Introduction: Intraductal carcinoma is often associated with high-grade, high-stage adenocarcinoma. Its frequency is variable and it is considered a poor prognostic factor. In our context, when prostatic carcinoma is ...Introduction: Intraductal carcinoma is often associated with high-grade, high-stage adenocarcinoma. Its frequency is variable and it is considered a poor prognostic factor. In our context, when prostatic carcinoma is diagnosed, pathologists do not always report the presence of this anatomopathological entity. We therefore conducted a study to determine the epidemiological and anatomopathological profile of patients with this lesion in Dakar. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study covering a 1-year period from January to December 2022. It focused on cases of intraductal carcinoma diagnosed among prostatic carcinomas collected in the anatomopathology laboratories of Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye (HOGIP) and Hôpital Militaire de Ouakam (HMO). It was based on archives of anatomopathological reports, blocks and slides. A total of 200 cases of prostatic carcinoma were collated and reviewed to identify those presenting with intraductal carcinoma according to the diagnostic criteria of Guo and Epstein. Results: 87 cases of intraductal carcinoma were found, representing 43.5% of prostatic carcinomas. The mean age was 71 years. Patients in their seventh decade were the most represented, i.e. 42.5%. The majority of samples examined were biopsies (72.4%). The mean PSA level was 965.91 ng/ml, with extremes ranging from 0.03 to 10,000 ng/ml. Histologically, 96.5% of cases (N = 84) were invasive prostatic carcinoma. Gleason score 8 (4 + 4) was the most common, accounting for 42.53% (N = 37). On average, the study found four (04) foci of intraductal carcinoma per specimen, with extremes ranging from 1 to 30. Dense cribriform architecture accounted for 78.16%, loose cribriform for 11.5%, solid for 8.04% and micropapillary for 2.3%. Six cases (6.9%) showed foci of comedonecrosis. The vast majority of radical prostatectomies (87.5%) were classified as pT3. Node invasion and perineural sheathing were observed in 12.5% and 52.32% of cases respectively. Conclusion: Intraductal carcinoma is a poor prognostic factor that must be systematically reported in the anatomopathological report. In Senegal, it is often associated with advanced stage, high-grade carcinoma and high PSA levels.展开更多
Prostate cancer is a public health problem in Senegal. It is one of the most common cancers in men and can be detected early by PSA measurement and confirmed by the pathological study which specifies the histological ...Prostate cancer is a public health problem in Senegal. It is one of the most common cancers in men and can be detected early by PSA measurement and confirmed by the pathological study which specifies the histological type and evaluates the histoprognostic scores (Gleason and pTNM). We did not find any anatomopathological study highlighting a link between the PSA t rate and histoprognostic Gleason scores in Senegal. Objective: We carried out this work aimed at determining whether there is a correlation between the PSA t rate and the histoprognostic Gleason score, in our context. Methodology: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 2013 to October 2021, based on histologically proven prostate cancer cases with a specified PSA level, diagnosed in the pathological anatomy and cytology laboratory of Aristide Le Dantec hospital. Results: We identified 654 cases of prostate cancer. The average age was 68.59 ± 5.8 years with extremes of 40 years to 92 years. More than half of our cohort presented a clinical stage T2c, i.e. 56.94%. The average prostate volume on ultrasound was 81.81 ± 66 cc. The median PSA t was 110.5 ng/ml, with extremes ranging from 2 ng/ml to 74,770 ng/ml. Prostatic adenocarcinoma was the only histological type found in our patients. There was a predominance of Gleason score 6 (PICU grade group 1) observed in 35.17% of patients. Well-differentiated cancers were predominant and represented 35.17%. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between PSA t level and Gleason score (Spearman’s Rho = 0.305, p = 0.000). Conclusion: This study shows that in the Senegalese population, in patients with prostate cancer, the higher the PSA t level rises above normal, the higher the Gleason score tends to be.展开更多
Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. The diagnosis is most often based on the prostate biopsies’ analysis and on histological criteria recognizable on standard coloring. In some case...Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. The diagnosis is most often based on the prostate biopsies’ analysis and on histological criteria recognizable on standard coloring. In some cases, the use of immunohistochemistry is important. Objectives: This paper aims to specify the p63 phenotypic profile of lesions diagnosed benign, with minimal suspect foci, difficult to interpret, HGPIN (high grade intraepithelial neoplasia) and LGPIN (low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia) and evaluate the manual technique of p63 immunohistochemistry. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective, descriptive study of prostate biopsies recorded in the PAC service of the HALD from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018. It was completed by a manual immunohistochemical study of the blocks enrolled from November 19th to December 4th, 2020 in the PAC department of the HPD. The studied parameters were: registry number, age, clinical stage, prostate volume, PSA level, microscopic appearance and p63 immunohistochemical profile. Results: Our study included 60 prostate biopsies. The ages of our patients varied from 45 to 77 years, with an average of 64.2 years and a standard deviation of 6.2. The majority of patients were at clinical stage cT2b (33%) with a prostate volume varying between 33.15 and 169.4 cc. The minimum value of PSA in our series is 5 ng/ml, the maximum being 100 ng/ml with an average level of 24.1 ng/ml and a standard deviation of 21.2. Our series included 50 adenomyomatous hyperplasias, 7 adenomyomatous hyperplasias associated with chronic prostatitis, 2 HGPIN and 1 LGPIN. After re-reading we found 5 discordant cases, which corresponded to minimal suspect foci (kappa = 0.5098). The p63 marking was informative in 53 cases, i.e. 88%, and non-informative in 7 cases, i.e. 12%. Among the uninformative markings, 2 were due to lack of tissue adhesion to the slides. Among the informative markings, 11 were negative. p63 immunohistochemistry was useful in all suspected foci and detected 6 other minimal foci of adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: The immunostaining with the anti-p63 antibody in the prostate cancer diagnosis is of considerable benefit. It made it possible to correct 11.3% of benign diagnosis in minimal malignant focus in our context. Despite the difficulties associated with the manual technique, it is possible to have an informative rate, similar to the automatic technique.展开更多
Introduction: Laryngeal cancer is the first cancer of upper aerodigestive tract. Dysphonia, dyspnea and dysphagia are evocative signs. Diagnosis is histological and squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type. The...Introduction: Laryngeal cancer is the first cancer of upper aerodigestive tract. Dysphonia, dyspnea and dysphagia are evocative signs. Diagnosis is histological and squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type. The objective of our study was to discuss epidemiological and anatomo-pathological characteristics of laryngeal cancers diagnosed in different pathological anatomy and cytology (ACP) laboratories of Dakar hospitals. Material and method: This was a retrospective study spanning from January 2013 to December 2018 at the pathological anatomy laboratories of Fann, Aristide Le Dantec and Idrissa Pouye hospitals. All patients with laryngeal cancer confirmed at histology were included. Data collection was based on clinical records of the patients and archives of histological reports of the pathological laboratories. Data analysis was performed under the Excel software. Results: We collected 215 cases of laryngeal cancer. The average age was 58.01 years with extremes of 07 and 94 years. The male sex was predominant with 183 patients (85.12%) against 32 women (14.88%). The most noted risk factor was tobacco which affected 14 patients, or 60.87%. Three patients (13.04%) did not present any alcohol-smoking impregnation. Clinically, dysphonia was noted in 22 patients (26.51%). It was associated with dyspnea in 0.48% of cases and dysphagia in 3.61%. Laryngoscopy was performed in 62 patients or 28.83% of cases, nasofibroscopy in 6.45% of cases. Cord arythenoid fixity was noted in two patients (3.23%) and hypo-mobility in 1 patient (1.61%). The most frequent local extension was involvement of the piriform sinus with 11.29% of cases. Palpable lymphadenopathy reported in 17 patients (20.48%). Pathological examination was performed in all patients after post endoscopic biopsy in 92 patients (42.79%), and after obtaining the operative specimen in 123 cases (57.21%). The three floors affected 76 patients (35.35%). The ulcerative budding aspect most noted concerned 108 patients (60.97%). Histologically, it was a squamous cell carcinoma in 205 patients (95.34%). The most site invaded by the tumor was cricoid cartilage.T4 type was most found (45 patients or 40.90%) followed by the T3 type with 34.55%. There was no lymphadenopathy invasion (Type N0) in 74 patients (67.27%), capsular rupture was reported in five patients (6.77%), no evaluable metastasis in 110 patients (97.27%), and stage IVA predominated in 66 patients (60%). Conclusion: laryngeal cancer is a reality in our contexts, however, its incidence is poorly understood in Senegal. The main risk factors remain tobacco and alcohol. Histology confirms the diagnosis. Its management is multidisciplinary and must be early.展开更多
Epidermal inclusion cyst in the breast is an uncommon condition. It may be congenital, originating from hair follicles or occurring after trauma (breast reduction or breast cytology puncture) or consists of squamous m...Epidermal inclusion cyst in the breast is an uncommon condition. It may be congenital, originating from hair follicles or occurring after trauma (breast reduction or breast cytology puncture) or consists of squamous metaplasia of the regular columnar epithelium within an ectatic ductus galactophorus. We report the case of a 22-year-old woman, with two pregnancies and with no particular pathological history, who presented with a 3 cm nodule of the right breast at the union of the upper quadrants, firm, mobile and painless. The skin, areola and nipple were unaffected. The axillary areas and the contralateral breast were unremarkable. The breast ultrasound showed a heterogeneous and well circumscribed hypoechoic mass classified as ACR3. Macroscopic examination revealed a unilocular cyst with a discretely thickened wall, abundant yellowish contents and measuring 2 cm on a long axis. Histologically, it was a cystic cavity whose wall was lined with a pseudo stratified keratinized squamous epithelium with a granular layer and whose lumen contained keratin lamellae. This cyst is surrounded by a more or less fibrous pallial tissue containing regular, sometimes dilated or even cystic milk ducts. The diagnosis of epidermal inclusion cyst of the breast on a background of fibrocystic mastopathy was thus concluded. The importance of this benign lesion lies in the differentiation between other non-neoplastic and neoplastic breast lesions.展开更多
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) belongs to the soft tissue sarcomas that have striated muscle differentiation. It is most common in young children under 5 years of age and adolescents. The definite diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcom...Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) belongs to the soft tissue sarcomas that have striated muscle differentiation. It is most common in young children under 5 years of age and adolescents. The definite diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma is based on histology and the positivity of striated muscle markers in immunohistochemistry. Our objective was to describe the prognostic characteristics of RMS diagnosed in Dakar. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective and descriptive study spread over nine (09) years from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2019. It was conducted from the histological report archives of the anatomy and pathology laboratories of Dakar. Paraffin blocks were reread and immunohistochemically studied by manual method. Antidesmin and antimyogenin antibodies were used. RESULTS: We collected 44 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma out of 228 cases of soft tissue cancers, <em>i.e.</em> 19.29% of all malignant soft tissue tumours. The mean age of the patients was 25.41 ± 23.95 (standard deviation) years with a median age of 16 years and extremes of 6 months and 81 years. Patients were less than or equal to 17 years of age in 61.4% of cases. A clear male predominance was observed with 29 men (65.9%) against 15 women (34.1%). Rhabdomyosarcomas were located in the limbs in 34.1% of cases, in the head and neck in 29.5% of cases and in the genitourinary tract in 25% of cases. The average tumour size was 7.45 cm ± 4.64 (standard deviation) with a minimum of 2 cm and a maximum of 17 cm. It was greater than or equal to 5 cm in 15 patients (68.2%). Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) was the most frequent histological type with 34 cases (77.3%), followed by pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma 7 cases (15.9%) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma 3 cases (6.8%). The histological subtypes of ERMS consisted of conventional ERMS (91.18%);botryoid RMS (5.88%) and spindle cell RMS (2.94%). The correlation between histological type and age was statistically significant (p = 0.039). A relationship was also observed between histological type and site (p = 0.026). According to the American IRS classification, the tumour was classified as group I in 41% of cases, group II in 50% of cases and groups III and IV in 4.5% each. CONCLUSION: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour in Dakar. It is often a voluminous tumour of the limbs which affects mainly males. The embryonal type is the most frequent histological form.展开更多
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) generally refers to sudden cardiovascular death of a person with or without pre-existing heart disease. This is a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Pathological ...Sudden cardiac death (SCD) generally refers to sudden cardiovascular death of a person with or without pre-existing heart disease. This is a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Senegal. This study covers a period of 7 years from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2006. During this 7-year period we collected 235 cases of sudden cardiovascular death out of a total of 3717 forensic autopsies, representing a frequency of 6.32%. Sudden cardiovascular deaths accounted for 75.3% of all 312 sudden deaths. 96.1% were black compared to 3.9% Caucasians. The average age of the patients was 46.86 years with extremes ranging from 17 to 86 years. The most affected age group was between 50 - 59 years old, representing 23.4% of the cases. The sex ratio was 4.3 in favour of men. Men aged 50 - 59 were the most affected, while women were more affected in the 20 - 29 age group. Cardiomyopathies constituted 54.9% with 90% of dilated cardiomyopathies of which 75% were male and 10% of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies more frequent also in men. Valvulopathies came in 3rd position with 3.4% of the cases and in 75% of the cases they were poly-valvulopathies. Atherosclerosis was incriminated in 2.5% of the cases and aortic localization was the most represented. Aortic dissection was implicated in 6 cases out of 235 or 2.5%. It was isolated in 4 cases (without other cardiac conditions), and in the other 2 cases it was accompanied by other cardiac lesions including hypertrophy, pericarditis and endocarditis. The other causes found were interauricular communication (n = 1) and pericarditis (n = 2). Sudden cardiovascular death is a major global public health problem. The lack of epidemiological data on sudden death in Africa motivated our work, which led us to note that 75.3% of all sudden deaths in adults were of cardiovascular origin.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Intraductal carcinoma is often associated with high-grade, high-stage adenocarcinoma. Its frequency is variable and it is considered a poor prognostic factor. In our context, when prostatic carcinoma is diagnosed, pathologists do not always report the presence of this anatomopathological entity. We therefore conducted a study to determine the epidemiological and anatomopathological profile of patients with this lesion in Dakar. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study covering a 1-year period from January to December 2022. It focused on cases of intraductal carcinoma diagnosed among prostatic carcinomas collected in the anatomopathology laboratories of Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye (HOGIP) and Hôpital Militaire de Ouakam (HMO). It was based on archives of anatomopathological reports, blocks and slides. A total of 200 cases of prostatic carcinoma were collated and reviewed to identify those presenting with intraductal carcinoma according to the diagnostic criteria of Guo and Epstein. Results: 87 cases of intraductal carcinoma were found, representing 43.5% of prostatic carcinomas. The mean age was 71 years. Patients in their seventh decade were the most represented, i.e. 42.5%. The majority of samples examined were biopsies (72.4%). The mean PSA level was 965.91 ng/ml, with extremes ranging from 0.03 to 10,000 ng/ml. Histologically, 96.5% of cases (N = 84) were invasive prostatic carcinoma. Gleason score 8 (4 + 4) was the most common, accounting for 42.53% (N = 37). On average, the study found four (04) foci of intraductal carcinoma per specimen, with extremes ranging from 1 to 30. Dense cribriform architecture accounted for 78.16%, loose cribriform for 11.5%, solid for 8.04% and micropapillary for 2.3%. Six cases (6.9%) showed foci of comedonecrosis. The vast majority of radical prostatectomies (87.5%) were classified as pT3. Node invasion and perineural sheathing were observed in 12.5% and 52.32% of cases respectively. Conclusion: Intraductal carcinoma is a poor prognostic factor that must be systematically reported in the anatomopathological report. In Senegal, it is often associated with advanced stage, high-grade carcinoma and high PSA levels.
文摘Prostate cancer is a public health problem in Senegal. It is one of the most common cancers in men and can be detected early by PSA measurement and confirmed by the pathological study which specifies the histological type and evaluates the histoprognostic scores (Gleason and pTNM). We did not find any anatomopathological study highlighting a link between the PSA t rate and histoprognostic Gleason scores in Senegal. Objective: We carried out this work aimed at determining whether there is a correlation between the PSA t rate and the histoprognostic Gleason score, in our context. Methodology: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 2013 to October 2021, based on histologically proven prostate cancer cases with a specified PSA level, diagnosed in the pathological anatomy and cytology laboratory of Aristide Le Dantec hospital. Results: We identified 654 cases of prostate cancer. The average age was 68.59 ± 5.8 years with extremes of 40 years to 92 years. More than half of our cohort presented a clinical stage T2c, i.e. 56.94%. The average prostate volume on ultrasound was 81.81 ± 66 cc. The median PSA t was 110.5 ng/ml, with extremes ranging from 2 ng/ml to 74,770 ng/ml. Prostatic adenocarcinoma was the only histological type found in our patients. There was a predominance of Gleason score 6 (PICU grade group 1) observed in 35.17% of patients. Well-differentiated cancers were predominant and represented 35.17%. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between PSA t level and Gleason score (Spearman’s Rho = 0.305, p = 0.000). Conclusion: This study shows that in the Senegalese population, in patients with prostate cancer, the higher the PSA t level rises above normal, the higher the Gleason score tends to be.
文摘Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. The diagnosis is most often based on the prostate biopsies’ analysis and on histological criteria recognizable on standard coloring. In some cases, the use of immunohistochemistry is important. Objectives: This paper aims to specify the p63 phenotypic profile of lesions diagnosed benign, with minimal suspect foci, difficult to interpret, HGPIN (high grade intraepithelial neoplasia) and LGPIN (low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia) and evaluate the manual technique of p63 immunohistochemistry. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective, descriptive study of prostate biopsies recorded in the PAC service of the HALD from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018. It was completed by a manual immunohistochemical study of the blocks enrolled from November 19th to December 4th, 2020 in the PAC department of the HPD. The studied parameters were: registry number, age, clinical stage, prostate volume, PSA level, microscopic appearance and p63 immunohistochemical profile. Results: Our study included 60 prostate biopsies. The ages of our patients varied from 45 to 77 years, with an average of 64.2 years and a standard deviation of 6.2. The majority of patients were at clinical stage cT2b (33%) with a prostate volume varying between 33.15 and 169.4 cc. The minimum value of PSA in our series is 5 ng/ml, the maximum being 100 ng/ml with an average level of 24.1 ng/ml and a standard deviation of 21.2. Our series included 50 adenomyomatous hyperplasias, 7 adenomyomatous hyperplasias associated with chronic prostatitis, 2 HGPIN and 1 LGPIN. After re-reading we found 5 discordant cases, which corresponded to minimal suspect foci (kappa = 0.5098). The p63 marking was informative in 53 cases, i.e. 88%, and non-informative in 7 cases, i.e. 12%. Among the uninformative markings, 2 were due to lack of tissue adhesion to the slides. Among the informative markings, 11 were negative. p63 immunohistochemistry was useful in all suspected foci and detected 6 other minimal foci of adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: The immunostaining with the anti-p63 antibody in the prostate cancer diagnosis is of considerable benefit. It made it possible to correct 11.3% of benign diagnosis in minimal malignant focus in our context. Despite the difficulties associated with the manual technique, it is possible to have an informative rate, similar to the automatic technique.
文摘Introduction: Laryngeal cancer is the first cancer of upper aerodigestive tract. Dysphonia, dyspnea and dysphagia are evocative signs. Diagnosis is histological and squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type. The objective of our study was to discuss epidemiological and anatomo-pathological characteristics of laryngeal cancers diagnosed in different pathological anatomy and cytology (ACP) laboratories of Dakar hospitals. Material and method: This was a retrospective study spanning from January 2013 to December 2018 at the pathological anatomy laboratories of Fann, Aristide Le Dantec and Idrissa Pouye hospitals. All patients with laryngeal cancer confirmed at histology were included. Data collection was based on clinical records of the patients and archives of histological reports of the pathological laboratories. Data analysis was performed under the Excel software. Results: We collected 215 cases of laryngeal cancer. The average age was 58.01 years with extremes of 07 and 94 years. The male sex was predominant with 183 patients (85.12%) against 32 women (14.88%). The most noted risk factor was tobacco which affected 14 patients, or 60.87%. Three patients (13.04%) did not present any alcohol-smoking impregnation. Clinically, dysphonia was noted in 22 patients (26.51%). It was associated with dyspnea in 0.48% of cases and dysphagia in 3.61%. Laryngoscopy was performed in 62 patients or 28.83% of cases, nasofibroscopy in 6.45% of cases. Cord arythenoid fixity was noted in two patients (3.23%) and hypo-mobility in 1 patient (1.61%). The most frequent local extension was involvement of the piriform sinus with 11.29% of cases. Palpable lymphadenopathy reported in 17 patients (20.48%). Pathological examination was performed in all patients after post endoscopic biopsy in 92 patients (42.79%), and after obtaining the operative specimen in 123 cases (57.21%). The three floors affected 76 patients (35.35%). The ulcerative budding aspect most noted concerned 108 patients (60.97%). Histologically, it was a squamous cell carcinoma in 205 patients (95.34%). The most site invaded by the tumor was cricoid cartilage.T4 type was most found (45 patients or 40.90%) followed by the T3 type with 34.55%. There was no lymphadenopathy invasion (Type N0) in 74 patients (67.27%), capsular rupture was reported in five patients (6.77%), no evaluable metastasis in 110 patients (97.27%), and stage IVA predominated in 66 patients (60%). Conclusion: laryngeal cancer is a reality in our contexts, however, its incidence is poorly understood in Senegal. The main risk factors remain tobacco and alcohol. Histology confirms the diagnosis. Its management is multidisciplinary and must be early.
文摘Epidermal inclusion cyst in the breast is an uncommon condition. It may be congenital, originating from hair follicles or occurring after trauma (breast reduction or breast cytology puncture) or consists of squamous metaplasia of the regular columnar epithelium within an ectatic ductus galactophorus. We report the case of a 22-year-old woman, with two pregnancies and with no particular pathological history, who presented with a 3 cm nodule of the right breast at the union of the upper quadrants, firm, mobile and painless. The skin, areola and nipple were unaffected. The axillary areas and the contralateral breast were unremarkable. The breast ultrasound showed a heterogeneous and well circumscribed hypoechoic mass classified as ACR3. Macroscopic examination revealed a unilocular cyst with a discretely thickened wall, abundant yellowish contents and measuring 2 cm on a long axis. Histologically, it was a cystic cavity whose wall was lined with a pseudo stratified keratinized squamous epithelium with a granular layer and whose lumen contained keratin lamellae. This cyst is surrounded by a more or less fibrous pallial tissue containing regular, sometimes dilated or even cystic milk ducts. The diagnosis of epidermal inclusion cyst of the breast on a background of fibrocystic mastopathy was thus concluded. The importance of this benign lesion lies in the differentiation between other non-neoplastic and neoplastic breast lesions.
文摘Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) belongs to the soft tissue sarcomas that have striated muscle differentiation. It is most common in young children under 5 years of age and adolescents. The definite diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma is based on histology and the positivity of striated muscle markers in immunohistochemistry. Our objective was to describe the prognostic characteristics of RMS diagnosed in Dakar. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective and descriptive study spread over nine (09) years from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2019. It was conducted from the histological report archives of the anatomy and pathology laboratories of Dakar. Paraffin blocks were reread and immunohistochemically studied by manual method. Antidesmin and antimyogenin antibodies were used. RESULTS: We collected 44 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma out of 228 cases of soft tissue cancers, <em>i.e.</em> 19.29% of all malignant soft tissue tumours. The mean age of the patients was 25.41 ± 23.95 (standard deviation) years with a median age of 16 years and extremes of 6 months and 81 years. Patients were less than or equal to 17 years of age in 61.4% of cases. A clear male predominance was observed with 29 men (65.9%) against 15 women (34.1%). Rhabdomyosarcomas were located in the limbs in 34.1% of cases, in the head and neck in 29.5% of cases and in the genitourinary tract in 25% of cases. The average tumour size was 7.45 cm ± 4.64 (standard deviation) with a minimum of 2 cm and a maximum of 17 cm. It was greater than or equal to 5 cm in 15 patients (68.2%). Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) was the most frequent histological type with 34 cases (77.3%), followed by pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma 7 cases (15.9%) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma 3 cases (6.8%). The histological subtypes of ERMS consisted of conventional ERMS (91.18%);botryoid RMS (5.88%) and spindle cell RMS (2.94%). The correlation between histological type and age was statistically significant (p = 0.039). A relationship was also observed between histological type and site (p = 0.026). According to the American IRS classification, the tumour was classified as group I in 41% of cases, group II in 50% of cases and groups III and IV in 4.5% each. CONCLUSION: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour in Dakar. It is often a voluminous tumour of the limbs which affects mainly males. The embryonal type is the most frequent histological form.
文摘Sudden cardiac death (SCD) generally refers to sudden cardiovascular death of a person with or without pre-existing heart disease. This is a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Senegal. This study covers a period of 7 years from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2006. During this 7-year period we collected 235 cases of sudden cardiovascular death out of a total of 3717 forensic autopsies, representing a frequency of 6.32%. Sudden cardiovascular deaths accounted for 75.3% of all 312 sudden deaths. 96.1% were black compared to 3.9% Caucasians. The average age of the patients was 46.86 years with extremes ranging from 17 to 86 years. The most affected age group was between 50 - 59 years old, representing 23.4% of the cases. The sex ratio was 4.3 in favour of men. Men aged 50 - 59 were the most affected, while women were more affected in the 20 - 29 age group. Cardiomyopathies constituted 54.9% with 90% of dilated cardiomyopathies of which 75% were male and 10% of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies more frequent also in men. Valvulopathies came in 3rd position with 3.4% of the cases and in 75% of the cases they were poly-valvulopathies. Atherosclerosis was incriminated in 2.5% of the cases and aortic localization was the most represented. Aortic dissection was implicated in 6 cases out of 235 or 2.5%. It was isolated in 4 cases (without other cardiac conditions), and in the other 2 cases it was accompanied by other cardiac lesions including hypertrophy, pericarditis and endocarditis. The other causes found were interauricular communication (n = 1) and pericarditis (n = 2). Sudden cardiovascular death is a major global public health problem. The lack of epidemiological data on sudden death in Africa motivated our work, which led us to note that 75.3% of all sudden deaths in adults were of cardiovascular origin.
