BACKGROUND Determination of platybasia and basilar kyphosis are significant parts of routine cranial magnetic resonance(MR)interpretations.These situations may explain a patient’s symptoms or may be associated with o...BACKGROUND Determination of platybasia and basilar kyphosis are significant parts of routine cranial magnetic resonance(MR)interpretations.These situations may explain a patient’s symptoms or may be associated with other anomalies.AIM To indicate the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the skull base angles(SBA)(Koenigsberg standard)and modified SBA(mSBA)measurement techniques.METHODS In total,391 patients who had undergone cranial MR imaging were re-assessed regarding the SBA measurements.The SBA and mSBA techniques were used on MR images.Two reviewers independently measured the same angles twice within a 15-day interval,using different monitors.Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)was calculated to reveal the intraobserver and interobserver agreements.RESULTS There was an excellent agreement between reviewers regarding both angle measurements(ICC was 0.998 for SBA and mSBA).Excellent agreement levels were also observed for intraobserver measurements.ICC was 0.998 for SBA and 0.999 for mSBA for reviewer 1.ICC was 0.997 for SBA and 0.999 for mSBA according to the measurement results of reviewer 2.Higher SBA and mSBA values were observed for females compared to males.There was no correlation between SBA and age for SBA.However,a negative and low-level correlation was observed between mSBA values and age for both reviewers.CONCLUSION SBA and mSBA measurements indicated excellent agreement regarding interobserver and intraobserver differences.The study results showed that SBA angles were reliable measurement techniques to be used on MR images.展开更多
BACKGROUND In cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),favipiravir is commonly included to the therapy regimen.Drug interactions between favipiravir and other COVID-19 therapy drugs are frequently researched.Howeve...BACKGROUND In cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),favipiravir is commonly included to the therapy regimen.Drug interactions between favipiravir and other COVID-19 therapy drugs are frequently researched.However,no research on possible drug interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents,which have become almost crucial in diagnostic processes while not being part of the treatment,has been found.AIM To determine potential medication interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents.METHODS The study comprised patients who were taking Favipiravir for COVID-19 therapy and underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)test while taking the medicine.The computerized patient files of the cases included in the study,as well as the pharmacovigilance forms in the designated hospital,were evaluated for this purpose.RESULTS The study included the evaluation of data from 1046 patients.The study sample's mean age was 47.23±9.48 years.The mean age of cases with drug interactions was statistically significant greater than that of cases with no drug interactions(P=0.003).When evaluated with logistic regression analysis,a 1-year raises in age increases the risk of developing drug interactions by 1.63 times(P=0.023).There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of medication interactions between the sexes(P=0.090).Possible medication interactions were discovered in 42 cases(4%).CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed that the most notable findings as a result of the combined use of contrast agents and favipiravir were increased creatinine and transaminase values,as well as an increase in the frequency of nausea and vomiting.The majority of drug interactions discovered were modest enough that they were not reflected in the clinic.Drug interactions become more common as people get older.展开更多
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most frequently referred conditions to the gastrointestinal outpatient clinic.The pathophysiology of IBS has not been determined with certainty.Visceral hypersensi...BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most frequently referred conditions to the gastrointestinal outpatient clinic.The pathophysiology of IBS has not been determined with certainty.Visceral hypersensitivity is indicated as one of the pathophysiologies.The sympathetic nervous system is primarily in charge of controlling the arteries,and its effect is vasospasm in the medium and large arteries,resulting in decreased blood flow.AIM To demonstrate,using Doppler evaluation of the brachial artery,that sympathetic activity impairs vasomotor performance due to autonomic neuropathy,which we believe is associated with IBS.METHODS There were 58 participants in the study.The control group consisted of 29 healthy patients,while the remaining 29 patients had been diagnosed with IBS.Patients who met the Rome IV criteria and had IBS were included in the study.People with known polyneuropathy or non-IBS chronic conditions that can progress were excluded from the trial,as were those with essential hypertension,diabetes mellitus,cardiovascular disease,or peripheral arterial disease,and patients diagnosed with anxiety or depression.Those with moderate to severe carpal tunnel syndrome or a median nerve lesion due to trauma were also excluded from the trial.A Doppler probe was used to measure the baseline diameter and flow rates of the brachial artery from 2 cm superior to the antecubital fossa.The Doppler probe remained stationary throughout the experiment,allowing for continuous measurements.Then,to activate the sympathetic fibers,an electrical stimulus for 5 s with an intensity of 10 mA and a frequency of 1 Hz was applied to the median nerve at the wrist level via the bipolar stimulus electrode.The artery diameter and flow rates were measured again immediately following the fifth stimulus.RESULTS In healthy persons with no history of chronic illness,there was a statistically significant decrease in flow rate after stimulation(P<0.001).In addition,stimulation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the diameter of the brachial artery(P<0.001).Patients diagnosed with IBS had statistically significant vasodilation and an increase in flow rate.CONCLUSION Sympathetic stimulation causes a reduction in vascular diameter and blood flow,whereas it has the reverse effect on IBS patients.In investigating the involvement of autonomic neuropathy in the development of IBS,significant changes in brachial artery Doppler parameters were observed before and after stimulation of the median nerve with low-current sensory stimulation.This method is thought to be more user-friendly and comfortable than other methods described in the literature.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Determination of platybasia and basilar kyphosis are significant parts of routine cranial magnetic resonance(MR)interpretations.These situations may explain a patient’s symptoms or may be associated with other anomalies.AIM To indicate the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the skull base angles(SBA)(Koenigsberg standard)and modified SBA(mSBA)measurement techniques.METHODS In total,391 patients who had undergone cranial MR imaging were re-assessed regarding the SBA measurements.The SBA and mSBA techniques were used on MR images.Two reviewers independently measured the same angles twice within a 15-day interval,using different monitors.Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)was calculated to reveal the intraobserver and interobserver agreements.RESULTS There was an excellent agreement between reviewers regarding both angle measurements(ICC was 0.998 for SBA and mSBA).Excellent agreement levels were also observed for intraobserver measurements.ICC was 0.998 for SBA and 0.999 for mSBA for reviewer 1.ICC was 0.997 for SBA and 0.999 for mSBA according to the measurement results of reviewer 2.Higher SBA and mSBA values were observed for females compared to males.There was no correlation between SBA and age for SBA.However,a negative and low-level correlation was observed between mSBA values and age for both reviewers.CONCLUSION SBA and mSBA measurements indicated excellent agreement regarding interobserver and intraobserver differences.The study results showed that SBA angles were reliable measurement techniques to be used on MR images.
文摘BACKGROUND In cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),favipiravir is commonly included to the therapy regimen.Drug interactions between favipiravir and other COVID-19 therapy drugs are frequently researched.However,no research on possible drug interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents,which have become almost crucial in diagnostic processes while not being part of the treatment,has been found.AIM To determine potential medication interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents.METHODS The study comprised patients who were taking Favipiravir for COVID-19 therapy and underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)test while taking the medicine.The computerized patient files of the cases included in the study,as well as the pharmacovigilance forms in the designated hospital,were evaluated for this purpose.RESULTS The study included the evaluation of data from 1046 patients.The study sample's mean age was 47.23±9.48 years.The mean age of cases with drug interactions was statistically significant greater than that of cases with no drug interactions(P=0.003).When evaluated with logistic regression analysis,a 1-year raises in age increases the risk of developing drug interactions by 1.63 times(P=0.023).There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of medication interactions between the sexes(P=0.090).Possible medication interactions were discovered in 42 cases(4%).CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed that the most notable findings as a result of the combined use of contrast agents and favipiravir were increased creatinine and transaminase values,as well as an increase in the frequency of nausea and vomiting.The majority of drug interactions discovered were modest enough that they were not reflected in the clinic.Drug interactions become more common as people get older.
文摘BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most frequently referred conditions to the gastrointestinal outpatient clinic.The pathophysiology of IBS has not been determined with certainty.Visceral hypersensitivity is indicated as one of the pathophysiologies.The sympathetic nervous system is primarily in charge of controlling the arteries,and its effect is vasospasm in the medium and large arteries,resulting in decreased blood flow.AIM To demonstrate,using Doppler evaluation of the brachial artery,that sympathetic activity impairs vasomotor performance due to autonomic neuropathy,which we believe is associated with IBS.METHODS There were 58 participants in the study.The control group consisted of 29 healthy patients,while the remaining 29 patients had been diagnosed with IBS.Patients who met the Rome IV criteria and had IBS were included in the study.People with known polyneuropathy or non-IBS chronic conditions that can progress were excluded from the trial,as were those with essential hypertension,diabetes mellitus,cardiovascular disease,or peripheral arterial disease,and patients diagnosed with anxiety or depression.Those with moderate to severe carpal tunnel syndrome or a median nerve lesion due to trauma were also excluded from the trial.A Doppler probe was used to measure the baseline diameter and flow rates of the brachial artery from 2 cm superior to the antecubital fossa.The Doppler probe remained stationary throughout the experiment,allowing for continuous measurements.Then,to activate the sympathetic fibers,an electrical stimulus for 5 s with an intensity of 10 mA and a frequency of 1 Hz was applied to the median nerve at the wrist level via the bipolar stimulus electrode.The artery diameter and flow rates were measured again immediately following the fifth stimulus.RESULTS In healthy persons with no history of chronic illness,there was a statistically significant decrease in flow rate after stimulation(P<0.001).In addition,stimulation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the diameter of the brachial artery(P<0.001).Patients diagnosed with IBS had statistically significant vasodilation and an increase in flow rate.CONCLUSION Sympathetic stimulation causes a reduction in vascular diameter and blood flow,whereas it has the reverse effect on IBS patients.In investigating the involvement of autonomic neuropathy in the development of IBS,significant changes in brachial artery Doppler parameters were observed before and after stimulation of the median nerve with low-current sensory stimulation.This method is thought to be more user-friendly and comfortable than other methods described in the literature.
