AIM:To investigate whether the two-step strategy[conjunctival flap covering surgery(CFCS)combined with secondary deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)]is effective for patients with high-risk fungal keratitis(FK)....AIM:To investigate whether the two-step strategy[conjunctival flap covering surgery(CFCS)combined with secondary deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)]is effective for patients with high-risk fungal keratitis(FK).METHODS:In this noncomparative,retrospective case series,10 subjects(6 males,4 females)with a mean age of 56.5±7.1(range 47-72)y with high-risk FK undergone the two-step strategy were included.Reported outcome measures were healing of the corneal ulcer,recurrence of FK,reject reaction,improvement in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and relevant complications.RESULTS:The average diameter of corneal infiltrates was 7.50±0.39 mm,ranging from 6.94 to 8.13 mm.The mean depth of corneal infiltrates was 422.4±77.1μm,ranging from 350 to 535μm.The mean corneal thickness was 597.4±117.3μm,ranging from 458 to 851μm.Hypopyon and endothelial plaques were presented in all patients.The period between the two steps was 3.65±0.9(ranging from 3 to 5)mo.The graft diameter was 7.75±0.39 mm.At the last follow-up(average 9.25±3.39,ranging from 5.5 to 17mo),no fungal recurrence or graft rejection appeared,and all patients showed improvement of BCVA.One patient suffered from liver function impairment due to oral voriconazole for 4wk and recovered spontaneously after 1wk of drug withdrawal.CONCLUSION:The two-step strategy is safe and effective in the treatment of high-risk FK by transforming intentional therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty during acute infection to later optical DALK.It is a practical strategy,especially in areas lacking fresh donor corneas and eye bank services.展开更多
AIM:To analyze a series of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)in corneal tissue from individuals with fungal keratitis(FK)during the active phase of the fungus infection and after healing.METHODS:Patients undergone lamellar ...AIM:To analyze a series of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)in corneal tissue from individuals with fungal keratitis(FK)during the active phase of the fungus infection and after healing.METHODS:Patients undergone lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of severe FK or corneal scar had their corneal buttons sampled.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to ascertain the gene expression of human beta-defensin(HBD)-1,-2,-3,-9,S100A7,8,9,and LL-37.RESULTS:All AMPs’messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression was considerably elevated in all samples(n=12).In contrast to controls,where HBD-2,-3,and S100A7 mRNAs were expressed at very low levels,it was discovered that HBD-1,-9,S100A8,S100A9,and LL-37 were constitutively expressed in all healed samples(n=4).HBD-1,-2-3,S100A7,and LL-37 mRNAs were significantly increased in all active FK samples(n=8).The levels of HBD-9,S100A8,and S100A9 mRNAs were moderately upregulated in all active FK samples.Subgroup comparison showed that HBD-2 was significantly increased in Fusarium keratitis samples(n=5),and LL-37 mRNAs were significantly enhanced in Aspergillus keratitis samples(n=3).Whereas there was not significantly increased of HBD-1,-3,-9,S100A7,8,9 mRNA in Aspergillus keratitis samples compared with Fusarium keratitis samples.CONCLUSION:AMPs expression is increased in active FK,but not all AMPs are equally expressed.HBD-2 and LL-37 expression levels are the highest,showing some specificity of AMP expression related to FK.Human AMPs,particularly HBD-2 may play a significant role in Fusarium keratitis and LL-37 might be the key player in Aspergillus keratitis.展开更多
● AIM: To examine differences in efficacy, accuracy, safety, aberrations and corneal biomechanical between small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE) and femtosecond lenticule extraction(FLEx) for myopia.● METHODS: ...● AIM: To examine differences in efficacy, accuracy, safety, aberrations and corneal biomechanical between small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE) and femtosecond lenticule extraction(FLEx) for myopia.● METHODS: Comprehensive studies were conducted on the Pub Med, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register before 31 July, 2015. Meta-analyses were performed on the primary outcomes [loss of ≥2 lines of corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA) ≥20/20, spherical equivalent(SE) within ±0.50 diopters(D), final refractive SE], secondary outcomes were high-order aberrations(HOAs) and corneal biomechanical [central corneal thickness(CCT), corneal hysteresis(CH) and corneal resistance factor(CRF)].● RESULTS: Seven trials describing a total of 322 eyes with myopia were included in this Meta-analysis. No significant differences were found in the efficacy [UDVA weighted mean difference(WMD)-0.01; 95%CI:-0.04 to 0.01; P=0.37, UDVA ≥20/20, OR 1.49; 95%CI: 0.78 to 2.86; P=0.23], accuracy(SE WMD-0.03; 95%CI:-0.12 to 0.07; P=0.58, SE within ±0.5 D OR 1.25; 95%CI: 0.34 to 4.65; P=0.74), HOAs(WMD-0.04; 95%CI:-0.09 to 0.01; P=0.14) and CCT WMD 1.83; 95%CI:-7.07 to 10.72; P=0.69, CH WMD-0.01; 95%CI:-0.42 to 0.40; P=0.97, CRF WMD 0.17; 95%CI:-0.33 to 0.67; P=0.50) in the last fellow-up. But for safety, FLEx may achieve fewer CDVA lost two or more two lines(OR 11.11; 95%CI: 1.27 to 96.86; P=0.03) than SMILE, however CDVA(WMD 0.00; 95%CI:-0.03 to 0.02; P=0.77) is similar. ● CONCLUSION: SMILE and FLEx are comparable in terms of both efficacy, accuracy, aberrations and corneal biomechanical measures in the follow-up,but FLEx seems to be better in safety measures. The results should be interpreted cautiously since relevant evidence is still limited, although it is accumulating. Further large-scale, welldesigned randomized controlled trials are urgently needed.展开更多
·AIM: To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome(OSAS), and detect possible prevalence of glaucoma in this population.·METHODS: Compre...·AIM: To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome(OSAS), and detect possible prevalence of glaucoma in this population.·METHODS: Comprehensive studies were conducted on the Cochrane Library, Pub Med and Embase through March, 2015. Only studies that fit the selection criteria about RNFL and OSAS would be included. For the measures, we calculated the 95% confidence interval(CI)and weighted mean differences(WMD). The systematic review and Meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man 5.2software.·RESULTS: Nine case-control studies were analyzed containing a total of 1086 cases and 580 controls.Average RNFL thickness in OSAS was reduced significantly compared with healthy controls in random effects model(WMD =-2.56, 95% CI:-4.82 to-0.31, P =0.003, I2=57%). A significant RNFL thickness reduction were found between the two groups in inferior quadrant(WMD =-3.11, 95% CI:-5.53 to-0.69, P =0.01), superior quadrant(WMD =-2.37, 95% CI:-4.7 to 0.04, P =0.05). In nasal quadrant(WMD =-2.54, 95% CI:-6.53 to 1.45, P =0.21) and temporal quadrant(WMD=-1.26, 95% CI:-2.19 to 0.47, P =0.15) there was no difference of RNFL thickness between the two groups.·CONCLUSION: The results show that RNFL thickness is lower in patients with moderate or severe OSAS than in normal subjects or patients with mild OSAS according to the nine homogeneity studies.展开更多
To evaluate the outcome of amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT) after tumor excision followed by topical interferon alfa-2 b(IFNα2 b) drops for primary ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN). Twelve eyes of 12 pat...To evaluate the outcome of amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT) after tumor excision followed by topical interferon alfa-2 b(IFNα2 b) drops for primary ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN). Twelve eyes of 12 patients with a mean age of 66±10 y were included. The average followup was 23±10 mo. All 12 patients had limbal involvement. Smooth ocular surface and transparent cornea were achieved in all cases. No sign of inflammation, neovascularization, symblepharon or recurrence was noted at the last follow-up. We conclude that AMT with topical IFNα2 b drops restores a healthy ocular surface in OSSN without recurrence.展开更多
As a fundamental fluid-structure interaction(FSI)phenomenon,vortex-induced vibrations(VIVs)of circular cylinders have been the center of the FSI research in the past several decades.Apart from its scientific significa...As a fundamental fluid-structure interaction(FSI)phenomenon,vortex-induced vibrations(VIVs)of circular cylinders have been the center of the FSI research in the past several decades.Apart from its scientific significance in rich physics,VIVs are paid great attentions by offshore engineers,as they are encountered in many ocean engineering applications.Recently,with the development of research and application,wake-induced vibration(WIV)for multiple cylinders and galloping for VIV suppression attachments are attracting a growing research interest.All these phenomena are connected with the flow-induced vibration(FIV).In this paper,we review and give some discussions on the FIV of offshore circular cylinders,including the research progress on the basic VIV mechanism of an isolated rigid or flexible cylinder,interference of multiple cylinders concerning WIV of multiple cylinders,practical VIV suppression and unwanted galloping for cylinder of attachments.Finally,we draw concluding remarks,give some comments and propose future research prospects,especially on the major challenges as well as potentials in the offline/online modelling and prediction of real-scale offshore structures with high-fidelity CFD methods,new experimental facilities and applications of artificial intelligence tools.展开更多
In this paper,cross-flow vortex-induced vibration(VIV)responses of a circular cylinder surrounded with different control rods have been investigated in a wind tunnel.The number of rods n is set equal to 3 and 6,and th...In this paper,cross-flow vortex-induced vibration(VIV)responses of a circular cylinder surrounded with different control rods have been investigated in a wind tunnel.The number of rods n is set equal to 3 and 6,and the ratios of diameters d/D(where d is the diameter of small rods,D is the cylinder diameter)are assumed to 0.10,0.16 and 0.20.The spacing ratios of s(s=G/D,where G is the gap distance between the main cylinder surface and the control rod surface)are selected as 0.2,0.4 and 0.6 respectively.The Reynolds number based on the main cylinder is in the region of Re=4000–42000.Results show that the VIV can be significant suppressed if placing the control rods in appropriate arrangement.And the gap between the rod and the main cylinder plays a more important role in the VIV amplitude response.When the spacing ratio between the rod and main cylinder is 0.2,VIV can be best suppressed by 96.7%.However,rods do not always suppress VIV and the responses can be more severe in other spacing ratios(s=0.4,0.6).And typical vortex shedding frequency lock-in phenomenon can be observed.When the spacing ratio is 0.2,other than the natural frequency component,St frequency is also presented in the frequency spectrum of wake velocity.展开更多
In this study,the Taylor-series expansion method of moments is developed to describe the dynamic behaviour of nanoparticles considering both the effects of coagulation and deposition in closed environments,where the t...In this study,the Taylor-series expansion method of moments is developed to describe the dynamic behaviour of nanoparticles considering both the effects of coagulation and deposition in closed environments,where the two effects have always been studied separately before.Compared with traditional methods of moments,the new method could give more accurate results for solving the general dynamics equation.In addition,moment equations with respect to coagulation and deposition considering the fractal dimension(Df)of particles are acquired,and the results are compared with experimental data and are more accurate than the simulation results under the assumption of spherical mode.The new dynamic model could be applied in more real conditions with different microstructures of nanoparticles.With decreasing Dt,the particle number concentration decreases more rapidly,additionally,Df has a relatively greater effect on the agglomeration of smaller particles under the same initial concentration.Moreover,the effect of the initial number concentration on coagulation is also studied.The results show that a higher initial number concentration or a smaller particle size could have a greater effect of coagulation on the evolution of particles.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171025No.82070934)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.HUST:2019kfy XMBZ065)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2021BCA146)the Clinical Research Foundation of Wuhan Union Hospital(No.2021xhlcyj03)。
文摘AIM:To investigate whether the two-step strategy[conjunctival flap covering surgery(CFCS)combined with secondary deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)]is effective for patients with high-risk fungal keratitis(FK).METHODS:In this noncomparative,retrospective case series,10 subjects(6 males,4 females)with a mean age of 56.5±7.1(range 47-72)y with high-risk FK undergone the two-step strategy were included.Reported outcome measures were healing of the corneal ulcer,recurrence of FK,reject reaction,improvement in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and relevant complications.RESULTS:The average diameter of corneal infiltrates was 7.50±0.39 mm,ranging from 6.94 to 8.13 mm.The mean depth of corneal infiltrates was 422.4±77.1μm,ranging from 350 to 535μm.The mean corneal thickness was 597.4±117.3μm,ranging from 458 to 851μm.Hypopyon and endothelial plaques were presented in all patients.The period between the two steps was 3.65±0.9(ranging from 3 to 5)mo.The graft diameter was 7.75±0.39 mm.At the last follow-up(average 9.25±3.39,ranging from 5.5 to 17mo),no fungal recurrence or graft rejection appeared,and all patients showed improvement of BCVA.One patient suffered from liver function impairment due to oral voriconazole for 4wk and recovered spontaneously after 1wk of drug withdrawal.CONCLUSION:The two-step strategy is safe and effective in the treatment of high-risk FK by transforming intentional therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty during acute infection to later optical DALK.It is a practical strategy,especially in areas lacking fresh donor corneas and eye bank services.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171025,No.82070934)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HUST:No.2019kfyXMBZ065)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2021BCA146)the Clinical Research Foundation of Wuhan Union Hospital(No.2021xhlcyj03).
文摘AIM:To analyze a series of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)in corneal tissue from individuals with fungal keratitis(FK)during the active phase of the fungus infection and after healing.METHODS:Patients undergone lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of severe FK or corneal scar had their corneal buttons sampled.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to ascertain the gene expression of human beta-defensin(HBD)-1,-2,-3,-9,S100A7,8,9,and LL-37.RESULTS:All AMPs’messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression was considerably elevated in all samples(n=12).In contrast to controls,where HBD-2,-3,and S100A7 mRNAs were expressed at very low levels,it was discovered that HBD-1,-9,S100A8,S100A9,and LL-37 were constitutively expressed in all healed samples(n=4).HBD-1,-2-3,S100A7,and LL-37 mRNAs were significantly increased in all active FK samples(n=8).The levels of HBD-9,S100A8,and S100A9 mRNAs were moderately upregulated in all active FK samples.Subgroup comparison showed that HBD-2 was significantly increased in Fusarium keratitis samples(n=5),and LL-37 mRNAs were significantly enhanced in Aspergillus keratitis samples(n=3).Whereas there was not significantly increased of HBD-1,-3,-9,S100A7,8,9 mRNA in Aspergillus keratitis samples compared with Fusarium keratitis samples.CONCLUSION:AMPs expression is increased in active FK,but not all AMPs are equally expressed.HBD-2 and LL-37 expression levels are the highest,showing some specificity of AMP expression related to FK.Human AMPs,particularly HBD-2 may play a significant role in Fusarium keratitis and LL-37 might be the key player in Aspergillus keratitis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81370993)
文摘● AIM: To examine differences in efficacy, accuracy, safety, aberrations and corneal biomechanical between small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE) and femtosecond lenticule extraction(FLEx) for myopia.● METHODS: Comprehensive studies were conducted on the Pub Med, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register before 31 July, 2015. Meta-analyses were performed on the primary outcomes [loss of ≥2 lines of corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA) ≥20/20, spherical equivalent(SE) within ±0.50 diopters(D), final refractive SE], secondary outcomes were high-order aberrations(HOAs) and corneal biomechanical [central corneal thickness(CCT), corneal hysteresis(CH) and corneal resistance factor(CRF)].● RESULTS: Seven trials describing a total of 322 eyes with myopia were included in this Meta-analysis. No significant differences were found in the efficacy [UDVA weighted mean difference(WMD)-0.01; 95%CI:-0.04 to 0.01; P=0.37, UDVA ≥20/20, OR 1.49; 95%CI: 0.78 to 2.86; P=0.23], accuracy(SE WMD-0.03; 95%CI:-0.12 to 0.07; P=0.58, SE within ±0.5 D OR 1.25; 95%CI: 0.34 to 4.65; P=0.74), HOAs(WMD-0.04; 95%CI:-0.09 to 0.01; P=0.14) and CCT WMD 1.83; 95%CI:-7.07 to 10.72; P=0.69, CH WMD-0.01; 95%CI:-0.42 to 0.40; P=0.97, CRF WMD 0.17; 95%CI:-0.33 to 0.67; P=0.50) in the last fellow-up. But for safety, FLEx may achieve fewer CDVA lost two or more two lines(OR 11.11; 95%CI: 1.27 to 96.86; P=0.03) than SMILE, however CDVA(WMD 0.00; 95%CI:-0.03 to 0.02; P=0.77) is similar. ● CONCLUSION: SMILE and FLEx are comparable in terms of both efficacy, accuracy, aberrations and corneal biomechanical measures in the follow-up,but FLEx seems to be better in safety measures. The results should be interpreted cautiously since relevant evidence is still limited, although it is accumulating. Further large-scale, welldesigned randomized controlled trials are urgently needed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81370993)
文摘·AIM: To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome(OSAS), and detect possible prevalence of glaucoma in this population.·METHODS: Comprehensive studies were conducted on the Cochrane Library, Pub Med and Embase through March, 2015. Only studies that fit the selection criteria about RNFL and OSAS would be included. For the measures, we calculated the 95% confidence interval(CI)and weighted mean differences(WMD). The systematic review and Meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man 5.2software.·RESULTS: Nine case-control studies were analyzed containing a total of 1086 cases and 580 controls.Average RNFL thickness in OSAS was reduced significantly compared with healthy controls in random effects model(WMD =-2.56, 95% CI:-4.82 to-0.31, P =0.003, I2=57%). A significant RNFL thickness reduction were found between the two groups in inferior quadrant(WMD =-3.11, 95% CI:-5.53 to-0.69, P =0.01), superior quadrant(WMD =-2.37, 95% CI:-4.7 to 0.04, P =0.05). In nasal quadrant(WMD =-2.54, 95% CI:-6.53 to 1.45, P =0.21) and temporal quadrant(WMD=-1.26, 95% CI:-2.19 to 0.47, P =0.15) there was no difference of RNFL thickness between the two groups.·CONCLUSION: The results show that RNFL thickness is lower in patients with moderate or severe OSAS than in normal subjects or patients with mild OSAS according to the nine homogeneity studies.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81300736No.81370993)
文摘To evaluate the outcome of amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT) after tumor excision followed by topical interferon alfa-2 b(IFNα2 b) drops for primary ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN). Twelve eyes of 12 patients with a mean age of 66±10 y were included. The average followup was 23±10 mo. All 12 patients had limbal involvement. Smooth ocular surface and transparent cornea were achieved in all cases. No sign of inflammation, neovascularization, symblepharon or recurrence was noted at the last follow-up. We conclude that AMT with topical IFNα2 b drops restores a healthy ocular surface in OSSN without recurrence.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11872250)the National Basic Research and Development Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2015CB251203)the National Major Science and Technology Specific Project of China(Grant No.2016ZX05028-001).
文摘As a fundamental fluid-structure interaction(FSI)phenomenon,vortex-induced vibrations(VIVs)of circular cylinders have been the center of the FSI research in the past several decades.Apart from its scientific significance in rich physics,VIVs are paid great attentions by offshore engineers,as they are encountered in many ocean engineering applications.Recently,with the development of research and application,wake-induced vibration(WIV)for multiple cylinders and galloping for VIV suppression attachments are attracting a growing research interest.All these phenomena are connected with the flow-induced vibration(FIV).In this paper,we review and give some discussions on the FIV of offshore circular cylinders,including the research progress on the basic VIV mechanism of an isolated rigid or flexible cylinder,interference of multiple cylinders concerning WIV of multiple cylinders,practical VIV suppression and unwanted galloping for cylinder of attachments.Finally,we draw concluding remarks,give some comments and propose future research prospects,especially on the major challenges as well as potentials in the offline/online modelling and prediction of real-scale offshore structures with high-fidelity CFD methods,new experimental facilities and applications of artificial intelligence tools.
基金Projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11872250)the National Basic Research and Development Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2015CB251203)the China National Offshore Oil Corporation Project(Grant No.CNOOC-KJ 135 ZDXM05).
文摘In this paper,cross-flow vortex-induced vibration(VIV)responses of a circular cylinder surrounded with different control rods have been investigated in a wind tunnel.The number of rods n is set equal to 3 and 6,and the ratios of diameters d/D(where d is the diameter of small rods,D is the cylinder diameter)are assumed to 0.10,0.16 and 0.20.The spacing ratios of s(s=G/D,where G is the gap distance between the main cylinder surface and the control rod surface)are selected as 0.2,0.4 and 0.6 respectively.The Reynolds number based on the main cylinder is in the region of Re=4000–42000.Results show that the VIV can be significant suppressed if placing the control rods in appropriate arrangement.And the gap between the rod and the main cylinder plays a more important role in the VIV amplitude response.When the spacing ratio between the rod and main cylinder is 0.2,VIV can be best suppressed by 96.7%.However,rods do not always suppress VIV and the responses can be more severe in other spacing ratios(s=0.4,0.6).And typical vortex shedding frequency lock-in phenomenon can be observed.When the spacing ratio is 0.2,other than the natural frequency component,St frequency is also presented in the frequency spectrum of wake velocity.
文摘In this study,the Taylor-series expansion method of moments is developed to describe the dynamic behaviour of nanoparticles considering both the effects of coagulation and deposition in closed environments,where the two effects have always been studied separately before.Compared with traditional methods of moments,the new method could give more accurate results for solving the general dynamics equation.In addition,moment equations with respect to coagulation and deposition considering the fractal dimension(Df)of particles are acquired,and the results are compared with experimental data and are more accurate than the simulation results under the assumption of spherical mode.The new dynamic model could be applied in more real conditions with different microstructures of nanoparticles.With decreasing Dt,the particle number concentration decreases more rapidly,additionally,Df has a relatively greater effect on the agglomeration of smaller particles under the same initial concentration.Moreover,the effect of the initial number concentration on coagulation is also studied.The results show that a higher initial number concentration or a smaller particle size could have a greater effect of coagulation on the evolution of particles.
