This study explores the 2D stretching flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a curved surface influenced by a magnetic field and reactions. A steady laminar flow model is created with curvilinear coordinates, considering the...This study explores the 2D stretching flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a curved surface influenced by a magnetic field and reactions. A steady laminar flow model is created with curvilinear coordinates, considering thermal radiation, suction, and magnetic boundary conditions. The nanofluid is made of water with copper and MWCNTs as nanoparticles. The equations are transformed into nonlinear ODEs and solved numerically. The model’s accuracy is confirmed by comparing it with published data. Results show that fluid velocity increases, temperature decreases, and concentration increases with the curvature radius parameter. The hybrid nanofluid is more sensitive to magnetic field changes in velocity, while the nanofluid is more sensitive to magnetic boundary coefficient changes. These insights can optimize heat and mass transfer in industrial processes like chemical reactors and wastewater treatment.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive and degenerative neurological disease characterized by the deterioration of cognitive functions. While a definitive cure and optimal medication to impede disease progressio...Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive and degenerative neurological disease characterized by the deterioration of cognitive functions. While a definitive cure and optimal medication to impede disease progression are currently unavailable, a plethora of studies have highlighted the potential advantages of exercise rehabilitation for managing this condition. Those studies show that exercise rehabilitation can enhance cognitive function and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by AD. Therefore, exercise rehabilitation has been regarded as one of the most important strategies for managing patients with AD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the currently available findings on exercise rehabilitation in patients with AD, with a focus on the exercise types which have shown efficacy when implemented alone or combined with other treatment methods, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying these positive effects. Specifically, we explain how exercise may improve the brain microenvironment and neuronal plasticity. In conclusion, exercise is a cost-effective intervention to enhance cognitive performance and improve quality of life in patients with mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it can potentially become both a physical activity and a tailored intervention. This review may aid the development of more effective and individualized treatment strategies to address the challenges imposed by this debilitating disease, especially in low-and middle-income countries.展开更多
Monitoring agricultural drought using remote sensing data is crucial for precision irrigation in modern agriculture.Utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing,we explored the applicability of an empirical cr...Monitoring agricultural drought using remote sensing data is crucial for precision irrigation in modern agriculture.Utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing,we explored the applicability of an empirical crop water stress index(CWSI)based on canopy temperature and three-dimensional drought indices(TDDI)constructed from surface temperature(T_(s)),air temperature(T_(a))and five vegetation indices(VIs)for monitoring the moisture status of dryland crops.Three machine learning algorithms(random forest regression(RFR),support vector regression,and partial least squares regression)were used to compare the performance of the drought indices for vegetation moisture content(VMC)estimation in sorghum and maize.The main results of the study were as follows:(1)Comparative analysis of the drought indices revealed that T_(s)-T_(a)-normalized difference vegetation index(TDDIn)and T_(s)-T_(a)-enhanced vegetation index(TDDIe)were more strongly correlated with VMC compared with the other indices.The indices exhibited varying sensitivities to VMC under different irrigation regimes;the strongest correlation observed was for the TDDIe index with maize under the fully irrigated treatment(r=-0.93).(2)Regarding spatial and temporal characteristics,the TDDIn,TDDIe and CWSI indices showed minimal differences Over the experimental period,with coefficients of variation were 0.25,0.18 and 0.24,respectively.All three indices were capable of effectively characterizing the moisture distribution in dryland maize and sorghum crops,but the TDDI indices more accurately monitored the spatial distribution of crop moisture after a rainfall or irrigation event.(3)For prediction of the moisture content of single crops,RFR models based on TDDIn and TDDIe estimated VMC most accurately(R^(2)>0.7),and the TDDIn-based model predicted VMC with the highest accuracy when considering multiple-crop samples,with R^(2)and RMSE of 0.62 and 14.26%,respectively.Thus,TDDI proved more effective than the CWSI in estimating crop water content.展开更多
Anthropogenic disturbances are widespread in tropical forests and influence the species composition in the overstory.However,the impacts of historical disturbance on tropical forest overstory recovery are unclear due ...Anthropogenic disturbances are widespread in tropical forests and influence the species composition in the overstory.However,the impacts of historical disturbance on tropical forest overstory recovery are unclear due to a lack of disturbance data,and previous studies have focused on understory species.In this study,the purpose was to deter-mine the influence of historical disturbance on the diver-sity,composition and regeneration of overstory species in present forests.In the 20-ha Xishuangbanna tropical sea-sonal rainforest dynamics plot in southwestern China,the historical disturbance boundaries were delineated based on panchromatic photographs from 1965.Factors that drove species clustering in the overstory layer(DBH≥40 cm)were analyzed and the abundance,richness and composition of these species were compared among different tree groups based on multiple regression tree analysis.The coefficient of variation of the brightness value in historical panchro-matic photographs from 1965 was the primary driver of spe-cies clustering in the overstory layer.The abundance and richness of overstory species throughout the regeneration process were similar,but species composition was always different.Although the proportion of large-seeded and vigorous-sprouting species showed no significant differ-ence between disturbed and undisturbed forests in the tree-let layer(DBH<20 cm),the difference became significant when DBH increased.The findings highlight that historical disturbances have strong legacy effects on functional group composition in the overstory and the recovery of overstory species was multidimensional.Functional group composi-tion can better indicate the dynamics of overstory species replacement during secondary succession.展开更多
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and it is implicated in various diseases,such as liver disease,acute kidney injury,cardiovascular disease,neurodegenerative disease...Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and it is implicated in various diseases,such as liver disease,acute kidney injury,cardiovascular disease,neurodegenerative disease and cancer.Lipid-based reactive oxygen species(ROS),particularly lipid hydroperoxides in the cellular membrane can lead to membrane disruption and cell death mediated by ferroptosis.There are three necessary stages involving in the process of lipid peroxidation regulation in ferroptosis,including the synthesis of membrane phospholipids,initiation of lipid peroxidation and clearance of lipid peroxides.In this review,we summarized the molecular modulation mechanisms of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis from the above three stages,as well as various ferroptosis modulators targeting lipid peroxidation,including commonly used products,natural bioactive compounds and selenocompounds.Collectively,these findings suggest the vital role of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis,and targeting lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis is potential to treat ferroptosis-associated diseases.展开更多
Dear Editor,Physical exercise has been shown to be associated with reduced cancer incidence and cancer-associated mortality[1,2],but the underlying mechanisms are obscure.Immunometabolic regulation has emerged as one ...Dear Editor,Physical exercise has been shown to be associated with reduced cancer incidence and cancer-associated mortality[1,2],but the underlying mechanisms are obscure.Immunometabolic regulation has emerged as one of the most prominent mechanisms explaining the effects of exercise on cancer[1,2].Physical exercise primarily lowers blood cholesterol and triglycerides,and protects against cardiovascular diseases[3].However,whether physical exercise can modulate cholesterol metabolism in tumor cells is currently unknown.展开更多
We investigate propagation of dust ion acoustic solitary wave(DIASW)in a multicomponent dusty plasma with adiabatic ions,superthermal electrons,and stationary dust.The reductive perturbation method is employed to deri...We investigate propagation of dust ion acoustic solitary wave(DIASW)in a multicomponent dusty plasma with adiabatic ions,superthermal electrons,and stationary dust.The reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the damped Korteweg-de Vries(DKdV)equation which describes DIASW.The result reveals that the adiabaticity of ions significantly modifies the basic features of the DIASW.The ionization effect makes the solitary wave grow,while collisions reduce the growth rate and even lead to the damping.With the increases in ionization cross sectionΔσ/σ_(0),ion-to-electron density ratioδ_(ie)and superthermal electrons parameterκ,the effect of ionization on DIASW enhances.展开更多
As the volume of healthcare and medical data increases from diverse sources,real-world scenarios involving data sharing and collaboration have certain challenges,including the risk of privacy leakage,difficulty in dat...As the volume of healthcare and medical data increases from diverse sources,real-world scenarios involving data sharing and collaboration have certain challenges,including the risk of privacy leakage,difficulty in data fusion,low reliability of data storage,low effectiveness of data sharing,etc.To guarantee the service quality of data collaboration,this paper presents a privacy-preserving Healthcare and Medical Data Collaboration Service System combining Blockchain with Federated Learning,termed FL-HMChain.This system is composed of three layers:Data extraction and storage,data management,and data application.Focusing on healthcare and medical data,a healthcare and medical blockchain is constructed to realize data storage,transfer,processing,and access with security,real-time,reliability,and integrity.An improved master node selection consensus mechanism is presented to detect and prevent dishonest behavior,ensuring the overall reliability and trustworthiness of the collaborative model training process.Furthermore,healthcare and medical data collaboration services in real-world scenarios have been discussed and developed.To further validate the performance of FL-HMChain,a Convolutional Neural Network-based Federated Learning(FL-CNN-HMChain)model is investigated for medical image identification.This model achieves better performance compared to the baseline Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),having an average improvement of 4.7%on Area Under Curve(AUC)and 7%on Accuracy(ACC),respectively.Furthermore,the probability of privacy leakage can be effectively reduced by the blockchain-based parameter transfer mechanism in federated learning between local and global models.展开更多
●AIM:To establish a classification for congenital cataracts that can facilitate individualized treatment and help identify individuals with a high likelihood of different visual outcomes.●METHODS:Consecutive patient...●AIM:To establish a classification for congenital cataracts that can facilitate individualized treatment and help identify individuals with a high likelihood of different visual outcomes.●METHODS:Consecutive patients diagnosed with congenital cataracts and undergoing surgery between January 2005 and November 2021 were recruited.Data on visual outcomes and the phenotypic characteristics of ocular biometry and the anterior and posterior segments were extracted from the patients’medical records.A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed.The main outcome measure was the identification of distinct clusters of eyes with congenital cataracts.●RESULTS:A total of 164 children(299 eyes)were divided into two clusters based on their ocular features.Cluster 1(96 eyes)had a shorter axial length(mean±SD,19.44±1.68 mm),a low prevalence of macular abnormalities(1.04%),and no retinal abnormalities or posterior cataracts.Cluster 2(203 eyes)had a greater axial length(mean±SD,20.42±2.10 mm)and a higher prevalence of macular abnormalities(8.37%),retinal abnormalities(98.52%),and posterior cataracts(4.93%).Compared with the eyes in Cluster 2(57.14%),those in Cluster 1(71.88%)had a 2.2 times higher chance of good best-corrected visual acuity[<0.7 logMAR;OR(95%CI),2.20(1.25–3.81);P=0.006].●CONCLUSION:This retrospective study categorizes congenital cataracts into two distinct clusters,each associated with a different likelihood of visual outcomes.This innovative classification may enable the personalization and prioritization of early interventions for patients who may gain the greatest benefit,thereby making strides toward precision medicine in the field of congenital cataracts.展开更多
Magnesium and aluminum alloys are widely used in various industries because of their excellent properties,and their reliable connection may increase application of materials.Intermetallic compounds(IMCs)affect the joi...Magnesium and aluminum alloys are widely used in various industries because of their excellent properties,and their reliable connection may increase application of materials.Intermetallic compounds(IMCs)affect the joint performance of Mg/Al.In this study,AZ31 Mg alloy with/without a nickel(Ni)coating layer and 6061 Al alloy were joined by ultrasonic-assisted soldering with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu(SAC)filler.The effects of the Ni coating layer on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al joints were systematically investigated.The Ni coating layer had a significant effect on formation of the Mg_(2)Sn IMC and the mechanical properties of Mg/Al joints.The blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC formed in the Mg/SAC/Al joints without a Ni coating layer.The content of the Mg_(2)Sn IMC increased with increasing soldering temperature,but the joint strength decreased.The joint without a Ni coating layer fractured at the blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC in the solder,and the maximum shear strength was 32.2 MPa.By pre-plating Ni on the Mg substrate,formation of the blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC was inhibited in the soldering temperature range 240–280℃and the joint strength increased.However,when the soldering temperature increased to 310℃,the blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC precipitated again in the solder.Transmission electron microscopy showed that some nano-sized Mg_(2)Sn IMC and the(Cu,Ni)_(6)Sn_(5)phase formed in the Mg(Ni)/SAC/Al joint soldered at 280℃,indicating that the Ni coating layer could no longer prevent diffusion of Mg into the solder when the soldering temperature was higher than 280℃.The maximum shear strength of the Mg(Ni)/SAC/Al joint was 58.2 MPa for a soldering temperature of 280℃,which was 80.7%higher than that of the Mg/SAC/Al joint,and the joint was broken at the Mg(Ni)/SAC interface.Pre-plating Ni is a feasible way to inhibit formation of IMCs when joining dissimilar metals.展开更多
The kagome superconductor CsV_(3)Sb_(5) has attracted widespread attention due to its rich correlated electron states including superconductivity, charge density wave(CDW), nematicity, and pair density wave. Notably, ...The kagome superconductor CsV_(3)Sb_(5) has attracted widespread attention due to its rich correlated electron states including superconductivity, charge density wave(CDW), nematicity, and pair density wave. Notably, the modulation of the intertwined electronic orders by the chemical doping is significant to illuminate the cooperation/competition between multiple phases in kagome superconductors. In this study, we have synthesized a series of tantalum-substituted Cs(V_(1-x)Ta_(x))_(3)Sb_(5) by a modified self-flux method. Electrical transport measurements reveal that CDW is suppressed gradually and becomes undetectable as the doping content of x is over 0.07. Concurrently, the superconductivity is enhanced monotonically from T_(c) ~ 2.8 K at x = 0 to 5.2 K at x = 0.12. Intriguingly, in the absence of CDW, Cs(V_(1-x)Ta_(x))_(3)Sb_(5)(x = 0.12) crystals exhibit a pronounced two-fold symmetry of the in-plane angular-dependent magnetoresistance(AMR) in the superconducting state, indicating the anisotropic superconducting properties in the Cs(V_(1-x)Ta_(x))_(3)Sb_(5). Our findings demonstrate that Cs(V_(1-x)Ta_(x))_(3)Sb_(5) with the non-trivial band topology is an excellent platform to explore the superconductivity mechanism and intertwined electronic orders in quantum materials.展开更多
Topologically nontrivial Fe-based superconductors attract extensive attentions due to their ability of hosting Majorana zero modes(MZMs)which could be used for topological quantum computation.Topological defects such ...Topologically nontrivial Fe-based superconductors attract extensive attentions due to their ability of hosting Majorana zero modes(MZMs)which could be used for topological quantum computation.Topological defects such as vortex lines are required to generate MZMs.Here,we observe the robust edge states along the surface steps of CaKFe_(4)As_(4).Remarkably,the tunneling spectra show a sharp zero-bias peak(ZBP)with multiple integerquantized states at the step edge under zero magnetic field.We propose that the increasing hole doping around step edges may drive the local superconductivity into a state with possible spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking.Consequently,the ZBP can be interpreted as an MZM in an effective vortex in the superconducting topological surface state by proximity to the center of a tri-junction with different superconducting order parameters.Our results provide new insights into the interplay between topology and unconventional superconductivity,and pave a new path to generate MZMs without magnetic field.展开更多
Background Deep convolutional neural networks have garnered considerable attention in numerous machine learning applications,particularly in visual recognition tasks such as image and video analyses.There is a growing...Background Deep convolutional neural networks have garnered considerable attention in numerous machine learning applications,particularly in visual recognition tasks such as image and video analyses.There is a growing interest in applying this technology to diverse applications in medical image analysis.Automated three dimensional Breast Ultrasound is a vital tool for detecting breast cancer,and computer-assisted diagnosis software,developed based on deep learning,can effectively assist radiologists in diagnosis.However,the network model is prone to overfitting during training,owing to challenges such as insufficient training data.This study attempts to solve the problem caused by small datasets and improve model detection performance.Methods We propose a breast cancer detection framework based on deep learning(a transfer learning method based on cross-organ cancer detection)and a contrastive learning method based on breast imaging reporting and data systems(BI-RADS).Results When using cross organ transfer learning and BIRADS based contrastive learning,the average sensitivity of the model increased by a maximum of 16.05%.Conclusion Our experiments have demonstrated that the parameters and experiences of cross-organ cancer detection can be mutually referenced,and contrastive learning method based on BI-RADS can improve the detection performance of the model.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot(DF)is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes.This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with DF occurrence and the role of delayed medical care in a cohort of patients with type...BACKGROUND Diabetic foot(DF)is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes.This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with DF occurrence and the role of delayed medical care in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.AIM To reveal the impact of delayed medical treatment on the development of DF in patients with type 2 diabetes and to establish a predictive model for DF.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,292 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent examination at our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected and divided into the DF group(n=82,DF)and nondiabetic foot group(n=210,NDF).Differential and correlation analyses of demographic indicators,laboratory parameters,and delayed medical treatment were conducted for the two groups.Logistic regression was applied to determine influencing factors.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis was performed,and indicators with good predictive value were selected to establish a combined predictive model.RESULTS The DF group had significantly higher body mass index(BMI)(P<0.001),disease duration(P=0.012),plasma glucose levels(P<0.001),and HbA1c(P<0.001)than the NDF group.The NDF group had significantly higher Acute Thrombosis and Myocardial Infarction Health Service System(ATMHSS)scores(P<0.001)and a significantly lower delayed medical treatment rate(72.38%vs 13.41%,P<0.001).BMI,duration of diabetes,plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,diabetic peripheral neuropathy,and nephropathy were all positively correlated with DF occurrence.ATMHSS scores were negatively correlated with delayed time to seek medical treatment.The logistic regression model revealed that BMI,duration of diabetes,plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and nephropathy,ATMHSS scores,and delayed time to seek medical treatment were influencing factors for DF.ROC analysis indicated that plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,and delayed medical treatment had good predictive value with an area under the curve of 0.933 for the combined predictive model.CONCLUSION Delayed medical treatment significantly affects the probability of DF occurrence in patients with diabetes.Plasma glucose levels,HbA1c levels,and the combined predictive model of delayed medical treatment demonstrate good predictive value.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),with its clinical ad-vantages of less trauma and faster recovery,has become the primary treatment for choledocholithiasis.AIM To investigate the effects ...BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),with its clinical ad-vantages of less trauma and faster recovery,has become the primary treatment for choledocholithiasis.AIM To investigate the effects of different ERCP procedures on the sphincter of Oddi.METHODS The clinical data of 91 patients who underwent ERCP at Yixing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between February 2018 and February 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into endoscopic sphinc-terotomy(EST,n=24)and endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(EPBD,n=67)groups.The duration of operation,pancreatic development,pancreatic sphinc-terotomy,intubation difficulties,stone recurrence,and incidence of reflux cho-langitis and cholecystitis were statistically analyzed in patients with a history of choledocholithiasis,pancreatitis,and Oddi sphincter dysfunction in the EST and EPBD groups.RESULTS Differences in hypertension,diabetes,increased bilirubin,small diameter of the common bile duct,or ampullary diverticulum between the two groups were not significant.Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning sex and age(<60 years).Patients with a history of choledocholithiasis,pancreatitis,and Oddi sphincter dysfunction were higher in the EST group than in the EPBD group.The number of cases of pancreatic development,pancreatic duct sphincterotomy,and difficult intubation were higher in the EST group than in the EPBD group.The number of Oddi’s sphincter manometries,ERCP surgical outcomes,and guidewires entering the pancreatic duct several times in EST group were lower than those in the EPBD group.The numbers of stone recurrences,reflux cholangitis,and cholecystitis were higher in the EST group than in the EPBD group.CONCLUSION In summary,common bile duct stones,pancreatitis history,and multiple guided wire introductions into the pancreatic duct are independent risk factors for EST and EPBD.Based on this evidence,this study can provide actionable insights for clinicians and researchers.展开更多
Congenital melanocytic nevi(CMN) are common skin tumors. Large and specially located nevi cannot be completely removed by surgery, posing the risks of both cosmetic deformities and potential malignancy.Nonsurgical tre...Congenital melanocytic nevi(CMN) are common skin tumors. Large and specially located nevi cannot be completely removed by surgery, posing the risks of both cosmetic deformities and potential malignancy.Nonsurgical treatments, such as laser therapy and physical dermabrasion, can overcome the limitations of surgery;however, the high rate of repigmentation remains an unresolved global challenge. We conducted a self-controlled observational study of a patient with a nevus on the chest. Two areas of the lesion were treated with an Er:YAG laser and 5% imiquimod cream was applied to one of these areas. After nearly 7-months of follow-up, we observed a significant difference in color between the two areas, suggesting that topical imiquimod may inhibit repigmentation and significantly enhance the effectiveness of laser treatment.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)and open cholecystectomy(OC)on cholelithiasis.Methods:92 cases of cholelithiasis patients admitted to the hospital in the past 2 years we...Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)and open cholecystectomy(OC)on cholelithiasis.Methods:92 cases of cholelithiasis patients admitted to the hospital in the past 2 years were selected and grouped by random number table;the observation group was treated with LC;the reference group was treated with OC,and the inflammatory factor and other indexes were compared.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the reference group,and the perioperative indexes were better than that of the reference group(P<0.05).Preoperatively,the C-reactive protein(CRP)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels and immune function indexes of the two groups were compared,and no difference was seen(P>0.05).At 5 days postoperatively,the CRP and IL-1βlevels of the observation group were lower than those of the reference group,and the immune function indicators were higher than those of the reference group(P<0.05).The complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:LC can increase the effective rate of cholelithiasis patients,improve their perioperative indexes,reduce the inflammatory response,protect patients’immune function,and ensure higher surgical safety.展开更多
文摘This study explores the 2D stretching flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a curved surface influenced by a magnetic field and reactions. A steady laminar flow model is created with curvilinear coordinates, considering thermal radiation, suction, and magnetic boundary conditions. The nanofluid is made of water with copper and MWCNTs as nanoparticles. The equations are transformed into nonlinear ODEs and solved numerically. The model’s accuracy is confirmed by comparing it with published data. Results show that fluid velocity increases, temperature decreases, and concentration increases with the curvature radius parameter. The hybrid nanofluid is more sensitive to magnetic field changes in velocity, while the nanofluid is more sensitive to magnetic boundary coefficient changes. These insights can optimize heat and mass transfer in industrial processes like chemical reactors and wastewater treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81971309 (to CY),32170980 (to CY),82260272 (to DL)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,No.20192BAB205078 (to DL)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2022B1515020012 (to CY)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program,Nos.JCYJ20210324123212035 (to CY),RCYX202007141 14644167 (to CY),ZDSYS20220606100801003 (to CY)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive and degenerative neurological disease characterized by the deterioration of cognitive functions. While a definitive cure and optimal medication to impede disease progression are currently unavailable, a plethora of studies have highlighted the potential advantages of exercise rehabilitation for managing this condition. Those studies show that exercise rehabilitation can enhance cognitive function and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by AD. Therefore, exercise rehabilitation has been regarded as one of the most important strategies for managing patients with AD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the currently available findings on exercise rehabilitation in patients with AD, with a focus on the exercise types which have shown efficacy when implemented alone or combined with other treatment methods, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying these positive effects. Specifically, we explain how exercise may improve the brain microenvironment and neuronal plasticity. In conclusion, exercise is a cost-effective intervention to enhance cognitive performance and improve quality of life in patients with mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it can potentially become both a physical activity and a tailored intervention. This review may aid the development of more effective and individualized treatment strategies to address the challenges imposed by this debilitating disease, especially in low-and middle-income countries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1901500/2022YFD1901505)the Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province,China(Qiankehezhongyindi(2023)008)the Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions,China(Qianjiaoji(2023)007)。
文摘Monitoring agricultural drought using remote sensing data is crucial for precision irrigation in modern agriculture.Utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing,we explored the applicability of an empirical crop water stress index(CWSI)based on canopy temperature and three-dimensional drought indices(TDDI)constructed from surface temperature(T_(s)),air temperature(T_(a))and five vegetation indices(VIs)for monitoring the moisture status of dryland crops.Three machine learning algorithms(random forest regression(RFR),support vector regression,and partial least squares regression)were used to compare the performance of the drought indices for vegetation moisture content(VMC)estimation in sorghum and maize.The main results of the study were as follows:(1)Comparative analysis of the drought indices revealed that T_(s)-T_(a)-normalized difference vegetation index(TDDIn)and T_(s)-T_(a)-enhanced vegetation index(TDDIe)were more strongly correlated with VMC compared with the other indices.The indices exhibited varying sensitivities to VMC under different irrigation regimes;the strongest correlation observed was for the TDDIe index with maize under the fully irrigated treatment(r=-0.93).(2)Regarding spatial and temporal characteristics,the TDDIn,TDDIe and CWSI indices showed minimal differences Over the experimental period,with coefficients of variation were 0.25,0.18 and 0.24,respectively.All three indices were capable of effectively characterizing the moisture distribution in dryland maize and sorghum crops,but the TDDI indices more accurately monitored the spatial distribution of crop moisture after a rainfall or irrigation event.(3)For prediction of the moisture content of single crops,RFR models based on TDDIn and TDDIe estimated VMC most accurately(R^(2)>0.7),and the TDDIn-based model predicted VMC with the highest accuracy when considering multiple-crop samples,with R^(2)and RMSE of 0.62 and 14.26%,respectively.Thus,TDDI proved more effective than the CWSI in estimating crop water content.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(Grant No:202301AT070356)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32061123003)+1 种基金the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Province(Grant No.U1902203)the Field Station Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Anthropogenic disturbances are widespread in tropical forests and influence the species composition in the overstory.However,the impacts of historical disturbance on tropical forest overstory recovery are unclear due to a lack of disturbance data,and previous studies have focused on understory species.In this study,the purpose was to deter-mine the influence of historical disturbance on the diver-sity,composition and regeneration of overstory species in present forests.In the 20-ha Xishuangbanna tropical sea-sonal rainforest dynamics plot in southwestern China,the historical disturbance boundaries were delineated based on panchromatic photographs from 1965.Factors that drove species clustering in the overstory layer(DBH≥40 cm)were analyzed and the abundance,richness and composition of these species were compared among different tree groups based on multiple regression tree analysis.The coefficient of variation of the brightness value in historical panchro-matic photographs from 1965 was the primary driver of spe-cies clustering in the overstory layer.The abundance and richness of overstory species throughout the regeneration process were similar,but species composition was always different.Although the proportion of large-seeded and vigorous-sprouting species showed no significant differ-ence between disturbed and undisturbed forests in the tree-let layer(DBH<20 cm),the difference became significant when DBH increased.The findings highlight that historical disturbances have strong legacy effects on functional group composition in the overstory and the recovery of overstory species was multidimensional.Functional group composi-tion can better indicate the dynamics of overstory species replacement during secondary succession.
基金supported by Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20224BAB216091,20224ACB205014)Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Plan Project(GJJ2200420).
文摘Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and it is implicated in various diseases,such as liver disease,acute kidney injury,cardiovascular disease,neurodegenerative disease and cancer.Lipid-based reactive oxygen species(ROS),particularly lipid hydroperoxides in the cellular membrane can lead to membrane disruption and cell death mediated by ferroptosis.There are three necessary stages involving in the process of lipid peroxidation regulation in ferroptosis,including the synthesis of membrane phospholipids,initiation of lipid peroxidation and clearance of lipid peroxides.In this review,we summarized the molecular modulation mechanisms of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis from the above three stages,as well as various ferroptosis modulators targeting lipid peroxidation,including commonly used products,natural bioactive compounds and selenocompounds.Collectively,these findings suggest the vital role of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis,and targeting lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis is potential to treat ferroptosis-associated diseases.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172511)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210068)+4 种基金the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM201612078)the Health Shanghai Initiative Special Fund[Medical-Sports Integration(JKSHZX-2022-02)]the Top Talent Support Program for Young-and Middle-aged People of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission(HB2020003)the Mega-project of Wuxi Commission of Health(Z202216)the High-end Medical Expert Team of the 2019 Taihu Talent Plan(2019-THRCTD-1)
文摘Dear Editor,Physical exercise has been shown to be associated with reduced cancer incidence and cancer-associated mortality[1,2],but the underlying mechanisms are obscure.Immunometabolic regulation has emerged as one of the most prominent mechanisms explaining the effects of exercise on cancer[1,2].Physical exercise primarily lowers blood cholesterol and triglycerides,and protects against cardiovascular diseases[3].However,whether physical exercise can modulate cholesterol metabolism in tumor cells is currently unknown.
基金supported by the Project of Scientific and Technological Innovation Base of Jiangxi Province,China (Grant No.20203CCD46008)the Key R&D Plan of Jiangxi Province,China (Grant No.20223BBH80006)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China (Grant No.20212BAB211025)the Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control (Grant No.20171BCD40005)。
文摘We investigate propagation of dust ion acoustic solitary wave(DIASW)in a multicomponent dusty plasma with adiabatic ions,superthermal electrons,and stationary dust.The reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the damped Korteweg-de Vries(DKdV)equation which describes DIASW.The result reveals that the adiabaticity of ions significantly modifies the basic features of the DIASW.The ionization effect makes the solitary wave grow,while collisions reduce the growth rate and even lead to the damping.With the increases in ionization cross sectionΔσ/σ_(0),ion-to-electron density ratioδ_(ie)and superthermal electrons parameterκ,the effect of ionization on DIASW enhances.
基金We are thankful for the funding support fromthe Science and Technology Projects of the National Archives Administration of China(Grant Number 2022-R-031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Central China Normal University(Grant Number CCNU24CG014).
文摘As the volume of healthcare and medical data increases from diverse sources,real-world scenarios involving data sharing and collaboration have certain challenges,including the risk of privacy leakage,difficulty in data fusion,low reliability of data storage,low effectiveness of data sharing,etc.To guarantee the service quality of data collaboration,this paper presents a privacy-preserving Healthcare and Medical Data Collaboration Service System combining Blockchain with Federated Learning,termed FL-HMChain.This system is composed of three layers:Data extraction and storage,data management,and data application.Focusing on healthcare and medical data,a healthcare and medical blockchain is constructed to realize data storage,transfer,processing,and access with security,real-time,reliability,and integrity.An improved master node selection consensus mechanism is presented to detect and prevent dishonest behavior,ensuring the overall reliability and trustworthiness of the collaborative model training process.Furthermore,healthcare and medical data collaboration services in real-world scenarios have been discussed and developed.To further validate the performance of FL-HMChain,a Convolutional Neural Network-based Federated Learning(FL-CNN-HMChain)model is investigated for medical image identification.This model achieves better performance compared to the baseline Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),having an average improvement of 4.7%on Area Under Curve(AUC)and 7%on Accuracy(ACC),respectively.Furthermore,the probability of privacy leakage can be effectively reduced by the blockchain-based parameter transfer mechanism in federated learning between local and global models.
基金Supported by the Municipal Government and School(Hospital)Joint Funding Programme of Guangzhou(No.2023A03J0174,No.2023A03J0188)the State Key Laboratories’Youth Program of China(No.83000-32030003).
文摘●AIM:To establish a classification for congenital cataracts that can facilitate individualized treatment and help identify individuals with a high likelihood of different visual outcomes.●METHODS:Consecutive patients diagnosed with congenital cataracts and undergoing surgery between January 2005 and November 2021 were recruited.Data on visual outcomes and the phenotypic characteristics of ocular biometry and the anterior and posterior segments were extracted from the patients’medical records.A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed.The main outcome measure was the identification of distinct clusters of eyes with congenital cataracts.●RESULTS:A total of 164 children(299 eyes)were divided into two clusters based on their ocular features.Cluster 1(96 eyes)had a shorter axial length(mean±SD,19.44±1.68 mm),a low prevalence of macular abnormalities(1.04%),and no retinal abnormalities or posterior cataracts.Cluster 2(203 eyes)had a greater axial length(mean±SD,20.42±2.10 mm)and a higher prevalence of macular abnormalities(8.37%),retinal abnormalities(98.52%),and posterior cataracts(4.93%).Compared with the eyes in Cluster 2(57.14%),those in Cluster 1(71.88%)had a 2.2 times higher chance of good best-corrected visual acuity[<0.7 logMAR;OR(95%CI),2.20(1.25–3.81);P=0.006].●CONCLUSION:This retrospective study categorizes congenital cataracts into two distinct clusters,each associated with a different likelihood of visual outcomes.This innovative classification may enable the personalization and prioritization of early interventions for patients who may gain the greatest benefit,thereby making strides toward precision medicine in the field of congenital cataracts.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 52275385 and U2167216)the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(grant number 2022YFG0086)。
文摘Magnesium and aluminum alloys are widely used in various industries because of their excellent properties,and their reliable connection may increase application of materials.Intermetallic compounds(IMCs)affect the joint performance of Mg/Al.In this study,AZ31 Mg alloy with/without a nickel(Ni)coating layer and 6061 Al alloy were joined by ultrasonic-assisted soldering with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu(SAC)filler.The effects of the Ni coating layer on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al joints were systematically investigated.The Ni coating layer had a significant effect on formation of the Mg_(2)Sn IMC and the mechanical properties of Mg/Al joints.The blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC formed in the Mg/SAC/Al joints without a Ni coating layer.The content of the Mg_(2)Sn IMC increased with increasing soldering temperature,but the joint strength decreased.The joint without a Ni coating layer fractured at the blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC in the solder,and the maximum shear strength was 32.2 MPa.By pre-plating Ni on the Mg substrate,formation of the blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC was inhibited in the soldering temperature range 240–280℃and the joint strength increased.However,when the soldering temperature increased to 310℃,the blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC precipitated again in the solder.Transmission electron microscopy showed that some nano-sized Mg_(2)Sn IMC and the(Cu,Ni)_(6)Sn_(5)phase formed in the Mg(Ni)/SAC/Al joint soldered at 280℃,indicating that the Ni coating layer could no longer prevent diffusion of Mg into the solder when the soldering temperature was higher than 280℃.The maximum shear strength of the Mg(Ni)/SAC/Al joint was 58.2 MPa for a soldering temperature of 280℃,which was 80.7%higher than that of the Mg/SAC/Al joint,and the joint was broken at the Mg(Ni)/SAC interface.Pre-plating Ni is a feasible way to inhibit formation of IMCs when joining dissimilar metals.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62488201)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB33030000,ZDBS-SSW-WHC001,YSBR-003,and YSBR-053)Innovation Program of Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302700)。
文摘The kagome superconductor CsV_(3)Sb_(5) has attracted widespread attention due to its rich correlated electron states including superconductivity, charge density wave(CDW), nematicity, and pair density wave. Notably, the modulation of the intertwined electronic orders by the chemical doping is significant to illuminate the cooperation/competition between multiple phases in kagome superconductors. In this study, we have synthesized a series of tantalum-substituted Cs(V_(1-x)Ta_(x))_(3)Sb_(5) by a modified self-flux method. Electrical transport measurements reveal that CDW is suppressed gradually and becomes undetectable as the doping content of x is over 0.07. Concurrently, the superconductivity is enhanced monotonically from T_(c) ~ 2.8 K at x = 0 to 5.2 K at x = 0.12. Intriguingly, in the absence of CDW, Cs(V_(1-x)Ta_(x))_(3)Sb_(5)(x = 0.12) crystals exhibit a pronounced two-fold symmetry of the in-plane angular-dependent magnetoresistance(AMR) in the superconducting state, indicating the anisotropic superconducting properties in the Cs(V_(1-x)Ta_(x))_(3)Sb_(5). Our findings demonstrate that Cs(V_(1-x)Ta_(x))_(3)Sb_(5) with the non-trivial band topology is an excellent platform to explore the superconductivity mechanism and intertwined electronic orders in quantum materials.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0308500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62488201,52072401,11888101,12234016,and 12174317)+4 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YSBR-003)the Innovation Program of Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302700)the New Cornerstone Science Foundationthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M723111)the Fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX20230358)。
文摘Topologically nontrivial Fe-based superconductors attract extensive attentions due to their ability of hosting Majorana zero modes(MZMs)which could be used for topological quantum computation.Topological defects such as vortex lines are required to generate MZMs.Here,we observe the robust edge states along the surface steps of CaKFe_(4)As_(4).Remarkably,the tunneling spectra show a sharp zero-bias peak(ZBP)with multiple integerquantized states at the step edge under zero magnetic field.We propose that the increasing hole doping around step edges may drive the local superconductivity into a state with possible spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking.Consequently,the ZBP can be interpreted as an MZM in an effective vortex in the superconducting topological surface state by proximity to the center of a tri-junction with different superconducting order parameters.Our results provide new insights into the interplay between topology and unconventional superconductivity,and pave a new path to generate MZMs without magnetic field.
基金Macao Polytechnic University Grant(RP/FCSD-01/2022RP/FCA-05/2022)Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao(0105/2022/A).
文摘Background Deep convolutional neural networks have garnered considerable attention in numerous machine learning applications,particularly in visual recognition tasks such as image and video analyses.There is a growing interest in applying this technology to diverse applications in medical image analysis.Automated three dimensional Breast Ultrasound is a vital tool for detecting breast cancer,and computer-assisted diagnosis software,developed based on deep learning,can effectively assist radiologists in diagnosis.However,the network model is prone to overfitting during training,owing to challenges such as insufficient training data.This study attempts to solve the problem caused by small datasets and improve model detection performance.Methods We propose a breast cancer detection framework based on deep learning(a transfer learning method based on cross-organ cancer detection)and a contrastive learning method based on breast imaging reporting and data systems(BI-RADS).Results When using cross organ transfer learning and BIRADS based contrastive learning,the average sensitivity of the model increased by a maximum of 16.05%.Conclusion Our experiments have demonstrated that the parameters and experiences of cross-organ cancer detection can be mutually referenced,and contrastive learning method based on BI-RADS can improve the detection performance of the model.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic foot(DF)is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes.This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with DF occurrence and the role of delayed medical care in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.AIM To reveal the impact of delayed medical treatment on the development of DF in patients with type 2 diabetes and to establish a predictive model for DF.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,292 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent examination at our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected and divided into the DF group(n=82,DF)and nondiabetic foot group(n=210,NDF).Differential and correlation analyses of demographic indicators,laboratory parameters,and delayed medical treatment were conducted for the two groups.Logistic regression was applied to determine influencing factors.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis was performed,and indicators with good predictive value were selected to establish a combined predictive model.RESULTS The DF group had significantly higher body mass index(BMI)(P<0.001),disease duration(P=0.012),plasma glucose levels(P<0.001),and HbA1c(P<0.001)than the NDF group.The NDF group had significantly higher Acute Thrombosis and Myocardial Infarction Health Service System(ATMHSS)scores(P<0.001)and a significantly lower delayed medical treatment rate(72.38%vs 13.41%,P<0.001).BMI,duration of diabetes,plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,diabetic peripheral neuropathy,and nephropathy were all positively correlated with DF occurrence.ATMHSS scores were negatively correlated with delayed time to seek medical treatment.The logistic regression model revealed that BMI,duration of diabetes,plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and nephropathy,ATMHSS scores,and delayed time to seek medical treatment were influencing factors for DF.ROC analysis indicated that plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,and delayed medical treatment had good predictive value with an area under the curve of 0.933 for the combined predictive model.CONCLUSION Delayed medical treatment significantly affects the probability of DF occurrence in patients with diabetes.Plasma glucose levels,HbA1c levels,and the combined predictive model of delayed medical treatment demonstrate good predictive value.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),with its clinical ad-vantages of less trauma and faster recovery,has become the primary treatment for choledocholithiasis.AIM To investigate the effects of different ERCP procedures on the sphincter of Oddi.METHODS The clinical data of 91 patients who underwent ERCP at Yixing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between February 2018 and February 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into endoscopic sphinc-terotomy(EST,n=24)and endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(EPBD,n=67)groups.The duration of operation,pancreatic development,pancreatic sphinc-terotomy,intubation difficulties,stone recurrence,and incidence of reflux cho-langitis and cholecystitis were statistically analyzed in patients with a history of choledocholithiasis,pancreatitis,and Oddi sphincter dysfunction in the EST and EPBD groups.RESULTS Differences in hypertension,diabetes,increased bilirubin,small diameter of the common bile duct,or ampullary diverticulum between the two groups were not significant.Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning sex and age(<60 years).Patients with a history of choledocholithiasis,pancreatitis,and Oddi sphincter dysfunction were higher in the EST group than in the EPBD group.The number of cases of pancreatic development,pancreatic duct sphincterotomy,and difficult intubation were higher in the EST group than in the EPBD group.The number of Oddi’s sphincter manometries,ERCP surgical outcomes,and guidewires entering the pancreatic duct several times in EST group were lower than those in the EPBD group.The numbers of stone recurrences,reflux cholangitis,and cholecystitis were higher in the EST group than in the EPBD group.CONCLUSION In summary,common bile duct stones,pancreatitis history,and multiple guided wire introductions into the pancreatic duct are independent risk factors for EST and EPBD.Based on this evidence,this study can provide actionable insights for clinicians and researchers.
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (grant no. shslczdzk00901)Clinical Research Project of Multi-Disciplinary Team, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
文摘Congenital melanocytic nevi(CMN) are common skin tumors. Large and specially located nevi cannot be completely removed by surgery, posing the risks of both cosmetic deformities and potential malignancy.Nonsurgical treatments, such as laser therapy and physical dermabrasion, can overcome the limitations of surgery;however, the high rate of repigmentation remains an unresolved global challenge. We conducted a self-controlled observational study of a patient with a nevus on the chest. Two areas of the lesion were treated with an Er:YAG laser and 5% imiquimod cream was applied to one of these areas. After nearly 7-months of follow-up, we observed a significant difference in color between the two areas, suggesting that topical imiquimod may inhibit repigmentation and significantly enhance the effectiveness of laser treatment.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)and open cholecystectomy(OC)on cholelithiasis.Methods:92 cases of cholelithiasis patients admitted to the hospital in the past 2 years were selected and grouped by random number table;the observation group was treated with LC;the reference group was treated with OC,and the inflammatory factor and other indexes were compared.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the reference group,and the perioperative indexes were better than that of the reference group(P<0.05).Preoperatively,the C-reactive protein(CRP)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels and immune function indexes of the two groups were compared,and no difference was seen(P>0.05).At 5 days postoperatively,the CRP and IL-1βlevels of the observation group were lower than those of the reference group,and the immune function indicators were higher than those of the reference group(P<0.05).The complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:LC can increase the effective rate of cholelithiasis patients,improve their perioperative indexes,reduce the inflammatory response,protect patients’immune function,and ensure higher surgical safety.
