Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.As potent anti-i...Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.As potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet known.In the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of action.In vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial polarization.Lipopolysaccharide,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were administered.RNA-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of dexamethasone.The Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our hypothesis.High-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain injury.Thus dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in vivo.Glucocorticoid receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain injury.Additionally,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is the GR/JAK1/STAT3 pathway.Overactivation of glucocorticoid receptor by high-dose dexamethasone reduced the expression of M2 microglia,which plays an antiinflammatory role.In contrast,inhibiting the activation of glucocorticoid receptor reduced the number of apoptotic glia and neurons and decreased the loss of dendritic spines after traumatic brain injury.Dexamethasone may exe rt its neurotoxic effects by inhibiting M2 microglia through the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.展开更多
This paper studies the influence of three different pretreatments( blanching,citric acid soaking,and Na Cl soaking) on the moisture content,degree of puffing,color,hardness and crispness of Hami melon under explosion ...This paper studies the influence of three different pretreatments( blanching,citric acid soaking,and Na Cl soaking) on the moisture content,degree of puffing,color,hardness and crispness of Hami melon under explosion puffing drying at modified temperature and pressure in Xinjiang. The results show that using 60 s blanching pretreatment can help to reduce the moisture content of puffed product while maintaining product color; 2. 5% citric acid pretreatment can make products maintain high degree of puffing and crispness,but reduce product color; 2%Na Cl penetrating fluid plays a significant role in maintaining product color,while maintaining crispness.展开更多
We developed novel hybrid ligands to passivate Pb S colloidal quantum dots(CQDs),and two kinds of solar cells based on as-synthesized CQDs were fabricated to verify the passivation effects of the ligands.It was found ...We developed novel hybrid ligands to passivate Pb S colloidal quantum dots(CQDs),and two kinds of solar cells based on as-synthesized CQDs were fabricated to verify the passivation effects of the ligands.It was found that the ligands strongly affected the optical and electrical properties of CQDs,and the performances of solar cells were enhanced strongly.The optimized hybrid ligands,oleic amine/octyl-phosphine acid/Cd Cl2improved power conversion efficiency(PCE)to much higher of 3.72%for Schottky diode cell and 5.04%for p–n junction cell.These results may be beneficial to design passivation strategy for low-cost and high-performance CQDs solar cells.展开更多
The study used four tomato varieties,03786( susceptible),05237( susceptible),C2985( resistant) and Wva536( resistant) with different resistance,to formulate combinations according to Griffing( I) complete diallel cros...The study used four tomato varieties,03786( susceptible),05237( susceptible),C2985( resistant) and Wva536( resistant) with different resistance,to formulate combinations according to Griffing( I) complete diallel cross method. And Botrytis cinerea was inoculated to investigate the incidence of gray mold. The results showed that:(1) there were significant differences in disease resistance between different varieties and different combinations.(2) There were significant differences in general combining ability and special combining ability between the tested varieties,and Wva536 and C2985 had a higher general combining ability effect,and were both relatively good parents when formulating resistant combinations. Combinations Wva536 × 03786 and Wva536 × 05237 had the highest special combining ability,and thus have the value of further research and utilization.(3) The additive effect in resistance inheritance was located at the primary position,and partial dominance also existed as well as cytoplasmic effect.(4) The broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability were,respectively,89. 73% and82. 15%,which were higher,indicating that the parents had a greater effect on offsprings. The resistance genes can be expressed in offsprings through gene accumulation,and should be selected in the early generation.展开更多
This study was conducted to screen tomato resources resistant to gray mold for the first time by in-vitro stem inoculation method.The results showed that Solanum habrochaites T2-07-316 was highly resistant to gray mol...This study was conducted to screen tomato resources resistant to gray mold for the first time by in-vitro stem inoculation method.The results showed that Solanum habrochaites T2-07-316 was highly resistant to gray mold,and had the relative stem infection rate and relative stem rot expansion rate of 0 on the 6^(th) day after inoculation.There were also other seven transgenic common tomato materials which showed higher resistance to gray mold,with a relative stem infection rate in the range of 15.00%-38.33% and a relative stem rot expansion rate in the range of 10.22%-23.57%.Among them,T2-07-337 had the best resistance.展开更多
This study proposes a hybrid network model based on data enhancement to address the problem of low accuracy in photovoltaic(PV)power prediction that arises due to insuffi cient data samples for new PV plants.First,a t...This study proposes a hybrid network model based on data enhancement to address the problem of low accuracy in photovoltaic(PV)power prediction that arises due to insuffi cient data samples for new PV plants.First,a time-series gener ative adversarial network(TimeGAN)is used to learn the distri bution law of the original PV data samples and the temporal correlations between their features,and these are then used to generate new samples to enhance the training set.Subsequently,a hybrid network model that fuses bi-directional long-short term memory(BiLSTM)network with attention mechanism(AM)in the framework of deep&cross network(DCN)is con structed to effectively extract deep information from the origi nal features while enhancing the impact of important informa tion on the prediction results.Finally,the hyperparameters in the hybrid network model are optimized using the whale optimi zation algorithm(WOA),which prevents the network model from falling into a local optimum and gives the best prediction results.The simulation results show that after data enhance ment by TimeGAN,the hybrid prediction model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of short-term PV power prediction and has wide applicability.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have garnered significant interest in energy storage due to their similar working mechanism to lithium ion batteries and abundant reserves of sodium resource.Exploring facile synthesis of a c...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have garnered significant interest in energy storage due to their similar working mechanism to lithium ion batteries and abundant reserves of sodium resource.Exploring facile synthesis of a carbon-based anode materials with capable electrochemical performance is key to promoting the practical application of SIBs.In this work,a combination of petroleum pitch and recyclable sodium chloride is selected as the carbon source and template to obtain hard carbon(HC)anode for SIBs.Carbonization times and temperatures are optimized by assessing the sodium ion storage behavior of different HC materials.The optimized HC exhibits a remarkable capacity of over 430 mAh·g^(-1) after undergoing full activation through 500 cycles at a density of current of 0.1 A·g^(-1).Furthermore,it demonstrates an initial discharge capacity of 276 mAh·g^(-1) at a density of current of 0.5 A·g^(-1).Meanwhile,the optimized HC shows a good capacity retention(170 mAh·g^(-1) after 750 cycles)and a remarkable rate ability(166 mAh·g^(-1) at 2 A·g^(-1)).The enhanced capacity is attributed to the suitable degree of graphitization and surface area,which improve the sodium ion transport and storage.展开更多
This study investigates a hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system for distributed cooperative voltage control in active distribution networks. The hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system adopts on-load tap-changing(OLTC...This study investigates a hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system for distributed cooperative voltage control in active distribution networks. The hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system adopts on-load tap-changing(OLTC) agents for the distribution transformers and feeder control section(FCS) agents for the distributed generators(DGs). The objective is to minimize the voltage deviations over the network. The FCS agents also have the objective of minimizing reductions in DG power output. A least squares method is used for curve fitting to achieve the two objectives. The OLTC agent receives voltage information from the FCS agents to evaluate the state of the voltage in each feeder and the distribution network and cooperates with the FCS agents to control the voltage of the network.The FCS agents exchange the fitted curve parameters and basic information on the DGs with other agents to achieve the objectives. The effectiveness of the proposed distributed cooperative voltage control scheme is verified through simulations. Depending on the network voltages obtained by the OLTC agent, different operations are executed to prevent voltage limit violations and to minimize the voltage deviations and reductions in the DG power outputs.展开更多
The incorporation of an additional component into the bulk-heterojunction light-harvesting layer of polymer solar cells has been considered as an effective strategy to enhance photovoltaic performance.Here we demonstr...The incorporation of an additional component into the bulk-heterojunction light-harvesting layer of polymer solar cells has been considered as an effective strategy to enhance photovoltaic performance.Here we demonstrated that the photovoltaic parameters of all-polymer solar cells could be enhanced upon replacing a certain ratio of electron-donating polymer PTz BI-o F with a widely used wide-bandgap polymer donor PM6.The photoluminescent characterizations confirmed the F?rster resonance energy transfer from incorporated PM6 to PTz BI-o F.Moreover,the combination of Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy and electroluminescence external quantum efficiencies measurements demonstrated reduced non-radiative recombination energy loss upon the incorporation of PM6,resulting in a slightly enhanced open-circuit voltage of 0.88 V of the ternary cell regarding the binary PTz BI-o F:PFA1 device.The optimized ternary blend devices comprising of PTz BI-o F:PM6:PFA1 presented an impressively high power conversion efficiency of 16.3%,and the efficiency remains 15%on a device with an enlarged effective area of 1 cm^(2),demonstrating the great potential of these all-PSCs for potential applications.展开更多
Purpose:The 8-year medical education program(EYMEP)is China's path to training high-level medical talents.In retrospect,this study systematically reviewed the developmental process of China's EYMEP.The status ...Purpose:The 8-year medical education program(EYMEP)is China's path to training high-level medical talents.In retrospect,this study systematically reviewed the developmental process of China's EYMEP.The status quo and characteristics,and threats and challenges,were analyzed,along with the program’s prospects.Design/Approach/Methods:This study analyzed relevant textual materials and policy documents dating back to the time of hosting of China's EYMEP,as well as conducted various specific interviews and field trips.Findings:The exploration of China's high-level medical talent training has been conducted over a century.EYMEP can be divided into five periods:the Only Host Period,the Duplication Pilot Host Period,the Expansion Period,the Joint Exploration Period,and the In-Depth Promotion Period.Currently,there are 14 universities and institutes hosting the EYMEP approved by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.However,they differ greatly in training ideas and goals,enrollment processes,and training phases.China's EYMEP is faced with some external threats and internal challenges.In the future,China's EYMEP should consider five aspects.Originality/Value:In the new era of the reform and development of China's medical education,a systematic review of the development of EYMEP in China is of great significance to the promotion of high-level medical talent training in China.Meanwhile,the exploration course of China's highlevel medical talent training represented by the EYMEP may be an enlightenment for other countries,especially developing countries like China,in their training of high-level medical talents.展开更多
Numerical simulations are carried out for unsteady flow field of certain kind of 3D compressor cascade. Emphasis is laid on vortex shedding and frequency analysis in a compressor cascade. Numerical simulations using u...Numerical simulations are carried out for unsteady flow field of certain kind of 3D compressor cascade. Emphasis is laid on vortex shedding and frequency analysis in a compressor cascade. Numerical simulations using unsteady Reynolds-averaged viscous turbulent equations are carried out. The results show that the flows in separated areas and wake areas are characterized as periodic or quasi-periodic vortex shedding and the frequencies of vortex shedding vary with incidences and Mach number. At the same Mach number, the frequency of vortex shedding will decrease as the incidence increases. Yet, the frequency will increase as the Mach number increases at the same incidence. In the same computation case, the frequency of vortex shedding will vary along the span of blade. The frequency is smaller at the middle of the span than that at the hub.展开更多
Polymer solar cell （PSC） is a promising photovoltaic technology for clean and renewable energy sources owing to its mechanical flexibility and large-area, low-cost manufacturing compatibility. Significant progress i...Polymer solar cell （PSC） is a promising photovoltaic technology for clean and renewable energy sources owing to its mechanical flexibility and large-area, low-cost manufacturing compatibility. Significant progress in device per- formance has been made in the recent years through the development of new materials, morphology control in photo-active layer, interface engineering in multi-layer device, and device fabrication processes. However, further improvement in efficiency exceeding 10% in single-junction PSCs remains a daunting challenge for commercial applications owing to the compromise between optical absorption and charge transport in the active layer.展开更多
Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs)due to their simple synthesis.Still,the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of NFREA-based OSCs ...Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs)due to their simple synthesis.Still,the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of NFREA-based OSCs have large room for improvement.In this work,by merging end group halogenation and side chain engineering,we developed four A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs,which we refer to as EH-4F,C4-4F,EH-4Cl,and C4-4Cl.Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that multiple intermolecular S⋅⋅⋅F interactions between cyclopentadithiophene and 5,6-difluoro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone could cause an unfavorable dimer formation,leading to ineffectiveπ-πstackings in EH-4F and C4-4F,whereas no such dimer was found in EH-4Cl and C4-4Cl after replacing with 5,6-dichloro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone.Moreover,although the shorter n-butyl side chain resulted in a closer molecular packing in C4-4Cl,EH-4Cl(2-ethylhexyl substitution)with proper crystallinity exhibited enhanced face-on orientation in thin film,which is favorable for vertical charge transport and further reducing charge recombination.As a result,a PCE of 13.0%is obtained for EH-4Cl-based OSC with a fill factor of 0.70.This work highlights the importance of molecular packing and orientation control toward future high-performance A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs.展开更多
基金supported by research grants from the Ningbo Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2022Z143hezuo(to BL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82201520(to XD)。
文摘Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.As potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet known.In the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of action.In vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial polarization.Lipopolysaccharide,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were administered.RNA-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of dexamethasone.The Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our hypothesis.High-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain injury.Thus dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in vivo.Glucocorticoid receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain injury.Additionally,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is the GR/JAK1/STAT3 pathway.Overactivation of glucocorticoid receptor by high-dose dexamethasone reduced the expression of M2 microglia,which plays an antiinflammatory role.In contrast,inhibiting the activation of glucocorticoid receptor reduced the number of apoptotic glia and neurons and decreased the loss of dendritic spines after traumatic brain injury.Dexamethasone may exe rt its neurotoxic effects by inhibiting M2 microglia through the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
基金Supported by Guide Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science(71YYD201408)Xinjiang Science and Technology Support Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2013AB020)
文摘This paper studies the influence of three different pretreatments( blanching,citric acid soaking,and Na Cl soaking) on the moisture content,degree of puffing,color,hardness and crispness of Hami melon under explosion puffing drying at modified temperature and pressure in Xinjiang. The results show that using 60 s blanching pretreatment can help to reduce the moisture content of puffed product while maintaining product color; 2. 5% citric acid pretreatment can make products maintain high degree of puffing and crispness,but reduce product color; 2%Na Cl penetrating fluid plays a significant role in maintaining product color,while maintaining crispness.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.9133320661274062+2 种基金and11204106)National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.51225301)Guangdong Province Natural Science Fund(No.2014A030313257)
文摘We developed novel hybrid ligands to passivate Pb S colloidal quantum dots(CQDs),and two kinds of solar cells based on as-synthesized CQDs were fabricated to verify the passivation effects of the ligands.It was found that the ligands strongly affected the optical and electrical properties of CQDs,and the performances of solar cells were enhanced strongly.The optimized hybrid ligands,oleic amine/octyl-phosphine acid/Cd Cl2improved power conversion efficiency(PCE)to much higher of 3.72%for Schottky diode cell and 5.04%for p–n junction cell.These results may be beneficial to design passivation strategy for low-cost and high-performance CQDs solar cells.
基金Supported by Program of Science and Technology Support for Xinjiang's Development(2016AB028)
文摘The study used four tomato varieties,03786( susceptible),05237( susceptible),C2985( resistant) and Wva536( resistant) with different resistance,to formulate combinations according to Griffing( I) complete diallel cross method. And Botrytis cinerea was inoculated to investigate the incidence of gray mold. The results showed that:(1) there were significant differences in disease resistance between different varieties and different combinations.(2) There were significant differences in general combining ability and special combining ability between the tested varieties,and Wva536 and C2985 had a higher general combining ability effect,and were both relatively good parents when formulating resistant combinations. Combinations Wva536 × 03786 and Wva536 × 05237 had the highest special combining ability,and thus have the value of further research and utilization.(3) The additive effect in resistance inheritance was located at the primary position,and partial dominance also existed as well as cytoplasmic effect.(4) The broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability were,respectively,89. 73% and82. 15%,which were higher,indicating that the parents had a greater effect on offsprings. The resistance genes can be expressed in offsprings through gene accumulation,and should be selected in the early generation.
基金Supported by Program of Science and Technology Support for Xinjiang's development(2016AB028)
文摘This study was conducted to screen tomato resources resistant to gray mold for the first time by in-vitro stem inoculation method.The results showed that Solanum habrochaites T2-07-316 was highly resistant to gray mold,and had the relative stem infection rate and relative stem rot expansion rate of 0 on the 6^(th) day after inoculation.There were also other seven transgenic common tomato materials which showed higher resistance to gray mold,with a relative stem infection rate in the range of 15.00%-38.33% and a relative stem rot expansion rate in the range of 10.22%-23.57%.Among them,T2-07-337 had the best resistance.
基金supported by the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U19A20106)the Science and Technology Major Projects of Anhui Province(No.202203f07020003)the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.52120522000F).
文摘This study proposes a hybrid network model based on data enhancement to address the problem of low accuracy in photovoltaic(PV)power prediction that arises due to insuffi cient data samples for new PV plants.First,a time-series gener ative adversarial network(TimeGAN)is used to learn the distri bution law of the original PV data samples and the temporal correlations between their features,and these are then used to generate new samples to enhance the training set.Subsequently,a hybrid network model that fuses bi-directional long-short term memory(BiLSTM)network with attention mechanism(AM)in the framework of deep&cross network(DCN)is con structed to effectively extract deep information from the origi nal features while enhancing the impact of important informa tion on the prediction results.Finally,the hyperparameters in the hybrid network model are optimized using the whale optimi zation algorithm(WOA),which prevents the network model from falling into a local optimum and gives the best prediction results.The simulation results show that after data enhance ment by TimeGAN,the hybrid prediction model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of short-term PV power prediction and has wide applicability.
基金supported by Heilongjiang Province Key R&D Program(Grant No.GA22A014).
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have garnered significant interest in energy storage due to their similar working mechanism to lithium ion batteries and abundant reserves of sodium resource.Exploring facile synthesis of a carbon-based anode materials with capable electrochemical performance is key to promoting the practical application of SIBs.In this work,a combination of petroleum pitch and recyclable sodium chloride is selected as the carbon source and template to obtain hard carbon(HC)anode for SIBs.Carbonization times and temperatures are optimized by assessing the sodium ion storage behavior of different HC materials.The optimized HC exhibits a remarkable capacity of over 430 mAh·g^(-1) after undergoing full activation through 500 cycles at a density of current of 0.1 A·g^(-1).Furthermore,it demonstrates an initial discharge capacity of 276 mAh·g^(-1) at a density of current of 0.5 A·g^(-1).Meanwhile,the optimized HC shows a good capacity retention(170 mAh·g^(-1) after 750 cycles)and a remarkable rate ability(166 mAh·g^(-1) at 2 A·g^(-1)).The enhanced capacity is attributed to the suitable degree of graphitization and surface area,which improve the sodium ion transport and storage.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program)of China under Grant 2015AA050104the Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation of China(5211DS150015)
文摘This study investigates a hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system for distributed cooperative voltage control in active distribution networks. The hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system adopts on-load tap-changing(OLTC) agents for the distribution transformers and feeder control section(FCS) agents for the distributed generators(DGs). The objective is to minimize the voltage deviations over the network. The FCS agents also have the objective of minimizing reductions in DG power output. A least squares method is used for curve fitting to achieve the two objectives. The OLTC agent receives voltage information from the FCS agents to evaluate the state of the voltage in each feeder and the distribution network and cooperates with the FCS agents to control the voltage of the network.The FCS agents exchange the fitted curve parameters and basic information on the DGs with other agents to achieve the objectives. The effectiveness of the proposed distributed cooperative voltage control scheme is verified through simulations. Depending on the network voltages obtained by the OLTC agent, different operations are executed to prevent voltage limit violations and to minimize the voltage deviations and reductions in the DG power outputs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21822505)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2017A030306011,2019B030302007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0705900)。
文摘The incorporation of an additional component into the bulk-heterojunction light-harvesting layer of polymer solar cells has been considered as an effective strategy to enhance photovoltaic performance.Here we demonstrated that the photovoltaic parameters of all-polymer solar cells could be enhanced upon replacing a certain ratio of electron-donating polymer PTz BI-o F with a widely used wide-bandgap polymer donor PM6.The photoluminescent characterizations confirmed the F?rster resonance energy transfer from incorporated PM6 to PTz BI-o F.Moreover,the combination of Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy and electroluminescence external quantum efficiencies measurements demonstrated reduced non-radiative recombination energy loss upon the incorporation of PM6,resulting in a slightly enhanced open-circuit voltage of 0.88 V of the ternary cell regarding the binary PTz BI-o F:PFA1 device.The optimized ternary blend devices comprising of PTz BI-o F:PM6:PFA1 presented an impressively high power conversion efficiency of 16.3%,and the efficiency remains 15%on a device with an enlarged effective area of 1 cm^(2),demonstrating the great potential of these all-PSCs for potential applications.
基金supported by the Key Project for Medical Education Research in 2018 of the Medical Education Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and Specialty Committee of Medical Education in China Association of Higher Education(2018A-N02095).
文摘Purpose:The 8-year medical education program(EYMEP)is China's path to training high-level medical talents.In retrospect,this study systematically reviewed the developmental process of China's EYMEP.The status quo and characteristics,and threats and challenges,were analyzed,along with the program’s prospects.Design/Approach/Methods:This study analyzed relevant textual materials and policy documents dating back to the time of hosting of China's EYMEP,as well as conducted various specific interviews and field trips.Findings:The exploration of China's high-level medical talent training has been conducted over a century.EYMEP can be divided into five periods:the Only Host Period,the Duplication Pilot Host Period,the Expansion Period,the Joint Exploration Period,and the In-Depth Promotion Period.Currently,there are 14 universities and institutes hosting the EYMEP approved by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.However,they differ greatly in training ideas and goals,enrollment processes,and training phases.China's EYMEP is faced with some external threats and internal challenges.In the future,China's EYMEP should consider five aspects.Originality/Value:In the new era of the reform and development of China's medical education,a systematic review of the development of EYMEP in China is of great significance to the promotion of high-level medical talent training in China.Meanwhile,the exploration course of China's highlevel medical talent training represented by the EYMEP may be an enlightenment for other countries,especially developing countries like China,in their training of high-level medical talents.
文摘Numerical simulations are carried out for unsteady flow field of certain kind of 3D compressor cascade. Emphasis is laid on vortex shedding and frequency analysis in a compressor cascade. Numerical simulations using unsteady Reynolds-averaged viscous turbulent equations are carried out. The results show that the flows in separated areas and wake areas are characterized as periodic or quasi-periodic vortex shedding and the frequencies of vortex shedding vary with incidences and Mach number. At the same Mach number, the frequency of vortex shedding will decrease as the incidence increases. Yet, the frequency will increase as the Mach number increases at the same incidence. In the same computation case, the frequency of vortex shedding will vary along the span of blade. The frequency is smaller at the middle of the span than that at the hub.
文摘Polymer solar cell （PSC） is a promising photovoltaic technology for clean and renewable energy sources owing to its mechanical flexibility and large-area, low-cost manufacturing compatibility. Significant progress in device per- formance has been made in the recent years through the development of new materials, morphology control in photo-active layer, interface engineering in multi-layer device, and device fabrication processes. However, further improvement in efficiency exceeding 10% in single-junction PSCs remains a daunting challenge for commercial applications owing to the compromise between optical absorption and charge transport in the active layer.
基金National Key Research and Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2019YFA0705900National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22275058,U20A6002,22109046+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2022B1515120008,2022A1515011417Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program,Grant/Award Number:2019ZT08L075。
文摘Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs)due to their simple synthesis.Still,the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of NFREA-based OSCs have large room for improvement.In this work,by merging end group halogenation and side chain engineering,we developed four A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs,which we refer to as EH-4F,C4-4F,EH-4Cl,and C4-4Cl.Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that multiple intermolecular S⋅⋅⋅F interactions between cyclopentadithiophene and 5,6-difluoro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone could cause an unfavorable dimer formation,leading to ineffectiveπ-πstackings in EH-4F and C4-4F,whereas no such dimer was found in EH-4Cl and C4-4Cl after replacing with 5,6-dichloro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone.Moreover,although the shorter n-butyl side chain resulted in a closer molecular packing in C4-4Cl,EH-4Cl(2-ethylhexyl substitution)with proper crystallinity exhibited enhanced face-on orientation in thin film,which is favorable for vertical charge transport and further reducing charge recombination.As a result,a PCE of 13.0%is obtained for EH-4Cl-based OSC with a fill factor of 0.70.This work highlights the importance of molecular packing and orientation control toward future high-performance A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs.
