The North China Plain is one of the main grain producing areas in China. However, overexploitation has long been unsustainable since the water supply is mainly from groundwater. Since 2014,the South-to-North Water Div...The North China Plain is one of the main grain producing areas in China. However, overexploitation has long been unsustainable since the water supply is mainly from groundwater. Since 2014,the South-to-North Water Diversion Project's central route has been charted to the integrated management of water supply and over-exploitation, which has alleviated the problem to a certain extent. Although the Ministry of Water Resources has made many efforts on groundwater recharge since 2018 most of which have been successful, the recharge has not yet been sufficiently focused on the repair of shallow groundwater depression zones. It still needs further optimization. This paper discusses this particular issue,proposes optimized recharge plan and provides the following recommendations:(1) Seven priority target areas are selected for groundwater recharge in alluvial and proluvial fans in the piedmont plain, and the storage capacity is estimated to be 181.00×10~8 m~3;(2) A recharge of 31.18×10~8 m~3/a is required by 2035 to achieve the repair target;(3) It is proposed to increase the recharge of Hutuo River, Dasha River and Tanghe River to 19.00×10~8 m~3/a and to rehabilitate Gaoliqing-Ningbailong Depression Zone;increase the recharge of Fuyang River, Zhanghe River and Anyang River to 7.05×10~8 m~3/a and rehabilitate Handan Feixiang-Guangping Depression Zone;increase the recharge of Luanhe River by 0.56×10~8 m~3/a and restore Tanghai Depression Zone and Luanan-Leting Depression Zone;moderately reduce the amount of water recharged to North Canal and Yongding River to prevent excessive rebound of groundwater;(4) Recharge through well is implemented on a pilot basis in areas of severe urban ground subsidence and coastal saltwater intrusion;(5) An early warning mechanism for groundwater quality risks in recharge areas is established to ensure the safety. The numerical groundwater flow model also proves reasonable groundwater level restoration in the depression zones by 2035.展开更多
We present the first systematic hydrogeological analysis to grain insights on the evolution of the Gonghe Basin in North China. Two hundred and forty seven water samples were collected from the Gonghe East Basin, Gong...We present the first systematic hydrogeological analysis to grain insights on the evolution of the Gonghe Basin in North China. Two hundred and forty seven water samples were collected from the Gonghe East Basin, Gonghe West Basin and Chaka Basin. The three groundwater systems of Gonghe Basin from west to east display different geochemical signatures. Based on Na/Cl ratios and Langelier-Ludwig diagram, it is inferred that the groundwater recharge potential of the Gonghe East Basin is much prosperous than the other areas. The renewability of the aquifers in alluvial-proluvial fan of Wahonghe and Gonghe East Basin margin is much faster than in the other basins. The groundwater quality in Chaka Salt Lake,Shazhuyu and Qiabuqia River Valley plains is low due to strong evaporation and cation exchange. The groundwater quality of the phreatic aquifers in the Qiabuqia River Valley plain is further deteriorated by mixing of high-arsenic and high-mineralization water from the deep fault structures.展开更多
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP)is the political,economic and cultural center of China,where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic development.Continuous overdraft of the r...The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP)is the political,economic and cultural center of China,where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic development.Continuous overdraft of the resources has caused a persistent decline of groundwater level and formed a huge cone of depression at a regional scale.This paper addresses current groundwater situation over the BTHP area.The paper also delineates the groundwater flow field,using groundwater level data,in order to provide an effective method for the restoration of groundwater level and associated water resources management.Based on the analysis of multiple factors,such as groundwater level,soil salinization,ground subsidence,groundwater recharge and storage,urban underground space security,formation of fractures,and seawater intrusion,the threshold for groundwater level restoration is defined,and some measures for groundwater over-exploitation management are accordingly proposed.The study shows that:(i)Since the 1980s to 2020,shallow groundwater level in the western part of the BTHP area has dropped by 25 m to 60m,while the cumulative decline of deep groundwater in the central and eastern regions is in the range of 40–80 m;(ii)The water table of the shallow groundwater within the depression zone over the Western Piedmont Plain should be controlled in the range of 15–30 m below ground level(mbgl),while the depth of groundwater level in large and medium-sized urban areas should be controlled within 20–30 mbgl.The groundwater level in the resource preservation area should be controlled within 10–15 mbgl,and the groundwater level in the area with identified soil salinization in the central and eastern plain should be controlled within 3–10 mbgl.However,for the deep groundwater in the central and eastern plainwater,the main focus of the resources management is to control the land subsidence.The water level in the severe land subsidence area should be controlled within 45–60 mbgl,and in the general subsidence area should be controlled within 30–45 mbgl;(iii)Based on the water level recovery threshold and proposed groundwater overdraft management program,if the balance of abstraction and recharge is reached in 2025,the shallow groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by about 2×10^(8) m^(3).Meanwhile,the ecological water replenishment of rivers through the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should be increased to 28.58×10^(8) m^(3)/a,and the deep groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by 2.24×10^(8) m^(3).To reach the target of shallow groundwater level in 2040,surface water replacement is recommended with a rate of 25.77×10^(8) m^(3)/a and the ecological water replenishment of rivers in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project should reach 33.51×10^(8) m^(3)/a.For deep groundwater recovery,it is recommended to replace the deep freshwater extraction with the utilization of shallow salt water by 2.82×10^(8) m^(3),in addition to the amount of 7.86×10^(8) m^(3) by water diversion.The results are of great significance to the remediation of groundwater over-exploitation,the regulation of water resources development and utilization,and ecological protection in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei plain.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the phenotypic characteristics and functional capability differences of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the presence or absence o...Objective:To investigate the phenotypic characteristics and functional capability differences of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the presence or absence of vitamin 03.Methods:Mouse bone marrow-derived cells were cultured with GM-CSF(20 ng/mL).Then,one was added with 100 nmol/L of 25(OH)D3,while the other did not.On day 6.5 μg/mL of BCG was added to stimulate the cells for 24 h.On day 7,suspension cells were harvested for phenotypic and functional analyses.Results:The percentages of CD86 dendritic cells(DCs) in the control group and 25(OH)D3 group were 66.97%± 8.29%and 52.18%± 8.52%.respectively;the mean fluorescence intensities of MHC- Ⅱ in the control group and 25(OH)D3 group were 1 102.16 ± 371.02 and 681.62± 292.71.The expression levels of MHC- Ⅱ and CD86 on the surface of the DCs in 25(OH)D3 group were significantly lower than those of the control group.The ability of the DCs to stimulate proliferation of T-lymphocytes was also significantly lower than that of the control group.Conclusions:These findings suggest that 25(OH)D3 modulates the immune response by affecting the maturation and function of DCs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis period.展开更多
BACKGROUND Crossed renal ectopia(CRE)occurs when one kidney crosses the midline from the primary side to the contralateral side while the ureter remains on the primary side.Rectal cancer,one of the most common maligna...BACKGROUND Crossed renal ectopia(CRE)occurs when one kidney crosses the midline from the primary side to the contralateral side while the ureter remains on the primary side.Rectal cancer,one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract,refers to cancer from the dentate line to the rectosigmoid junction.The concurrent presentation of CRE alongside rectal cancer is an uncommon clinical observation.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a 69-year-old male patient with rectal cancer who was diagnosed with CRE via computed tomography during hospitalization.Following thorough preoperative evaluations,the patient underwent Dixon surgery.CONCLUSION We performed laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer and adequate lymph node removal in a patient with CRE with no postoperative discomfort.展开更多
Background:The effect of short-segment decompression/fusion versus long-segment decompression/fusion and osteotomy for Lenke-Silva type Ⅵ adult degenerative scoliosis(ADS)has not been clarified.This study aimed to co...Background:The effect of short-segment decompression/fusion versus long-segment decompression/fusion and osteotomy for Lenke-Silva type Ⅵ adult degenerative scoliosis(ADS)has not been clarified.This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic results of short-segment fusion vs.long-segment fusion and osteotomy for patients with Lenke-Silva type Ⅵ ADS.Methods:Data of 28 patients who underwent spinal surgery for ADS from January 2012 to January 2014 in the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command were reviewed.Of the 28 patients,12 received long-segment fusion and osteotomy and 16 received short-segment fusion.Radiographic imaging parameters and clinical outcomes,including the sagittal vertical axis(SVA),lumbar lordosis(LL)angle,pelvic tilt(PT),sacral slope(SS),the visual analog scale(VAS),Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA),Oswestry disability index(ODI),and lumbar stiffness disability index(LSDI)scores,were recorded.The difference between groups was compared using the dependent t test or Chi-squared test.Results:The Cobb and LL angles and SVA improved in both groups;however,PT and SS angles did not improve following short fusion.There were significant differences in the post-operative SVA(26.8±5.4mm vs.47.5±7.6 mm,t=–8.066,P<0.001),PT(14.7±1.8°vs.29.1±3.4°,t=–13.277,P<0.001),and SS(39.8±7.2°vs.26.1±3.3°,t=6.175,P<0.001)between the long and short fusion groups.All patients had improved ODI,JOA,and VAS scores post-operatively(all P<0.001),with no significant difference between the groups(all P>0.05).The post-operative LSDI score was 3.5±0.5 in the long fusion group,which was significantly higher than that of the short fusion group(1.4±0.7;P<0.001).Conclusions:The clinical outcomes of patients with Lenke-Silva type Ⅵ ADS who underwent short-segment decompression/fusion were comparable to those of patients who underwent long-segment decompression/fusion and osteotomy despite poor correction of sagittal imbalance.Moreover,short-segment decompression/fusion showed a short operation time and reduced surgical trauma.展开更多
基金funded by Geological Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2244214)China Geological Survey Program (DD20190336, DD20221752, DD20230078)+1 种基金Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Basic Research Fund Program (SK202118, SK202216)Hebei Provincial Innovation Capacity Enhancement Program for High-level Talent Team Building (225A4204D)。
文摘The North China Plain is one of the main grain producing areas in China. However, overexploitation has long been unsustainable since the water supply is mainly from groundwater. Since 2014,the South-to-North Water Diversion Project's central route has been charted to the integrated management of water supply and over-exploitation, which has alleviated the problem to a certain extent. Although the Ministry of Water Resources has made many efforts on groundwater recharge since 2018 most of which have been successful, the recharge has not yet been sufficiently focused on the repair of shallow groundwater depression zones. It still needs further optimization. This paper discusses this particular issue,proposes optimized recharge plan and provides the following recommendations:(1) Seven priority target areas are selected for groundwater recharge in alluvial and proluvial fans in the piedmont plain, and the storage capacity is estimated to be 181.00×10~8 m~3;(2) A recharge of 31.18×10~8 m~3/a is required by 2035 to achieve the repair target;(3) It is proposed to increase the recharge of Hutuo River, Dasha River and Tanghe River to 19.00×10~8 m~3/a and to rehabilitate Gaoliqing-Ningbailong Depression Zone;increase the recharge of Fuyang River, Zhanghe River and Anyang River to 7.05×10~8 m~3/a and rehabilitate Handan Feixiang-Guangping Depression Zone;increase the recharge of Luanhe River by 0.56×10~8 m~3/a and restore Tanghai Depression Zone and Luanan-Leting Depression Zone;moderately reduce the amount of water recharged to North Canal and Yongding River to prevent excessive rebound of groundwater;(4) Recharge through well is implemented on a pilot basis in areas of severe urban ground subsidence and coastal saltwater intrusion;(5) An early warning mechanism for groundwater quality risks in recharge areas is established to ensure the safety. The numerical groundwater flow model also proves reasonable groundwater level restoration in the depression zones by 2035.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 41402234 and No. 41372243)the Fundamental Research Funds for Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (No.YYWF201502)
文摘We present the first systematic hydrogeological analysis to grain insights on the evolution of the Gonghe Basin in North China. Two hundred and forty seven water samples were collected from the Gonghe East Basin, Gonghe West Basin and Chaka Basin. The three groundwater systems of Gonghe Basin from west to east display different geochemical signatures. Based on Na/Cl ratios and Langelier-Ludwig diagram, it is inferred that the groundwater recharge potential of the Gonghe East Basin is much prosperous than the other areas. The renewability of the aquifers in alluvial-proluvial fan of Wahonghe and Gonghe East Basin margin is much faster than in the other basins. The groundwater quality in Chaka Salt Lake,Shazhuyu and Qiabuqia River Valley plains is low due to strong evaporation and cation exchange. The groundwater quality of the phreatic aquifers in the Qiabuqia River Valley plain is further deteriorated by mixing of high-arsenic and high-mineralization water from the deep fault structures.
基金funded by Geological survey project of China Geological Survey (DD20190336, DD20221752)。
文摘The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP)is the political,economic and cultural center of China,where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic development.Continuous overdraft of the resources has caused a persistent decline of groundwater level and formed a huge cone of depression at a regional scale.This paper addresses current groundwater situation over the BTHP area.The paper also delineates the groundwater flow field,using groundwater level data,in order to provide an effective method for the restoration of groundwater level and associated water resources management.Based on the analysis of multiple factors,such as groundwater level,soil salinization,ground subsidence,groundwater recharge and storage,urban underground space security,formation of fractures,and seawater intrusion,the threshold for groundwater level restoration is defined,and some measures for groundwater over-exploitation management are accordingly proposed.The study shows that:(i)Since the 1980s to 2020,shallow groundwater level in the western part of the BTHP area has dropped by 25 m to 60m,while the cumulative decline of deep groundwater in the central and eastern regions is in the range of 40–80 m;(ii)The water table of the shallow groundwater within the depression zone over the Western Piedmont Plain should be controlled in the range of 15–30 m below ground level(mbgl),while the depth of groundwater level in large and medium-sized urban areas should be controlled within 20–30 mbgl.The groundwater level in the resource preservation area should be controlled within 10–15 mbgl,and the groundwater level in the area with identified soil salinization in the central and eastern plain should be controlled within 3–10 mbgl.However,for the deep groundwater in the central and eastern plainwater,the main focus of the resources management is to control the land subsidence.The water level in the severe land subsidence area should be controlled within 45–60 mbgl,and in the general subsidence area should be controlled within 30–45 mbgl;(iii)Based on the water level recovery threshold and proposed groundwater overdraft management program,if the balance of abstraction and recharge is reached in 2025,the shallow groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by about 2×10^(8) m^(3).Meanwhile,the ecological water replenishment of rivers through the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should be increased to 28.58×10^(8) m^(3)/a,and the deep groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by 2.24×10^(8) m^(3).To reach the target of shallow groundwater level in 2040,surface water replacement is recommended with a rate of 25.77×10^(8) m^(3)/a and the ecological water replenishment of rivers in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project should reach 33.51×10^(8) m^(3)/a.For deep groundwater recovery,it is recommended to replace the deep freshwater extraction with the utilization of shallow salt water by 2.82×10^(8) m^(3),in addition to the amount of 7.86×10^(8) m^(3) by water diversion.The results are of great significance to the remediation of groundwater over-exploitation,the regulation of water resources development and utilization,and ecological protection in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei plain.
文摘Objective:To investigate the phenotypic characteristics and functional capability differences of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the presence or absence of vitamin 03.Methods:Mouse bone marrow-derived cells were cultured with GM-CSF(20 ng/mL).Then,one was added with 100 nmol/L of 25(OH)D3,while the other did not.On day 6.5 μg/mL of BCG was added to stimulate the cells for 24 h.On day 7,suspension cells were harvested for phenotypic and functional analyses.Results:The percentages of CD86 dendritic cells(DCs) in the control group and 25(OH)D3 group were 66.97%± 8.29%and 52.18%± 8.52%.respectively;the mean fluorescence intensities of MHC- Ⅱ in the control group and 25(OH)D3 group were 1 102.16 ± 371.02 and 681.62± 292.71.The expression levels of MHC- Ⅱ and CD86 on the surface of the DCs in 25(OH)D3 group were significantly lower than those of the control group.The ability of the DCs to stimulate proliferation of T-lymphocytes was also significantly lower than that of the control group.Conclusions:These findings suggest that 25(OH)D3 modulates the immune response by affecting the maturation and function of DCs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis period.
文摘BACKGROUND Crossed renal ectopia(CRE)occurs when one kidney crosses the midline from the primary side to the contralateral side while the ureter remains on the primary side.Rectal cancer,one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract,refers to cancer from the dentate line to the rectosigmoid junction.The concurrent presentation of CRE alongside rectal cancer is an uncommon clinical observation.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a 69-year-old male patient with rectal cancer who was diagnosed with CRE via computed tomography during hospitalization.Following thorough preoperative evaluations,the patient underwent Dixon surgery.CONCLUSION We performed laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer and adequate lymph node removal in a patient with CRE with no postoperative discomfort.
文摘Background:The effect of short-segment decompression/fusion versus long-segment decompression/fusion and osteotomy for Lenke-Silva type Ⅵ adult degenerative scoliosis(ADS)has not been clarified.This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic results of short-segment fusion vs.long-segment fusion and osteotomy for patients with Lenke-Silva type Ⅵ ADS.Methods:Data of 28 patients who underwent spinal surgery for ADS from January 2012 to January 2014 in the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command were reviewed.Of the 28 patients,12 received long-segment fusion and osteotomy and 16 received short-segment fusion.Radiographic imaging parameters and clinical outcomes,including the sagittal vertical axis(SVA),lumbar lordosis(LL)angle,pelvic tilt(PT),sacral slope(SS),the visual analog scale(VAS),Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA),Oswestry disability index(ODI),and lumbar stiffness disability index(LSDI)scores,were recorded.The difference between groups was compared using the dependent t test or Chi-squared test.Results:The Cobb and LL angles and SVA improved in both groups;however,PT and SS angles did not improve following short fusion.There were significant differences in the post-operative SVA(26.8±5.4mm vs.47.5±7.6 mm,t=–8.066,P<0.001),PT(14.7±1.8°vs.29.1±3.4°,t=–13.277,P<0.001),and SS(39.8±7.2°vs.26.1±3.3°,t=6.175,P<0.001)between the long and short fusion groups.All patients had improved ODI,JOA,and VAS scores post-operatively(all P<0.001),with no significant difference between the groups(all P>0.05).The post-operative LSDI score was 3.5±0.5 in the long fusion group,which was significantly higher than that of the short fusion group(1.4±0.7;P<0.001).Conclusions:The clinical outcomes of patients with Lenke-Silva type Ⅵ ADS who underwent short-segment decompression/fusion were comparable to those of patients who underwent long-segment decompression/fusion and osteotomy despite poor correction of sagittal imbalance.Moreover,short-segment decompression/fusion showed a short operation time and reduced surgical trauma.
