The necessity to saline and sodic waters is sometimes used for irrigating agricultural activities under certain circumstances, but it is important to note that the use of these waters comes with specific consideration...The necessity to saline and sodic waters is sometimes used for irrigating agricultural activities under certain circumstances, but it is important to note that the use of these waters comes with specific considerations and limitations. One way to decrease undesirable effects of sodic waters on the physical and chemical properties of soils is to apply organic and chemical amendments within the soil. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of saline water on soil acidity, alkalinity and nutrients leaching in sandy loamy soil at Bella flower farm, in Rwamagana District, Rwanda. The water used was from the Muhazi Lake which is classified as Class I (Saline water quality). Column leaching experiments using treated soils were then conducted under saturated conditions. The soil under experimental was first analyzed for its textural classification, soil properties and is classified as sandy loamy soil. The t-test was taken at 1%, 5% and 10% levels of statistical significance compared to control soil. The results indicated that the application of saline water to soils caused an increase in some soil nutrients like increase of Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), Magnesium (Mg2<sup>+</sup>), Sulphur (S), CN ratio and Sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) and decreased soil texture, physical and chemical properties and remained soil nutrients. Consequently, the intensive addition of saline water leachates to soil in PVC pipes led to decreased of soil EC through leaching and a raiser Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP). The rate of saline water application affected the increase accumulation of SAR and Na% in the top soil layers. The study indicated that saline water is an inefficient amendment for sandy soil with saline water irrigation. The study recommends further studies with similar topic with saline water irrigation, as it accentuated the alkalinity levels.展开更多
The assessment of the impacts of converting natural wetlands to agricultural farms in Nyabugogo wetland was the main objective for this research. Considering the efficiency of agricultural activities management, opera...The assessment of the impacts of converting natural wetlands to agricultural farms in Nyabugogo wetland was the main objective for this research. Considering the efficiency of agricultural activities management, operation and their maintenance in Kigali is essential to reduce the increasing environmental pollution, to raise production and to search for a sustainable method of environmental conservation, this research assesses the pollutant removal efficiency of agriculture such as crops and animal residues in order to enhance the sustainable agriculture development mainly physico-chemical characteristics and some biological characteristics and based on the preliminary assessment and review of existing literature on agriculture management systems for water resources and other environmental conservation concerns in Kigali, the research aims at contributing to the search of an appropriate agriculture management that is more efficient in terms of the increase in productivity, hence contributing to environmental sustainability. Six sampling sites were chosen in Nyabugogo wetland that is Nyabugogo, Karuruma, Kabuye (2 destinations), and Nyacyonga (2 destinations). Nyabugogo and Karuruma in the rural area, and Nyacyonga in the urban area, were chosen for the investigation of fecal coliforms. On the two first locations, Nyabugogo (80 cfu/100ml) and Karuruma (40 cfu/100ml), the study found low but not insignificant results. This is related to the dispersion of habitation in rural areas. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) ranged from 178.1 mg/l to 179.9 mg/l at Site 1 (dry season) and subsequent test (rainy season) results ranged from 178 to 200 mg/l. The results showed different TDS in different test areas. The TDS was as low as 145.4 mg/l in the surface water of SP4 and as high as 179.9 mg/l in SP1, and in the second survey, the minimum value was 140.3 mg/l and the maximum value was 285 mg/l in SP3. Because the high turbidity levels seen along the river, in the Nyabugogo catchment, erosion protection measures should be implemented, including the use of terraces where there is agricultural activity and tree plantations, particularly at Nyabugogo sites. As a result, the Nyabugogo Riverbanks must be preserved. It would cut down on the quantity of sediment that ends up in waterways.展开更多
The present paper sought </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to</span&g...The present paper sought </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> assess some physico-chemical parameters above permissible guidelines of irrigation water standard, the study was carried during establishment of Ecotourism Park. The field survey design was used and it was accompanied </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> laboratory tests to analyze the levels of physico-chemical parameters in both seasons (dry season and wet seasons) for water bodies as well as groundwater. The physical chemical parameters analysed were Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR) Kelly Index (KI) Total Hardness (TH), pH, the Electric conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Our analyzed samples fall</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">into permissible limit of irrigation water quality, the mean values of electrical conductivity were high. The knowledge from this study will be used in establishment of Nyandungu recreation park irrigating with water quality on gardens surrounding recreation park and local community.展开更多
Climate is a general weather condition in the air above the Earth such as wind,temperature,humidity, rain...especially at a particular time over a particular area.It is said that there is interdependence between those...Climate is a general weather condition in the air above the Earth such as wind,temperature,humidity, rain...especially at a particular time over a particular area.It is said that there is interdependence between those elements.In order to check out this connectivity, a statistical analysis between rainfall and temperature was carried out by analyzing the correlation and linear regression as well as testing the展开更多
The paper analyzed the seasonal variation of the concentrations of Cr,Mn,Al,N,P,As,Ba,Ca,Cu,Fe,Mg,and K in South Lake Cyohoha water using spectroscopic technique.Water samples were taken monthly at Ngenda,Karehe and N...The paper analyzed the seasonal variation of the concentrations of Cr,Mn,Al,N,P,As,Ba,Ca,Cu,Fe,Mg,and K in South Lake Cyohoha water using spectroscopic technique.Water samples were taken monthly at Ngenda,Karehe and Nyamabuye stations from January 2009 to December 2010.The results showed that the concentrations of aluminum,nitrogen,potassium,arsenic,phosphorous,manganese,chromium,barium and copper were high during the raining season and low during the dry season,while calcium,iron and magnesium varied independently with seasonal change.The results of conductivity and pH also confirmed the effects of seasonal change on the quality of water in the South Lake Cyohoha since the highest value of conductivity was found during the raining season,while the smallest was observed during the dry season,for pH the highest number was noticed during the dry season and the lowest during the raining season.展开更多
文摘The necessity to saline and sodic waters is sometimes used for irrigating agricultural activities under certain circumstances, but it is important to note that the use of these waters comes with specific considerations and limitations. One way to decrease undesirable effects of sodic waters on the physical and chemical properties of soils is to apply organic and chemical amendments within the soil. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of saline water on soil acidity, alkalinity and nutrients leaching in sandy loamy soil at Bella flower farm, in Rwamagana District, Rwanda. The water used was from the Muhazi Lake which is classified as Class I (Saline water quality). Column leaching experiments using treated soils were then conducted under saturated conditions. The soil under experimental was first analyzed for its textural classification, soil properties and is classified as sandy loamy soil. The t-test was taken at 1%, 5% and 10% levels of statistical significance compared to control soil. The results indicated that the application of saline water to soils caused an increase in some soil nutrients like increase of Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), Magnesium (Mg2<sup>+</sup>), Sulphur (S), CN ratio and Sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) and decreased soil texture, physical and chemical properties and remained soil nutrients. Consequently, the intensive addition of saline water leachates to soil in PVC pipes led to decreased of soil EC through leaching and a raiser Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP). The rate of saline water application affected the increase accumulation of SAR and Na% in the top soil layers. The study indicated that saline water is an inefficient amendment for sandy soil with saline water irrigation. The study recommends further studies with similar topic with saline water irrigation, as it accentuated the alkalinity levels.
文摘The assessment of the impacts of converting natural wetlands to agricultural farms in Nyabugogo wetland was the main objective for this research. Considering the efficiency of agricultural activities management, operation and their maintenance in Kigali is essential to reduce the increasing environmental pollution, to raise production and to search for a sustainable method of environmental conservation, this research assesses the pollutant removal efficiency of agriculture such as crops and animal residues in order to enhance the sustainable agriculture development mainly physico-chemical characteristics and some biological characteristics and based on the preliminary assessment and review of existing literature on agriculture management systems for water resources and other environmental conservation concerns in Kigali, the research aims at contributing to the search of an appropriate agriculture management that is more efficient in terms of the increase in productivity, hence contributing to environmental sustainability. Six sampling sites were chosen in Nyabugogo wetland that is Nyabugogo, Karuruma, Kabuye (2 destinations), and Nyacyonga (2 destinations). Nyabugogo and Karuruma in the rural area, and Nyacyonga in the urban area, were chosen for the investigation of fecal coliforms. On the two first locations, Nyabugogo (80 cfu/100ml) and Karuruma (40 cfu/100ml), the study found low but not insignificant results. This is related to the dispersion of habitation in rural areas. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) ranged from 178.1 mg/l to 179.9 mg/l at Site 1 (dry season) and subsequent test (rainy season) results ranged from 178 to 200 mg/l. The results showed different TDS in different test areas. The TDS was as low as 145.4 mg/l in the surface water of SP4 and as high as 179.9 mg/l in SP1, and in the second survey, the minimum value was 140.3 mg/l and the maximum value was 285 mg/l in SP3. Because the high turbidity levels seen along the river, in the Nyabugogo catchment, erosion protection measures should be implemented, including the use of terraces where there is agricultural activity and tree plantations, particularly at Nyabugogo sites. As a result, the Nyabugogo Riverbanks must be preserved. It would cut down on the quantity of sediment that ends up in waterways.
文摘The present paper sought </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> assess some physico-chemical parameters above permissible guidelines of irrigation water standard, the study was carried during establishment of Ecotourism Park. The field survey design was used and it was accompanied </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> laboratory tests to analyze the levels of physico-chemical parameters in both seasons (dry season and wet seasons) for water bodies as well as groundwater. The physical chemical parameters analysed were Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR) Kelly Index (KI) Total Hardness (TH), pH, the Electric conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Our analyzed samples fall</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">into permissible limit of irrigation water quality, the mean values of electrical conductivity were high. The knowledge from this study will be used in establishment of Nyandungu recreation park irrigating with water quality on gardens surrounding recreation park and local community.
文摘Climate is a general weather condition in the air above the Earth such as wind,temperature,humidity, rain...especially at a particular time over a particular area.It is said that there is interdependence between those elements.In order to check out this connectivity, a statistical analysis between rainfall and temperature was carried out by analyzing the correlation and linear regression as well as testing the
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(51179032,51279031)
文摘The paper analyzed the seasonal variation of the concentrations of Cr,Mn,Al,N,P,As,Ba,Ca,Cu,Fe,Mg,and K in South Lake Cyohoha water using spectroscopic technique.Water samples were taken monthly at Ngenda,Karehe and Nyamabuye stations from January 2009 to December 2010.The results showed that the concentrations of aluminum,nitrogen,potassium,arsenic,phosphorous,manganese,chromium,barium and copper were high during the raining season and low during the dry season,while calcium,iron and magnesium varied independently with seasonal change.The results of conductivity and pH also confirmed the effects of seasonal change on the quality of water in the South Lake Cyohoha since the highest value of conductivity was found during the raining season,while the smallest was observed during the dry season,for pH the highest number was noticed during the dry season and the lowest during the raining season.
