The natural rubber planting area in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture accounts for about 30% of rubber planting area in China. At the end of 2013,the rubber planting area in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefectu...The natural rubber planting area in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture accounts for about 30% of rubber planting area in China. At the end of 2013,the rubber planting area in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture was 29. 4 ha,the tapped rubber plantation area was 17. 49 ha,and the dry rubber production was 317000 t. Currently,the production and management level of rubber plantation has declined in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture,the tapping technique is outdated,and the tapping technology management system is difficult to implement. Therefore,some ways can be employed to promote the development of rubber industry such as enhancing the operation and management level of rubber industry,organizing the rubber production team,and developing the new rubber farmers' cooperatives.展开更多
This paper introduces the distribution, membership structure and industrial structure of farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hainan Province, and points out some problems in farmers' specialized cooperatives ...This paper introduces the distribution, membership structure and industrial structure of farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hainan Province, and points out some problems in farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hainan Province, such as small scale, low ability to resist risks, lack of standardization in operation, and generally low quality of cooperative members. Finally the following development strategies are put forth: promoting the large scale and standardized development of farmers' specialized cooperatives; enhancing institutionalized education and training for members; encouraging university graduates to work in the cooperatives; providing conventional credit support to cooperatives; increasing fiscal efficiency to support cooperatives.展开更多
The betel nut planting area and yield in Hainan have reached 94000 ha and 231000 t,respectively.There are some problems in betel nut planting such as dispersed cultivation,irrational planting layout,excessively dense ...The betel nut planting area and yield in Hainan have reached 94000 ha and 231000 t,respectively.There are some problems in betel nut planting such as dispersed cultivation,irrational planting layout,excessively dense planting and serious betel nut yellow leaf disease.For the sustainable development of Hainan betel nut,it is necessary to focus on building the disease-resistant betel nut plantation,so as to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of betel nut yellow leaf disease;transform the low-yield betel nut plantation,and strengthen betel nut production management,in order to improve betel nut yield and promote sustainable development of betel nut industry.展开更多
Hainan's betel nut processing industry continues to develop,and the yield has reached 231000 t. There are some problems in betel nut industry such as unreasonable initial processing layout,processing capacity surp...Hainan's betel nut processing industry continues to develop,and the yield has reached 231000 t. There are some problems in betel nut industry such as unreasonable initial processing layout,processing capacity surplus,and deep processing industry lag. It is suggested that we should guide the initial processing layout of betel nut according to local conditions,and carry out overall deep processing planning of betel nut; support betel nut deep processing plant in the main producing areas,establish betel nut initial processing and deep processing serial production line,and develop new betel nut product; build betel nut production,processing,transport and marketing information database and market information early warning mechanism,and improve betel nut processing information service platform to timely provide information services and continuously develop betel nut industry.展开更多
The world's natural rubber output was 12. 31 million t and the consumption reached 12. 17 million t in 2015. China's natural rubber output was 0. 85 million t and the consumption reached 4. 724 million t in 20...The world's natural rubber output was 12. 31 million t and the consumption reached 12. 17 million t in 2015. China's natural rubber output was 0. 85 million t and the consumption reached 4. 724 million t in 2016. Southeast Asian countries are the main natural rubber producing countries,and ITRC policy affects the natural rubber prices. During 2017-2025,the supply of natural rubber in the world is expected to be abundant to meet downstream demand. Based on natural conditions for rubber planting and production costs,China's rubber production should place emphasis on developing ClassⅠrubber production area,strengthening Class Ⅱ rubber production area and adjusting Class Ⅲ rubber production area. It is recommended to build high-output rubber plantations in Class rubber production area in Xishuangbanna; choose rubber farms with good conditions in Class Ⅱ rubber production area and build high-quality rubber production base as the dedicated production raw material base for aviation rubber; expand the Southeast Asia rubber production belt for development of natural rubber industry.展开更多
Dalbergia odorifera is particularly scarce,and the D. odorifera furniture and commercial raw materials on the market are mainly old furniture and agricultural tools,as well as commercially collected D. odorifera logs....Dalbergia odorifera is particularly scarce,and the D. odorifera furniture and commercial raw materials on the market are mainly old furniture and agricultural tools,as well as commercially collected D. odorifera logs. The logs and high-grade furniture made from D. odorifera are extremely expensive. It takes several decades for D. odorifera to grow into wood. At present,there is only a small area of newly planted and regenerated forest,and the planting area of D. odorifera is about 15 000 ha in Hainan Island,distributed in the low altitude area of Hainan Island. It is suggested that Hainan D. odorifera island should be built through the transformation of low-yielding forest land,the use of wasteland and marginal cultivated land,land around houses,green belt and roadside land for the cultivation of D. odorifera,and the development area can be up to 100 000-150 000 ha. It is necessary to mobilize farmers to revitalize the rural green economy,plant D. odorifera,beautify the environment,and increase the economic resources of rural trees; actively publicize the legal nature and obligation of D. odorifera protection,and create a strong atmosphere for each family to plant and protect D. odorifera.展开更多
This paper firstly introduced the development prospects of natural rubber in Thailand,discussed the general situation of rubber tree planting in Thailand,and analyzed the natural rubber harvested area,per unit area yi...This paper firstly introduced the development prospects of natural rubber in Thailand,discussed the general situation of rubber tree planting in Thailand,and analyzed the natural rubber harvested area,per unit area yield,yield and natural rubber exports in Thailand. The results showed that the annual average natural rubber harvested area in Thailand increased by 1. 21% from 1980 to 1990; the annual natural rubber harvested area increased by 4. 27% from 1991 to 2011; the annual average natural rubber harvested area in 2012-2016 increased by 5. 65% per year; from 1980 to 2004,the per unit area yield of natural rubber in Thailand showed a rising trend,and rubber yield from 2005 to 2016 showed a decline trend; from 1980 to 2016,Thailand's natural rubber yield showed a wave-like rise. In recent years,natural rubber production has changed little. In 2015,the yield fell by 2. 19% compared with 2014,and in 2016 it increased by 0. 22% compared with 2015;from 1981 to 2016,the export volume of natural rubber in Thailand basically showed a trend of rising with large fluctuation. In recent years,the export volume of natural rubber in Thailand accounted for 74%-82% of natural rubber yield in that year. Finally,it is found that the harvested area of natural rubber in Thailand will continue to decline in the next few years,it is difficult to increase the yield,the proportion of natural rubber exports and yield will gradually decline.展开更多
This article describes the distribution,member structure and industrial operation structure of the rubber farmer cooperatives in Hainan Province,and points out some problems in the cooperatives,such as small member sc...This article describes the distribution,member structure and industrial operation structure of the rubber farmer cooperatives in Hainan Province,and points out some problems in the cooperatives,such as small member scale,unbalanced regional development,lack of standardization in operation,and industrial operation structure imbalance. Finally some development strategies are put forward as follows: building large-scale cooperatives; attaching importance to the development of rubber farmer cooperatives,standardizing the cooperatives management, and guiding the adjustment of operating structure of rubber farmer cooperatives; attracting the college graduates to work in the cooperatives.展开更多
This paper gives an overview of the distribution,member scale,production and operation of banana cooperatives in Hainan Province,and points out the market risk and natural risk faced by the production of banana cooper...This paper gives an overview of the distribution,member scale,production and operation of banana cooperatives in Hainan Province,and points out the market risk and natural risk faced by the production of banana cooperatives in Hainan Province. In order to promote the banana cooperatives to form new agricultural management system integrating organization and intensification,this paper puts forth the production and operation recommendations,such as joint production of banana cooperatives,timely planting of banana,brand management,and improvement of production and operation technical level.展开更多
There are state-owned and privately-owned rubber plantations in Malaysia,of which most of them are privately owned. In Malaysia,most rubber gardens are small,and the ratio of small rubber gardens to large rubber plant...There are state-owned and privately-owned rubber plantations in Malaysia,of which most of them are privately owned. In Malaysia,most rubber gardens are small,and the ratio of small rubber gardens to large rubber plantations is approximately 10∶ 1. In Malaysia,the plating area of rubber trees was only 4 200 ha in 1900,1. 30 million ha in 1961,and 1. 07 million ha in 2014. It was the highest in 1978,up to 1. 89 million ha. It was the lowest in 2010,only 1. 02 million ha. The per unit area yield of rubber in Malaysia was 6 074 hg/ha in 1961 and 6 274 hg/ha in 2014. The maximum 10 285 hg/ha appeared in 1987,while the minimum 5 492 hg/ha appeared in 1999. The per unit area yield of rubber in Malaysia fluctuated greatly. Rubber yield in Malaysia was 790 000 t in 1961,and it was the highest in 1988( 1. 66 million t) and the lowest in 2014( 670 000 t).展开更多
The rubber industry in Shanwei Reclamation Area has grown into a leading industry in the reclamation area,but there are some problems in rubber plantations such as wind damage,neglect of supporting construction for sh...The rubber industry in Shanwei Reclamation Area has grown into a leading industry in the reclamation area,but there are some problems in rubber plantations such as wind damage,neglect of supporting construction for shelter forest in the planting plan,and lack of rubber tappers. For the sustainable development of rubber farming,it is necessary to select the appropriate plot to plant rubber based on the habitat requirements of rubber trees; plan the supporting construction shelter forest network in cultivation of rubber trees; build organic rubber plantations,produce high-quality natural rubber and increase the output value of rubber plantations; use new tapping system to reduce tapping labor,improve tapping benefits and increase income of rubber tappers.展开更多
This paper discussed the area and yield of private rubber industry in Mengla County of Yunnan Province. The private rubber industry in Mengla County has such problems as lack of specialized technical personnel,poor te...This paper discussed the area and yield of private rubber industry in Mengla County of Yunnan Province. The private rubber industry in Mengla County has such problems as lack of specialized technical personnel,poor technical training effect,and short production life of rubber trees. Finally,it came up with recommendations,including establishing and improving specialized technical service stations in townships,strengthening specialized technical management organizations,providing specialized technical management personnel,realizing specialization of technical training,and establishing standard rubber farmer cooperatives.展开更多
The paper introduces the present development of farmers' specialized cooperatives in China, points out that although the cooperatives in China develop rapidly, they are generally small and their advantages cannot ...The paper introduces the present development of farmers' specialized cooperatives in China, points out that although the cooperatives in China develop rapidly, they are generally small and their advantages cannot be given into full play, and then analyzes the development achievements of the cooperatives, for example, they have realized scale benefits, their management system tends to more mature, the economic value of their brands is improved and they have created great economic benefits. The paper also points out the stable development path for the cooperatives, that is, the cooperatives should cooperate with local villages, and take a path of combined village and cooperative development so that the cooperative members can get a stable income; the cooperatives can also cooperate with local leading enterprises, which can help the cooperatives to manage, sell and form their products brands, thus the cooperatives can get loans easily to solve the capital bottleneck of cooperative development and improve the members' incomes.展开更多
The development prospects of the world's oil palm industry,as well as the distribution of oil palm production in the world and the overview of oil palm industry in the main producing countries were discussed,and t...The development prospects of the world's oil palm industry,as well as the distribution of oil palm production in the world and the overview of oil palm industry in the main producing countries were discussed,and the harvested area and production of oil palm and the production and import and export of palm oil were analyzed. The results showed that the world's oil palm harvested area showed an increasing trend from 2000 to2016,and the world's oil palm harvested area in 2016 was increased by 103. 18% compared with that in 2000. The world's oil palm fruit production basically increased from 2000 to 2016( only decreased by 1. 45% in 2007 compared to 2006),and the production in 2016 increased by 148. 76%compared with that in 2000. The world's palm oil production increased year by year from 2000 to 2014,and the production 2014 was 157. 89% higher than that in 2000. The world's palm oil import quantity in 2016 increased by 215. 72% compared with that in 2000,and the growth rate exceeded22% every five years. The export quantity of palm oil in 2016 increased by 197. 88% compared with that in 2000,and the growth rate exceeded19% every five years. It is predicted that the world's oil palm harvested area and production will continue to increase in the next five years; the palm oil production will also increase; and the import quantity and export quantity of palm oil will continue to grow. Nigeria has great development potential for oil palm,and its production of oil palm can be increased by updating old oil palm plantations and strengthening management.展开更多
Indonesia began to grow oil palm in small scale in 1911. In 2006,palm oil production ranked first in the world. In 2007,the oil palm harvested area ranked first in the world. In 2009,the output of oil palm fruit ranke...Indonesia began to grow oil palm in small scale in 1911. In 2006,palm oil production ranked first in the world. In 2007,the oil palm harvested area ranked first in the world. In 2009,the output of oil palm fruit ranked first in the world. To further explore the development prospects of the oil palm industry in Indonesia,the development of the oil palm industry in Indonesia is discussed,and the oil palm harvested area and yield and palm oil production in Indonesia are analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the oil palm harvested area in Indonesia showed an increasing trend from 1980 to 2016. During the period from 1980 to 1993,the oil palm harvested area was slowly increasing. In2002-2016,the oil palm harvested area was growing rapidly,and the oil palm harvested area was 9. 33 million ha in 2016. The growth trend of the oil palm fruit production was obvious in 2008-2016,and the oil palm fruit yield was 161. 4 million t in 2016. The palm oil production increased slowly from 1980 to 1999. During the period 2000-2014,the palm oil production increased by a large margin. In 2014,the palm oil production was 29. 28 million t. It is believed that the area of oil palm in Indonesia will continue to expand,and there is a development space of at least 1 500 000 to 2 000 000 ha. The oil palm fruit production and palm oil production in Indonesia will continue to increase in the coming years. Indonesia has unique advantages for the development of oil palm industry,with great potential for development.展开更多
In the 1960 s,Malaysia planted oil palm on a large scale. In the 1970 s,it became the world's largest producer and exporter of palm oil. To further explore the development prospects of the oil palm industry in Mal...In the 1960 s,Malaysia planted oil palm on a large scale. In the 1970 s,it became the world's largest producer and exporter of palm oil. To further explore the development prospects of the oil palm industry in Malaysia,this paper first introduced the development of oil palm in Malaysia,and analyzed the world's share of Malaysian oil palm harvested area,production,yield during 1980 and 2016. The results showed that the oil palm harvested area in Malaysia reached the peak value 5. 23 million ha in 2013; the yield of oil palm fruit reached the peak value98. 34 million t in 2015; the yield of oil palm fruit fluctuated between 14-20 t/ha; the ratio of Malaysian oil palm yield to world oil palm production reached its peak 51. 99% in 1989. Therefore,Malaysia should update the old oil palm plantation. The development of oil palm harvested area and yield has reached the peak value,it is difficult to increase the harvested area. The proportion of Malaysian oil palm industry to the world oil palm industry is constantly declining. In future,the per unit area yield of Malaysian fresh oil palm fruit is expected to reach a new peak,and fresh oil palm fruit will exceed 20 t/ha.展开更多
Through analyzing the harvested area,yield and total production of natural rubber and the exports of dry rubber,the situation of rubber cultivation in Indonesia was studied,and the development prospects of natural rub...Through analyzing the harvested area,yield and total production of natural rubber and the exports of dry rubber,the situation of rubber cultivation in Indonesia was studied,and the development prospects of natural rubber in Indonesia were explored. The results showed that the harvested area of natural rubber in Indonesia showed a wave-like rise from 1980 to 2016. The area harvested in 2000 was increased by47. 06% compared with that in 1980,and the area harvested in 2016 was increased by 6. 43% compared with that in 2008. The yield of natural rubber in Indonesia showed a dynamic trend from 1980 to 2016. It reached the maximum( 993 kg/ha) in 2007 and reached the minimum( 575 kg/ha) in 1982. The total production of natural rubber in Indonesia showed a wave-like rise during 1980-2016. The total production of natural rubber in 2000 was increased by 47. 06% compared with that in 1980,and the total production of natural rubber in 2016 was increased by 110. 67% compared with that in 2000. The export volume of dry natural rubber in Indonesia basically showed a concussive rise from 1980 to 2016. The proportion of export volume in the total production in 2016 declined by 14. 75% compared with that in 1980. It is believed that the harvested area of natural rubber in Indonesia will be near the peak in the next few years,and it is difficult to increase the output; the proportion of exported natural rubber in the total production will decline slowly; and the potential for natural rubber development is large.展开更多
China is a large importer of natural rubber.In 2016,China's natural rubber import reached 2.5 million t,the amount of import was up to 3.35 billion USD.China imported 1.593 million t natural rubber(2040 million US...China is a large importer of natural rubber.In 2016,China's natural rubber import reached 2.5 million t,the amount of import was up to 3.35 billion USD.China imported 1.593 million t natural rubber(2040 million USD) mainly from Thailand,0.288 million t(400 million USD) from Malaysia,0.28 million t(390 million USD) from Indonesia,and 0.168 million t(230 million USD) from Vietnam.According to the import classification,in 2016,China imported 1.658 million t technical natural rubber,accounting for 66.3% of China's total natural rubber import volume; China imported 0.424 million t natural rubber latex,accounting for 16.9% of China's total natural rubber import volume; China imported 0.214 million t other shape of natural rubber,accounting for 8.6% of China's total natural rubber import volume; China imported 0.205 million t natural rubber smoked sheets,accounting for 8.2% of China's total natural rubber import volume.According to the import situation,China still needs importing large volume of natural rubber.展开更多
In 2014,the betel nut planting area was 94000 ha,betel nut yield reached 231000 t,and the annual processing capacity of green standard betel nut drying equipments reached 677400 t in Hainan Province.The yellows in bet...In 2014,the betel nut planting area was 94000 ha,betel nut yield reached 231000 t,and the annual processing capacity of green standard betel nut drying equipments reached 677400 t in Hainan Province.The yellows in betel nut plantation have posed a serious threat to the development of betel nut industry,and the initial processing plants of betel nut are scattered,with low benefits.It is recommended to establish ecological betel nut plantations,use nutrition regulation to prevent betel nut yellows,and develop integrated betel nut processing plants to promote the sustainable development of betel nut industry.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Research Funds for the Central Universities(1630012-014001)
文摘The natural rubber planting area in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture accounts for about 30% of rubber planting area in China. At the end of 2013,the rubber planting area in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture was 29. 4 ha,the tapped rubber plantation area was 17. 49 ha,and the dry rubber production was 317000 t. Currently,the production and management level of rubber plantation has declined in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture,the tapping technique is outdated,and the tapping technology management system is difficult to implement. Therefore,some ways can be employed to promote the development of rubber industry such as enhancing the operation and management level of rubber industry,organizing the rubber production team,and developing the new rubber farmers' cooperatives.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(1630012012025)
文摘This paper introduces the distribution, membership structure and industrial structure of farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hainan Province, and points out some problems in farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hainan Province, such as small scale, low ability to resist risks, lack of standardization in operation, and generally low quality of cooperative members. Finally the following development strategies are put forth: promoting the large scale and standardized development of farmers' specialized cooperatives; enhancing institutionalized education and training for members; encouraging university graduates to work in the cooperatives; providing conventional credit support to cooperatives; increasing fiscal efficiency to support cooperatives.
文摘The betel nut planting area and yield in Hainan have reached 94000 ha and 231000 t,respectively.There are some problems in betel nut planting such as dispersed cultivation,irrational planting layout,excessively dense planting and serious betel nut yellow leaf disease.For the sustainable development of Hainan betel nut,it is necessary to focus on building the disease-resistant betel nut plantation,so as to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of betel nut yellow leaf disease;transform the low-yield betel nut plantation,and strengthen betel nut production management,in order to improve betel nut yield and promote sustainable development of betel nut industry.
基金Supported by Special Project for Research,Development,Demonstration and Extension of Applied Technology in Hainan Province(ZDXM2014101)
文摘Hainan's betel nut processing industry continues to develop,and the yield has reached 231000 t. There are some problems in betel nut industry such as unreasonable initial processing layout,processing capacity surplus,and deep processing industry lag. It is suggested that we should guide the initial processing layout of betel nut according to local conditions,and carry out overall deep processing planning of betel nut; support betel nut deep processing plant in the main producing areas,establish betel nut initial processing and deep processing serial production line,and develop new betel nut product; build betel nut production,processing,transport and marketing information database and market information early warning mechanism,and improve betel nut processing information service platform to timely provide information services and continuously develop betel nut industry.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences:Industrial Restructuring and Development of Major Tropical Crops in the Context of Supply-side Reform(1630072016013)
文摘The world's natural rubber output was 12. 31 million t and the consumption reached 12. 17 million t in 2015. China's natural rubber output was 0. 85 million t and the consumption reached 4. 724 million t in 2016. Southeast Asian countries are the main natural rubber producing countries,and ITRC policy affects the natural rubber prices. During 2017-2025,the supply of natural rubber in the world is expected to be abundant to meet downstream demand. Based on natural conditions for rubber planting and production costs,China's rubber production should place emphasis on developing ClassⅠrubber production area,strengthening Class Ⅱ rubber production area and adjusting Class Ⅲ rubber production area. It is recommended to build high-output rubber plantations in Class rubber production area in Xishuangbanna; choose rubber farms with good conditions in Class Ⅱ rubber production area and build high-quality rubber production base as the dedicated production raw material base for aviation rubber; expand the Southeast Asia rubber production belt for development of natural rubber industry.
基金Supported by the Applied Technology Research and Development Demonstration and Extension Project in Hainan Province(ZDXM2014101)
文摘Dalbergia odorifera is particularly scarce,and the D. odorifera furniture and commercial raw materials on the market are mainly old furniture and agricultural tools,as well as commercially collected D. odorifera logs. The logs and high-grade furniture made from D. odorifera are extremely expensive. It takes several decades for D. odorifera to grow into wood. At present,there is only a small area of newly planted and regenerated forest,and the planting area of D. odorifera is about 15 000 ha in Hainan Island,distributed in the low altitude area of Hainan Island. It is suggested that Hainan D. odorifera island should be built through the transformation of low-yielding forest land,the use of wasteland and marginal cultivated land,land around houses,green belt and roadside land for the cultivation of D. odorifera,and the development area can be up to 100 000-150 000 ha. It is necessary to mobilize farmers to revitalize the rural green economy,plant D. odorifera,beautify the environment,and increase the economic resources of rural trees; actively publicize the legal nature and obligation of D. odorifera protection,and create a strong atmosphere for each family to plant and protect D. odorifera.
文摘This paper firstly introduced the development prospects of natural rubber in Thailand,discussed the general situation of rubber tree planting in Thailand,and analyzed the natural rubber harvested area,per unit area yield,yield and natural rubber exports in Thailand. The results showed that the annual average natural rubber harvested area in Thailand increased by 1. 21% from 1980 to 1990; the annual natural rubber harvested area increased by 4. 27% from 1991 to 2011; the annual average natural rubber harvested area in 2012-2016 increased by 5. 65% per year; from 1980 to 2004,the per unit area yield of natural rubber in Thailand showed a rising trend,and rubber yield from 2005 to 2016 showed a decline trend; from 1980 to 2016,Thailand's natural rubber yield showed a wave-like rise. In recent years,natural rubber production has changed little. In 2015,the yield fell by 2. 19% compared with 2014,and in 2016 it increased by 0. 22% compared with 2015;from 1981 to 2016,the export volume of natural rubber in Thailand basically showed a trend of rising with large fluctuation. In recent years,the export volume of natural rubber in Thailand accounted for 74%-82% of natural rubber yield in that year. Finally,it is found that the harvested area of natural rubber in Thailand will continue to decline in the next few years,it is difficult to increase the yield,the proportion of natural rubber exports and yield will gradually decline.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(1630012012025)
文摘This article describes the distribution,member structure and industrial operation structure of the rubber farmer cooperatives in Hainan Province,and points out some problems in the cooperatives,such as small member scale,unbalanced regional development,lack of standardization in operation,and industrial operation structure imbalance. Finally some development strategies are put forward as follows: building large-scale cooperatives; attaching importance to the development of rubber farmer cooperatives,standardizing the cooperatives management, and guiding the adjustment of operating structure of rubber farmer cooperatives; attracting the college graduates to work in the cooperatives.
基金Supported by The Fundamental Scientific Research Funds for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630012013015)
文摘This paper gives an overview of the distribution,member scale,production and operation of banana cooperatives in Hainan Province,and points out the market risk and natural risk faced by the production of banana cooperatives in Hainan Province. In order to promote the banana cooperatives to form new agricultural management system integrating organization and intensification,this paper puts forth the production and operation recommendations,such as joint production of banana cooperatives,timely planting of banana,brand management,and improvement of production and operation technical level.
文摘There are state-owned and privately-owned rubber plantations in Malaysia,of which most of them are privately owned. In Malaysia,most rubber gardens are small,and the ratio of small rubber gardens to large rubber plantations is approximately 10∶ 1. In Malaysia,the plating area of rubber trees was only 4 200 ha in 1900,1. 30 million ha in 1961,and 1. 07 million ha in 2014. It was the highest in 1978,up to 1. 89 million ha. It was the lowest in 2010,only 1. 02 million ha. The per unit area yield of rubber in Malaysia was 6 074 hg/ha in 1961 and 6 274 hg/ha in 2014. The maximum 10 285 hg/ha appeared in 1987,while the minimum 5 492 hg/ha appeared in 1999. The per unit area yield of rubber in Malaysia fluctuated greatly. Rubber yield in Malaysia was 790 000 t in 1961,and it was the highest in 1988( 1. 66 million t) and the lowest in 2014( 670 000 t).
基金Supported by Special Funds for Fundamental Research in Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences"Study on the Adjustment and Development of Main Tropical Crops in the Supply Side Context".(1630072016013)
文摘The rubber industry in Shanwei Reclamation Area has grown into a leading industry in the reclamation area,but there are some problems in rubber plantations such as wind damage,neglect of supporting construction for shelter forest in the planting plan,and lack of rubber tappers. For the sustainable development of rubber farming,it is necessary to select the appropriate plot to plant rubber based on the habitat requirements of rubber trees; plan the supporting construction shelter forest network in cultivation of rubber trees; build organic rubber plantations,produce high-quality natural rubber and increase the output value of rubber plantations; use new tapping system to reduce tapping labor,improve tapping benefits and increase income of rubber tappers.
基金Supported by Special Project of Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes in Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630012012014001)
文摘This paper discussed the area and yield of private rubber industry in Mengla County of Yunnan Province. The private rubber industry in Mengla County has such problems as lack of specialized technical personnel,poor technical training effect,and short production life of rubber trees. Finally,it came up with recommendations,including establishing and improving specialized technical service stations in townships,strengthening specialized technical management organizations,providing specialized technical management personnel,realizing specialization of technical training,and establishing standard rubber farmer cooperatives.
基金Supported by the Special Funding Project "Economic Development of Tropical Industry Cooperatives" of the Welfare Science Research Institutes at State Level(1630012012025)
文摘The paper introduces the present development of farmers' specialized cooperatives in China, points out that although the cooperatives in China develop rapidly, they are generally small and their advantages cannot be given into full play, and then analyzes the development achievements of the cooperatives, for example, they have realized scale benefits, their management system tends to more mature, the economic value of their brands is improved and they have created great economic benefits. The paper also points out the stable development path for the cooperatives, that is, the cooperatives should cooperate with local villages, and take a path of combined village and cooperative development so that the cooperative members can get a stable income; the cooperatives can also cooperate with local leading enterprises, which can help the cooperatives to manage, sell and form their products brands, thus the cooperatives can get loans easily to solve the capital bottleneck of cooperative development and improve the members' incomes.
文摘The development prospects of the world's oil palm industry,as well as the distribution of oil palm production in the world and the overview of oil palm industry in the main producing countries were discussed,and the harvested area and production of oil palm and the production and import and export of palm oil were analyzed. The results showed that the world's oil palm harvested area showed an increasing trend from 2000 to2016,and the world's oil palm harvested area in 2016 was increased by 103. 18% compared with that in 2000. The world's oil palm fruit production basically increased from 2000 to 2016( only decreased by 1. 45% in 2007 compared to 2006),and the production in 2016 increased by 148. 76%compared with that in 2000. The world's palm oil production increased year by year from 2000 to 2014,and the production 2014 was 157. 89% higher than that in 2000. The world's palm oil import quantity in 2016 increased by 215. 72% compared with that in 2000,and the growth rate exceeded22% every five years. The export quantity of palm oil in 2016 increased by 197. 88% compared with that in 2000,and the growth rate exceeded19% every five years. It is predicted that the world's oil palm harvested area and production will continue to increase in the next five years; the palm oil production will also increase; and the import quantity and export quantity of palm oil will continue to grow. Nigeria has great development potential for oil palm,and its production of oil palm can be increased by updating old oil palm plantations and strengthening management.
文摘Indonesia began to grow oil palm in small scale in 1911. In 2006,palm oil production ranked first in the world. In 2007,the oil palm harvested area ranked first in the world. In 2009,the output of oil palm fruit ranked first in the world. To further explore the development prospects of the oil palm industry in Indonesia,the development of the oil palm industry in Indonesia is discussed,and the oil palm harvested area and yield and palm oil production in Indonesia are analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the oil palm harvested area in Indonesia showed an increasing trend from 1980 to 2016. During the period from 1980 to 1993,the oil palm harvested area was slowly increasing. In2002-2016,the oil palm harvested area was growing rapidly,and the oil palm harvested area was 9. 33 million ha in 2016. The growth trend of the oil palm fruit production was obvious in 2008-2016,and the oil palm fruit yield was 161. 4 million t in 2016. The palm oil production increased slowly from 1980 to 1999. During the period 2000-2014,the palm oil production increased by a large margin. In 2014,the palm oil production was 29. 28 million t. It is believed that the area of oil palm in Indonesia will continue to expand,and there is a development space of at least 1 500 000 to 2 000 000 ha. The oil palm fruit production and palm oil production in Indonesia will continue to increase in the coming years. Indonesia has unique advantages for the development of oil palm industry,with great potential for development.
文摘In the 1960 s,Malaysia planted oil palm on a large scale. In the 1970 s,it became the world's largest producer and exporter of palm oil. To further explore the development prospects of the oil palm industry in Malaysia,this paper first introduced the development of oil palm in Malaysia,and analyzed the world's share of Malaysian oil palm harvested area,production,yield during 1980 and 2016. The results showed that the oil palm harvested area in Malaysia reached the peak value 5. 23 million ha in 2013; the yield of oil palm fruit reached the peak value98. 34 million t in 2015; the yield of oil palm fruit fluctuated between 14-20 t/ha; the ratio of Malaysian oil palm yield to world oil palm production reached its peak 51. 99% in 1989. Therefore,Malaysia should update the old oil palm plantation. The development of oil palm harvested area and yield has reached the peak value,it is difficult to increase the harvested area. The proportion of Malaysian oil palm industry to the world oil palm industry is constantly declining. In future,the per unit area yield of Malaysian fresh oil palm fruit is expected to reach a new peak,and fresh oil palm fruit will exceed 20 t/ha.
文摘Through analyzing the harvested area,yield and total production of natural rubber and the exports of dry rubber,the situation of rubber cultivation in Indonesia was studied,and the development prospects of natural rubber in Indonesia were explored. The results showed that the harvested area of natural rubber in Indonesia showed a wave-like rise from 1980 to 2016. The area harvested in 2000 was increased by47. 06% compared with that in 1980,and the area harvested in 2016 was increased by 6. 43% compared with that in 2008. The yield of natural rubber in Indonesia showed a dynamic trend from 1980 to 2016. It reached the maximum( 993 kg/ha) in 2007 and reached the minimum( 575 kg/ha) in 1982. The total production of natural rubber in Indonesia showed a wave-like rise during 1980-2016. The total production of natural rubber in 2000 was increased by 47. 06% compared with that in 1980,and the total production of natural rubber in 2016 was increased by 110. 67% compared with that in 2000. The export volume of dry natural rubber in Indonesia basically showed a concussive rise from 1980 to 2016. The proportion of export volume in the total production in 2016 declined by 14. 75% compared with that in 1980. It is believed that the harvested area of natural rubber in Indonesia will be near the peak in the next few years,and it is difficult to increase the output; the proportion of exported natural rubber in the total production will decline slowly; and the potential for natural rubber development is large.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research Project in Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences "Study on Structural Adjustment and Development of Major Tropical Crop Industry in the Supply Front"(1630072016013)
文摘China is a large importer of natural rubber.In 2016,China's natural rubber import reached 2.5 million t,the amount of import was up to 3.35 billion USD.China imported 1.593 million t natural rubber(2040 million USD) mainly from Thailand,0.288 million t(400 million USD) from Malaysia,0.28 million t(390 million USD) from Indonesia,and 0.168 million t(230 million USD) from Vietnam.According to the import classification,in 2016,China imported 1.658 million t technical natural rubber,accounting for 66.3% of China's total natural rubber import volume; China imported 0.424 million t natural rubber latex,accounting for 16.9% of China's total natural rubber import volume; China imported 0.214 million t other shape of natural rubber,accounting for 8.6% of China's total natural rubber import volume; China imported 0.205 million t natural rubber smoked sheets,accounting for 8.2% of China's total natural rubber import volume.According to the import situation,China still needs importing large volume of natural rubber.
基金Supported by Special Project of Applied Technology Research,Development,Demonstration and Promotion in Hainan Province(ZDXM2014101)
文摘In 2014,the betel nut planting area was 94000 ha,betel nut yield reached 231000 t,and the annual processing capacity of green standard betel nut drying equipments reached 677400 t in Hainan Province.The yellows in betel nut plantation have posed a serious threat to the development of betel nut industry,and the initial processing plants of betel nut are scattered,with low benefits.It is recommended to establish ecological betel nut plantations,use nutrition regulation to prevent betel nut yellows,and develop integrated betel nut processing plants to promote the sustainable development of betel nut industry.
