Lithium-ion thermoelectrochemical cell(LTEC), featuring simultaneous energy conversion and storage, has emerged as promising candidate for low-grade heat harvesting. However, relatively poor thermosensitivity and heat...Lithium-ion thermoelectrochemical cell(LTEC), featuring simultaneous energy conversion and storage, has emerged as promising candidate for low-grade heat harvesting. However, relatively poor thermosensitivity and heat-to-current behavior limit the application of LTECs using LiPF_6 electrolyte. Introducing additives into bulk electrolyte is a reasonable strategy to solve such problem by modifying the solvation structure of electrolyte ions. In this work, we develop a dual-salt electrolyte with fluorosurfactant(FS) additive to achieve high thermopower and durability of LTECs during the conversion of low-grade heat into electricity. The addition of FS induces a unique Li~+ solvation with the aggregated double anions through a crowded electrolyte environment,resulting in an enhanced mobility kinetics of Li~+ as well as boosted thermoelectrochemical performances. By coupling optimized electrolyte with graphite electrode, a high thermopower of 13.8 mV K^(-1) and a normalized output power density of 3.99 mW m^(–2) K^(–2) as well as an outstanding output energy density of 607.96 J m^(-2) can be obtained.These results demonstrate that the optimization of electrolyte by regulating solvation structure will inject new vitality into the construction of thermoelectrochemical devices with attractive properties.展开更多
The solvation structure of Li^(+) in chemical prelithiation reagent plays a key role in improving the low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE) and poor cycle performance of silicon-based materials. Never theless, the che...The solvation structure of Li^(+) in chemical prelithiation reagent plays a key role in improving the low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE) and poor cycle performance of silicon-based materials. Never theless, the chemical prelithiation agent is difficult to dope active Li^(+) in silicon-based anodes because of their low working voltage and sluggish Li^(+) diffusion rate. By selecting the lithium–arene complex reagent with 4-methylbiphenyl as an anion ligand and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as a solvent, the as-prepared micro-sized Si O/C anode can achieve an ICE of nearly 100%. Interestingly, the best prelithium efficiency does not correspond to the lowest redox half-potential(E_(1/2)), and the prelithiation efficiency is determined by the specific influencing factors(E_(1/2), Li^(+) concentration, desolvation energy, and ion diffusion path). In addition, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the ideal prelithiation efficiency can be achieved by choosing appropriate anion ligand and solvent to regulate the solvation structure of Li^(+). Furthermore, the positive effect of prelithiation on cycle performance has been verified by using an in-situ electrochemical dilatometry and solid electrolyte interphase film characterizations.展开更多
Thermal energy is abundantly available in our daily life and industrial production,and especially,low-grade heat is often regarded as a byproduct.Collecting and utilizing this ignored energy by low-cost and simple tec...Thermal energy is abundantly available in our daily life and industrial production,and especially,low-grade heat is often regarded as a byproduct.Collecting and utilizing this ignored energy by low-cost and simple technologies may become a smart countermeasure to relieve the energy crisis.Here,a unique device has been demonstrated to achieve high value-added conversion of low-grade heat by introducing redox-active organic alizarin(AZ)onto N-doped hollow carbon nanofibers(N–HCNF)surface.As-prepared N–HCNF/AZ can deliver a high specific capacitance of 514.3 F g^(-1)(at 1 A g^(-1))and an outstanding rate capability of 60.3%even at 50 A g^(-1).Meanwhile,the assembled symmetric proton capacitor can deliver a high energy density of 28.0 Wh kg^(-1) at 350.0 W kg^(-1) and a maximum power density of 35.0 kW kg^(-1) at 17.0 Wh kg^(-1).Significantly,the thermally chargeable proton capacitors can attain a surprisingly high Seebeck coefficient of 15.3 mV K^(-1) and a power factor of 6.02µW g^(-1).Taking advantage of such high performance,a satisfying open-circuit voltage of 481.0 mV with a temperature difference of 54 K is achieved.This research provides new insights into construction of high value-added energy systems requiring high electrochemical performances.展开更多
Among the various morphologies of carbon-based materials,hollow carbon nanostructures are of particular interest for energy storage.They have been widely investigated as electrode materials in different types of recha...Among the various morphologies of carbon-based materials,hollow carbon nanostructures are of particular interest for energy storage.They have been widely investigated as electrode materials in different types of rechargeable batteries,owing to their high surface areas in association with the high surface-to-volume ratios,controllable pores and pore size distribution,high electrical conductivity,and excellent chemical and mechanical stability,which are beneficial for providing active sites,accelerating electrons/ions transfer,interacting with electrolytes,and giving rise to high specific capacity,rate capability,cycling ability,and overall electrochemical performance.In this overview,we look into the ongoing progresses that are being made with the nanohollow carbon materials,including nanospheres,nanopolyhedrons,and nanofibers,in relation to their applications in the main types of rechargeable batteries.The design and synthesis strategies for them and their electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries,including lithium-ion batteries,sodium-ion batteries,potassium-ion batteries,and lithium–sulfur batteries are comprehensively reviewed and discussed,together with the challenges being faced and perspectives for them.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries attract much interest as energy storage devices for their low cost, high specific capacity, and energy density. However, the insulating properties of sulfur and high solubility of lithium poly...Lithium-sulfur batteries attract much interest as energy storage devices for their low cost, high specific capacity, and energy density. However, the insulating properties of sulfur and high solubility of lithium polysulfides decrease the utilization of active materials by the battery resulting in poor cycling performance. Herein, we design a multifunctional carbon-nanotube paper/titanium-dioxide barrier which effectively reduces active material loss and suppresses the diffusion of lithium polysulfides to the anode, thereby improving the cycling stability of lithium-sulfur batteries. Using this barrier, an activated carbon/sulfur cathode with 70% sulfur content delivers stable cycling performance and high Coulombic efficiency （-99%） over 250 cycles at a current rate of 0.5 C. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the carbon nanotube paper and titanium dioxide, involving the physical barrier, chemical adsorption from the binding formation of Ti-S and S-O, and other interactions unique to the titanium dioxide and sulfur species.展开更多
Porous materials have attracted great attention in energy and environment applications,such as metal organic frameworks(MOFs),metal aerogels,carbon aerogels,porous metal oxides.These materials could be also hybridized...Porous materials have attracted great attention in energy and environment applications,such as metal organic frameworks(MOFs),metal aerogels,carbon aerogels,porous metal oxides.These materials could be also hybridized with other materials into functional composites with superior properties.The high specific area of porous materials offer them the advantage as hosts to conduct catalytic and electrochemical reactions.On one hand,catalytic reactions include photocatalytic,p ho toe lectrocatalytic and electrocatalytic reactions over some gases.On the other hand,they can be used as electrodes in various batteries,such as alkaline metal ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors.So far,both catalysis and batteries are extremely attractive topics.There are also many obstacles to overcome in the exploration of these porous materials.The research related to porous materials for energy and environment applications is at extremely active stage,and this has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ’porous materials for energy and environment applications’.展开更多
Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),consisting of a capacitor-type material and a battery-type material together with organic electrolytes,are the state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage devices compared with superca...Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),consisting of a capacitor-type material and a battery-type material together with organic electrolytes,are the state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage devices compared with supercapacitors and batteries.Owing to their unique characteristics,LICs received a lot of attentions,and great progresses have been achieved,especially in the exploration of cathode and anode materials.Prelithiation techniques are regarded as indispensable procedures for LICs systems,which can compensate for the initial irreversible capacity loss,increase the Li^(+)concentration in the electrolyte,raise the working voltage and resolve the safety and cycle stability issues;however,its research progress is slow,and there is not enough attention until now.In this overview,we look into the ongoing processes on the recent development of prelithiation technologies,especially in organic electrolyte consumption-type LICs.In particular,some prelithiation strategies for LICs are summarized and discussed in detail,including the ex situ electrochemical method,in situ electrochemical method,and cathode prelithiation additives method.Moreover,we propose some unresolved challenges and prospects for prelithiation technologies from the basic research ideas and future key research directions.This work aims to bring up new insights to reassess the significance of premetallation strategies for advanced hybrid-ion capacitors based on the currently proposed prelithiation strategies.展开更多
Hybrid ion capacitors have been considered as a very attractive energy source with high energy density and power density since it combines both merits of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. However,their commer...Hybrid ion capacitors have been considered as a very attractive energy source with high energy density and power density since it combines both merits of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. However,their commercial application has been limited by the mismatch of charge-storage capacity and electrode kinetics between the capacitor-type cathode and battery-type anode. Herein, B and N dual-doped 3D superstructure carbon cathode is prepared through a facile template method. It delivers a high specific capacity, excellent rate capability and good cycling stability due to the B, N dual-doping, which has a profound effect in control the porosity, functional groups, and electronic conductivity for the carbon cathode. The hybrid ion capacitors using B, N dual-doping carbon cathode and prelithiated graphite anode show a high energy density of 115.5 Wh/kg at 250 W/kg and remain about 53.6 Wh/kg even at a high power density of 10 kW/kg. Additionally, the novel hybrid device achieves 76.3% capacity retention after 2000 cycles tested at 1250 W/kg power density. Significantly, the simultaneous manipulation of heteroatoms in carbon materials provides new opportunities to boost the energy and power density for hybrid ion capacitors.展开更多
Currently,the practical application of SiO_(x) still has a huge hindrance in the area of lithium ion battery,because it is unable to achieve an effective contact with surrounding conducting materials,resulting in fail...Currently,the practical application of SiO_(x) still has a huge hindrance in the area of lithium ion battery,because it is unable to achieve an effective contact with surrounding conducting materials,resulting in failure to form lithium ion migration tunnels.In this work,we presented a facile method to synthesize the B-doped SiOx composite by adhering SiO_(x) particles with MWCNT(multi-walled carbon nanotube)under the assistance of lithium metaborate(LiBO_(2)).LiBO_(2),as a sintering aid,not only can react with SiO_(x) to form a compacted framework,but also build a three-dimensional(3D)conductive network for ions transportation.Furthermore,B-SiO_(x)@CNT@LBO anode delivers a remarkable lithium storage performance in terms of long cycles and high rate capability.A full cell coupled with NCM622 cathode achieves a high energy density of 429.5 Wh kg^(-1) based on the total mass of cathode.展开更多
Despite the high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs),their application in rechargeable batteries is still hampered due to insufficient safety.Here,we present a novel flame-retardant solid-state electrolyte...Despite the high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs),their application in rechargeable batteries is still hampered due to insufficient safety.Here,we present a novel flame-retardant solid-state electrolyte based on polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)with nano SiO_(2)aerogel as an inert filler but Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)as an auxiliary component to enhance the ion conductivity.The introduction of SiO_(2)aerogels imparts the polymer electrolyte with exceptional thermal stability and flame retardancy.Simultaneously,the interaction between hydroxyl groups of SiO_(2)particles and PVDF-HFP creates a strong cross-linking structure,enhancing the mechanical strength and stability of the electrolyte.Furthermore,the presence of SiO_(2)aerogel and LLZTO facilitates the dissociation of lithium salts through Lewis acid-base interactions,resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 1.01×10^(−3)S·cm^(−1)and a wide electrochemical window of~5.0 V at room temperature for the prepared electrolytes.Remarkably,the assembled Li|Li cell demonstrates the excellent resistance to lithium dendrite and runs stablly for over 1500 h at a current density of 0.25 mA·cm^(−2).Thus,we prepare a pouch cell with high safety,which can work normally after short-circuiting under the external folding and cutting.展开更多
基金supported by the Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province (BK20220009, BK20202008)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)。
文摘Lithium-ion thermoelectrochemical cell(LTEC), featuring simultaneous energy conversion and storage, has emerged as promising candidate for low-grade heat harvesting. However, relatively poor thermosensitivity and heat-to-current behavior limit the application of LTECs using LiPF_6 electrolyte. Introducing additives into bulk electrolyte is a reasonable strategy to solve such problem by modifying the solvation structure of electrolyte ions. In this work, we develop a dual-salt electrolyte with fluorosurfactant(FS) additive to achieve high thermopower and durability of LTECs during the conversion of low-grade heat into electricity. The addition of FS induces a unique Li~+ solvation with the aggregated double anions through a crowded electrolyte environment,resulting in an enhanced mobility kinetics of Li~+ as well as boosted thermoelectrochemical performances. By coupling optimized electrolyte with graphite electrode, a high thermopower of 13.8 mV K^(-1) and a normalized output power density of 3.99 mW m^(–2) K^(–2) as well as an outstanding output energy density of 607.96 J m^(-2) can be obtained.These results demonstrate that the optimization of electrolyte by regulating solvation structure will inject new vitality into the construction of thermoelectrochemical devices with attractive properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21875107, U1802256, and 22209204)Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province (BK20220009), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20221140)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M713364)Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professors ProgramPriority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)。
文摘The solvation structure of Li^(+) in chemical prelithiation reagent plays a key role in improving the low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE) and poor cycle performance of silicon-based materials. Never theless, the chemical prelithiation agent is difficult to dope active Li^(+) in silicon-based anodes because of their low working voltage and sluggish Li^(+) diffusion rate. By selecting the lithium–arene complex reagent with 4-methylbiphenyl as an anion ligand and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as a solvent, the as-prepared micro-sized Si O/C anode can achieve an ICE of nearly 100%. Interestingly, the best prelithium efficiency does not correspond to the lowest redox half-potential(E_(1/2)), and the prelithiation efficiency is determined by the specific influencing factors(E_(1/2), Li^(+) concentration, desolvation energy, and ion diffusion path). In addition, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the ideal prelithiation efficiency can be achieved by choosing appropriate anion ligand and solvent to regulate the solvation structure of Li^(+). Furthermore, the positive effect of prelithiation on cycle performance has been verified by using an in-situ electrochemical dilatometry and solid electrolyte interphase film characterizations.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1802256,21773118)Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(BK20202008)+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX21_0204)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Thermal energy is abundantly available in our daily life and industrial production,and especially,low-grade heat is often regarded as a byproduct.Collecting and utilizing this ignored energy by low-cost and simple technologies may become a smart countermeasure to relieve the energy crisis.Here,a unique device has been demonstrated to achieve high value-added conversion of low-grade heat by introducing redox-active organic alizarin(AZ)onto N-doped hollow carbon nanofibers(N–HCNF)surface.As-prepared N–HCNF/AZ can deliver a high specific capacitance of 514.3 F g^(-1)(at 1 A g^(-1))and an outstanding rate capability of 60.3%even at 50 A g^(-1).Meanwhile,the assembled symmetric proton capacitor can deliver a high energy density of 28.0 Wh kg^(-1) at 350.0 W kg^(-1) and a maximum power density of 35.0 kW kg^(-1) at 17.0 Wh kg^(-1).Significantly,the thermally chargeable proton capacitors can attain a surprisingly high Seebeck coefficient of 15.3 mV K^(-1) and a power factor of 6.02µW g^(-1).Taking advantage of such high performance,a satisfying open-circuit voltage of 481.0 mV with a temperature difference of 54 K is achieved.This research provides new insights into construction of high value-added energy systems requiring high electrochemical performances.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1802256,51672128,21773118,21875107,51802154)the Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province(BE2018122)+3 种基金Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).Prof.John Wang and team acknowledge the support by MOE,Singapore Ministry of Education(MOE2018-T2-2-095),for research conducted at the National University of SingaporeMr.Jiangmin Jiang would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Funding of Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation in NUAA(BCXJ19-07)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX19_0174)China Scholarship Council(201906830060).
文摘Among the various morphologies of carbon-based materials,hollow carbon nanostructures are of particular interest for energy storage.They have been widely investigated as electrode materials in different types of rechargeable batteries,owing to their high surface areas in association with the high surface-to-volume ratios,controllable pores and pore size distribution,high electrical conductivity,and excellent chemical and mechanical stability,which are beneficial for providing active sites,accelerating electrons/ions transfer,interacting with electrolytes,and giving rise to high specific capacity,rate capability,cycling ability,and overall electrochemical performance.In this overview,we look into the ongoing progresses that are being made with the nanohollow carbon materials,including nanospheres,nanopolyhedrons,and nanofibers,in relation to their applications in the main types of rechargeable batteries.The design and synthesis strategies for them and their electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries,including lithium-ion batteries,sodium-ion batteries,potassium-ion batteries,and lithium–sulfur batteries are comprehensively reviewed and discussed,together with the challenges being faced and perspectives for them.
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries attract much interest as energy storage devices for their low cost, high specific capacity, and energy density. However, the insulating properties of sulfur and high solubility of lithium polysulfides decrease the utilization of active materials by the battery resulting in poor cycling performance. Herein, we design a multifunctional carbon-nanotube paper/titanium-dioxide barrier which effectively reduces active material loss and suppresses the diffusion of lithium polysulfides to the anode, thereby improving the cycling stability of lithium-sulfur batteries. Using this barrier, an activated carbon/sulfur cathode with 70% sulfur content delivers stable cycling performance and high Coulombic efficiency （-99%） over 250 cycles at a current rate of 0.5 C. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the carbon nanotube paper and titanium dioxide, involving the physical barrier, chemical adsorption from the binding formation of Ti-S and S-O, and other interactions unique to the titanium dioxide and sulfur species.
基金financially support by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Project (No. DP200100965)a Griffith University Postdoctoral Fellowship
文摘Porous materials have attracted great attention in energy and environment applications,such as metal organic frameworks(MOFs),metal aerogels,carbon aerogels,porous metal oxides.These materials could be also hybridized with other materials into functional composites with superior properties.The high specific area of porous materials offer them the advantage as hosts to conduct catalytic and electrochemical reactions.On one hand,catalytic reactions include photocatalytic,p ho toe lectrocatalytic and electrocatalytic reactions over some gases.On the other hand,they can be used as electrodes in various batteries,such as alkaline metal ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors.So far,both catalysis and batteries are extremely attractive topics.There are also many obstacles to overcome in the exploration of these porous materials.The research related to porous materials for energy and environment applications is at extremely active stage,and this has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ’porous materials for energy and environment applications’.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1802256,21975283,21773118 and 21875107)the Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province(No.BE2018122)+1 种基金the general research Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization(No.2022KF03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022QN1088)。
文摘Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),consisting of a capacitor-type material and a battery-type material together with organic electrolytes,are the state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage devices compared with supercapacitors and batteries.Owing to their unique characteristics,LICs received a lot of attentions,and great progresses have been achieved,especially in the exploration of cathode and anode materials.Prelithiation techniques are regarded as indispensable procedures for LICs systems,which can compensate for the initial irreversible capacity loss,increase the Li^(+)concentration in the electrolyte,raise the working voltage and resolve the safety and cycle stability issues;however,its research progress is slow,and there is not enough attention until now.In this overview,we look into the ongoing processes on the recent development of prelithiation technologies,especially in organic electrolyte consumption-type LICs.In particular,some prelithiation strategies for LICs are summarized and discussed in detail,including the ex situ electrochemical method,in situ electrochemical method,and cathode prelithiation additives method.Moreover,we propose some unresolved challenges and prospects for prelithiation technologies from the basic research ideas and future key research directions.This work aims to bring up new insights to reassess the significance of premetallation strategies for advanced hybrid-ion capacitors based on the currently proposed prelithiation strategies.
基金financial support from the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (No. 2014CB239701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51372116, 51672128, 21773118)+1 种基金Prospective Joint Research Project of Cooperative Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province (No. BY2015003-7)Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘Hybrid ion capacitors have been considered as a very attractive energy source with high energy density and power density since it combines both merits of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. However,their commercial application has been limited by the mismatch of charge-storage capacity and electrode kinetics between the capacitor-type cathode and battery-type anode. Herein, B and N dual-doped 3D superstructure carbon cathode is prepared through a facile template method. It delivers a high specific capacity, excellent rate capability and good cycling stability due to the B, N dual-doping, which has a profound effect in control the porosity, functional groups, and electronic conductivity for the carbon cathode. The hybrid ion capacitors using B, N dual-doping carbon cathode and prelithiated graphite anode show a high energy density of 115.5 Wh/kg at 250 W/kg and remain about 53.6 Wh/kg even at a high power density of 10 kW/kg. Additionally, the novel hybrid device achieves 76.3% capacity retention after 2000 cycles tested at 1250 W/kg power density. Significantly, the simultaneous manipulation of heteroatoms in carbon materials provides new opportunities to boost the energy and power density for hybrid ion capacitors.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875107,U1802256,51672128,52072173 and 21773118)Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professors Program,Jiangsu Province Outstanding Youth Fund(SBK2020010215)+4 种基金Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(BK20202008)Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province(BE2018122)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170778)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NE2016005)and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)W.H.acknowledges support from Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX20_0192).
文摘Currently,the practical application of SiO_(x) still has a huge hindrance in the area of lithium ion battery,because it is unable to achieve an effective contact with surrounding conducting materials,resulting in failure to form lithium ion migration tunnels.In this work,we presented a facile method to synthesize the B-doped SiOx composite by adhering SiO_(x) particles with MWCNT(multi-walled carbon nanotube)under the assistance of lithium metaborate(LiBO_(2)).LiBO_(2),as a sintering aid,not only can react with SiO_(x) to form a compacted framework,but also build a three-dimensional(3D)conductive network for ions transportation.Furthermore,B-SiO_(x)@CNT@LBO anode delivers a remarkable lithium storage performance in terms of long cycles and high rate capability.A full cell coupled with NCM622 cathode achieves a high energy density of 429.5 Wh kg^(-1) based on the total mass of cathode.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation(No.2022YFE0109400)Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20202008 and BK20220009)Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Despite the high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs),their application in rechargeable batteries is still hampered due to insufficient safety.Here,we present a novel flame-retardant solid-state electrolyte based on polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)with nano SiO_(2)aerogel as an inert filler but Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)as an auxiliary component to enhance the ion conductivity.The introduction of SiO_(2)aerogels imparts the polymer electrolyte with exceptional thermal stability and flame retardancy.Simultaneously,the interaction between hydroxyl groups of SiO_(2)particles and PVDF-HFP creates a strong cross-linking structure,enhancing the mechanical strength and stability of the electrolyte.Furthermore,the presence of SiO_(2)aerogel and LLZTO facilitates the dissociation of lithium salts through Lewis acid-base interactions,resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 1.01×10^(−3)S·cm^(−1)and a wide electrochemical window of~5.0 V at room temperature for the prepared electrolytes.Remarkably,the assembled Li|Li cell demonstrates the excellent resistance to lithium dendrite and runs stablly for over 1500 h at a current density of 0.25 mA·cm^(−2).Thus,we prepare a pouch cell with high safety,which can work normally after short-circuiting under the external folding and cutting.
