BACKGROUND Gastric cancer has a high incidence and fatality rate,and surgery is the preferred course of treatment.Nonetheless,patient survival rates are still low,and the incidence of major postoperative complications...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer has a high incidence and fatality rate,and surgery is the preferred course of treatment.Nonetheless,patient survival rates are still low,and the incidence of major postoperative complications cannot be disregarded.The systemic inflammatory response,nutritional level,and coagulation status are key factors affecting the postoperative recovery and prognosis of gastric cancer patients.The systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)and the albumin fibrinogen ratio(AFR)are two valuable comprehensive indicators of the severity and prognosis of systemic inflammation in various medical conditions.AIM To assess the clinical importance and prognostic significance of the SIRI scores and the AFR on early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery.METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics and relevant laboratory indices of 568 gastric cancer patients from January 2018 to December 2019.We calculated and compared two indicators of inflammation and then examined the diagnostic ability of combined SIRI and AFR values for serious early postoperative complications.We scored the patients and categorized them into three groups based on their SIRI and AFR levels.COX analysis was used to compare the three groups of patients the prognostic value of various preoperative SIRI-AFR scores for 5-year overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).RESULTS SIRI-AFR scores were an independent risk factor for prognosis[OS:P=0.004;hazards ratio(HR)=3.134;DFS:P<0.001;HR=3.543]and had the highest diagnostic power(area under the curve:0.779;95%confidence interval:0.737-0.820)for early serious complications in patients with gastric cancer.The tumor-node-metastasis stage(P=0.001),perioperative transfusion(P=0.044),positive carcinoembryonic antigen(P=0.014)findings,and major postoperative complications(P=0.011)were factors associated with prognosis.CONCLUSION Preoperative SIRI and AFR values were significantly associated with early postoperative survival and the occurrence of severe complications in gastric cancer patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND A growing number of clinical examples suggest that coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)appears to have an impact on the treatment of patients with liver cancer compared to the normal population,and the preval...BACKGROUND A growing number of clinical examples suggest that coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)appears to have an impact on the treatment of patients with liver cancer compared to the normal population,and the prevalence of COVID-19 is significantly higher in patients with liver cancer.However,this mechanism of action has not been clarified.Gene sets for COVID-19(GSE180226)and liver cancer(GSE87630)were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.After identifying the common differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of COVID-19 and liver cancer,functional enrichment analysis,protein-protein interaction network construction and scree-ning and analysis of hub genes were performed.Subsequently,the validation of the differential expression of hub genes in the disease was performed and the regulatory network of transcription factors and hub genes was constructed.RESULTS Of 518 common DEGs were obtained by screening for functional analysis.Fifteen hub genes including aurora kinase B,cyclin B2,cell division cycle 20,cell division cycle associated 8,nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1,etc.,were further identified from DEGs using the“cytoHubba”plugin.Functional enrichment analysis of hub genes showed that these hub genes are associated with P53 signalling pathway regulation,cell cycle and other functions,and they may serve as potential molecular markers for COVID-19 and liver cancer.Finally,we selected 10 of the hub genes for in vitro expression validation in liver cancer cells.CONCLUSION Our study reveals a common pathogenesis of liver cancer and COVID-19.These common pathways and key genes may provide new ideas for further mechanistic studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND The pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunitβ(PDHB)gene which regulates energy metabolism is located in mitochondria.However,few studies have elucidated the role and mechanism of PDHB in different cancers.AIM To ...BACKGROUND The pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunitβ(PDHB)gene which regulates energy metabolism is located in mitochondria.However,few studies have elucidated the role and mechanism of PDHB in different cancers.AIM To comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of PDHB was performed based on bioinformatics approaches to explore its tumor diagnostic and prognostic value and tumor immune relevance in cancer.In vitro experiments were performed to examine the biological regulation of PDHB in liver cancer.METHODS Pan-cancer data related to PDHB were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Analysis of the gene expression profiles of PDHB was based on TCGA and Genotype Tissue Expression Dataset databases.Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess the correlation between PDHB expression and survival prognosis in cancer patients.The correlation between PDHB and receiver operating characteristic diagnostic curve,clinicopathological staging,somatic mutation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),microsatellite instability(MSI),DNA methylation,and drug susceptibility in pan-cancer was also analyzed.Various algorithms were used to analyze the correlation between PDHB and immune cell infiltration and tumor chemotaxis environment,as well as the co-expression analysis of PDHB and immune checkpoint(ICP)genes.The expression and functional phenotype of PDHB in single tumor cells were studied by single-cell sequencing,and the functional enrichment analysis of PDHB-related genes was performed.The study also validated the level of mRNA or protein expression of PDHB in several cancers.Finally,in vitro experiments verified the regulatory effect of PDHB on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of liver cancer.RESULTS PDHB was significantly and differently expressed in most cancers.PDHB was significantly associated with prognosis in patients with a wide range of cancers,including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma,kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma,breast invasive carcinoma,and brain lower grade glioma.In some cancers,PDHB expression was clearly associated with gene mutations,clinicopathological stages,and expression of TMB,MSI,and ICP genes.The expression of PDHB was closely related to the infiltration of multiple immune cells in the immune microenvironment and the regulation of tumor chemotaxis environment.In addition,single-cell sequencing results showed that PDHB correlated with different biological phenotypes of multiple cancer single cells.This study further demonstrated that down-regulation of PDHB expression inhibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion functions of hepatoma cells.CONCLUSION As a member of pan-cancer,PDHB may be a novel cancer marker with potential value in diagnosing cancer,predicting prognosis,and in targeted therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND The systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)has been demonstrated to make a significant difference in assessing the prognosis of patients with different solid neoplasms.However,research is needed to ascer...BACKGROUND The systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)has been demonstrated to make a significant difference in assessing the prognosis of patients with different solid neoplasms.However,research is needed to ascertain the accuracy and reliability of applying the SIRI to patients who undergo robotic radical gastric cancer sur-gery.AIM To validate the applicability of the SIRI in assessing the survival of gastric cancer patients and evaluate the clinical contribution of preoperative SIRI levels to predicting long-term tumor outcomes in patients,who received robotic radical gastric cancer surgery.METHODS Initially,an exhaustive retrieval was performed in the PubMed,the Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Scopus databases to identify relevant studies.Subsequently,a meta-analysis was executed on 6 cohort studies iden-tifying the value of the SIRI in assessing the survival of gastric cancer patients.Additionally,the clinical data of 161 patients undergoing robotic radical gastric cancer surgery were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate their clinicopathological characteristics and relevant laboratory indicators.The association between preoperative SIRI levels and 5-year overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)was assessed.RESULTS The findings demonstrated an extensive connection between SIRI values and the outcome of patients with gastric cancer.Preoperative SIRI levels were identified as an independent hazard feature for both OS and DFS among those who received robotic surgery for gastric cancer.SIRI levels in gastric cancer patients were observed to be associated with the presence of comorbidities,T-stage,carcinoembryonic antigen levels,the development of early serious postoperative complications,and the rate of lymph node metastasis.CONCLUSION SIRI values are correlated with adverse in the gastric cancer population and have the potential to be utilized in predicting long-term oncological survival in patients who undergo robotic radical gastric cancer surgery.展开更多
In order to improve the effect of water control and oil stabilization during high water cut period, a mathematical model of five point method well group was established with the high water cut well group of an Oilfiel...In order to improve the effect of water control and oil stabilization during high water cut period, a mathematical model of five point method well group was established with the high water cut well group of an Oilfield as the target area, the variation law of water cut and recovery factor of different injection parameters was analyzed, and the optimization research of injection parameters of polymer enhanced foam flooding was carried out. The results show that the higher the injection rate, the lower the water content curve, and the higher the oil recovery rate. As the foam defoamed when encountering oil, when the injection time was earlier than 80% of water cut, the later the injection time was, the better the oil displacement effect would be. When the injection time was later than 80% of water cut, the later the injection time was, the worse the oil displacement effect would be. The larger the injection volume, the lower the water content curve and the higher the recovery rate. After the injection volume exceeded 0.2 PV, the amplitude of changes in water content and recovery rate slowed down. The optimal injection parameters of profile control agent for high water content well group in Oilfield A were: injection rate of 15 m<sup>3</sup>/d, injection timing of 80% water content, and injection volume of 0.2 PV.展开更多
B and T-lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA)plays an immunosuppressive role by inhibiting T-and B-cell functions.BTLA is associated with a variety of diseases,especially cancer immunity.However,the function of BTLA in various ...B and T-lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA)plays an immunosuppressive role by inhibiting T-and B-cell functions.BTLA is associated with a variety of diseases,especially cancer immunity.However,the function of BTLA in various cancers and its clinical prognostic value have still not been comprehensively analyzed.This study aimed to identify the relationship between BTLA and cancer from the perspectives of differences in BTLA expression,its clinical value,immune infiltration,and the correlation with immune-related genes in various cancers.Data regarding mRNA expression,miRNA expression,lncRNA expression,and clinical data of patients of 33 existing cancers were collected from the TCGA database.Target miRNA of BTLA and the lncRNA that interacts with the target miRNA were obtained from the StarBase database.Based on bioinformatics analysis methods,the relationship between various types of cancers and BTLA was thoroughly investigated,and a competing endogenous RNA network of BTLA,target miRNA,and interacting lncRNA was constructed.The Kaplan-Meier(KM)prognostic analysis of BTLA and target miRNA(has-miR-137)in various types of cancers was completed using the KM plotter.BTLA expression varied in different cancers,with statistical significance in nine cancer types.KM plotter to analyze the overall survival(OS)and regression-free survival prognosis of cancer patients revealed that the BTLA expression was statistically different in the OS of 11 types of cancers out of 21 types of cancers;the OS of 8 type of cancers was also statistically different.Correlation analysis of tumor immune genes revealed a positive correlation of BTLA expression with immunosuppressive gene(CTLA4 and PDCD1)expression.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that BTLA and its co-expressed genes mainly act through biological processes and pathways,including immune response regulation,cell surface receptor signaling pathway,antigen binding,antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway,and leukocyte migration.BTLA has the potential as a prognostic marker for CLL,COAD,NSCLC,and OV and a diagnostic marker for CLL,COAD,and KIRC.BTLA has a close and complex relationship with the occurrence and development of tumors,and cancer immunotherapy for BTLA is worthy of further analysis.展开更多
BACKGROUND The expression of brain cytoplasmic RNA1(BCYRN1)is linked to the clinicopathology and prognosis of several types of cancers,among which hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent types of canc...BACKGROUND The expression of brain cytoplasmic RNA1(BCYRN1)is linked to the clinicopathology and prognosis of several types of cancers,among which hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent types of cancer worldwide.AIM To explore the prognostic value and immunotherapeutic potential of BCYRN1 in HCC by bioinformatics and meta-analysis.METHODS Information was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database.First,the correlation between BCYRN1 expression and prognosis and clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC patients was explored.Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between BCYRN1 and HCC prognosis.Secondly,potential functions and pathways were explored by means of enrichment analysis of differentially-expressed genes.The relationships between BCYRN1 expression and tumor microenvironment,immune cell infiltration,immune checkpoint,drug sensitivity and immunotherapy effect were also investigated.Finally,three major databases were searched and used to conduct a meta-analysis on the relationship between BCYRN1 expression and patient prognosis.RESULTS BCYRN1 expression was significantly higher in HCC compared to normal tissues and was linked to a poor prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics.Enrichment analysis showed that BCYRN1 regulates the extracellular matrix and transmission of signaling molecules,participates in the metabolism of nutrients,such as proteins,and participates in tumor-related pathways.BCYRN1 expression was linked to the tumor microenvironment,immune cell infiltration,drug sensitivity and the efficacy of immunotherapy.Furthermore,the meta-analysis in this study showed that BCYRN1 overexpression was related to a worse outcome in HCC patients.CONCLUSION Overexpression of BCYRN1 relates to poor prognosis and may be a potential prognostic factor and immunotherapeutic target in HCC.展开更多
Cold colorectal tumors are not likely to trigger a robust immune response and tend to suppress the immune response.There may be three reasons.First,the complex tumor microenvironment of cold colorectal cancer(CRC)lead...Cold colorectal tumors are not likely to trigger a robust immune response and tend to suppress the immune response.There may be three reasons.First,the complex tumor microenvironment of cold colorectal cancer(CRC)leads to tolerance and clearance of immunotherapy.Second,the modification and concealment of tumor-specific targets in cold CRC cause immune escape and immune response interruption.Finally,the difference in number and function of immune cell subsets in patients with cold CRC makes them respond poorly to immunotherapy.Therefore,we can only overcome the challenges in immunotherapy of cold CRC through in-depth research and understanding the changes and mechanisms in the above three aspects of cold CRC.展开更多
Fiber screen fractionation of recycled old corrugated container(OCC)pulp and subsequent targeted processing of each fraction can lead to higher fiber quality,more uniform pulp,and increased handsheet strength and surf...Fiber screen fractionation of recycled old corrugated container(OCC)pulp and subsequent targeted processing of each fraction can lead to higher fiber quality,more uniform pulp,and increased handsheet strength and surface smoothness.This pilot-scale study evaluates the benefits of fiber fractionation using a pressure screen prior to low consistency(LC)refining.A 0.81-mm smooth holed screen cylinder is utilized,and two refiner plate patterns are adopted(wide 0.99 km/rev BEL and interim 2.01 km/rev BEL).Here,LC-refined reject fractions are mixed with the created microfibrillated cellulose(MFC),and the mixed pulp and paper qualities are compared with no-MFC OCC pulps.The results indicate that the highest tensile strength of the handsheet is obtained by the addition of MFC to the fractionated refined OCC pulp compared to the unfractionated refined OCC and primary OCC pulps at a given specific energy.Furthermore,the experimental approach adopted in this study can be used to optimize recycled OCC pulping systems.Overall,the results indicate that fractionated LC refining plus MFC addition provides higher pulp and paper qualities and the potential for saving energy to reach the desired tensile strength of the OCC pulp.展开更多
BACKGROUND Conventional Billroth Ⅱ(BⅡ) anastomosis after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(LDG) for gastric cancer(GC) is associated with bile reflux gastritis, and Roux-enY anastomosis is associated with Roux-Y stasi...BACKGROUND Conventional Billroth Ⅱ(BⅡ) anastomosis after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(LDG) for gastric cancer(GC) is associated with bile reflux gastritis, and Roux-enY anastomosis is associated with Roux-Y stasis syndrome(RSS). The uncut Rouxen-Y(URY) gastrojejunostomy reduces these complications by blocking the entry of bile and pancreatic juice into the residual stomach and preserving the impulse originating from the duodenum, while BⅡ with Braun(BB) anastomosis reduces the postoperative biliary reflux without RSS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic URY with BB anastomosis in patients with GC who underwent radical distal gastrectomy.AIM To evaluate the value of URY in patients with GC.METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Database, and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals(VIP) were used to search relevant studies published from January 1994 to August 18, 2021. The following databases were also used in our search: Clinicaltrials.gov, Data Archiving and Networked Services, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal(https://www.who.int/clinical-trials-registry-platform/the-ictrp-search-portal), the reference lists of articles and relevant conference proceedings in August 2021. In addition, we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com). We cited highquality references using its results analysis functionality. The methodological quality of the eligible randomized clinical trials(RCTs) was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and the non-RCTs were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager(Version 5.4).RESULTS Eight studies involving 704 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The incidence of reflux gastritis [odds ratio = 0.07, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.03-0.19, P < 0.00001] was significantly lower in the URY group than in the BB group. The pH of the postoperative gastric fluid was lower in the URY group than in the BB group at 1 d [mean difference(MD) =-2.03, 95%CI:(-2.73)-(-1.32),P < 0.00001] and 3 d [MD =-2.03, 95%CI:(-2.57)-(-2.03), P < 0.00001] after the operation. However,no significant difference in all the intraoperative outcomes was found between the two groups.CONCLUSION This work suggests that URY is superior to BB in gastrointestinal reconstruction after LDG when considering postoperative outcomes.展开更多
A recent genome-wide association study identified a new susceptibility locus for breast cancer, rs2046210, which is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene on ch...A recent genome-wide association study identified a new susceptibility locus for breast cancer, rs2046210, which is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene on chromosome 6q25.1. Given that endometrial cancer shares many risk factors with breast cancer and both are related to estrogen exposure and that rs2046210 is in close proximity to the ESR1 gene, we evaluated the association of SNP rs2046210 with endometrial cancer risk among 953 cases and 947 controls in a population-based, case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China. Logistic regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders. We found that the A allele of rs2046210, linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, was associated with increased but not statistically significant risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.96-1.41 for the GA and AA genotypes compared with the GG genotype); the association was stronger among post-menopausal women (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.00-1.65). The association tended to be stronger among women with higher or longer estrogen exposure than among women with relatively lower or shorter exposure to estrogen. Our study suggests that rs2046210 may play a role in the etiology of endometrial cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings.展开更多
Metallic cobalt was deposited on acetylene black to synthesize a composite Co/C by chemical reduction method.A platinumfree electrocatalyst Co-N/C(800) for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) was synthesized by mixing the ...Metallic cobalt was deposited on acetylene black to synthesize a composite Co/C by chemical reduction method.A platinumfree electrocatalyst Co-N/C(800) for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) was synthesized by mixing the composite Co/C with urea and heat-treating at 800℃.The results from linear sweep voltammograms indicated that the Co-N/C(800) is active to ORR.Theβ-Co and cobalt oxides are not the active site of the catalyst Co-N/C.However,the existence of cobalt facilitated the modification of nitrogen to carbon black and led to the formation of active site of catalyst Co-N/C(800).展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC) is the most prevalent malignancy in the world,especially in China.GC has been postulated to spread via several different routes,including through hematogenous channels,lymphatic vessels,the seeding ...Gastric cancer(GC) is the most prevalent malignancy in the world,especially in China.GC has been postulated to spread via several different routes,including through hematogenous channels,lymphatic vessels,the seeding of peritoneal surfaces,direct extension through the gastric wall,and retrograde extension through the vas deferens or lymphatics.Testicular metastasis is rare.We show here a 53-year-old patient with GC who underwent a radical total gastrectomy approximately 22 mo ago after he presented with a sensation of heaviness and swelling of the right hemiscrotum.The diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma was made after a rightside orchiectomy.We report the first case of testicular metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma in China's Mainland and summarize the clinicopathologic features of the disease based on previously published papers.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,intraoperative radiotherapy(IORT)has been increasingly used for the treatment of rectal cancer.However,the efficacy and safety of IORT for the treatment of rectal cancer are still controvers...BACKGROUND In recent years,intraoperative radiotherapy(IORT)has been increasingly used for the treatment of rectal cancer.However,the efficacy and safety of IORT for the treatment of rectal cancer are still controversial.AIM To evaluate the value of IORT for patients with rectal cancer.METHODS We searched PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science databases,and conference abstracts and included randomized controlled trials and observational studies on IORT vs non-IORT for rectal cancer.Dichotomous variables were evaluated by odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI),hazard ratio(HR)and 95%CI was used as a summary statistic of survival outcomes.Statistical analyses were performed using Stata V.15.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software.RESULTS In this study,3 randomized controlled studies and 12 observational studies were included with a total of 1460 patients,who are mainly residents of Europe,the United States,and Asia.Our results did not show significant differences in 5-year overall survival(HR=0.80,95%CI=0.60-1.06;P=0.126);5-year disease-free survival(HR=0.94,95%CI=0.73-1.22;P=0.650);abscess(OR=1.10,95%CI=0.67-1.80;P=0.713),fistulae(OR=0.79,95%CI=0.33-1.89;P=0.600);wound complication(OR=1.21,95%CI=0.62-2.36;P=0.575);anastomotic leakage(OR=1.09,95%CI=0.59-2.02;P=0.775);and neurogenic bladder dysfunction(OR=0.69,95%CI=0.31-1.55;P=0.369).However,the meta-analysis of 5-year local control was significantly different(OR=3.07,95%CI=1.66-5.66;P=0.000).CONCLUSION The advantage of IORT is mainly reflected in 5-year local control,but it is not statistically significant for 5-year overall survival,5-year disease-free survival,and complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has been increasingly used in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases.However,the efficacy and safety of NAC in the treatment of resectable colorect...BACKGROUND In recent years,neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has been increasingly used in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases.However,the efficacy and safety of NAC in the treatment of resectable colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)are still controversial.AIM To assess the efficacy and application value of NAC in patients with resectable CRLM.METHODS We searched PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library from inception to December 2020 to collect clinical studies comparing NAC with non-NAC.Data processing and statistical analyses were performed using Stata V.15.0 and Review Manager 5.0 software.RESULTS In total,32 studies involving 11236 patients were included in this analysis.We divided the patients into two groups,the NAC group(that received neoadjuvant chemotherapy)and the non-NAC group(that received no neoadjuvant chemotherapy).The meta-analysis outcome showed a statistically significant difference in the 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival between the two groups.The hazard ratio(HR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)were HR=0.49,95%CI:0.39-0.61,P=0.000 and HR=0.4895%CI:0.36-0.63,P=0.000.The duration of surgery in the NAC group was longer than that of the non-NAC group[standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.41,95%CI:0.01-0.82,P=0.044)].The meta-analysis showed that the number of liver metastases in the NAC group was significantly higher than that in the non-NAC group(SMD=0.73,95%CI:0.02-1.43,P=0.043).The lymph node metastasis in the NAC group was significantly higher than that in the non-NAC group(SMD=1.24,95%CI:1.07-1.43,P=0.004).CONCLUSION We found that NAC could improve the long-term prognosis of patients with resectable CRLM.At the same time,the NAC group did not increase the risk of any adverse event compared to the non-NAC group.展开更多
Normal spermatogenic processes require the scrotal temperature to be lower than that of the body as excessive heat affects spermatogenesis in the testes,reduces sperm quality and quantity,and even causes infertility.E...Normal spermatogenic processes require the scrotal temperature to be lower than that of the body as excessive heat affects spermatogenesis in the testes,reduces sperm quality and quantity,and even causes infertility.Endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)is a crucial factor in many pathologies.Although several studies have linked ERS to heat stress,researchers have not yet determined which ERS signaling pathways contribute to heat-induced testicular damage.Melatonin activates antioxidant enzymes,scavenges free radicals,and protects the testes from inflammation;however,few studies have reported on the influence of melatonin on heat-induced testicular damage.Using a murine model of testicular hyperthermia,we observed that heat stress causes both ERS and apoptosis in the testes,especially in the spermatocytes.These observations were confirmed using the mouse spermatocyte cell line GC2,where the Atf6 and Perk signaling pathways were activated during heat stress.Knockout of the above genes effectively reduced spermatocyte damage caused by heat stress.Pretreatment with melatonin alleviated heat-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the Atf6 and Perk signaling pathways.This mitigation was dependent on the melatonin receptors.In vivo experiments verified that melatonin treatment relieved heat-induced testicular damage.In conclusion,our results demonstrated that ATF6 and PERK are important mediators for heat-induced apoptosis,which can be prevented by melatonin treatment.Thus,our study highlights melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent in mammals for subfertility/infertility induced by testicular hyperthermia.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the isolation,extraction,purification,and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo of polysaccharides from four different species of Dendrobiumherbs widely used in Singapore.METHODS To...OBJECTIVE To investigate the isolation,extraction,purification,and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo of polysaccharides from four different species of Dendrobiumherbs widely used in Singapore.METHODS To apply the classic method of water extraction and ethanol precipitation and the gel column chromatography technique,the polysaccharides from four species of Dendrobium herbs(D.moniliforme,D.crystallinum,D.primulinum,D.chrysanthum)were obtained.The polysaccharides were tested first on RAW 264.7 cell line with MTT method to test the effect of polysaccharides on macrophages.The two polysaccharides from D.moniliforme were found to promote proliferation of the cells,and were then tested on mice splenocyte primary cell culture.The same polysaccharides were also injected to female BALB/c mice at various doses for 21 dto see whether they would have affected the organs,especially the livers,spleens and thymuses.RESULTS Out of the 4 Dendrobiumspecies tested,it was found that polysaccharides from D.moniliformeto be most supportive of the proliferation of macrophages in a dose-dependent manner,with increasing effect with the increasing doses used.Polysaccharides from D.chrysanthumand D.crystallinum were also found to act similarly albeit to a lesser extent.The two D.moniliforme polysaccharides were also found to greatly enhance the proliferation of mouse splenocytes in vitro and growth of the spleen in vivo.CONCLUSION The immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo of polysaccharides from four species of Dendrobium herbs were different.Their diverse chemical characters might contribute to their varied bioactivity,which should be further investigated.In addition,it was suggested that the polysaccharides from D.moniliforme could be potential immunostimulants used in the healthcare and food industry.展开更多
BACKGROUND: In patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), besides the space-occupying effect of hematoma, hematomal component also causes the pathological changes of perihematomal region, including the death of neu...BACKGROUND: In patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), besides the space-occupying effect of hematoma, hematomal component also causes the pathological changes of perihematomal region, including the death of neurons and glial cells, vasogenic brain edema, the destruction of blood brain barrier and so on, which are the important factors to influence the prognosis of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to perform further investigation and study on the pathological characteristics of injury and death of brain nerve cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the pathological changes of apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression in perihematomal brain regions in patients with hypertensive ICH (HICH) in different stages of onset, and analyze their relationship. DESIGN: Case-control observation. SETTING: Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology of Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 19 patients with HICH , including 12 male, 7 female, aged (58.3±12.8) ranging from 49 to 78 years, whose mean volume of hemorrhage was (48.6±16.4) mL, were involved . All the cases conformed to the diagnostic criteria of intracerebral hemorrhage formulated in the 4th National Cerebrovascular Diseases Conference and were confirmed by skull CT scanning. Informed consents of operation and specimens were obtained from the patients and relatives. METHODS: ①Patients with HICH who had undergone surgical evacuation of an intracerebral hematoma by traverse temporal lobe approach in the Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital from January 2004 to July 2005 were involved. Nineteen specimens of brain tissue from perihematomal region of HICH patients in different phases served as patient group. Five specimens were obtained from distant regions of patients in the super-early phase as the control group. According to the time from onset to operation, the 19 cases were divided into 3 groups: 6 cases in super-early phase(onset < 8 hours), 8 cases in early phase (onset about 8 to 24 hours) and 5 cases in delayed phase(onset > 24 hours). The brain tissue obtained from distant regions of hematoma was preserved for control group (5 cases). ②All the specimens were subjected to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and Caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining. The change rule of positive cells was observed with image analyzer, and the relationship between apoptotic cells and Caspase-3 positive cells was analyzed. ③ Analysis of variance and t test were used for comprising the difference of measurement data, and liner correlation analysis was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Changes of cell apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression in brain tissue of perihematomal region of HICH patents in different phases. ② Correlation of cell apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression. RESULTS: Cell apoptosis: TUNEL positive cells were hardly or occasionally found in each visual field in the control group, while the number of apoptotic cells in 3 different phases in the patient group was all higher than that of control group, and considerable TUNEL positive cells were found in the super-early stage; The number of TUNEL positive cells reached peak at 8 to 24 hours in early phase, and then declined in delayed phase, but was still higher than that in the super-early phase(F =92.34, P < 0.01). ②Caspase-3 protein expression: Caspase-3 positive cells were hardly seen in each visual field in the control group; Considerable Caspase-3 positive cells were found in the super-early group; The Caspase-3 positive cells were significantly increased and reached the peak in the early-phase, and then declined almost to the same level in delayed phase compared with the super-early phase (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of Caspase-3 positive cells between super-early phase group and delayed phase group, but significant difference among the other groups (F =143.23,P < 0.01). ③ Correlation analysis: There was significantly positive correlation between Caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cell counts (r =0.79,P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: ① A lot of apoptotic cells existed in the brain tissue of perihematomal region. The number of apoptotic cells changes with the time of hemorrhage: it is in rise period and reached peak 24 hours before hemorrhage, but is declined 24 hours later. ② Caspase-3 is involved in the apoptosis after cerebral hemorrhage. It is one of signal transduction pathways of apoptosis, and is closely related to apoptotic degrees after cerebral hemorrhage.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.8236110677Central to guide local scientific and Technological Development,No.ZYYDDFFZZJ-1+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China,No.18JR2RA033Gansu Da Vinci Robot High-End Diagnosis and Treatment Team Construction Project,National Key Research and Development Program,No.2020RCXM076.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer has a high incidence and fatality rate,and surgery is the preferred course of treatment.Nonetheless,patient survival rates are still low,and the incidence of major postoperative complications cannot be disregarded.The systemic inflammatory response,nutritional level,and coagulation status are key factors affecting the postoperative recovery and prognosis of gastric cancer patients.The systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)and the albumin fibrinogen ratio(AFR)are two valuable comprehensive indicators of the severity and prognosis of systemic inflammation in various medical conditions.AIM To assess the clinical importance and prognostic significance of the SIRI scores and the AFR on early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery.METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics and relevant laboratory indices of 568 gastric cancer patients from January 2018 to December 2019.We calculated and compared two indicators of inflammation and then examined the diagnostic ability of combined SIRI and AFR values for serious early postoperative complications.We scored the patients and categorized them into three groups based on their SIRI and AFR levels.COX analysis was used to compare the three groups of patients the prognostic value of various preoperative SIRI-AFR scores for 5-year overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).RESULTS SIRI-AFR scores were an independent risk factor for prognosis[OS:P=0.004;hazards ratio(HR)=3.134;DFS:P<0.001;HR=3.543]and had the highest diagnostic power(area under the curve:0.779;95%confidence interval:0.737-0.820)for early serious complications in patients with gastric cancer.The tumor-node-metastasis stage(P=0.001),perioperative transfusion(P=0.044),positive carcinoembryonic antigen(P=0.014)findings,and major postoperative complications(P=0.011)were factors associated with prognosis.CONCLUSION Preoperative SIRI and AFR values were significantly associated with early postoperative survival and the occurrence of severe complications in gastric cancer patients.
文摘BACKGROUND A growing number of clinical examples suggest that coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)appears to have an impact on the treatment of patients with liver cancer compared to the normal population,and the prevalence of COVID-19 is significantly higher in patients with liver cancer.However,this mechanism of action has not been clarified.Gene sets for COVID-19(GSE180226)and liver cancer(GSE87630)were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.After identifying the common differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of COVID-19 and liver cancer,functional enrichment analysis,protein-protein interaction network construction and scree-ning and analysis of hub genes were performed.Subsequently,the validation of the differential expression of hub genes in the disease was performed and the regulatory network of transcription factors and hub genes was constructed.RESULTS Of 518 common DEGs were obtained by screening for functional analysis.Fifteen hub genes including aurora kinase B,cyclin B2,cell division cycle 20,cell division cycle associated 8,nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1,etc.,were further identified from DEGs using the“cytoHubba”plugin.Functional enrichment analysis of hub genes showed that these hub genes are associated with P53 signalling pathway regulation,cell cycle and other functions,and they may serve as potential molecular markers for COVID-19 and liver cancer.Finally,we selected 10 of the hub genes for in vitro expression validation in liver cancer cells.CONCLUSION Our study reveals a common pathogenesis of liver cancer and COVID-19.These common pathways and key genes may provide new ideas for further mechanistic studies.
基金Supported by The 2021 Central-Guided Local Science and Technology Development FundLanzhou COVID-19 Prevention and Control Technology Research Project,No.2020-XG-1Gansu Province Outstanding Graduate Student"Innovation Star"Project,No.2022CXZX-748,No.2022CXZX-746.
文摘BACKGROUND The pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunitβ(PDHB)gene which regulates energy metabolism is located in mitochondria.However,few studies have elucidated the role and mechanism of PDHB in different cancers.AIM To comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of PDHB was performed based on bioinformatics approaches to explore its tumor diagnostic and prognostic value and tumor immune relevance in cancer.In vitro experiments were performed to examine the biological regulation of PDHB in liver cancer.METHODS Pan-cancer data related to PDHB were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Analysis of the gene expression profiles of PDHB was based on TCGA and Genotype Tissue Expression Dataset databases.Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess the correlation between PDHB expression and survival prognosis in cancer patients.The correlation between PDHB and receiver operating characteristic diagnostic curve,clinicopathological staging,somatic mutation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),microsatellite instability(MSI),DNA methylation,and drug susceptibility in pan-cancer was also analyzed.Various algorithms were used to analyze the correlation between PDHB and immune cell infiltration and tumor chemotaxis environment,as well as the co-expression analysis of PDHB and immune checkpoint(ICP)genes.The expression and functional phenotype of PDHB in single tumor cells were studied by single-cell sequencing,and the functional enrichment analysis of PDHB-related genes was performed.The study also validated the level of mRNA or protein expression of PDHB in several cancers.Finally,in vitro experiments verified the regulatory effect of PDHB on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of liver cancer.RESULTS PDHB was significantly and differently expressed in most cancers.PDHB was significantly associated with prognosis in patients with a wide range of cancers,including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma,kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma,breast invasive carcinoma,and brain lower grade glioma.In some cancers,PDHB expression was clearly associated with gene mutations,clinicopathological stages,and expression of TMB,MSI,and ICP genes.The expression of PDHB was closely related to the infiltration of multiple immune cells in the immune microenvironment and the regulation of tumor chemotaxis environment.In addition,single-cell sequencing results showed that PDHB correlated with different biological phenotypes of multiple cancer single cells.This study further demonstrated that down-regulation of PDHB expression inhibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion functions of hepatoma cells.CONCLUSION As a member of pan-cancer,PDHB may be a novel cancer marker with potential value in diagnosing cancer,predicting prognosis,and in targeted therapy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.8236110677Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.18JR2RA033Gansu Da Vinci Robot High-End Diagnosis and Treatment Team Construction Project,National Key Research and Development Program,No.2020RCXM076.
文摘BACKGROUND The systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)has been demonstrated to make a significant difference in assessing the prognosis of patients with different solid neoplasms.However,research is needed to ascertain the accuracy and reliability of applying the SIRI to patients who undergo robotic radical gastric cancer sur-gery.AIM To validate the applicability of the SIRI in assessing the survival of gastric cancer patients and evaluate the clinical contribution of preoperative SIRI levels to predicting long-term tumor outcomes in patients,who received robotic radical gastric cancer surgery.METHODS Initially,an exhaustive retrieval was performed in the PubMed,the Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Scopus databases to identify relevant studies.Subsequently,a meta-analysis was executed on 6 cohort studies iden-tifying the value of the SIRI in assessing the survival of gastric cancer patients.Additionally,the clinical data of 161 patients undergoing robotic radical gastric cancer surgery were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate their clinicopathological characteristics and relevant laboratory indicators.The association between preoperative SIRI levels and 5-year overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)was assessed.RESULTS The findings demonstrated an extensive connection between SIRI values and the outcome of patients with gastric cancer.Preoperative SIRI levels were identified as an independent hazard feature for both OS and DFS among those who received robotic surgery for gastric cancer.SIRI levels in gastric cancer patients were observed to be associated with the presence of comorbidities,T-stage,carcinoembryonic antigen levels,the development of early serious postoperative complications,and the rate of lymph node metastasis.CONCLUSION SIRI values are correlated with adverse in the gastric cancer population and have the potential to be utilized in predicting long-term oncological survival in patients who undergo robotic radical gastric cancer surgery.
文摘In order to improve the effect of water control and oil stabilization during high water cut period, a mathematical model of five point method well group was established with the high water cut well group of an Oilfield as the target area, the variation law of water cut and recovery factor of different injection parameters was analyzed, and the optimization research of injection parameters of polymer enhanced foam flooding was carried out. The results show that the higher the injection rate, the lower the water content curve, and the higher the oil recovery rate. As the foam defoamed when encountering oil, when the injection time was earlier than 80% of water cut, the later the injection time was, the better the oil displacement effect would be. When the injection time was later than 80% of water cut, the later the injection time was, the worse the oil displacement effect would be. The larger the injection volume, the lower the water content curve and the higher the recovery rate. After the injection volume exceeded 0.2 PV, the amplitude of changes in water content and recovery rate slowed down. The optimal injection parameters of profile control agent for high water content well group in Oilfield A were: injection rate of 15 m<sup>3</sup>/d, injection timing of 80% water content, and injection volume of 0.2 PV.
基金funded by the Central to guide local scientific and Technological Development(ZYYDDFFZZJ-1)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(No.18JR3RA052)+2 种基金Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Task Contract(No.2016-RC-56)Gansu Da Vinci Robot High-End Diagnosis and Treatment Team Construction Project,and Gansu Provincial Youth Science and Technology Fund Program(20JR10RA415)National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFC1311500).
文摘B and T-lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA)plays an immunosuppressive role by inhibiting T-and B-cell functions.BTLA is associated with a variety of diseases,especially cancer immunity.However,the function of BTLA in various cancers and its clinical prognostic value have still not been comprehensively analyzed.This study aimed to identify the relationship between BTLA and cancer from the perspectives of differences in BTLA expression,its clinical value,immune infiltration,and the correlation with immune-related genes in various cancers.Data regarding mRNA expression,miRNA expression,lncRNA expression,and clinical data of patients of 33 existing cancers were collected from the TCGA database.Target miRNA of BTLA and the lncRNA that interacts with the target miRNA were obtained from the StarBase database.Based on bioinformatics analysis methods,the relationship between various types of cancers and BTLA was thoroughly investigated,and a competing endogenous RNA network of BTLA,target miRNA,and interacting lncRNA was constructed.The Kaplan-Meier(KM)prognostic analysis of BTLA and target miRNA(has-miR-137)in various types of cancers was completed using the KM plotter.BTLA expression varied in different cancers,with statistical significance in nine cancer types.KM plotter to analyze the overall survival(OS)and regression-free survival prognosis of cancer patients revealed that the BTLA expression was statistically different in the OS of 11 types of cancers out of 21 types of cancers;the OS of 8 type of cancers was also statistically different.Correlation analysis of tumor immune genes revealed a positive correlation of BTLA expression with immunosuppressive gene(CTLA4 and PDCD1)expression.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that BTLA and its co-expressed genes mainly act through biological processes and pathways,including immune response regulation,cell surface receptor signaling pathway,antigen binding,antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway,and leukocyte migration.BTLA has the potential as a prognostic marker for CLL,COAD,NSCLC,and OV and a diagnostic marker for CLL,COAD,and KIRC.BTLA has a close and complex relationship with the occurrence and development of tumors,and cancer immunotherapy for BTLA is worthy of further analysis.
基金Supported by the 2021 Central-Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund,No.ZYYDDFFZZJ-1Gansu Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Treatment of Surgical Tumors,No.18JR2RA033+2 种基金Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment of National Health Commission,No.2019PT320005Key Talent Project of Gansu Province of the Organization Department of Gansu Provincial Party Committee,No.2020RCXM076Guiding Plan for Scientific and Technological Development of Lanzhou,No.2019-ZD-102.
文摘BACKGROUND The expression of brain cytoplasmic RNA1(BCYRN1)is linked to the clinicopathology and prognosis of several types of cancers,among which hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent types of cancer worldwide.AIM To explore the prognostic value and immunotherapeutic potential of BCYRN1 in HCC by bioinformatics and meta-analysis.METHODS Information was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database.First,the correlation between BCYRN1 expression and prognosis and clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC patients was explored.Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between BCYRN1 and HCC prognosis.Secondly,potential functions and pathways were explored by means of enrichment analysis of differentially-expressed genes.The relationships between BCYRN1 expression and tumor microenvironment,immune cell infiltration,immune checkpoint,drug sensitivity and immunotherapy effect were also investigated.Finally,three major databases were searched and used to conduct a meta-analysis on the relationship between BCYRN1 expression and patient prognosis.RESULTS BCYRN1 expression was significantly higher in HCC compared to normal tissues and was linked to a poor prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics.Enrichment analysis showed that BCYRN1 regulates the extracellular matrix and transmission of signaling molecules,participates in the metabolism of nutrients,such as proteins,and participates in tumor-related pathways.BCYRN1 expression was linked to the tumor microenvironment,immune cell infiltration,drug sensitivity and the efficacy of immunotherapy.Furthermore,the meta-analysis in this study showed that BCYRN1 overexpression was related to a worse outcome in HCC patients.CONCLUSION Overexpression of BCYRN1 relates to poor prognosis and may be a potential prognostic factor and immunotherapeutic target in HCC.
文摘Cold colorectal tumors are not likely to trigger a robust immune response and tend to suppress the immune response.There may be three reasons.First,the complex tumor microenvironment of cold colorectal cancer(CRC)leads to tolerance and clearance of immunotherapy.Second,the modification and concealment of tumor-specific targets in cold CRC cause immune escape and immune response interruption.Finally,the difference in number and function of immune cell subsets in patients with cold CRC makes them respond poorly to immunotherapy.Therefore,we can only overcome the challenges in immunotherapy of cold CRC through in-depth research and understanding the changes and mechanisms in the above three aspects of cold CRC.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2234090).
文摘Fiber screen fractionation of recycled old corrugated container(OCC)pulp and subsequent targeted processing of each fraction can lead to higher fiber quality,more uniform pulp,and increased handsheet strength and surface smoothness.This pilot-scale study evaluates the benefits of fiber fractionation using a pressure screen prior to low consistency(LC)refining.A 0.81-mm smooth holed screen cylinder is utilized,and two refiner plate patterns are adopted(wide 0.99 km/rev BEL and interim 2.01 km/rev BEL).Here,LC-refined reject fractions are mixed with the created microfibrillated cellulose(MFC),and the mixed pulp and paper qualities are compared with no-MFC OCC pulps.The results indicate that the highest tensile strength of the handsheet is obtained by the addition of MFC to the fractionated refined OCC pulp compared to the unfractionated refined OCC and primary OCC pulps at a given specific energy.Furthermore,the experimental approach adopted in this study can be used to optimize recycled OCC pulping systems.Overall,the results indicate that fractionated LC refining plus MFC addition provides higher pulp and paper qualities and the potential for saving energy to reach the desired tensile strength of the OCC pulp.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China,No.18JR3RA052National Scientific Research Project Cultivation Plan of Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital,No.19SYPYA-1+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program,No.2018YFC1311506Gansu Province Da Vinci Robot High End Diagnosis and Treatment Personnel Training Project,No.2020RCXM076.
文摘BACKGROUND Conventional Billroth Ⅱ(BⅡ) anastomosis after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(LDG) for gastric cancer(GC) is associated with bile reflux gastritis, and Roux-enY anastomosis is associated with Roux-Y stasis syndrome(RSS). The uncut Rouxen-Y(URY) gastrojejunostomy reduces these complications by blocking the entry of bile and pancreatic juice into the residual stomach and preserving the impulse originating from the duodenum, while BⅡ with Braun(BB) anastomosis reduces the postoperative biliary reflux without RSS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic URY with BB anastomosis in patients with GC who underwent radical distal gastrectomy.AIM To evaluate the value of URY in patients with GC.METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Database, and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals(VIP) were used to search relevant studies published from January 1994 to August 18, 2021. The following databases were also used in our search: Clinicaltrials.gov, Data Archiving and Networked Services, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal(https://www.who.int/clinical-trials-registry-platform/the-ictrp-search-portal), the reference lists of articles and relevant conference proceedings in August 2021. In addition, we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com). We cited highquality references using its results analysis functionality. The methodological quality of the eligible randomized clinical trials(RCTs) was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and the non-RCTs were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager(Version 5.4).RESULTS Eight studies involving 704 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The incidence of reflux gastritis [odds ratio = 0.07, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.03-0.19, P < 0.00001] was significantly lower in the URY group than in the BB group. The pH of the postoperative gastric fluid was lower in the URY group than in the BB group at 1 d [mean difference(MD) =-2.03, 95%CI:(-2.73)-(-1.32),P < 0.00001] and 3 d [MD =-2.03, 95%CI:(-2.57)-(-2.03), P < 0.00001] after the operation. However,no significant difference in all the intraoperative outcomes was found between the two groups.CONCLUSION This work suggests that URY is superior to BB in gastrointestinal reconstruction after LDG when considering postoperative outcomes.
基金supported in part by the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P30 CA68485)supported by a National Cancer Institute grant (R01 CA92585, PI: Xiao-Ou Shu)
文摘A recent genome-wide association study identified a new susceptibility locus for breast cancer, rs2046210, which is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene on chromosome 6q25.1. Given that endometrial cancer shares many risk factors with breast cancer and both are related to estrogen exposure and that rs2046210 is in close proximity to the ESR1 gene, we evaluated the association of SNP rs2046210 with endometrial cancer risk among 953 cases and 947 controls in a population-based, case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China. Logistic regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders. We found that the A allele of rs2046210, linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, was associated with increased but not statistically significant risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.96-1.41 for the GA and AA genotypes compared with the GG genotype); the association was stronger among post-menopausal women (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.00-1.65). The association tended to be stronger among women with higher or longer estrogen exposure than among women with relatively lower or shorter exposure to estrogen. Our study suggests that rs2046210 may play a role in the etiology of endometrial cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings.
基金funded by the Third Stage Training of"211 Project"(No.S-09103) of ChinaNatural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing(No.CSTC2009BB6213)
文摘Metallic cobalt was deposited on acetylene black to synthesize a composite Co/C by chemical reduction method.A platinumfree electrocatalyst Co-N/C(800) for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) was synthesized by mixing the composite Co/C with urea and heat-treating at 800℃.The results from linear sweep voltammograms indicated that the Co-N/C(800) is active to ORR.Theβ-Co and cobalt oxides are not the active site of the catalyst Co-N/C.However,the existence of cobalt facilitated the modification of nitrogen to carbon black and led to the formation of active site of catalyst Co-N/C(800).
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is the most prevalent malignancy in the world,especially in China.GC has been postulated to spread via several different routes,including through hematogenous channels,lymphatic vessels,the seeding of peritoneal surfaces,direct extension through the gastric wall,and retrograde extension through the vas deferens or lymphatics.Testicular metastasis is rare.We show here a 53-year-old patient with GC who underwent a radical total gastrectomy approximately 22 mo ago after he presented with a sensation of heaviness and swelling of the right hemiscrotum.The diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma was made after a rightside orchiectomy.We report the first case of testicular metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma in China's Mainland and summarize the clinicopathologic features of the disease based on previously published papers.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China,No.18JR3RA052Gansu Province Da Vinci robot high end diagnosis and treatment personnel training project+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program Task Book,No.2018YFC1311506Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Task Contract,No.2016-RC-562019 Graduate Innovation Fund Project,No.2020CX50.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,intraoperative radiotherapy(IORT)has been increasingly used for the treatment of rectal cancer.However,the efficacy and safety of IORT for the treatment of rectal cancer are still controversial.AIM To evaluate the value of IORT for patients with rectal cancer.METHODS We searched PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science databases,and conference abstracts and included randomized controlled trials and observational studies on IORT vs non-IORT for rectal cancer.Dichotomous variables were evaluated by odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI),hazard ratio(HR)and 95%CI was used as a summary statistic of survival outcomes.Statistical analyses were performed using Stata V.15.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software.RESULTS In this study,3 randomized controlled studies and 12 observational studies were included with a total of 1460 patients,who are mainly residents of Europe,the United States,and Asia.Our results did not show significant differences in 5-year overall survival(HR=0.80,95%CI=0.60-1.06;P=0.126);5-year disease-free survival(HR=0.94,95%CI=0.73-1.22;P=0.650);abscess(OR=1.10,95%CI=0.67-1.80;P=0.713),fistulae(OR=0.79,95%CI=0.33-1.89;P=0.600);wound complication(OR=1.21,95%CI=0.62-2.36;P=0.575);anastomotic leakage(OR=1.09,95%CI=0.59-2.02;P=0.775);and neurogenic bladder dysfunction(OR=0.69,95%CI=0.31-1.55;P=0.369).However,the meta-analysis of 5-year local control was significantly different(OR=3.07,95%CI=1.66-5.66;P=0.000).CONCLUSION The advantage of IORT is mainly reflected in 5-year local control,but it is not statistically significant for 5-year overall survival,5-year disease-free survival,and complications.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China,No.18JR3RA052the Gansu Province Da Vinci Robot High End Diagnosis and Treatment Personnel Training Project+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program Task Book,No.2018YFC1311506the Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Task Contract,No.2016-RC-56.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has been increasingly used in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases.However,the efficacy and safety of NAC in the treatment of resectable colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)are still controversial.AIM To assess the efficacy and application value of NAC in patients with resectable CRLM.METHODS We searched PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library from inception to December 2020 to collect clinical studies comparing NAC with non-NAC.Data processing and statistical analyses were performed using Stata V.15.0 and Review Manager 5.0 software.RESULTS In total,32 studies involving 11236 patients were included in this analysis.We divided the patients into two groups,the NAC group(that received neoadjuvant chemotherapy)and the non-NAC group(that received no neoadjuvant chemotherapy).The meta-analysis outcome showed a statistically significant difference in the 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival between the two groups.The hazard ratio(HR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)were HR=0.49,95%CI:0.39-0.61,P=0.000 and HR=0.4895%CI:0.36-0.63,P=0.000.The duration of surgery in the NAC group was longer than that of the non-NAC group[standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.41,95%CI:0.01-0.82,P=0.044)].The meta-analysis showed that the number of liver metastases in the NAC group was significantly higher than that in the non-NAC group(SMD=0.73,95%CI:0.02-1.43,P=0.043).The lymph node metastasis in the NAC group was significantly higher than that in the non-NAC group(SMD=1.24,95%CI:1.07-1.43,P=0.004).CONCLUSION We found that NAC could improve the long-term prognosis of patients with resectable CRLM.At the same time,the NAC group did not increase the risk of any adverse event compared to the non-NAC group.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072815)General Project of the Key R&D Plan of Shaanxi Province(2019NY-091)+1 种基金Program of Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Innovation Team(2019TD-036)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2452020157)。
文摘Normal spermatogenic processes require the scrotal temperature to be lower than that of the body as excessive heat affects spermatogenesis in the testes,reduces sperm quality and quantity,and even causes infertility.Endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)is a crucial factor in many pathologies.Although several studies have linked ERS to heat stress,researchers have not yet determined which ERS signaling pathways contribute to heat-induced testicular damage.Melatonin activates antioxidant enzymes,scavenges free radicals,and protects the testes from inflammation;however,few studies have reported on the influence of melatonin on heat-induced testicular damage.Using a murine model of testicular hyperthermia,we observed that heat stress causes both ERS and apoptosis in the testes,especially in the spermatocytes.These observations were confirmed using the mouse spermatocyte cell line GC2,where the Atf6 and Perk signaling pathways were activated during heat stress.Knockout of the above genes effectively reduced spermatocyte damage caused by heat stress.Pretreatment with melatonin alleviated heat-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the Atf6 and Perk signaling pathways.This mitigation was dependent on the melatonin receptors.In vivo experiments verified that melatonin treatment relieved heat-induced testicular damage.In conclusion,our results demonstrated that ATF6 and PERK are important mediators for heat-induced apoptosis,which can be prevented by melatonin treatment.Thus,our study highlights melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent in mammals for subfertility/infertility induced by testicular hyperthermia.
基金The project supported by The Ministry of Education Translational R&D and Innovation Fund(MOE2012-TIF-1-G-065),Singapore
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the isolation,extraction,purification,and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo of polysaccharides from four different species of Dendrobiumherbs widely used in Singapore.METHODS To apply the classic method of water extraction and ethanol precipitation and the gel column chromatography technique,the polysaccharides from four species of Dendrobium herbs(D.moniliforme,D.crystallinum,D.primulinum,D.chrysanthum)were obtained.The polysaccharides were tested first on RAW 264.7 cell line with MTT method to test the effect of polysaccharides on macrophages.The two polysaccharides from D.moniliforme were found to promote proliferation of the cells,and were then tested on mice splenocyte primary cell culture.The same polysaccharides were also injected to female BALB/c mice at various doses for 21 dto see whether they would have affected the organs,especially the livers,spleens and thymuses.RESULTS Out of the 4 Dendrobiumspecies tested,it was found that polysaccharides from D.moniliformeto be most supportive of the proliferation of macrophages in a dose-dependent manner,with increasing effect with the increasing doses used.Polysaccharides from D.chrysanthumand D.crystallinum were also found to act similarly albeit to a lesser extent.The two D.moniliforme polysaccharides were also found to greatly enhance the proliferation of mouse splenocytes in vitro and growth of the spleen in vivo.CONCLUSION The immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo of polysaccharides from four species of Dendrobium herbs were different.Their diverse chemical characters might contribute to their varied bioactivity,which should be further investigated.In addition,it was suggested that the polysaccharides from D.moniliforme could be potential immunostimulants used in the healthcare and food industry.
文摘BACKGROUND: In patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), besides the space-occupying effect of hematoma, hematomal component also causes the pathological changes of perihematomal region, including the death of neurons and glial cells, vasogenic brain edema, the destruction of blood brain barrier and so on, which are the important factors to influence the prognosis of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to perform further investigation and study on the pathological characteristics of injury and death of brain nerve cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the pathological changes of apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression in perihematomal brain regions in patients with hypertensive ICH (HICH) in different stages of onset, and analyze their relationship. DESIGN: Case-control observation. SETTING: Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology of Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 19 patients with HICH , including 12 male, 7 female, aged (58.3±12.8) ranging from 49 to 78 years, whose mean volume of hemorrhage was (48.6±16.4) mL, were involved . All the cases conformed to the diagnostic criteria of intracerebral hemorrhage formulated in the 4th National Cerebrovascular Diseases Conference and were confirmed by skull CT scanning. Informed consents of operation and specimens were obtained from the patients and relatives. METHODS: ①Patients with HICH who had undergone surgical evacuation of an intracerebral hematoma by traverse temporal lobe approach in the Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital from January 2004 to July 2005 were involved. Nineteen specimens of brain tissue from perihematomal region of HICH patients in different phases served as patient group. Five specimens were obtained from distant regions of patients in the super-early phase as the control group. According to the time from onset to operation, the 19 cases were divided into 3 groups: 6 cases in super-early phase(onset < 8 hours), 8 cases in early phase (onset about 8 to 24 hours) and 5 cases in delayed phase(onset > 24 hours). The brain tissue obtained from distant regions of hematoma was preserved for control group (5 cases). ②All the specimens were subjected to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and Caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining. The change rule of positive cells was observed with image analyzer, and the relationship between apoptotic cells and Caspase-3 positive cells was analyzed. ③ Analysis of variance and t test were used for comprising the difference of measurement data, and liner correlation analysis was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Changes of cell apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression in brain tissue of perihematomal region of HICH patents in different phases. ② Correlation of cell apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression. RESULTS: Cell apoptosis: TUNEL positive cells were hardly or occasionally found in each visual field in the control group, while the number of apoptotic cells in 3 different phases in the patient group was all higher than that of control group, and considerable TUNEL positive cells were found in the super-early stage; The number of TUNEL positive cells reached peak at 8 to 24 hours in early phase, and then declined in delayed phase, but was still higher than that in the super-early phase(F =92.34, P < 0.01). ②Caspase-3 protein expression: Caspase-3 positive cells were hardly seen in each visual field in the control group; Considerable Caspase-3 positive cells were found in the super-early group; The Caspase-3 positive cells were significantly increased and reached the peak in the early-phase, and then declined almost to the same level in delayed phase compared with the super-early phase (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of Caspase-3 positive cells between super-early phase group and delayed phase group, but significant difference among the other groups (F =143.23,P < 0.01). ③ Correlation analysis: There was significantly positive correlation between Caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cell counts (r =0.79,P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: ① A lot of apoptotic cells existed in the brain tissue of perihematomal region. The number of apoptotic cells changes with the time of hemorrhage: it is in rise period and reached peak 24 hours before hemorrhage, but is declined 24 hours later. ② Caspase-3 is involved in the apoptosis after cerebral hemorrhage. It is one of signal transduction pathways of apoptosis, and is closely related to apoptotic degrees after cerebral hemorrhage.
