We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 B.Exoplanet candidates...We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 B.Exoplanet candidates provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium apertures.The analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide,including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TESS Objects of Interest(TOIs)using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes,especially for long-period targets.TOI-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric data.We measure an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days,the radius is 0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s^(-1).TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data,whose orbital period is 5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days,radius is 0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849_(-40)^(+42)ms^(-1).展开更多
The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)has emerged as a promising model for investigating adrenal steroid synthesis,but it is unclear whether the same cells produce steroid hormones and whether their produc...The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)has emerged as a promising model for investigating adrenal steroid synthesis,but it is unclear whether the same cells produce steroid hormones and whether their production is regulated in the same way as in humans.Here,we comprehensively mapped the cell types and pathways of steroid metabolism in the adrenal gland of Chinese tree shrews using single-cell RNA sequencing,spatial transcriptome analysis,mass spectrometry,and immunohistochemistry.We compared the transcriptomes of various adrenal cell types across tree shrews,humans,macaques,and mice.Results showed that tree shrew adrenal glands expressed many of the same key enzymes for steroid synthesis as humans,including CYP11B2,CYP11B1,CYB5A,and CHGA.Biochemical analysis confirmed the production of aldosterone,cortisol,and dehydroepiandrosterone but not dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the tree shrew adrenal glands.Furthermore,genes in adrenal cell types in tree shrews were correlated with genetic risk factors for polycystic ovary syndrome,primary aldosteronism,hypertension,and related disorders in humans based on genome-wide association studies.Overall,this study suggests that the adrenal glands of Chinese tree shrews may consist of closely related cell populations with functional similarity to those of the human adrenal gland.Our comprehensive results(publicly available at http://gxmujyzmolab.cn:16245/scAGMap/)should facilitate the advancement of this animal model for the investigation of adrenal gland disorders.展开更多
Background:Metformin has pleiotropic effects beyond glucose reduction,including tumor inhibition and immune regulation.It enhanced the anti-tumor effects of programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)inhibitors in serine/th...Background:Metformin has pleiotropic effects beyond glucose reduction,including tumor inhibition and immune regulation.It enhanced the anti-tumor effects of programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)inhibitors in serine/threonine kinase 11(STK11)mutant non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)through an axis inhibition protein 1(AXIN1)-dependent manner.However,the alterations of tumor metabolism and metabolites upon metformin administration remain unclear.Methods:We performed untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography(LC)-mass spectrometry(MS)/MS system and conducted cell experiments to verify the results of bioinformatics analysis.Results:According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway database,most metabolites were annotated into metabolism,including nucleotide metabolism.Next,the differentially expressed metabolites in H460(refers to H460 cells),H460_met(refers to metformin-treated H460 cells),and H460_KO_met(refers to metformin-treated Axin1-/-H460 cells)were distributed into six clusters based on expression patterns.The clusters with a reversed expression pattern upon metformin treatment were selected for further analysis.We screened out metabolic pathways through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and found that multiple nucleotide metabolites enriched in this pathway were upregulated.Furthermore,these metabolites enhanced the cytotoxicity of activated T cells on H460 cells in vitro and can activate the stimulator of the interferon genes(STING)pathway independently of AXIN1.Conclusion:Relying on AXIN1,metformin upregulated multiple nucleotide metabolites which promoted STING signaling and the killing of activated T cells in STK11 mutant NSCLC,indicating a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for STK11 mutant NSCLC.展开更多
All eukaryotic cells can secrete extracellular vesicles, which have a double-membrane structure and are important players in the intercellular communication involved in a variety of important biological processes. Pla...All eukaryotic cells can secrete extracellular vesicles, which have a double-membrane structure and are important players in the intercellular communication involved in a variety of important biological processes. Platelets form platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) in response to activation, injury, or apoptosis. This review introduces the origin, pathway, and biological functions of PMPs and their importance in physiological and pathological processes. In addition, we review the potential applications of PMPs in cancer, vascular homeostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, neural regeneration, biomarkers, and drug carriers to achieve targeted drug delivery. In addition, we comprehensively report on the origin, biological functions, and applications of PMPs. The clinical transformation, high heterogeneity, future development direction, and limitations of the current research on PMPs are also discussed in depth. Evidence has revealed that PMPs play an important role in cell-cell communication, providing clues for the development of PMPs as carriers for relevant cell-targeted drugs. The development history and prospects of PMPs and their cargos are explored in this guidebook.展开更多
V0405 Dra is a W UMa-type binary star.Based on the TESS data,we have conducted an orbital period study and performed a light curve analysis for the system.The orbital period study reveals that the O-C curve for V0405 ...V0405 Dra is a W UMa-type binary star.Based on the TESS data,we have conducted an orbital period study and performed a light curve analysis for the system.The orbital period study reveals that the O-C curve for V0405 Dra exhibits secular decrease at an extremely high rate of d P/dt=-2.71×10^(-6)day year^(-1),along with periodic variations characterized by an amplitude of A_(3)=0.0032 day and a period of P_(3)=1.413 years.The orbital periodic change is possibly due to the light-travel time effect resulting from an additional third body in the system,for which we estimate a minimum mass of M_(3)=0.77M_(⊙).By employing the 2013 version of the Wilson-Devinney(W-D)method to synthesize a light curve,we derived photometric solutions indicating that V0405 Dra is a new deep(f=68.7%)and low-mass ratio(q=0.175)contact binary.The fast decrease in its orbital period is likely caused by mass transfer from the more massive primary star to the less massive secondary star,or due to angular momentum loss.With further mass transfer and loss of angular momentum,the binary will gradually evolve into a tighter contact configuration,eventually leading to a merger into a single star,following the evolutionary paths suggested for such deep and low mass ratio contact binaries.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC),a leading malignant disease,affects women all over the world.Cancer associated fibroblasts(CAFs)stimulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and induce chemoresistance and immunosuppression...BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC),a leading malignant disease,affects women all over the world.Cancer associated fibroblasts(CAFs)stimulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and induce chemoresistance and immunosuppression.AIM To establish a CAFs-associated prognostic signature to improve BC patient out-come estimation.METHODS We retrieved the transcript profile and clinical data of 1072 BC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)databases,and 3661 BC samples from the The Gene Expression Omnibus.CAFs and immune cell infiltrations were quantified using CIBERSORT algorithm.CAF-associated gene identification was done by weighted gene co-expression network analysis.A CAF risk signature was established via univariate,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression,and mul-tivariate Cox regression analyses.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)and Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to evaluate the predictability of the model.Subsequently,a nomogram was developed with the risk score and patient clinical signature.Using Spearman's correlations analysis,the relationship between CAF risk score and gene set enrichment scores were examined.Patient samples were collected to validate gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).RESULTS Employing an 8-gene(IL18,MYD88,GLIPR1,TNN,BHLHE41,DNAJB5,FKBP14,and XG)signature,we attemp-ted to estimate BC patient prognosis.Based on our analysis,high-risk patients exhibited worse outcomes than low-risk patients.Multivariate analysis revealed the risk score as an independent indicator of BC patient prognosis.ROC analysis exhibited satisfactory nomogram predictability.The area under the curve showed 0.805 at 3 years,and 0.801 at 5 years in the TCGA cohort.We also demonstrated that a reduced CAF risk score was strongly associated with enhanced chemotherapeutic outcomes.CAF risk score was significantly correlated with most hallmark gene sets.Finally,the prognostic signature were further validated by qRT-PCR.CONCLUSION We introduced a newly-discovered CAFs-associated gene signature,which can be employed to estimate BC patient outcomes conveniently and accurately.展开更多
Sodium borohydride(NaBH_(4)) is considered as the most potential hydrogen storage material for portable proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC)because of its high theoretical hydrogen capacity.However,the slow and ...Sodium borohydride(NaBH_(4)) is considered as the most potential hydrogen storage material for portable proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC)because of its high theoretical hydrogen capacity.However,the slow and poor kinetic stability of hydrogen generation from NaBH_(4) hydrolysis limits its application.There are two main factors influencing the kinetics stability of hydrogen generation from NaBH_(4).One factor is that the alkaline byproducts(NaBO_(2)) of the hydrolysis reaction can increase the pH of the solution,thus inhibiting the reaction process.It mainly happens in the NaBH_(4) solution hydrolysis system.Another factor is that the monotonous increase in reaction temperature leads to uncontrollable and unpredictable hydrolysis rates in the solid NaBH_(4) hydrolysis system.This is due to the excess heat generated from this exothermic reaction in the initial reaction of NaBH_(4) hydrolysis.In this perspective,we summarize the latest research progress in hydrogen generation from NaBH_(4) and emphasize the design principles of catalysts for hydrogen generation from NaBH_(4) solution and solid state NaBH_(4).The importance of carbon as catalyst support material for NaBH_(4) hydrolysis is also highlighted.展开更多
Optical logic gates play important roles in all-optical logic circuits,which lie at the heart of the next-generation optical computing technology.However,the intrinsic contradiction between compactness and robustness ...Optical logic gates play important roles in all-optical logic circuits,which lie at the heart of the next-generation optical computing technology.However,the intrinsic contradiction between compactness and robustness hinders the development in this field.Here,we propose a simple design principle that can possess multiple-input-output states according to the incident circular polarization and direction based on the metasurface doublet,which enables controlled-NOT logic gates in infrared region.Therefore,the directional asymmetric electromagnetic transmission can be achieved.As a proof of concept,a spin-dependent Janus metasurface is designed and experimentally verified that four distinct images corresponding to four input states can be captured in the far-field.In addition,since the design method is derived from geometric optics,it can be easily applied to other spectra.We believe that the proposed metasurface doublet may empower many potential applications in chiral imaging,chiroptical spectroscopy and optical computing.展开更多
Objective:To comparatively investigate the ameliorative effect of Phellinus igniarius(P.igniarius)on renal aging in a rat model of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).Methods:The FSGS model was established in...Objective:To comparatively investigate the ameliorative effect of Phellinus igniarius(P.igniarius)on renal aging in a rat model of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).Methods:The FSGS model was established in rats by uninephrectomy combined with tail vein injection of doxorubicin.The FSGS rats were randomly divided into the model group,the P.igniarius decoction group,the P.igniarius polysaccharides group,and the P.igniarius polyphenols group.Molecular indicators of cell senescence,renal function indexes,and podocyte injury markers were tested after ten weeks of intragastric administration.Besides,the pathological renal lesions and the ultrastructural changes were observed.Results:FSGS developed in the model group within ten weeks and showed segmental glomerular scarring and renal aging.Following the 10-week intervention,24 h proteinuria,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,P16^(INK4α),thrombospondin-1,and transforming growth factor-β1 were decreased in each treatment group,whereas albumin,erythropoietin,nephrin,and podocin were increased;the pathological renal injury was alleviated,and the number of senescent cells was reduced,especially in rats treated with P.igniarius decoction.Conclusions:P.igniarius ameliorates renal aging and renal injury in the FSGS rat model.Compared with the effective constituents(polysaccharides and polyphenols),P.igniarius decoction has a better curative effect,which is expected to provide a new therapeutic idea for FSGS.展开更多
Background The feed intake of sows during lactation is often lower than their needs.High-fiber feed is usually used during gestation to increase the voluntary feed intake of sows during lactation.However,the mechanism...Background The feed intake of sows during lactation is often lower than their needs.High-fiber feed is usually used during gestation to increase the voluntary feed intake of sows during lactation.However,the mechanism underlying the effect of bulky diets on the appetites of sows during lactation have not been fully clarified.The current study was conducted to determine whether a high-fiber diet during gestation improves lactational feed intake(LFI)of sows by modulating gut microbiota.Methods We selected an appropriate high-fiber diet during gestation and utilized the fecal microbial transplanta-tion(FMT)method to conduct research on the role of the gut microbiota in feed intake regulation of sows during lactation,as follows:high-fiber(HF)diet during gestation(n=23),low-fiber(LF)diet during gestation(n=23),and low-fiber diet+HF-FMT(LFM)during gestation(n=23).Results Compared with the LF,sows in the HF and LFM groups had a higher LFI,while the sows also had higher peptide tyrosine tyrosine and glucagon-like peptide 1 on d 110 of gestation(G110 d).The litter weight gain of piglets during lactation and weaning weight of piglets from LFM group were higher than LF group.Sows given a HF diet had lower Proteobacteria,especially Escherichia-Shigella,on G110 d and higher Lactobacillus,especially Lactobacil-lus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus,on d 7 of lactation(L7 d).The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was reduced by HF-FMT in numerically compared with the LF.In addition,HF and HF-FMT both decreased the perinatal concentrations of proinflammatory factors,such as endotoxin(ET),lipocalin-2(LCN-2),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).The concentration of ET and LCN-2 and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Escheri-chia-Shigella were negatively correlated with the LFI of sows.Conclusion The high abundance of Proteobacteria,especially Escherichia-Shigella of LF sows in late gestation,led to increased endotoxin levels,which result in inflammatory responses and adverse effects on the LFI of sows.Add-ing HF during gestation reverses this process by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus,especially Lactobacil-lus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus.展开更多
Small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMOylation)is a dynamic post-translational modification that maintains cardiac function and can protect against a hypertrophic response to cardiac pressure overload.However,the functi...Small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMOylation)is a dynamic post-translational modification that maintains cardiac function and can protect against a hypertrophic response to cardiac pressure overload.However,the function of SUMOylation after myocardial infarction(MI)and the molecular details of heart cell responses to SUMO1 deficiency have not been determined.In this study,we demonstrated that SUMO1 protein was inconsistently abundant in different cell types and heart regions after MI.However,SUMO1 knockout significantly exacerbated systolic dysfunction and infarct size after myocardial injury.Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed the differential role of SUMO1 in regulating heart cells.Among cardiomyocytes,SUMO1 deletion increased the Nppa^(+)Nppb^(+)Ankrd1^(+)cardiomyocyte subcluster pro-portion after MI.In addition,the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts subclusters was inhibited in SUMO1 knockout mice.Importantly,SUMO1 loss promoted proliferation of endothelial cell subsets with the ability to reconstitute neovascularization and expressed angiogenesis-related genes.Computational analysis of ligand/receptor interactions suggested putative pathways that mediate cardiomyocytes to endothelial cell communication in the myocardium.Mice preinjected with cardiomyocyte-specific AAV-SUMO1,but not the endothelial cell-specific form,and exhibited ameliorated cardiac remodeling following MI.Collectively,our results identified the role of SUMO1 in cardiomyocytes,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells after MI.These findings provide new insights into SUMO1 involvement in the patho-genesis of MI and reveal novel therapeutic targets.展开更多
The strain-controlled cyclic deformation behaviour of Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr with different structures was investigated. Alloys were prepared by solution, extrusion and pre-ageing extrusion, and the microstructures befor...The strain-controlled cyclic deformation behaviour of Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr with different structures was investigated. Alloys were prepared by solution, extrusion and pre-ageing extrusion, and the microstructures before and after the fatigue tests were characterized.Experimental results indicated that the bimodal structure owned the better performance in fatigue test, which was attributed to the higher yield strength. For the equiaxed structure, cyclic hardening induced stress concentration until the failure. Stable cyclic deformation and persistent cyclic softening played an important role at the low and high strain amplitudes, respectively. This was attributed to the formation of fine grains relieving the stress concentration during cyclic loading. In addition, residual twins were observed in equiaxed structure to induce crack, and the bimodal structure effectively restrain it.展开更多
NbC ceramic surface-reinforced steel matrix composites were prepared by an in-situ reaction method at different temperatures(1,050℃,1,100℃and 1,150℃)for different times(1 h,2 h and 3 h).The phase constitution,micro...NbC ceramic surface-reinforced steel matrix composites were prepared by an in-situ reaction method at different temperatures(1,050℃,1,100℃and 1,150℃)for different times(1 h,2 h and 3 h).The phase constitution,microstructure and fracture morphology of NbC ceramic surface-reinforced steel matrix composites were analyzed by XRD,SEM and EDS,and the effects of the in-situ reaction temperature and time on the mechanical properties were systematically studied.The results indicate that the NbC reinforcement layer is formed through the reaction between Nb atoms and carbon atoms diffused from the steel matrix to the Nb plate.The thickness of this reinforcement layer increases as the reaction time prolongs.Additionally,an increase in reaction temperature results in a thicker reinforcement layer,although the rate of increase gradually decreases.The relationship among the thickness of the Nb C reinforcement layer,the reaction time and temperature was established by data fitting.The optimal tensile performance is achieved at 1,100℃for 1 h,with a tensile strength of 228 MPa.It is also found that the defects between the reinforcement layer and the steel matrix are related to reaction temperature.At 1,100℃,these defects are minimal.Fracture mostly occurs in the NbC reinforced layer of the composites,and the fracture mode is characterized by typical intergranular brittle fracture.展开更多
Trusted Execution Environment(TEE)is an important part of the security architecture of modern mobile devices,but its secure interaction process brings extra computing burden to mobile devices.This paper takes open por...Trusted Execution Environment(TEE)is an important part of the security architecture of modern mobile devices,but its secure interaction process brings extra computing burden to mobile devices.This paper takes open portable trusted execution environment(OP-TEE)as the research object and deploys it to Raspberry Pi 3B,designs and implements a benchmark for OP-TEE,and analyzes its program characteristics.Furthermore,the application execution time,energy consumption and energy-delay product(EDP)are taken as the optimization objectives,and the central processing unit(CPU)frequency scheduling strategy of mobile devices is dynamically adjusted according to the characteristics of different applications through the combined model.The experimental result shows that compared with the default strategy,the scheduling method proposed in this paper saves 21.18%on average with the Line Regression-Decision Tree scheduling model with the shortest delay as the optimization objective.The Decision Tree-Support Vector Regression(SVR)scheduling model,which takes the lowest energy consumption as the optimization goal,saves 22%energy on average.The Decision Tree-K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN)scheduling model with the lowest EDP as the optimization objective optimizes about 33.9%on average.展开更多
[Objectives]miRNAs play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of different myoblasts.This study was conducted to elucidate the complex genetic mechanisms that affect the meat production performanc...[Objectives]miRNAs play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of different myoblasts.This study was conducted to elucidate the complex genetic mechanisms that affect the meat production performance of Sichuan white rabbits and reveal the regulatory role of miRNAs in their muscle growth and meat quality formation.[Methods]Three constructed skeletal muscle libraries of Sichuan white rabbits aged six months were sequenced by the solexa technology to identify known miRNAs,predict new miRNAs and construct an expression profile of muscle miRNAs.[Results]A total of 511 known miRNAs and 42 miRNAs were detected in 34089472 pure sequences,and the proportion of miRNAs with a length of 22 nt was the highest.The number of known miRNA sequences accounted for 71.38%of pure sequences,which was much higher than the proportion of other types of RNAs.The proportion of sequences from exons was 0.38%,indicating a low degree of mRNA degradation in the samples.Base U had the highest proportion at the first position,and the bases with the highest proportions at positions 8 and 10 were U and A,respectively.Muscle-specific miRNAs(miR-1,miR-133,and miR-206)ranked in the top 10 in terms of expression level.The number and expression levels of new miRNAs were lower than those of known miRNAs.The length distribution,base bias at different positions and expression profile characteristics of miRNAs might be related to the biological function of miRNAs in regulating muscle proliferation and differentiation and the action mechanisms with target genes.[Conclusions]The identification and expression of miRNAs in muscle tissues of Sichuan white rabbits will help to understand the complex molecular mechanisms of meat production performance and provide a theoretical basis for the functional research of miRNAs in meat rabbits.展开更多
Ag nanoparticles (NPs) thin films with various thicknesses were prepared by thermal evaporation method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to study the surface morphology, growth natu...Ag nanoparticles (NPs) thin films with various thicknesses were prepared by thermal evaporation method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to study the surface morphology, growth nature and optical properties of the films. The results indicate that the growth rates of Ag particles in lateral and vertical direction are variable, and the dominant growth rate of Ag particles in lateral direction will convert into dominant growth rate in vertical direction as films grow thicker. The mean value and distribution of Ag NPs height related with the location and width of SPR (surface plasmonresonance) peak. Higher mean height shifts SPR peak to longer wavelengths, and smaller deviation results in narrower width of SPR peaks.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.U1831209 and U2031144)the research fund of Ankara University(BAP)through the project 18A0759001。
文摘We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 B.Exoplanet candidates provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium apertures.The analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide,including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TESS Objects of Interest(TOIs)using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes,especially for long-period targets.TOI-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric data.We measure an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days,the radius is 0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s^(-1).TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data,whose orbital period is 5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days,radius is 0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849_(-40)^(+42)ms^(-1).
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi(2021AB13014)Major Project of Guangxi Innovation Driven(AA18118016)+7 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0908000)Natural Key Research and Development Project(2020YFA0113200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770759,82060145,31970814)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2021JJA140912)Advanced Innovation Teams and Xinghu Scholars Program of Guangxi Medical University,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine(19-050-22,19-185-33,20-065-33,22-35-17)Major Project of Scientific Research and Technology Development Plan of Nanning(20221023)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2022GXNSFAA035641)Self-funded Project of Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Z-A20230620)。
文摘The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)has emerged as a promising model for investigating adrenal steroid synthesis,but it is unclear whether the same cells produce steroid hormones and whether their production is regulated in the same way as in humans.Here,we comprehensively mapped the cell types and pathways of steroid metabolism in the adrenal gland of Chinese tree shrews using single-cell RNA sequencing,spatial transcriptome analysis,mass spectrometry,and immunohistochemistry.We compared the transcriptomes of various adrenal cell types across tree shrews,humans,macaques,and mice.Results showed that tree shrew adrenal glands expressed many of the same key enzymes for steroid synthesis as humans,including CYP11B2,CYP11B1,CYB5A,and CHGA.Biochemical analysis confirmed the production of aldosterone,cortisol,and dehydroepiandrosterone but not dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the tree shrew adrenal glands.Furthermore,genes in adrenal cell types in tree shrews were correlated with genetic risk factors for polycystic ovary syndrome,primary aldosteronism,hypertension,and related disorders in humans based on genome-wide association studies.Overall,this study suggests that the adrenal glands of Chinese tree shrews may consist of closely related cell populations with functional similarity to those of the human adrenal gland.Our comprehensive results(publicly available at http://gxmujyzmolab.cn:16245/scAGMap/)should facilitate the advancement of this animal model for the investigation of adrenal gland disorders.
基金People’s Hospital of Xuyong County-Southwest Medical University Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation Project(2023XYXNYD05)Guangdong Association of Clinical Trials(GACT)/Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group(CTONG)and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer(2017B030314120)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0554).
文摘Background:Metformin has pleiotropic effects beyond glucose reduction,including tumor inhibition and immune regulation.It enhanced the anti-tumor effects of programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)inhibitors in serine/threonine kinase 11(STK11)mutant non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)through an axis inhibition protein 1(AXIN1)-dependent manner.However,the alterations of tumor metabolism and metabolites upon metformin administration remain unclear.Methods:We performed untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography(LC)-mass spectrometry(MS)/MS system and conducted cell experiments to verify the results of bioinformatics analysis.Results:According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway database,most metabolites were annotated into metabolism,including nucleotide metabolism.Next,the differentially expressed metabolites in H460(refers to H460 cells),H460_met(refers to metformin-treated H460 cells),and H460_KO_met(refers to metformin-treated Axin1-/-H460 cells)were distributed into six clusters based on expression patterns.The clusters with a reversed expression pattern upon metformin treatment were selected for further analysis.We screened out metabolic pathways through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and found that multiple nucleotide metabolites enriched in this pathway were upregulated.Furthermore,these metabolites enhanced the cytotoxicity of activated T cells on H460 cells in vitro and can activate the stimulator of the interferon genes(STING)pathway independently of AXIN1.Conclusion:Relying on AXIN1,metformin upregulated multiple nucleotide metabolites which promoted STING signaling and the killing of activated T cells in STK11 mutant NSCLC,indicating a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for STK11 mutant NSCLC.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No:81901099 and 81703427)the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No:2018M641731).
文摘All eukaryotic cells can secrete extracellular vesicles, which have a double-membrane structure and are important players in the intercellular communication involved in a variety of important biological processes. Platelets form platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) in response to activation, injury, or apoptosis. This review introduces the origin, pathway, and biological functions of PMPs and their importance in physiological and pathological processes. In addition, we review the potential applications of PMPs in cancer, vascular homeostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, neural regeneration, biomarkers, and drug carriers to achieve targeted drug delivery. In addition, we comprehensively report on the origin, biological functions, and applications of PMPs. The clinical transformation, high heterogeneity, future development direction, and limitations of the current research on PMPs are also discussed in depth. Evidence has revealed that PMPs play an important role in cell-cell communication, providing clues for the development of PMPs as carriers for relevant cell-targeted drugs. The development history and prospects of PMPs and their cargos are explored in this guidebook.
基金supported by the Joint Research Fund in Astronomy(grant No.U1631108)under a cooperative agreement between the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant No.12103030)。
文摘V0405 Dra is a W UMa-type binary star.Based on the TESS data,we have conducted an orbital period study and performed a light curve analysis for the system.The orbital period study reveals that the O-C curve for V0405 Dra exhibits secular decrease at an extremely high rate of d P/dt=-2.71×10^(-6)day year^(-1),along with periodic variations characterized by an amplitude of A_(3)=0.0032 day and a period of P_(3)=1.413 years.The orbital periodic change is possibly due to the light-travel time effect resulting from an additional third body in the system,for which we estimate a minimum mass of M_(3)=0.77M_(⊙).By employing the 2013 version of the Wilson-Devinney(W-D)method to synthesize a light curve,we derived photometric solutions indicating that V0405 Dra is a new deep(f=68.7%)and low-mass ratio(q=0.175)contact binary.The fast decrease in its orbital period is likely caused by mass transfer from the more massive primary star to the less massive secondary star,or due to angular momentum loss.With further mass transfer and loss of angular momentum,the binary will gradually evolve into a tighter contact configuration,eventually leading to a merger into a single star,following the evolutionary paths suggested for such deep and low mass ratio contact binaries.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC),a leading malignant disease,affects women all over the world.Cancer associated fibroblasts(CAFs)stimulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and induce chemoresistance and immunosuppression.AIM To establish a CAFs-associated prognostic signature to improve BC patient out-come estimation.METHODS We retrieved the transcript profile and clinical data of 1072 BC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)databases,and 3661 BC samples from the The Gene Expression Omnibus.CAFs and immune cell infiltrations were quantified using CIBERSORT algorithm.CAF-associated gene identification was done by weighted gene co-expression network analysis.A CAF risk signature was established via univariate,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression,and mul-tivariate Cox regression analyses.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)and Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to evaluate the predictability of the model.Subsequently,a nomogram was developed with the risk score and patient clinical signature.Using Spearman's correlations analysis,the relationship between CAF risk score and gene set enrichment scores were examined.Patient samples were collected to validate gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).RESULTS Employing an 8-gene(IL18,MYD88,GLIPR1,TNN,BHLHE41,DNAJB5,FKBP14,and XG)signature,we attemp-ted to estimate BC patient prognosis.Based on our analysis,high-risk patients exhibited worse outcomes than low-risk patients.Multivariate analysis revealed the risk score as an independent indicator of BC patient prognosis.ROC analysis exhibited satisfactory nomogram predictability.The area under the curve showed 0.805 at 3 years,and 0.801 at 5 years in the TCGA cohort.We also demonstrated that a reduced CAF risk score was strongly associated with enhanced chemotherapeutic outcomes.CAF risk score was significantly correlated with most hallmark gene sets.Finally,the prognostic signature were further validated by qRT-PCR.CONCLUSION We introduced a newly-discovered CAFs-associated gene signature,which can be employed to estimate BC patient outcomes conveniently and accurately.
基金supported by MOST of China(No.2021YFB4000603)NSFC(No.22179002 and 51971004).
文摘Sodium borohydride(NaBH_(4)) is considered as the most potential hydrogen storage material for portable proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC)because of its high theoretical hydrogen capacity.However,the slow and poor kinetic stability of hydrogen generation from NaBH_(4) hydrolysis limits its application.There are two main factors influencing the kinetics stability of hydrogen generation from NaBH_(4).One factor is that the alkaline byproducts(NaBO_(2)) of the hydrolysis reaction can increase the pH of the solution,thus inhibiting the reaction process.It mainly happens in the NaBH_(4) solution hydrolysis system.Another factor is that the monotonous increase in reaction temperature leads to uncontrollable and unpredictable hydrolysis rates in the solid NaBH_(4) hydrolysis system.This is due to the excess heat generated from this exothermic reaction in the initial reaction of NaBH_(4) hydrolysis.In this perspective,we summarize the latest research progress in hydrogen generation from NaBH_(4) and emphasize the design principles of catalysts for hydrogen generation from NaBH_(4) solution and solid state NaBH_(4).The importance of carbon as catalyst support material for NaBH_(4) hydrolysis is also highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12104326,12104329 and 62105228)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2022NSFSC2000)+3 种基金the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and MicroEngineeringfunding by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG,German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy–EXC 2089/1–390776260 (e-conversion)the context of the Bavarian Collaborative Research Project Solar Technologies Go Hybrid (SolTech)the support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC)
文摘Optical logic gates play important roles in all-optical logic circuits,which lie at the heart of the next-generation optical computing technology.However,the intrinsic contradiction between compactness and robustness hinders the development in this field.Here,we propose a simple design principle that can possess multiple-input-output states according to the incident circular polarization and direction based on the metasurface doublet,which enables controlled-NOT logic gates in infrared region.Therefore,the directional asymmetric electromagnetic transmission can be achieved.As a proof of concept,a spin-dependent Janus metasurface is designed and experimentally verified that four distinct images corresponding to four input states can be captured in the far-field.In addition,since the design method is derived from geometric optics,it can be easily applied to other spectra.We believe that the proposed metasurface doublet may empower many potential applications in chiral imaging,chiroptical spectroscopy and optical computing.
基金supported by the Public Welfare Technology Application Research Program of Zhejiang Province (LGC21H290002)Key Projects of Zhejiang Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2020ZZ016).
文摘Objective:To comparatively investigate the ameliorative effect of Phellinus igniarius(P.igniarius)on renal aging in a rat model of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).Methods:The FSGS model was established in rats by uninephrectomy combined with tail vein injection of doxorubicin.The FSGS rats were randomly divided into the model group,the P.igniarius decoction group,the P.igniarius polysaccharides group,and the P.igniarius polyphenols group.Molecular indicators of cell senescence,renal function indexes,and podocyte injury markers were tested after ten weeks of intragastric administration.Besides,the pathological renal lesions and the ultrastructural changes were observed.Results:FSGS developed in the model group within ten weeks and showed segmental glomerular scarring and renal aging.Following the 10-week intervention,24 h proteinuria,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,P16^(INK4α),thrombospondin-1,and transforming growth factor-β1 were decreased in each treatment group,whereas albumin,erythropoietin,nephrin,and podocin were increased;the pathological renal injury was alleviated,and the number of senescent cells was reduced,especially in rats treated with P.igniarius decoction.Conclusions:P.igniarius ameliorates renal aging and renal injury in the FSGS rat model.Compared with the effective constituents(polysaccharides and polyphenols),P.igniarius decoction has a better curative effect,which is expected to provide a new therapeutic idea for FSGS.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of Sichuan Province[2023NSFSC0010]National Natural Science Foundation of China[32230102]+1 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Sichuan Province[No.2021ZDZX0009]National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Sichuan Pig innovation team[scsztd-2023-08-03].
文摘Background The feed intake of sows during lactation is often lower than their needs.High-fiber feed is usually used during gestation to increase the voluntary feed intake of sows during lactation.However,the mechanism underlying the effect of bulky diets on the appetites of sows during lactation have not been fully clarified.The current study was conducted to determine whether a high-fiber diet during gestation improves lactational feed intake(LFI)of sows by modulating gut microbiota.Methods We selected an appropriate high-fiber diet during gestation and utilized the fecal microbial transplanta-tion(FMT)method to conduct research on the role of the gut microbiota in feed intake regulation of sows during lactation,as follows:high-fiber(HF)diet during gestation(n=23),low-fiber(LF)diet during gestation(n=23),and low-fiber diet+HF-FMT(LFM)during gestation(n=23).Results Compared with the LF,sows in the HF and LFM groups had a higher LFI,while the sows also had higher peptide tyrosine tyrosine and glucagon-like peptide 1 on d 110 of gestation(G110 d).The litter weight gain of piglets during lactation and weaning weight of piglets from LFM group were higher than LF group.Sows given a HF diet had lower Proteobacteria,especially Escherichia-Shigella,on G110 d and higher Lactobacillus,especially Lactobacil-lus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus,on d 7 of lactation(L7 d).The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was reduced by HF-FMT in numerically compared with the LF.In addition,HF and HF-FMT both decreased the perinatal concentrations of proinflammatory factors,such as endotoxin(ET),lipocalin-2(LCN-2),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).The concentration of ET and LCN-2 and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Escheri-chia-Shigella were negatively correlated with the LFI of sows.Conclusion The high abundance of Proteobacteria,especially Escherichia-Shigella of LF sows in late gestation,led to increased endotoxin levels,which result in inflammatory responses and adverse effects on the LFI of sows.Add-ing HF during gestation reverses this process by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus,especially Lactobacil-lus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus.
基金the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medi-cine(Grant No.:ZYYCXTD-D-202207)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82270304,81774050,and 81901526)+1 种基金the Tianjin Special Project of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology(Project No.:18ZXZNSY00260)the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China“Program for Innovative Research Team in University”(Project No.:IRT_16R54).
文摘Small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMOylation)is a dynamic post-translational modification that maintains cardiac function and can protect against a hypertrophic response to cardiac pressure overload.However,the function of SUMOylation after myocardial infarction(MI)and the molecular details of heart cell responses to SUMO1 deficiency have not been determined.In this study,we demonstrated that SUMO1 protein was inconsistently abundant in different cell types and heart regions after MI.However,SUMO1 knockout significantly exacerbated systolic dysfunction and infarct size after myocardial injury.Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed the differential role of SUMO1 in regulating heart cells.Among cardiomyocytes,SUMO1 deletion increased the Nppa^(+)Nppb^(+)Ankrd1^(+)cardiomyocyte subcluster pro-portion after MI.In addition,the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts subclusters was inhibited in SUMO1 knockout mice.Importantly,SUMO1 loss promoted proliferation of endothelial cell subsets with the ability to reconstitute neovascularization and expressed angiogenesis-related genes.Computational analysis of ligand/receptor interactions suggested putative pathways that mediate cardiomyocytes to endothelial cell communication in the myocardium.Mice preinjected with cardiomyocyte-specific AAV-SUMO1,but not the endothelial cell-specific form,and exhibited ameliorated cardiac remodeling following MI.Collectively,our results identified the role of SUMO1 in cardiomyocytes,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells after MI.These findings provide new insights into SUMO1 involvement in the patho-genesis of MI and reveal novel therapeutic targets.
基金the supports provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52075501)“XX supporting scientific research project”(xxxx2019-021)JCKY2018408B003,Magnesium alloy highperformance XXX multi-directional extrusion technology。
文摘The strain-controlled cyclic deformation behaviour of Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr with different structures was investigated. Alloys were prepared by solution, extrusion and pre-ageing extrusion, and the microstructures before and after the fatigue tests were characterized.Experimental results indicated that the bimodal structure owned the better performance in fatigue test, which was attributed to the higher yield strength. For the equiaxed structure, cyclic hardening induced stress concentration until the failure. Stable cyclic deformation and persistent cyclic softening played an important role at the low and high strain amplitudes, respectively. This was attributed to the formation of fine grains relieving the stress concentration during cyclic loading. In addition, residual twins were observed in equiaxed structure to induce crack, and the bimodal structure effectively restrain it.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20235,52171127)Guangdong East Northwest New R&D Institution Construction(No.2019B090905009)+2 种基金Guangdong Aluminum Strip and Foil Processing Enterprise Research Institute(No.2014B090903012)Development and Electrochemical Performance of Magnesium Alloy Anode Material for Battery(No.2020GDASYL-20200103137)Qingyuan Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2021SJXM030)。
文摘NbC ceramic surface-reinforced steel matrix composites were prepared by an in-situ reaction method at different temperatures(1,050℃,1,100℃and 1,150℃)for different times(1 h,2 h and 3 h).The phase constitution,microstructure and fracture morphology of NbC ceramic surface-reinforced steel matrix composites were analyzed by XRD,SEM and EDS,and the effects of the in-situ reaction temperature and time on the mechanical properties were systematically studied.The results indicate that the NbC reinforcement layer is formed through the reaction between Nb atoms and carbon atoms diffused from the steel matrix to the Nb plate.The thickness of this reinforcement layer increases as the reaction time prolongs.Additionally,an increase in reaction temperature results in a thicker reinforcement layer,although the rate of increase gradually decreases.The relationship among the thickness of the Nb C reinforcement layer,the reaction time and temperature was established by data fitting.The optimal tensile performance is achieved at 1,100℃for 1 h,with a tensile strength of 228 MPa.It is also found that the defects between the reinforcement layer and the steel matrix are related to reaction temperature.At 1,100℃,these defects are minimal.Fracture mostly occurs in the NbC reinforced layer of the composites,and the fracture mode is characterized by typical intergranular brittle fracture.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2019YFC1520904 from January 2020 to April 2023funded by Shaanxi Innovation Program under Grant 2023-CX-TD-04 January 2023 to December 2025.
文摘Trusted Execution Environment(TEE)is an important part of the security architecture of modern mobile devices,but its secure interaction process brings extra computing burden to mobile devices.This paper takes open portable trusted execution environment(OP-TEE)as the research object and deploys it to Raspberry Pi 3B,designs and implements a benchmark for OP-TEE,and analyzes its program characteristics.Furthermore,the application execution time,energy consumption and energy-delay product(EDP)are taken as the optimization objectives,and the central processing unit(CPU)frequency scheduling strategy of mobile devices is dynamically adjusted according to the characteristics of different applications through the combined model.The experimental result shows that compared with the default strategy,the scheduling method proposed in this paper saves 21.18%on average with the Line Regression-Decision Tree scheduling model with the shortest delay as the optimization objective.The Decision Tree-Support Vector Regression(SVR)scheduling model,which takes the lowest energy consumption as the optimization goal,saves 22%energy on average.The Decision Tree-K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN)scheduling model with the lowest EDP as the optimization objective optimizes about 33.9%on average.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project of Scientific Research Institutions(2021JDZH0019)National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of the Ministry of Agriculture(CARS-43-D-1)+4 种基金Sichuan Provincial Breeding Research(2021YFYZ0033)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research Business of Sichuan Animal Science Academy(SASA202105SASA202305)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC0171)Basic Research for Application of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project(2021YJ0267)。
文摘[Objectives]miRNAs play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of different myoblasts.This study was conducted to elucidate the complex genetic mechanisms that affect the meat production performance of Sichuan white rabbits and reveal the regulatory role of miRNAs in their muscle growth and meat quality formation.[Methods]Three constructed skeletal muscle libraries of Sichuan white rabbits aged six months were sequenced by the solexa technology to identify known miRNAs,predict new miRNAs and construct an expression profile of muscle miRNAs.[Results]A total of 511 known miRNAs and 42 miRNAs were detected in 34089472 pure sequences,and the proportion of miRNAs with a length of 22 nt was the highest.The number of known miRNA sequences accounted for 71.38%of pure sequences,which was much higher than the proportion of other types of RNAs.The proportion of sequences from exons was 0.38%,indicating a low degree of mRNA degradation in the samples.Base U had the highest proportion at the first position,and the bases with the highest proportions at positions 8 and 10 were U and A,respectively.Muscle-specific miRNAs(miR-1,miR-133,and miR-206)ranked in the top 10 in terms of expression level.The number and expression levels of new miRNAs were lower than those of known miRNAs.The length distribution,base bias at different positions and expression profile characteristics of miRNAs might be related to the biological function of miRNAs in regulating muscle proliferation and differentiation and the action mechanisms with target genes.[Conclusions]The identification and expression of miRNAs in muscle tissues of Sichuan white rabbits will help to understand the complex molecular mechanisms of meat production performance and provide a theoretical basis for the functional research of miRNAs in meat rabbits.
文摘Ag nanoparticles (NPs) thin films with various thicknesses were prepared by thermal evaporation method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to study the surface morphology, growth nature and optical properties of the films. The results indicate that the growth rates of Ag particles in lateral and vertical direction are variable, and the dominant growth rate of Ag particles in lateral direction will convert into dominant growth rate in vertical direction as films grow thicker. The mean value and distribution of Ag NPs height related with the location and width of SPR (surface plasmonresonance) peak. Higher mean height shifts SPR peak to longer wavelengths, and smaller deviation results in narrower width of SPR peaks.
