Finesse is a critical parameter for describing the characteristics of an optical enhancement cavity(OEC). This paper first presents a review of finesse measurement techniques, including a comparative analysis of the a...Finesse is a critical parameter for describing the characteristics of an optical enhancement cavity(OEC). This paper first presents a review of finesse measurement techniques, including a comparative analysis of the advantages, disadvantages, and potential limitations of several main methods from both theoretical and practical perspectives. A variant of the existing method called the free spectral range(FSR) modulation method is proposed and compared with three other finesse measurement methods, i.e., the fast-switching cavity ring-down(CRD) method, the rapidly swept-frequency(SF) CRD method, and the ringing effect method. A high-power OEC platform with a high finesse of approximately 16000 is built and measured with the four methods. The performance of these methods is compared, and the results show that the FSR modulation method and the fast-switching CRD method are more suitable and accurate than the other two methods for high-finesse OEC measurements. The CRD method and the ringing effect method can be implemented in open loop using simple equipment and are easy to perform. Additionally, recommendations for selecting finesse measurement methods under different conditions are proposed, which benefit the development of OEC and its applications.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conduc...AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conducted using a standardized recognition acuity chart(Snellen visual chart:at 3 m)and the baby vision model assessment.The baby vision device includes a screen,a near infrared camera and a computer.Children were seated at a measured distance of 33-40 cm from a display for testing.VA was estimated according to the highest resolution the children could follow.Decimal VA data were converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR)for statistical analysis.The VA results for each child were recorded and analyzed for consistency.RESULTS:The mean VA measured using the Snellen visual chart was 0.62±0.32,and that assessed using the baby vision test was 0.66±0.27.The 95%limit of agreement was-0.609 to 0.695,with 95.2%(100/105)plots within the 95%limits of agreement.VA values of the baby vision test were significantly correlated with those of the Snellen chart(R=0.274,P=0.005).CONCLUSION:The baby vision test can be used as a relatively reliable method for estimating VA in young children.This new acuity assessment might be a valid predictor of optotype-measured acuity later in preverbal children.展开更多
As the extension of the linear inverted pendulum(LIP) and planar inverted pendulum(PIP), this paper proposes a novel spatial inverted pendulum(SIP). The SIP is the most general inverted pendulum(IP) than any existing ...As the extension of the linear inverted pendulum(LIP) and planar inverted pendulum(PIP), this paper proposes a novel spatial inverted pendulum(SIP). The SIP is the most general inverted pendulum(IP) than any existing IP. The model of the SIP is presented for the first time. The SIP inherits all the characteristics of the LIP and the PIP, which is a nonlinear,unstable and underactuated system. The SIP has five degrees of motion freedom and three control forces. Thus, it is a multipleinput and multiple-output(MIMO) system with nonlinear dynamics. To realize the spatial trajectory tracking of the SIP,the control structure with five PID controllers will be designed.The parameter tuning of the multiple PIDs is a challenging work for the proposed SIP model. To alleviate the difficulties of the parameter tuning for the multiple PID controllers, optimal PIDs can be achieved with the help of Big Bang – Big Crunch(BBBC) optimization. The BBBC algorithm can successfully optimize the parameters of the multiple PID controllers with high convergence speed. The optimization performance index of the BBBC algorithm is compared with that of the particle swarm optimization(PSO). Simulation results certify the rightness and effectiveness of the proposed control and optimization methods.展开更多
Background:To compare the differentially expressed genes between ulcerative colitis mouse colon tissue and normal mouse colon tissue,screen out hub genes,explore the biological meaning of these genes,and reveal ulcera...Background:To compare the differentially expressed genes between ulcerative colitis mouse colon tissue and normal mouse colon tissue,screen out hub genes,explore the biological meaning of these genes,and reveal ulcerative colitis's pathogenesis.Methods:Gene expression profiles(GSE22307)were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.We conducted differential screens of the expression of genes(differentially expressed genes)between two groups using the online tool Gene Expression Omnibus 2R,then use the ClueGO plugin in Cytoscape software to perform gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis on differentially expressed genes.Molecular Complex Detection plugin was used to visualize differentially expressed genes'gene-gene interaction network and screen for gene modules.The cytohubba plugin was used to screen the hub genes and then analyzed with the ClueGO plugin to further understand ulcerative colitis's specific biological mechanism.Result:A total of 1,151 differentially expressed genes were identified,among which 798 were upregulated,and the remaining 353 were down-regulated.The gene ontology results revealed that these differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in inflammation,cytokine activity,protein binding,and several other biological processes.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated the differentially expressed genes were mainly increased in the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathway.Using the gene-gene interaction network analysis,we found that IL1B,PTPRC,ITPKB,ITGAM,IL6,and TNF may be responsible for ulcerative colitis's occurrence and development.Those target genes were enriched mainly in the neutrophil apoptotic process and positive regulation of humoral immune response.Conclusion:The results of our study indicated that those differentially expressed genes,especially IL1B,PTPRC,ITPKB,ITGAM,IL6,and TNF,may be associated with the development and progression of ulcerative colitis.展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. Methods: C56 BL/6J mice were selected as experimental animals and divided into control group, I/R group and ...Objective: To study the effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. Methods: C56 BL/6J mice were selected as experimental animals and divided into control group, I/R group and Sev group. I/R group and Sev group were established into cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury models through suture method, and Sev group were given consecutive 4 days of sevoflurane pretreatment before model establishment. The ischemia reperfusion brain tissue was collected to determine the mRNA expression of apoptosis genes and the levels of oxidative stress indexes. Results: Bcl-2, HAX-1, Mcl-1 and Survivin mRNA expression as well as Prdx6 and SOD levels in brain tissue of I/R group were significantly lower than those of control group whereas NF-kB, p53, Noxa, PTEN and Fas mRNA expression as well as Nox4, ROS and MDA levels were significantly higher than those of control group;Bcl-2, HAX-1, Mcl-1 and Survivin mRNA expression as well as Prdx6 and SOD levels in brain tissue of Sev group were significantly higher than those of I/R group whereas NF-kB, p53, Noxa, PTEN and Fas mRNA expression as well as Nox4, ROS and MDA levels were significantly lower than those of I/R group. Conclusion: Sevoflurane pretreatment can inhibit the apoptosis and oxidative stress response to alleviate the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.展开更多
The excessive emission of CO_(2) has caused many environmental issues and is severely threatening the eco-system.CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) that driven by sustainable power is an ideal route for reali...The excessive emission of CO_(2) has caused many environmental issues and is severely threatening the eco-system.CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) that driven by sustainable power is an ideal route for realizing the net reduction of CO_(2) and carbon recycle.Developing efficient electrocatalysts with low cost and high performance is critical for the wide applications of CO_(2) RR electrolysis.Among the various explored CO_(2) RR catalysts,non-noble metal(NNM)-based nanomaterials have drawn increasing attentions due to the remarkable performance and low cost.In this mini-review,the recent advances of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts are summarized,and the catalysts are classified based on their corresponding reduction products.The preparation strategies for engineering the electrocatalysts are introduced,and the relevant CO_(2) RR mechanisms are discussed in detail.Finally,the current challenges in CO_(2) RR research are presented,and some perspectives are proposed for the future development of CO_(2) RR technology.This mini-review introduces the recent advances and frontiers of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts,which should shed light on the further exploration of efficient CO_(2) RR electrocatalysts.展开更多
The highly conductive solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have led to great progress in the development of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs);however, there are obstacles to their application such as poor interfacial stabi...The highly conductive solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have led to great progress in the development of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs);however, there are obstacles to their application such as poor interfacial stability, scalability challenges, production safety and sustainability of ASSBs which still demand prompt solution. In Nature Nanotechnology, Tan and colleagues summarize solutions to overcome some major fundamental obstacles faced by the ASSB community。展开更多
Li metal is the most attractive and promising anode material for next-generation high-energy batteries.However,uncontrolled Li dendrite growth during cycling remains a highly challenging drawback.To solve this problem...Li metal is the most attractive and promising anode material for next-generation high-energy batteries.However,uncontrolled Li dendrite growth during cycling remains a highly challenging drawback.To solve this problem,silver-coated graphene(Ag/GH)was prepared via a simple liquid-phase reduction method.The effect of Ag/GH on Li deposition behavior was investigated by adjusting the dispersion of Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs).Subsequently,a composite electrode was fabricated via uniform deposition of metallic Li on Ag/GH.Ag was used as a lithiophilic nucleating agent to ensure uniform deposition of Li and inhibit the growth of Li dendrites on the anode.The prepared composite anode showed a significantly improved performance compared to the unmodified electrode.The symmetric cell comprising this composite electrode exhibited a stable cycling performance with a low hysteresis of~40 mV and a lifetime of>2000 h at a current density of 0.5 mA·cm^(-2).Meanwhile,the discharge capacity reached 0.5 mAh·cm^(-2).In addition,Ag/GH was found to be amenable to large-scale synthesis.Thus,the composite Ag/GH anode exhibited improved performance and the preparation method showed significant potential for application in the manufacture of Li metal batteries.展开更多
基金Project supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFA1603403)。
文摘Finesse is a critical parameter for describing the characteristics of an optical enhancement cavity(OEC). This paper first presents a review of finesse measurement techniques, including a comparative analysis of the advantages, disadvantages, and potential limitations of several main methods from both theoretical and practical perspectives. A variant of the existing method called the free spectral range(FSR) modulation method is proposed and compared with three other finesse measurement methods, i.e., the fast-switching cavity ring-down(CRD) method, the rapidly swept-frequency(SF) CRD method, and the ringing effect method. A high-power OEC platform with a high finesse of approximately 16000 is built and measured with the four methods. The performance of these methods is compared, and the results show that the FSR modulation method and the fast-switching CRD method are more suitable and accurate than the other two methods for high-finesse OEC measurements. The CRD method and the ringing effect method can be implemented in open loop using simple equipment and are easy to perform. Additionally, recommendations for selecting finesse measurement methods under different conditions are proposed, which benefit the development of OEC and its applications.
文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conducted using a standardized recognition acuity chart(Snellen visual chart:at 3 m)and the baby vision model assessment.The baby vision device includes a screen,a near infrared camera and a computer.Children were seated at a measured distance of 33-40 cm from a display for testing.VA was estimated according to the highest resolution the children could follow.Decimal VA data were converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR)for statistical analysis.The VA results for each child were recorded and analyzed for consistency.RESULTS:The mean VA measured using the Snellen visual chart was 0.62±0.32,and that assessed using the baby vision test was 0.66±0.27.The 95%limit of agreement was-0.609 to 0.695,with 95.2%(100/105)plots within the 95%limits of agreement.VA values of the baby vision test were significantly correlated with those of the Snellen chart(R=0.274,P=0.005).CONCLUSION:The baby vision test can be used as a relatively reliable method for estimating VA in young children.This new acuity assessment might be a valid predictor of optotype-measured acuity later in preverbal children.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21473168 and No.21873088)the Natural Science Foundation of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions (No.KJ2016A144)
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61873079)。
文摘As the extension of the linear inverted pendulum(LIP) and planar inverted pendulum(PIP), this paper proposes a novel spatial inverted pendulum(SIP). The SIP is the most general inverted pendulum(IP) than any existing IP. The model of the SIP is presented for the first time. The SIP inherits all the characteristics of the LIP and the PIP, which is a nonlinear,unstable and underactuated system. The SIP has five degrees of motion freedom and three control forces. Thus, it is a multipleinput and multiple-output(MIMO) system with nonlinear dynamics. To realize the spatial trajectory tracking of the SIP,the control structure with five PID controllers will be designed.The parameter tuning of the multiple PIDs is a challenging work for the proposed SIP model. To alleviate the difficulties of the parameter tuning for the multiple PID controllers, optimal PIDs can be achieved with the help of Big Bang – Big Crunch(BBBC) optimization. The BBBC algorithm can successfully optimize the parameters of the multiple PID controllers with high convergence speed. The optimization performance index of the BBBC algorithm is compared with that of the particle swarm optimization(PSO). Simulation results certify the rightness and effectiveness of the proposed control and optimization methods.
文摘Background:To compare the differentially expressed genes between ulcerative colitis mouse colon tissue and normal mouse colon tissue,screen out hub genes,explore the biological meaning of these genes,and reveal ulcerative colitis's pathogenesis.Methods:Gene expression profiles(GSE22307)were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.We conducted differential screens of the expression of genes(differentially expressed genes)between two groups using the online tool Gene Expression Omnibus 2R,then use the ClueGO plugin in Cytoscape software to perform gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis on differentially expressed genes.Molecular Complex Detection plugin was used to visualize differentially expressed genes'gene-gene interaction network and screen for gene modules.The cytohubba plugin was used to screen the hub genes and then analyzed with the ClueGO plugin to further understand ulcerative colitis's specific biological mechanism.Result:A total of 1,151 differentially expressed genes were identified,among which 798 were upregulated,and the remaining 353 were down-regulated.The gene ontology results revealed that these differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in inflammation,cytokine activity,protein binding,and several other biological processes.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated the differentially expressed genes were mainly increased in the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathway.Using the gene-gene interaction network analysis,we found that IL1B,PTPRC,ITPKB,ITGAM,IL6,and TNF may be responsible for ulcerative colitis's occurrence and development.Those target genes were enriched mainly in the neutrophil apoptotic process and positive regulation of humoral immune response.Conclusion:The results of our study indicated that those differentially expressed genes,especially IL1B,PTPRC,ITPKB,ITGAM,IL6,and TNF,may be associated with the development and progression of ulcerative colitis.
文摘Objective: To study the effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. Methods: C56 BL/6J mice were selected as experimental animals and divided into control group, I/R group and Sev group. I/R group and Sev group were established into cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury models through suture method, and Sev group were given consecutive 4 days of sevoflurane pretreatment before model establishment. The ischemia reperfusion brain tissue was collected to determine the mRNA expression of apoptosis genes and the levels of oxidative stress indexes. Results: Bcl-2, HAX-1, Mcl-1 and Survivin mRNA expression as well as Prdx6 and SOD levels in brain tissue of I/R group were significantly lower than those of control group whereas NF-kB, p53, Noxa, PTEN and Fas mRNA expression as well as Nox4, ROS and MDA levels were significantly higher than those of control group;Bcl-2, HAX-1, Mcl-1 and Survivin mRNA expression as well as Prdx6 and SOD levels in brain tissue of Sev group were significantly higher than those of I/R group whereas NF-kB, p53, Noxa, PTEN and Fas mRNA expression as well as Nox4, ROS and MDA levels were significantly lower than those of I/R group. Conclusion: Sevoflurane pretreatment can inhibit the apoptosis and oxidative stress response to alleviate the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52001227 and 51972224)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M661014)。
文摘The excessive emission of CO_(2) has caused many environmental issues and is severely threatening the eco-system.CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) that driven by sustainable power is an ideal route for realizing the net reduction of CO_(2) and carbon recycle.Developing efficient electrocatalysts with low cost and high performance is critical for the wide applications of CO_(2) RR electrolysis.Among the various explored CO_(2) RR catalysts,non-noble metal(NNM)-based nanomaterials have drawn increasing attentions due to the remarkable performance and low cost.In this mini-review,the recent advances of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts are summarized,and the catalysts are classified based on their corresponding reduction products.The preparation strategies for engineering the electrocatalysts are introduced,and the relevant CO_(2) RR mechanisms are discussed in detail.Finally,the current challenges in CO_(2) RR research are presented,and some perspectives are proposed for the future development of CO_(2) RR technology.This mini-review introduces the recent advances and frontiers of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts,which should shed light on the further exploration of efficient CO_(2) RR electrocatalysts.
文摘The highly conductive solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have led to great progress in the development of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs);however, there are obstacles to their application such as poor interfacial stability, scalability challenges, production safety and sustainability of ASSBs which still demand prompt solution. In Nature Nanotechnology, Tan and colleagues summarize solutions to overcome some major fundamental obstacles faced by the ASSB community。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972224)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M661014)。
文摘Li metal is the most attractive and promising anode material for next-generation high-energy batteries.However,uncontrolled Li dendrite growth during cycling remains a highly challenging drawback.To solve this problem,silver-coated graphene(Ag/GH)was prepared via a simple liquid-phase reduction method.The effect of Ag/GH on Li deposition behavior was investigated by adjusting the dispersion of Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs).Subsequently,a composite electrode was fabricated via uniform deposition of metallic Li on Ag/GH.Ag was used as a lithiophilic nucleating agent to ensure uniform deposition of Li and inhibit the growth of Li dendrites on the anode.The prepared composite anode showed a significantly improved performance compared to the unmodified electrode.The symmetric cell comprising this composite electrode exhibited a stable cycling performance with a low hysteresis of~40 mV and a lifetime of>2000 h at a current density of 0.5 mA·cm^(-2).Meanwhile,the discharge capacity reached 0.5 mAh·cm^(-2).In addition,Ag/GH was found to be amenable to large-scale synthesis.Thus,the composite Ag/GH anode exhibited improved performance and the preparation method showed significant potential for application in the manufacture of Li metal batteries.
