highly effective method for the extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte in the presence of CaO additive. The influences of process parameters on the metal extraction were studied, including the roasting temperature, roasting time, addition of CaO, H2SO4 concentration and liquid-solid ratio. Under the optimum condition, 94.2% of Ni, 98.1% of Cu, 92.2% of Co and 89.3% of Fe were recovered. Additionally, 99.6% of Fe was removed from the leachate as goethite by a subsequent goethite iron precipitation process. The behavior and mechanism of CaO additive in the roasting process was clarified. The role of CaO is to prevent the formation of nonferrous metal ferrite phases by a preferential reaction with Fe2O3 during the roasting process. The metal oxides(Cu O and NixCu1-xO) remained stable during high-temperature roasting and were subsequently efficiently leached using a sulfuric acid solution.
基金Project(2014CB643403)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(51225401,51304132,51574164)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(14JC1491400)supported by the Science and Technology Commissions of Shanghai Municipality,ChinaProject(2013GZ0146)supported by the Sichuan Province,China
文摘The hydrogen reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate in the temperature range of 900?1050 °C was systematicallyinvestigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. It wasshown that the products of the Panzhihua ilmenite reduced at 900 °C were metallic iron and rutile. Above 1000 °C, ferrouspseudobrookite solid solution was generated. During the reduction process, element Mg gradually concentrated to form Mg-rich zonewhich can influence the metallization process. The reduction reaction proceeded topochemically and its related reduction kineticswere also discussed. The kinetics of the reduction indicated that the rate-controlling step was the diffusion process. The apparentactivation energy of the hydrogen reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite was calculated to be 117.56 kJ/mol, which was larger than that ofsynthetic ilmenite under the same reduction condition.
基金Project(2014CB643405)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The interfacial reactions of chalcopyrite in ammonia–ammonium chloride solution were investigated.The chalcopyrite surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniques.It was found that interfacial passivation layers of chalcopyrite were formed from an iron oxide layer on top of a copper sulfide layer overlaying the bulk chalcopyrite,whereas CuFe1-xS2 or copper sulfides were formed via the preferential dissolution of Fe.The copper sulfide layer formed a new passivation layer,whereas the iron oxide layer peeled off spontaneously and partially from the chalcopyrite surface.The state of the copper sulfide layer was discussed after being deduced from the appearance of S2-,S22-,Sn2-,S0 and SO42-.A mechanism for the oxidation and passivation of chalcopyrite under different pH values and redox potentials was proposed.Accordingly,a model of the interfacial reaction on the chalcopyrite surface was constructed using a three-step reaction pathway,which demonstrated the formation and transformation of passivation layers under the present experimental conditions.
基金Science and Technology Innovation Joint Fund Project of Fujian Province,No.2019Y9044Science and Technology Project of Quanzhou,No.2018Z155.
文摘The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma have continued to increase over the last few years,and the medicine-based outlook of patients is poor.Given great ideas from the development of nanotechnology in medicine,especially the advantages in the treatments of liver cancer.Some engineering nanoparticles with active targeting,ligand modification,and passive targeting capacity achieve efficient drug delivery to tumor cells.In addition,the behavior of drug release is also applied to the drug loading nanosystem based on the tumor microenvironment.Considering clinical use of local treatment of liver cancer,in situ drug delivery of nanogels is also fully studied in orthotopic chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and ablation therapy.Furthermore,novel therapies including gene therapy,phototherapy,and immunotherapy are also applied as combined therapy for liver cancer.Engineering nonviral polymers to function as gene delivery vectors with increased efficiency and specificity,and strategies of co-delivery of therapeutic genes and drugs show great therapeutic effect against liver tumors,including drug-resistant tumors.Phototherapy is also applied in surgical procedures,chemotherapy,and immunotherapy.Combination strategies significantly enhance therapeutic effects and decrease side effects.Overall,the application of nanotechnology could bring a revolutionary change to the current treatment of liver cancer.
基金supported by the National key research and development program of China(No.2016YFB0700404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51371188,51671122,51671154,51601213,51501216)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA02004210)the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.16YF1414300)the Talent development fund of Shanghai(No.201650)
文摘The embrittlement of nickel-based structural alloys by fission-produced tellurium(Te) is a major challenge for molten salt reactors(MSR). In this study, the effects of thermal exposure time on tellurium diffusion in a candidate MSR structural alloy(Ni–16 Mo–7 Cr–4 Fe) and the consequent mechanical property degradation of the alloy were investigated through surrogate diffusion experiments at 700 °C. The results show that some tellurium reacted with the alloy to form tellurides on the surface,while some tellurium diffused into the alloy along grain boundaries. Ni_3Te_2 and CrTe were the most stable reaction products at the tested temperature, and the formation of CrTe on the surface induced the Cr depletion at grain boundaries of the alloy. The diffusion depth of Te increased gradually with thermal exposure time, and thediffusion rate kept stable within the test duration of up to3000 h. The Te diffusion in the alloy caused the embrittlement of grain boundaries, inducing crack formation and strength degradation in tensile test at room temperature.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51474254)the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20120162110008)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2013M531813)the Planned Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province, China (No. 2012SK3233)the Independent Exploration and Innovation Projects of Master of Central South University (No. 2014zzts275)
文摘The flotation and surface interaction of rutile with nonyl hydroxamic acid were investigated in this work. The results show that the adsorption density and flotation recovery of rutile have similar tendency, especially the maximum recovery and adsorption occur at pH about 7.5. In terms of Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopic analysis, chemical adsorption is identified on the surface of rutile, where a chelate of O,O-five-membered rings with Ti^4＋ on the surface of rutile may form. Adsorption measurements, Zeta potential test, IR spectrum analyses, and solution chemistry calculations illustrate that the adsorption on the rutile surface involves both physical and chemical adsorption, while chemical adsorption is dominant.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61371021,61527818)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Peak Discipline Construction Program)Shanghai Education Commission Innovation Project(No.14YZ016)
文摘In this context,we firstly synthesized a novel nitrogen-doped multiporous carbon material from renewable biological cells through a facile chemical activation with K;CO;.After sulfur impregnation,the carbon/sulfur composite achieved a sulfur content of about 67 wt%.The C/S composite as the cathode of lithium-sulfur batteries exhibited a discharge capacity of 1410 mAh/g and good capacity retention of912 mAh/g at 0.1C.These outstanding results were attributed to the synergy effect of microporous carbon and natural doping nitrogen atoms.We believe that the facile approach for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped multiporous carbon from the low-cost and sustainable biological resources will not only be applied in lithium-sulfur batteries,but also in other electrode materials.
