Human milk is the ideal nutritional support for premature neonates. Considering the need for aggregating nutritional value to human milk provided to such vulnerable group of infants, human milk was concentrated by the...Human milk is the ideal nutritional support for premature neonates. Considering the need for aggregating nutritional value to human milk provided to such vulnerable group of infants, human milk was concentrated by the block freeze concentration technique. The effects of freeze concentration on the physicochemical properties, the efficiency of the process, color parameters, and the density and dynamic viscosity of human milk were assessed. The freeze concentration technology was used to successfully concentrate human milk to a factor equal to 180.48% and 72% of total solid retention in the second stage of freeze concentration. The values observed in the concentrates for the biochemical properties showed that the fraction of concentrated fluid human milk of the second stage (C2) presented elevated amounts of carbohydrates, protein and energy. The elevated caloric value observed in the ice fraction of the first stage (I1) refers to the retention of lipids in it. When added to human milk, C2 and I1 may satisfy the special requisites of nutrients and energy to guarantee the growth and development of preterm neonates.展开更多
The aim of this study was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to investigate the effects of different modified fats on the body weight, biochemical profile, and biomarkers of hepatic oxidat...The aim of this study was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to investigate the effects of different modified fats on the body weight, biochemical profile, and biomarkers of hepatic oxidative status in Balb-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">c</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mice. The animals were divided into four groups and fed for 75 days with a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">normolipidic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Control Group</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> CG) or </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">hiperlipidic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> diets (40% kcal) containing a commercial interesterified fat (IFG) rich in palmitic acid (39%);a blend of non-interesterified fat (NIFG), with 2-fold less saturated fatty acids at the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sn</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2 position of triacylglycerols;or </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a partially</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> hydrogenated vegetable oil (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PHFG), source of trans fatty acid (20%) and of linolenic acid (6%). The mice of the IFG and NIFG presented similar results in all evaluated parameters. The serum biochemical profile and hepatic oxidative stress markers in mice of the PHFG were similar to CG, except for total cholesterol (TC) which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the mice of th</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e PHFG. The mice feed with interesterified fat (IFG) showed serum TC (p < 0.01), non-HDL-C (p < 0.05), glucose (p < 0.05) and hepatic reduced glutathione values (2.7 fold, p < 0.05) and glutathione reductase activity (2.4 fold, p < 0.001) significantly higher when compared to the mice </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fed</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHFG). The hydrogenated fat source of trans fatty acid (20%) had less important metabolic effects than fats containing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">amount</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of palmitic acid (interesterified or non-interesterified). Our results suggest that the replacement of hydrogenated fats by interesterified fats may not be such a simple solution to reduce or eliminate </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">trans</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> fatty acids in foods.展开更多
INTRODUCTION:Ensuring food safety is a challenge for developed and developing countries and depends on the combined efforts of government,regulators,academia,consumers,food producers,and suppliers.OBJECTIVE:In this wo...INTRODUCTION:Ensuring food safety is a challenge for developed and developing countries and depends on the combined efforts of government,regulators,academia,consumers,food producers,and suppliers.OBJECTIVE:In this work,an overview of the main regulatory aspects related to chemical hazards in the Brazilian food and beverage industry is presented.The presence of contaminants,food additives,and residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs,including current regulations and their impacts on the safety and quality of locally produced foods,are discussed.BACKGROUND:In Brazil,the assessment,management,and communication of human health risks in food and beverage are the joint responsibility of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture,Livestock and Food Supply,which enforce the international regulations established mainly by the Codex Alimentarius Commission,the European Commission,and the US Food and Drug Administration.CONCLUSIONS:Constant updates of the national legislation following internationally recognized standards,the intensification of the existing monitoring plans and efficient actions of sanitary surveillance,major investments in scientific research,and a greater awareness among the food producers may contribute to the safety and quality of the food produced in Brazil.展开更多
INTRODUCTION:In the recent decades,a global effort from food suppliers,industries,and governments has ensured that food production would meet the high quality required by the sanitary authorities,minimizing public hea...INTRODUCTION:In the recent decades,a global effort from food suppliers,industries,and governments has ensured that food production would meet the high quality required by the sanitary authorities,minimizing public health implications and economic losses caused by food-borne diseases.BACKGROUND:Several programmes and initiatives have been developed worldwide both by government agencies and the private sector to achieve this goal.Food-borne diseases,caused by pathogens,natural toxins,and chemical contaminants,remain a global public health challenge,since new threats are continuously emerging while others are being controlled.Also,in many countries,the consumption of food prepared outside the home increases the exposure to the risks posed by poor hygiene in food service.In this context,a reliable sanitary surveillance system is urgently needed to identify potential hazards,conduct risk analysis,and control food-borne diseases outbreaks worldwide.BRAZILIAN SAFETY POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS:Brazil national agencies are tasked with controlling the hazards in the food chain by means of federal regulations based on a set of global sanitary authorities’guidelines.CONCLUSION:The occurrence of food-borne diseases,control measures,policies,and regulatory frameworks in Brazil drawn to ensure the quality and safety of food are presented in this paper.展开更多
In recent years,coconut oil has emerged as a potential‘miracle’food.Some media vehicles and health specialists assure that this fat is capable of promoting health benefits,such as weight reduction,cholesterol loweri...In recent years,coconut oil has emerged as a potential‘miracle’food.Some media vehicles and health specialists assure that this fat is capable of promoting health benefits,such as weight reduction,cholesterol lowering,prevention of cardiovascular diseases,and anti-inflammatory effect,among others.These claims are used to market the product and boost its sales by coconut oil companies.However,governmental regulatory agencies in many countries are still sceptical about the benefits obtained by the consumption of coconut oil due to its high-saturated fatty acid content.In light of such controversy,this review focused on analysing the published literature on the alleged health claims,in order to investigate if there is enough scientific evidence to support them.It was verified that the metabolism of lauric acid,the major fatty acid in coconut oil,remains unclear.Many studies reported that the product was not efficient in weight loss.Also,it has been reported that the consumption of coconut oil increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,consequently increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.In general,the studies present conflicting results and there is a lack of long-term human-based clinical trials.Therefore,as a saturated fat,coconut oil should be consumed with moderation and the health allegations should not be used to market the product,once they are not scientifically proven so far.展开更多
Objectives:In this work the current policies and regulatory actions of the government agencies in Brazil for ensuring nutritional quality are discussed.Material and methods:Information on the efforts of industry,acade...Objectives:In this work the current policies and regulatory actions of the government agencies in Brazil for ensuring nutritional quality are discussed.Material and methods:Information on the efforts of industry,academia and nongovernmental organizations to achieve the proposed goals,the results achieved and the challenges that must still be faced by the different sectors of the Brazilian society are presented and discussed.Results:The joint action of regulatory agencies,the food production sector,non-governmental entities and academia resulted in the reduction of saturated and trans fats,salt and sugar in foods produced in Brazil.Limitations:Most of the information related to the food industries in Brazil is made available by ABIA(Brazilian Association of Food Industries)which represents around 60%of the food market in Brazil.Information regarding the rest of the market is limited.Conclusions:The reduction of saturated and‘trans’fats,sodium,and sugar in industrialized foods seems an effective strategy for reducing the intake of these compounds by the Brazilian population.In addition the adequate nutrition labeling and consumer education will allow healthier food choices by the population.展开更多
文摘Human milk is the ideal nutritional support for premature neonates. Considering the need for aggregating nutritional value to human milk provided to such vulnerable group of infants, human milk was concentrated by the block freeze concentration technique. The effects of freeze concentration on the physicochemical properties, the efficiency of the process, color parameters, and the density and dynamic viscosity of human milk were assessed. The freeze concentration technology was used to successfully concentrate human milk to a factor equal to 180.48% and 72% of total solid retention in the second stage of freeze concentration. The values observed in the concentrates for the biochemical properties showed that the fraction of concentrated fluid human milk of the second stage (C2) presented elevated amounts of carbohydrates, protein and energy. The elevated caloric value observed in the ice fraction of the first stage (I1) refers to the retention of lipids in it. When added to human milk, C2 and I1 may satisfy the special requisites of nutrients and energy to guarantee the growth and development of preterm neonates.
文摘The aim of this study was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to investigate the effects of different modified fats on the body weight, biochemical profile, and biomarkers of hepatic oxidative status in Balb-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">c</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mice. The animals were divided into four groups and fed for 75 days with a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">normolipidic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Control Group</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> CG) or </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">hiperlipidic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> diets (40% kcal) containing a commercial interesterified fat (IFG) rich in palmitic acid (39%);a blend of non-interesterified fat (NIFG), with 2-fold less saturated fatty acids at the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sn</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2 position of triacylglycerols;or </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a partially</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> hydrogenated vegetable oil (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PHFG), source of trans fatty acid (20%) and of linolenic acid (6%). The mice of the IFG and NIFG presented similar results in all evaluated parameters. The serum biochemical profile and hepatic oxidative stress markers in mice of the PHFG were similar to CG, except for total cholesterol (TC) which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the mice of th</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e PHFG. The mice feed with interesterified fat (IFG) showed serum TC (p < 0.01), non-HDL-C (p < 0.05), glucose (p < 0.05) and hepatic reduced glutathione values (2.7 fold, p < 0.05) and glutathione reductase activity (2.4 fold, p < 0.001) significantly higher when compared to the mice </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fed</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHFG). The hydrogenated fat source of trans fatty acid (20%) had less important metabolic effects than fats containing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">amount</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of palmitic acid (interesterified or non-interesterified). Our results suggest that the replacement of hydrogenated fats by interesterified fats may not be such a simple solution to reduce or eliminate </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">trans</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> fatty acids in foods.
文摘INTRODUCTION:Ensuring food safety is a challenge for developed and developing countries and depends on the combined efforts of government,regulators,academia,consumers,food producers,and suppliers.OBJECTIVE:In this work,an overview of the main regulatory aspects related to chemical hazards in the Brazilian food and beverage industry is presented.The presence of contaminants,food additives,and residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs,including current regulations and their impacts on the safety and quality of locally produced foods,are discussed.BACKGROUND:In Brazil,the assessment,management,and communication of human health risks in food and beverage are the joint responsibility of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture,Livestock and Food Supply,which enforce the international regulations established mainly by the Codex Alimentarius Commission,the European Commission,and the US Food and Drug Administration.CONCLUSIONS:Constant updates of the national legislation following internationally recognized standards,the intensification of the existing monitoring plans and efficient actions of sanitary surveillance,major investments in scientific research,and a greater awareness among the food producers may contribute to the safety and quality of the food produced in Brazil.
文摘INTRODUCTION:In the recent decades,a global effort from food suppliers,industries,and governments has ensured that food production would meet the high quality required by the sanitary authorities,minimizing public health implications and economic losses caused by food-borne diseases.BACKGROUND:Several programmes and initiatives have been developed worldwide both by government agencies and the private sector to achieve this goal.Food-borne diseases,caused by pathogens,natural toxins,and chemical contaminants,remain a global public health challenge,since new threats are continuously emerging while others are being controlled.Also,in many countries,the consumption of food prepared outside the home increases the exposure to the risks posed by poor hygiene in food service.In this context,a reliable sanitary surveillance system is urgently needed to identify potential hazards,conduct risk analysis,and control food-borne diseases outbreaks worldwide.BRAZILIAN SAFETY POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS:Brazil national agencies are tasked with controlling the hazards in the food chain by means of federal regulations based on a set of global sanitary authorities’guidelines.CONCLUSION:The occurrence of food-borne diseases,control measures,policies,and regulatory frameworks in Brazil drawn to ensure the quality and safety of food are presented in this paper.
文摘In recent years,coconut oil has emerged as a potential‘miracle’food.Some media vehicles and health specialists assure that this fat is capable of promoting health benefits,such as weight reduction,cholesterol lowering,prevention of cardiovascular diseases,and anti-inflammatory effect,among others.These claims are used to market the product and boost its sales by coconut oil companies.However,governmental regulatory agencies in many countries are still sceptical about the benefits obtained by the consumption of coconut oil due to its high-saturated fatty acid content.In light of such controversy,this review focused on analysing the published literature on the alleged health claims,in order to investigate if there is enough scientific evidence to support them.It was verified that the metabolism of lauric acid,the major fatty acid in coconut oil,remains unclear.Many studies reported that the product was not efficient in weight loss.Also,it has been reported that the consumption of coconut oil increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,consequently increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.In general,the studies present conflicting results and there is a lack of long-term human-based clinical trials.Therefore,as a saturated fat,coconut oil should be consumed with moderation and the health allegations should not be used to market the product,once they are not scientifically proven so far.
文摘Objectives:In this work the current policies and regulatory actions of the government agencies in Brazil for ensuring nutritional quality are discussed.Material and methods:Information on the efforts of industry,academia and nongovernmental organizations to achieve the proposed goals,the results achieved and the challenges that must still be faced by the different sectors of the Brazilian society are presented and discussed.Results:The joint action of regulatory agencies,the food production sector,non-governmental entities and academia resulted in the reduction of saturated and trans fats,salt and sugar in foods produced in Brazil.Limitations:Most of the information related to the food industries in Brazil is made available by ABIA(Brazilian Association of Food Industries)which represents around 60%of the food market in Brazil.Information regarding the rest of the market is limited.Conclusions:The reduction of saturated and‘trans’fats,sodium,and sugar in industrialized foods seems an effective strategy for reducing the intake of these compounds by the Brazilian population.In addition the adequate nutrition labeling and consumer education will allow healthier food choices by the population.
