Neuroinflammation and the NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome play crucial roles in secondary tissue damage following an initial insult in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Maraviroc,a ...Neuroinflammation and the NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome play crucial roles in secondary tissue damage following an initial insult in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Maraviroc,a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 antagonist,has been viewed as a new therapeutic strategy for many neuroinflammatory diseases.We studied the effect of maraviroc on TBI-induced neuroinflammation.A moderate-TBI mouse model was subjected to a controlled cortical impact device.Maraviroc or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour after TBI and then once per day for 3 consecutive days.Western blot,immunohistochemistry,and TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling)analyses were performed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of maraviroc at 3 days post-TBI.Our results suggest that maraviroc administration reduced NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation,modulated microglial polarization from M1 to M2,decreased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration,and inhibited the release of inflammatory factors after TBI.Moreover,maraviroc treatment decreased the activation of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes,which,in turn,exacerbated neuronal cell death.Additionally,we confirmed the neuroprotective effect of maraviroc using the modified neurological severity score,rotarod test,Morris water maze test,and lesion volume measurements.In summary,our findings indicate that maraviroc might be a desirable pharmacotherapeutic strategy for TBI,and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 might be a promising pharmacotherapeutic target to improve recovery after TBI.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury can cause loss of neuronal tissue, remote symptomatic epilepsy, and cognitive deficits. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of traumatic brain injury are not yet clear. Hippocampal ex...Traumatic brain injury can cause loss of neuronal tissue, remote symptomatic epilepsy, and cognitive deficits. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of traumatic brain injury are not yet clear. Hippocampal excitability is strongly correlated with cognitive dysfunction and remote symptomatic epilepsy. In this study, we examined the relationship between traumatic brain injury-induced neuronal loss and subsequent hippocampal regional excitability. We used hydraulic percussion to generate a rat model of traumatic brain injury. At 7 days after injury, the mean modified neurological severity score was 9.5, suggesting that the neurological function of the rats was remarkably impaired. Electrophysiology and immunocytochemical staining revealed increases in the slope of excitatory postsynaptic potentials and long-term depression(indicating weakened long-term inhibition), and the numbers of cholecystokinin and parvalbumin immunoreactive cells were clearly reduced in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. These results indicate that interneuronal loss and changes in excitability occurred in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Thus, traumatic brain injury-induced loss of interneurons appears to be associated with reduced long-term depression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.展开更多
Hydraulic fracturing is a critical technology for the economic development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.The main factor influencing fracture propping and reservoir stimulation effect is proppant performanc...Hydraulic fracturing is a critical technology for the economic development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.The main factor influencing fracture propping and reservoir stimulation effect is proppant performance.The increasing depth of fractured oil and gas reservoirs is causing growing difficulty in hydraulic fracturing.Moreover,the migration of conventional proppants within the fracture is always limited due to small fracture width and rigid proppant structure.Thus,proppants with good transportation capacity and fracture propping effects are needed.First,a novel self-generated proppant based on toughened low-viscosity and low-density epoxy resin was developed to satisfy this demand.Then,proppant performances were evaluated.Low-viscosity and low-density epoxy resin was generated when the thiol-ene click chemical reaction product of eugenol and 1-thioglycerol reacts with the epichlorohydrin.Then,the resin was toughened with graphite particles to increase its compressive strength from50.8 to 72.1 MPa based on micro-cracking mechanism and crazing-nail anchor mechanism.The adduct of diethylene triamine and butyl glycidyl ether and the Si O2 nanoparticles were treated as the curing agent and emulsifier respectively to form the emulsion.The emulsion is transformed into solid particles of various sizes within a reservoir to prop the fracture.Evaluation shows good migration capacity of this self-generated proppant due to the low density of epoxy resin.展开更多
Green and efficient NO_(x)removal at low temperature is still desired.NO_(x)removal via non-thermal plasma(NTP)reduction is one of such technique.This work presents the experimental and theoretical study on the NO_(x)...Green and efficient NO_(x)removal at low temperature is still desired.NO_(x)removal via non-thermal plasma(NTP)reduction is one of such technique.This work presents the experimental and theoretical study on the NO_(x)removal via NTP reduction(NTPRD)in dielectric barrier discharge reactor(DBD).The effect of O_(2)molar fraction on NO_(x)species in the outlet of DBD,and effects of NH_(3)/NO_(x)molar ratio and discharge power of DBD on NO_(x)removal efficiency are investigated.Results indicate that anaerobic condition and higher discharge power is beneficial to direct removal of NO_(x),and the NO_(x),removal efficiency can be up to 98.5%under the optimal operating conditions.It is also found that adding NH_(3)is favorable for the reduction of NO_(x),to N_(2)at lower discharge power.In addition,the NO_(x)removal mechanism and energy consumption analysis for the NTPRD process are also studied.It is found that the reduced active species(N^(+),N^(-),N^(+),N_(2)^(*),NH_(2)^(+),etc.)generated in the NTPRD process play important roles for the reduction of NO_(x),to N_(2).Our work paves a novel pathway for NO_(x)removal from anaerobic gas in industrial application.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 81930031 (to JNZ), 81720108015 (to JNZ), 81901525 (to SZ), 82101440 (to DDS), 81801234 (to YZ) and 82071389 (to GLY)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, Nos. 20JCQNJC01270 (to JWW), 20JCQNJC00460 (to GLY), 18JCQNJC81000 (to HTR)+4 种基金Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission (Natural Science), No. 2018KJ052 (to ZWZ)Tianjin Health and Health Committee Science and Technology Project, No. QN20015 (to JWW)the Science & Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education, No. 2016YD02 (to YW)Tianjin Key Science and Technology Projects of Innovative Drugs and Medical Devices, No. 19ZXYXSY00070 (to YW)the Clinical Research Fundation of Tianjin Medical University, No. 2018kylc002 (to YW)
文摘Neuroinflammation and the NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome play crucial roles in secondary tissue damage following an initial insult in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Maraviroc,a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 antagonist,has been viewed as a new therapeutic strategy for many neuroinflammatory diseases.We studied the effect of maraviroc on TBI-induced neuroinflammation.A moderate-TBI mouse model was subjected to a controlled cortical impact device.Maraviroc or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour after TBI and then once per day for 3 consecutive days.Western blot,immunohistochemistry,and TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling)analyses were performed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of maraviroc at 3 days post-TBI.Our results suggest that maraviroc administration reduced NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation,modulated microglial polarization from M1 to M2,decreased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration,and inhibited the release of inflammatory factors after TBI.Moreover,maraviroc treatment decreased the activation of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes,which,in turn,exacerbated neuronal cell death.Additionally,we confirmed the neuroprotective effect of maraviroc using the modified neurological severity score,rotarod test,Morris water maze test,and lesion volume measurements.In summary,our findings indicate that maraviroc might be a desirable pharmacotherapeutic strategy for TBI,and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 might be a promising pharmacotherapeutic target to improve recovery after TBI.
基金Projects(51474245,51571214)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2015GK3004,2015JC3006)supported by the Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province,China+3 种基金Project(2016YFB1100101)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,ChinaProject(K1502003-11)supported by the Changsha Municipal Major Science and Technology Program,ChinaProject(CSUZC2015030)supported by the Open-End Fund for the Valuable and Precision Instruments of CSU,ChinaProjects(2015CX004,2016CX003)supported by the Project of Innovation-driven Plan in CSU,China
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81330029,81501057the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China,No.17JCQNJC12000the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Funding in China,No.ZYYFY2016014
文摘Traumatic brain injury can cause loss of neuronal tissue, remote symptomatic epilepsy, and cognitive deficits. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of traumatic brain injury are not yet clear. Hippocampal excitability is strongly correlated with cognitive dysfunction and remote symptomatic epilepsy. In this study, we examined the relationship between traumatic brain injury-induced neuronal loss and subsequent hippocampal regional excitability. We used hydraulic percussion to generate a rat model of traumatic brain injury. At 7 days after injury, the mean modified neurological severity score was 9.5, suggesting that the neurological function of the rats was remarkably impaired. Electrophysiology and immunocytochemical staining revealed increases in the slope of excitatory postsynaptic potentials and long-term depression(indicating weakened long-term inhibition), and the numbers of cholecystokinin and parvalbumin immunoreactive cells were clearly reduced in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. These results indicate that interneuronal loss and changes in excitability occurred in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Thus, traumatic brain injury-induced loss of interneurons appears to be associated with reduced long-term depression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52074332)express their gratitude to project ZR2020YQ36 supported by Shandong Provincial Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars+1 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC under Grand ZD 2019-184-002-003CNPC Innovation Found(Grant No.2021DQ02-1006)。
文摘Hydraulic fracturing is a critical technology for the economic development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.The main factor influencing fracture propping and reservoir stimulation effect is proppant performance.The increasing depth of fractured oil and gas reservoirs is causing growing difficulty in hydraulic fracturing.Moreover,the migration of conventional proppants within the fracture is always limited due to small fracture width and rigid proppant structure.Thus,proppants with good transportation capacity and fracture propping effects are needed.First,a novel self-generated proppant based on toughened low-viscosity and low-density epoxy resin was developed to satisfy this demand.Then,proppant performances were evaluated.Low-viscosity and low-density epoxy resin was generated when the thiol-ene click chemical reaction product of eugenol and 1-thioglycerol reacts with the epichlorohydrin.Then,the resin was toughened with graphite particles to increase its compressive strength from50.8 to 72.1 MPa based on micro-cracking mechanism and crazing-nail anchor mechanism.The adduct of diethylene triamine and butyl glycidyl ether and the Si O2 nanoparticles were treated as the curing agent and emulsifier respectively to form the emulsion.The emulsion is transformed into solid particles of various sizes within a reservoir to prop the fracture.Evaluation shows good migration capacity of this self-generated proppant due to the low density of epoxy resin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21878009 and 21725601).
文摘Green and efficient NO_(x)removal at low temperature is still desired.NO_(x)removal via non-thermal plasma(NTP)reduction is one of such technique.This work presents the experimental and theoretical study on the NO_(x)removal via NTP reduction(NTPRD)in dielectric barrier discharge reactor(DBD).The effect of O_(2)molar fraction on NO_(x)species in the outlet of DBD,and effects of NH_(3)/NO_(x)molar ratio and discharge power of DBD on NO_(x)removal efficiency are investigated.Results indicate that anaerobic condition and higher discharge power is beneficial to direct removal of NO_(x),and the NO_(x),removal efficiency can be up to 98.5%under the optimal operating conditions.It is also found that adding NH_(3)is favorable for the reduction of NO_(x),to N_(2)at lower discharge power.In addition,the NO_(x)removal mechanism and energy consumption analysis for the NTPRD process are also studied.It is found that the reduced active species(N^(+),N^(-),N^(+),N_(2)^(*),NH_(2)^(+),etc.)generated in the NTPRD process play important roles for the reduction of NO_(x),to N_(2).Our work paves a novel pathway for NO_(x)removal from anaerobic gas in industrial application.
