Vulnerability assessment is essential for understanding and launching effective flood risk reduction strategies.This study aimed to examine the vulnerability of flood-prone rural communities in southern Punjab,Pakista...Vulnerability assessment is essential for understanding and launching effective flood risk reduction strategies.This study aimed to examine the vulnerability of flood-prone rural communities in southern Punjab,Pakistan to external shocks.The concept of vulnerability encompasses a range of dimensions,including physical,social,institutional,environmental,economic,and attitudinal.Using a composite index method,indices were developed for each dimension and combined to create a multidimensional measure of vulnerability.A sample of 365 communities was selected using the Yamane sampling technique,and data were collected through a questionnaire containing 65 indicators across all dimensions.Descriptive statistics and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the data.The results show that communities near the Chenab River had higher attitudinal and institutional vulnerability compared to other communities.High attitudinal vulnerabilities were as sociated with poorly perceived flood risks and low preparedness measures,whereas institutional vulnerabilities were driven by conventional flood protection strategies,lack of institutional trust,and lack of flood risk awareness.This research provides insights into the various components of vulnerability in flood-prone rural communities in Pakistan and demonstrates a useful methodology that can be applied to other disasters at different spatial scales.展开更多
Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and effects.However,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably abse...Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and effects.However,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably absent.Thus,this study seeks to address this gap by conducting a thorough examination of existing literature on terrorism,particularly focusing on urban contexts,to identify key patterns and recurring themes.The study identified 515 research articles using the keywords"urban"and"terrorism"through the Web of Science and Scopus databases.A bibliometric review was conducted,which included a historical background,author keywords,country and institution,citation,and co-citation analyses.The findings revealed an increase in the number of studies on urban terrorism following the 9/11 attacks in the United States,which accounted for the highest number of publications in the country.Most studies were conducted in government law,international relations,and urban studies.Keyword analysis revealed that counterterrorism,security,and disasters were more closely linked to terrorism.Thematic analysis identified six main themes related to urban spaces and terrorism:tourism,governance,resilience,public health,economy,security,and counterterrorism.This study emphasizes the importance of involving the public in counterterrorism efforts in addition to traditional approaches to addressing urban terrorism.展开更多
Urban flooding has become a regular phenomenon in many towns and cities in the Asia Pacific region over the past years. Professionals associated with disaster management and climate change are at the forefront of addr...Urban flooding has become a regular phenomenon in many towns and cities in the Asia Pacific region over the past years. Professionals associated with disaster management and climate change are at the forefront of addressing urban flooding. To reduce flood risks,vulnerability and its components must be understood.Vulnerability assessment methods are diverse and complex, with a varied nature of understanding the key terms used in various contexts, and this diversity ultimately reflects on the interpretation of results in research settings.Diverse interpretations and definitions exist in the disaster risk and climate change literature, complicating the process of astute and comprehensive vulnerability assessment. The main purpose of this study was to quantify vulnerability indicators and develop a multidimensional model for vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability is explored through the lens of five dimensions: social, economic, physical/infrastructural, institutional, and attitudinal. This methodology is applied to urban flooding in Pakistan, to verify the proposed model. Three study sites in urban areas with different population sizes, situated in high-risk flood zones in the Punjab Province of Pakistan were selected for empirical investigation. A household survey was conducted, and indices were developed for each dimension based on welldefined indicators. The proposed methodology for vulnerability assessment was tested and found operational. This method can be replicated irrespective of spatial scales and can be modified for other disasters by streamlining hazard specific indicators.展开更多
文摘Vulnerability assessment is essential for understanding and launching effective flood risk reduction strategies.This study aimed to examine the vulnerability of flood-prone rural communities in southern Punjab,Pakistan to external shocks.The concept of vulnerability encompasses a range of dimensions,including physical,social,institutional,environmental,economic,and attitudinal.Using a composite index method,indices were developed for each dimension and combined to create a multidimensional measure of vulnerability.A sample of 365 communities was selected using the Yamane sampling technique,and data were collected through a questionnaire containing 65 indicators across all dimensions.Descriptive statistics and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the data.The results show that communities near the Chenab River had higher attitudinal and institutional vulnerability compared to other communities.High attitudinal vulnerabilities were as sociated with poorly perceived flood risks and low preparedness measures,whereas institutional vulnerabilities were driven by conventional flood protection strategies,lack of institutional trust,and lack of flood risk awareness.This research provides insights into the various components of vulnerability in flood-prone rural communities in Pakistan and demonstrates a useful methodology that can be applied to other disasters at different spatial scales.
文摘Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and effects.However,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably absent.Thus,this study seeks to address this gap by conducting a thorough examination of existing literature on terrorism,particularly focusing on urban contexts,to identify key patterns and recurring themes.The study identified 515 research articles using the keywords"urban"and"terrorism"through the Web of Science and Scopus databases.A bibliometric review was conducted,which included a historical background,author keywords,country and institution,citation,and co-citation analyses.The findings revealed an increase in the number of studies on urban terrorism following the 9/11 attacks in the United States,which accounted for the highest number of publications in the country.Most studies were conducted in government law,international relations,and urban studies.Keyword analysis revealed that counterterrorism,security,and disasters were more closely linked to terrorism.Thematic analysis identified six main themes related to urban spaces and terrorism:tourism,governance,resilience,public health,economy,security,and counterterrorism.This study emphasizes the importance of involving the public in counterterrorism efforts in addition to traditional approaches to addressing urban terrorism.
文摘Urban flooding has become a regular phenomenon in many towns and cities in the Asia Pacific region over the past years. Professionals associated with disaster management and climate change are at the forefront of addressing urban flooding. To reduce flood risks,vulnerability and its components must be understood.Vulnerability assessment methods are diverse and complex, with a varied nature of understanding the key terms used in various contexts, and this diversity ultimately reflects on the interpretation of results in research settings.Diverse interpretations and definitions exist in the disaster risk and climate change literature, complicating the process of astute and comprehensive vulnerability assessment. The main purpose of this study was to quantify vulnerability indicators and develop a multidimensional model for vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability is explored through the lens of five dimensions: social, economic, physical/infrastructural, institutional, and attitudinal. This methodology is applied to urban flooding in Pakistan, to verify the proposed model. Three study sites in urban areas with different population sizes, situated in high-risk flood zones in the Punjab Province of Pakistan were selected for empirical investigation. A household survey was conducted, and indices were developed for each dimension based on welldefined indicators. The proposed methodology for vulnerability assessment was tested and found operational. This method can be replicated irrespective of spatial scales and can be modified for other disasters by streamlining hazard specific indicators.
