GaN-based vertical P-i-N diode with mesa edge terminal structure due to electric field crowding effect, the breakdown voltage of the device is significantly reduced. This work investigates three terminal structures, i...GaN-based vertical P-i-N diode with mesa edge terminal structure due to electric field crowding effect, the breakdown voltage of the device is significantly reduced. This work investigates three terminal structures, including deeply etched, bevel, and stepped-mesas terminal structures, to suppress electric field crowding effects at the device and junction edges. Deeply-etched mesa terminal yields a breakdown voltage of 1205 V, i.e., 89% of the ideal voltage. The bevel-mesa terminal achieves about 89% of the ideal breakdown voltage, while the step-mesa terminal is less effective in mitigating electric field crowding, at about 32% of the ideal voltage. This work can provide an important reference for the design of high-power, high-voltage GaN-based P-i-N power devices, finding a terminal protection structure suitable for GaNPiN diodes to further enhance the breakdown performance of the device and to unleash the full potential of GaN semiconductor materials.展开更多
A lot of combinatorial objects have a natural bialgebra structure. In this paper, we prove that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs is a bialgebra with the conjunction product and the unshuffle coproduct...A lot of combinatorial objects have a natural bialgebra structure. In this paper, we prove that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs is a bialgebra with the conjunction product and the unshuffle coproduct. In fact, it is a Hopf algebra since it is graded connected. The main conclusions are that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs arising from the unshuffle coproduct is a Hopf algebra and that there is a Hopf homomorphism from permutations to label simple graphs.展开更多
In 2014, Vargas first defined a super-shuffle product and a cut-box coproduct on permutations. In 2020, Aval, Bergeron and Machacek introduced the super-shuffle product and the cut-box coproduct on labeled simple grap...In 2014, Vargas first defined a super-shuffle product and a cut-box coproduct on permutations. In 2020, Aval, Bergeron and Machacek introduced the super-shuffle product and the cut-box coproduct on labeled simple graphs. In this paper, we generalize the super-shuffle product and the cut-box coproduct from labeled simple graphs to (0,1)-matrices. Then we prove that the vector space spanned by (0,1)-matrices with the super-shuffle product is a graded algebra and with the cut-box coproduct is a graded coalgebra.展开更多
A lot of combinatorial objects have algebra and coalgebra structures and posets are important combinatorial objects. In this paper, we construct algebra and coalgebra structures on the vector space spanned by posets. ...A lot of combinatorial objects have algebra and coalgebra structures and posets are important combinatorial objects. In this paper, we construct algebra and coalgebra structures on the vector space spanned by posets. Firstly, by associativity and the unitary property, we prove that the vector space with the conjunction product is a graded algebra. Then by the definition of free algebra, we prove that the algebra is free. Finally, by the coassociativity and the counitary property, we prove that the vector space with the unshuffle coproduct is a graded coalgebra.展开更多
Poly(m-phthaloyl-m-phenylenediamine)(PMIA)is promising as the separator in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for its excellent thermostability,insulation and self-extinguishing properties.However,its low mechanical strength ...Poly(m-phthaloyl-m-phenylenediamine)(PMIA)is promising as the separator in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for its excellent thermostability,insulation and self-extinguishing properties.However,its low mechanical strength and poor electrolyte affinity limit its application in LIBs.In this work,a new PMIA@polyacrylonitrile-polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene-titanium dioxide(PMIA@PAN/PVDFHFP/TiO_(2))composite fibrous separator with a coaxial core-shell structure was developed by combining coaxial electrospinning,hot pressing,and heat treatment techniques.This separator not only inherits the exceptional thermostability of PMIA,showing no evident thermal shrinkage at 220 ℃,but also reveals improved mechanical strength(29.7 MPa)due to the formation of firm connections between fibers with the melted PVDF-HFP.Meanwhile,the massive polar groups in PVDF-HFP play a vital role in improving the electrolyte affinity,which renders the separator a high ionic conductivity of 1.36×10^(-3)s/cm.Therefore,the LIBs with PMIA@PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO_(2)separators exhibited excellent cycling and rate performance at 25℃,and a high capacity retention rate(76.2%)at 80℃for 200 cycles at 1 C.Besides,the lithium metal symmetric battery assembled by the separator showed a small overpotential,indicating that the separator had a role in inhibiting lithium dendrites.In short,the PMIA@PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO_(2) separator possesses a wide application prospect in the domain of LIBs.展开更多
Background::HIV/AIDS has transformed into a chronic controllable but not yet curable infectious disease as other chronic diseases to some extent.The additional of so called fourth 90%that included the improved health-...Background::HIV/AIDS has transformed into a chronic controllable but not yet curable infectious disease as other chronic diseases to some extent.The additional of so called fourth 90%that included the improved health-related quality of life(HRQoL)for people living with HIV(PLWHIV)required solutions beyond antiretroviral therapy and viral load suppression.This study will explore the role of personality,social economic and prevention strategy effection on HRQoL among people living with HIV/AIDS.Methods::A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHIV aged more than 16 years old in the 10 municipalities in Yunnan Province,China from October 2019 to May 2020,enrolling total 1997 participants.Individual-level HRQoL data were measured by 12-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)and EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire(EQ-5D-5L).We assembled municipal-level data about social economic from Yunnan Statistical Yearbook in 2020 and strategy practice information from the self-evaluation system.We used the principal component analysis to build the social economic and strategy effect on each area respectively and one-way ANOVA was used to perform univariate analysis to identify the predictors with significant differences.Finally we used multi-level model(MLM)to explore the personality,social economic and strategy effects in health-related quality of life among PLWHIV.Results::The global score for quality of life measured using EQ-5D-5L had an estimated mean score(standard deviation,SD)of 0.901±0.146.The HRQoL score measured using PCS-12 had an estimated mean score(SD)of 46.62±8.55.The mean MCS-12 score(SD)was estimated to be 47.80±9.71.The area-level predictors explained a proportion of 13.6-17.2%for the between-area variation of the HRQoL scores,regardless of the total HRQoL,physical component and mental component.The impacts of stigma(P<0.01),social support(P<0.001),anxiety(P<0.001),depression(P<0.05)and social economic status(P<0.05)on HRQoL at the individual-level were significantly different.The plots visualized the impact of individual-level factors on a respondent’s HRQoL was modified by the area-level characteristics.Conclusions::The study identified the possible strategy determinant of individual HRQoL of PLWHIV and also the area effect on HRQoL.Stigma,social support,anxiety,depression and social economic status were the individual-level determinants on HRQoL.These could be a valuable resource for evaluating the overall health of the areas and help improve local decision making.展开更多
We synthesized PEG-TPP as carrier to encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX) in the form of micelles to overcome its water-solubility problem. PTX-loaded micelles possess a-week stability and appropriate particle size (152.1 ...We synthesized PEG-TPP as carrier to encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX) in the form of micelles to overcome its water-solubility problem. PTX-loaded micelles possess a-week stability and appropriate particle size (152.1 ±1.2 nm) which is beneficial for enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Strong pH dependence of PTX releasing from micelles is verified by in vitro release study. At cellular level, PTX-loaded micelles can target mitochondria effectively which may results a better cytotoxicity of micelles (especially IC50 = 0.123 ± 0.035μmol/L of micelles and 0.298 ± 0.067μmol/L of PTX alone on MCF-7 cells). The fluorescence distributions of both isolated and sliced organs show that the micelles can effectively target tumors. Moreover, we further prove the enhanced therapeutic effects of micelles in tumor-bearing mice comparing with PTX alone. The results show that the biodegradable drug delivery system prepared by PEG-TPP can overcome the poor solubility of paclitaxel and improve its tumor targeting and antitumor activity.展开更多
文摘GaN-based vertical P-i-N diode with mesa edge terminal structure due to electric field crowding effect, the breakdown voltage of the device is significantly reduced. This work investigates three terminal structures, including deeply etched, bevel, and stepped-mesas terminal structures, to suppress electric field crowding effects at the device and junction edges. Deeply-etched mesa terminal yields a breakdown voltage of 1205 V, i.e., 89% of the ideal voltage. The bevel-mesa terminal achieves about 89% of the ideal breakdown voltage, while the step-mesa terminal is less effective in mitigating electric field crowding, at about 32% of the ideal voltage. This work can provide an important reference for the design of high-power, high-voltage GaN-based P-i-N power devices, finding a terminal protection structure suitable for GaNPiN diodes to further enhance the breakdown performance of the device and to unleash the full potential of GaN semiconductor materials.
文摘A lot of combinatorial objects have a natural bialgebra structure. In this paper, we prove that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs is a bialgebra with the conjunction product and the unshuffle coproduct. In fact, it is a Hopf algebra since it is graded connected. The main conclusions are that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs arising from the unshuffle coproduct is a Hopf algebra and that there is a Hopf homomorphism from permutations to label simple graphs.
文摘In 2014, Vargas first defined a super-shuffle product and a cut-box coproduct on permutations. In 2020, Aval, Bergeron and Machacek introduced the super-shuffle product and the cut-box coproduct on labeled simple graphs. In this paper, we generalize the super-shuffle product and the cut-box coproduct from labeled simple graphs to (0,1)-matrices. Then we prove that the vector space spanned by (0,1)-matrices with the super-shuffle product is a graded algebra and with the cut-box coproduct is a graded coalgebra.
文摘A lot of combinatorial objects have algebra and coalgebra structures and posets are important combinatorial objects. In this paper, we construct algebra and coalgebra structures on the vector space spanned by posets. Firstly, by associativity and the unitary property, we prove that the vector space with the conjunction product is a graded algebra. Then by the definition of free algebra, we prove that the algebra is free. Finally, by the coassociativity and the counitary property, we prove that the vector space with the unshuffle coproduct is a graded coalgebra.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Nos.2023YFG0096,2022NSFSC2008 and 2023NSFSC0442).
文摘Poly(m-phthaloyl-m-phenylenediamine)(PMIA)is promising as the separator in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for its excellent thermostability,insulation and self-extinguishing properties.However,its low mechanical strength and poor electrolyte affinity limit its application in LIBs.In this work,a new PMIA@polyacrylonitrile-polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene-titanium dioxide(PMIA@PAN/PVDFHFP/TiO_(2))composite fibrous separator with a coaxial core-shell structure was developed by combining coaxial electrospinning,hot pressing,and heat treatment techniques.This separator not only inherits the exceptional thermostability of PMIA,showing no evident thermal shrinkage at 220 ℃,but also reveals improved mechanical strength(29.7 MPa)due to the formation of firm connections between fibers with the melted PVDF-HFP.Meanwhile,the massive polar groups in PVDF-HFP play a vital role in improving the electrolyte affinity,which renders the separator a high ionic conductivity of 1.36×10^(-3)s/cm.Therefore,the LIBs with PMIA@PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO_(2)separators exhibited excellent cycling and rate performance at 25℃,and a high capacity retention rate(76.2%)at 80℃for 200 cycles at 1 C.Besides,the lithium metal symmetric battery assembled by the separator showed a small overpotential,indicating that the separator had a role in inhibiting lithium dendrites.In short,the PMIA@PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO_(2) separator possesses a wide application prospect in the domain of LIBs.
基金Our study was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.71904166)Yunnan high-level medical cultivation programme(No.H-2018103)13th Five-year National S&T Major Project for Comprehensive Pilots(No.2018ZX10715006).
文摘Background::HIV/AIDS has transformed into a chronic controllable but not yet curable infectious disease as other chronic diseases to some extent.The additional of so called fourth 90%that included the improved health-related quality of life(HRQoL)for people living with HIV(PLWHIV)required solutions beyond antiretroviral therapy and viral load suppression.This study will explore the role of personality,social economic and prevention strategy effection on HRQoL among people living with HIV/AIDS.Methods::A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHIV aged more than 16 years old in the 10 municipalities in Yunnan Province,China from October 2019 to May 2020,enrolling total 1997 participants.Individual-level HRQoL data were measured by 12-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)and EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire(EQ-5D-5L).We assembled municipal-level data about social economic from Yunnan Statistical Yearbook in 2020 and strategy practice information from the self-evaluation system.We used the principal component analysis to build the social economic and strategy effect on each area respectively and one-way ANOVA was used to perform univariate analysis to identify the predictors with significant differences.Finally we used multi-level model(MLM)to explore the personality,social economic and strategy effects in health-related quality of life among PLWHIV.Results::The global score for quality of life measured using EQ-5D-5L had an estimated mean score(standard deviation,SD)of 0.901±0.146.The HRQoL score measured using PCS-12 had an estimated mean score(SD)of 46.62±8.55.The mean MCS-12 score(SD)was estimated to be 47.80±9.71.The area-level predictors explained a proportion of 13.6-17.2%for the between-area variation of the HRQoL scores,regardless of the total HRQoL,physical component and mental component.The impacts of stigma(P<0.01),social support(P<0.001),anxiety(P<0.001),depression(P<0.05)and social economic status(P<0.05)on HRQoL at the individual-level were significantly different.The plots visualized the impact of individual-level factors on a respondent’s HRQoL was modified by the area-level characteristics.Conclusions::The study identified the possible strategy determinant of individual HRQoL of PLWHIV and also the area effect on HRQoL.Stigma,social support,anxiety,depression and social economic status were the individual-level determinants on HRQoL.These could be a valuable resource for evaluating the overall health of the areas and help improve local decision making.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81872733)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.15KJB310004)
文摘We synthesized PEG-TPP as carrier to encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX) in the form of micelles to overcome its water-solubility problem. PTX-loaded micelles possess a-week stability and appropriate particle size (152.1 ±1.2 nm) which is beneficial for enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Strong pH dependence of PTX releasing from micelles is verified by in vitro release study. At cellular level, PTX-loaded micelles can target mitochondria effectively which may results a better cytotoxicity of micelles (especially IC50 = 0.123 ± 0.035μmol/L of micelles and 0.298 ± 0.067μmol/L of PTX alone on MCF-7 cells). The fluorescence distributions of both isolated and sliced organs show that the micelles can effectively target tumors. Moreover, we further prove the enhanced therapeutic effects of micelles in tumor-bearing mice comparing with PTX alone. The results show that the biodegradable drug delivery system prepared by PEG-TPP can overcome the poor solubility of paclitaxel and improve its tumor targeting and antitumor activity.
