In this editorial,we comment on the article by Zhu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.We focus specifically on the characteristics and mechanisms of pyroptosis and the impact...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Zhu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.We focus specifically on the characteristics and mechanisms of pyroptosis and the impact of changes in the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)on cancer prognosis.Pyroptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death;its occurrence can change the TIME and regulate the growth and spread of tumors and therefore is significantly correlated with cancer prognosis.Previous research has demonstrated that pyroptosis-related genes can be used in prognostic models for various types of cancer.These models enhance the mechanistic understanding of tumor evolution and serve as valuable guides for clinical treatment decision-making.Nevertheless,further studies are required to thoroughly understand the function of pyroptosis within the TIME and to assess its mode of action.Such studies should reveal new tumor therapeutic targets and more successful tumor immunotherapy strategies.展开更多
Administration of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)is believed to be an effective method for treating neurodevelopmental disorde rs.In this study,we investigated the possibility of hUC-MSCs...Administration of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)is believed to be an effective method for treating neurodevelopmental disorde rs.In this study,we investigated the possibility of hUC-MSCs treatment of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury associated with maternal immune activation and the underlying mechanism.We established neonatal rat models of hypoxic/ischemic brain injury by exposing pregnant rats to lipopolysaccharide on day 16 or 17 of pregnancy.Rat offspring were intranasally administe red hUC-MSCs on postnatal day 14.We found that polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-1(PTBP-1)participated in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced maternal immune activation,which led to neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury.Intranasal delive ry of hUC-MSCs inhibited PTBP-1 expression,alleviated neonatal brain injury-related inflammation,and regulated the number and function of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes,there by promoting plastic regeneration of neurons and im p roving brain function.These findings suggest that hUC-MSCs can effectively promote the repair of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury related to maternal immune activation through inhibition of PTBP-1 expression and astrocyte activation.展开更多
The solidification-precipitation behavior of Al-Mg-Si multicomponent alloys has long been an absorbing topic. Experiments were carried out to analyze the precipitation behaviors of Al-Mg-Si alloys under different heat...The solidification-precipitation behavior of Al-Mg-Si multicomponent alloys has long been an absorbing topic. Experiments were carried out to analyze the precipitation behaviors of Al-Mg-Si alloys under different heat treatments. All specimens were homogenized at 570 ℃ for 8 h, and then solution treated at 540 ℃ for 55 min. Subsequently, the specimens were age treated for different times at temperatures of 100 ℃, 150 ℃ and 180 ℃, respectively. The experimental results show that the occurrence of dispersed free zones （DFZ） is caused by the uneven distribution of dispersed phase. During the aging process, pre-β＂ phases form at the initial stage and an aging temperature of 100 ℃is too low to complete the transformation of pre-β＂ to β＂. At 150℃, the precipitation sequence is concluded as SSSS-pre-β＂-pre-β＂＋β＂-β＂-β＇-β. Moreover, changes in sizes and densities of the pre-β＂, β＂and β＇ phases during the aging process has an important influence on the evolution of microhardness and electrical resistivity. The microhardness peak value of 150 ℃ is similar to that of 180 ℃, which is -141 HV. While, at 100℃, the microhardness increases slowly, and the attainable value is 127 HV up to 19 days. When the aging temperature is 100 ℃, the electrical resistivity has the highest average value. When the aging temperature exceeds 100 ℃, with the occurrence and growth of β＂and β＇, the resistivity has a distinct decrease with prolonged aging time.展开更多
In order to improve the properties of Ni-rich(2.5wt.%) Al-Si piston alloy, electric pulse modification was applied in fabricating the Ni-rich Al-Si piston alloy in this study. The effect of electric pulse modification...In order to improve the properties of Ni-rich(2.5wt.%) Al-Si piston alloy, electric pulse modification was applied in fabricating the Ni-rich Al-Si piston alloy in this study. The effect of electric pulse modification on the mechanical properties of the Ni-rich Al-Si piston alloy was studied using optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), microhardness measurement and tensile strength testing.The results showed that the microstructures of Ni-rich Al-Si piston alloy treated by electric pulse modification were refined, the solid solubility of Cu, Ni, Si, etc. in α-Al matrix was improved, and furthermore, the microhardness and high-temperature tensile strength were increased by 9.41% and 17.5%, respectively. The distribution of second phases was also more uniform compared with that of a non-modified sample.展开更多
The dual-phase amorphous/crystalline nanostructured model proves to be an effective method to improve the plasticity of Mg alloys.The purpose of this paper is to explore an approach to improving the ductility and stre...The dual-phase amorphous/crystalline nanostructured model proves to be an effective method to improve the plasticity of Mg alloys.The purpose of this paper is to explore an approach to improving the ductility and strength of Mg alloys at the same time.Here,the effect of amorphous phase strength,crystalline phase strength,and amorphous boundary(AB)spacing on the mechanical properties of dual-phase Mg alloys(DPMAs)under tensile loading are investigated by the molecular dynamics simulation method.The results confirm that the strength of DPMA can be significantly improved while its excellent plasticity is maintained by adjusting the strength of the amorphous phase or crystalline phase and optimizing the AB spacing.For the DPMA,when the amorphous phase(or crystalline phase)is strengthened to enhance its strength,the AB spacing should be increased(or reduced)to obtain superior plasticity at the same time.The results also indicate that the DPMA containing high strength amorphous phase exhibits three different deformation modes during plastic deformation with the increase of AB spacing.The research results will present a theoretical basis and early guidance for designing and developing the high-performance dual-phase hexagonal close-packed nanostructured metals.展开更多
Chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T-cell therapies have exhibited remarkable efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies,with 9 CAR-T-cell products currently available.Furthermore,CAR-T cells have shown promisi...Chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T-cell therapies have exhibited remarkable efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies,with 9 CAR-T-cell products currently available.Furthermore,CAR-T cells have shown promising potential for expanding their therapeutic applications to diverse areas,including solid tumors,myocardial fibrosis,and autoimmune and infectious diseases.Despite these advancements,significant challenges pertaining to treatment-related toxic reactions and relapses persist.Consequently,current research efforts are focused on addressing these issues to enhance the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cells and reduce the relapse rate.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the present state of CAR-T-cell therapies,including their achievements,existing challenges,and potential future developments.展开更多
Management and treatment of terminal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC)remains heavily debated.We sought to investigate the efficacy of programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitor plus anlotinib as a po...Management and treatment of terminal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC)remains heavily debated.We sought to investigate the efficacy of programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitor plus anlotinib as a potential solution for terminal mCRPC and further evaluate the association of genomic characteristics with efficacy outcomes.We conducted a retrospective real-world study of 25 mCRPC patients who received PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib after the progression to standard treatments.The clinical information was extracted from the electronic medical records and 22 patients had targeted circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)next-generation sequencing.Statistical analysis showed that 6(24.0%)patients experienced prostate-specific antigen(PSA)response and 11(44.0%)patients experienced PSA reduction.The relationship between ctDNA findings and outcomes was also analyzed.DNA-damage repair(DDR)pathways and homologous recombination repair(HRR)pathway defects indicated a comparatively longer PSA-progressionfree survival(PSA-PFS;2.5 months vs 1.2 months,P=0.027;3.3 months vs 1.2 months,P=0.017;respectively).This study introduces the PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib as a late-line therapeutic strategy for terminal mCRPC.PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib may be a new treatment choice for terminal mCRPC patients with DDR or HRR pathway defects and requires further investigation.展开更多
Copper ferrite （CuFe204） nanoparticles catalyzed room temperature multicomponent reaction of aliphatic amines, formaldehyde, arylboronic acids and alkynyl carboxylic acids was reported for the synthesis of diverse p...Copper ferrite （CuFe204） nanoparticles catalyzed room temperature multicomponent reaction of aliphatic amines, formaldehyde, arylboronic acids and alkynyl carboxylic acids was reported for the synthesis of diverse propargylamines with good to excellent yields. The catalyst can be magnetically recovered and reused at least five times without significant loss of activity.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32370598 and No.31971117.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Zhu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.We focus specifically on the characteristics and mechanisms of pyroptosis and the impact of changes in the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)on cancer prognosis.Pyroptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death;its occurrence can change the TIME and regulate the growth and spread of tumors and therefore is significantly correlated with cancer prognosis.Previous research has demonstrated that pyroptosis-related genes can be used in prognostic models for various types of cancer.These models enhance the mechanistic understanding of tumor evolution and serve as valuable guides for clinical treatment decision-making.Nevertheless,further studies are required to thoroughly understand the function of pyroptosis within the TIME and to assess its mode of action.Such studies should reveal new tumor therapeutic targets and more successful tumor immunotherapy strategies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471308(to JL)Stem cell Clinical Research Registry Program,No.CMR-20161129-1003(to JL)+2 种基金Liaoning Province Excellent Talent Program Project of China,No.XLYC1902031(to JL)Dalian Innovation Fund of China,No.2018J11CY025(to JL)National Defense Science and Technology New Special Zone Contract,No.19-163-00-kx-003-001-01(to JL)。
文摘Administration of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)is believed to be an effective method for treating neurodevelopmental disorde rs.In this study,we investigated the possibility of hUC-MSCs treatment of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury associated with maternal immune activation and the underlying mechanism.We established neonatal rat models of hypoxic/ischemic brain injury by exposing pregnant rats to lipopolysaccharide on day 16 or 17 of pregnancy.Rat offspring were intranasally administe red hUC-MSCs on postnatal day 14.We found that polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-1(PTBP-1)participated in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced maternal immune activation,which led to neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury.Intranasal delive ry of hUC-MSCs inhibited PTBP-1 expression,alleviated neonatal brain injury-related inflammation,and regulated the number and function of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes,there by promoting plastic regeneration of neurons and im p roving brain function.These findings suggest that hUC-MSCs can effectively promote the repair of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury related to maternal immune activation through inhibition of PTBP-1 expression and astrocyte activation.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2016EMQ11)the Major Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2017GGX20119),China
文摘The solidification-precipitation behavior of Al-Mg-Si multicomponent alloys has long been an absorbing topic. Experiments were carried out to analyze the precipitation behaviors of Al-Mg-Si alloys under different heat treatments. All specimens were homogenized at 570 ℃ for 8 h, and then solution treated at 540 ℃ for 55 min. Subsequently, the specimens were age treated for different times at temperatures of 100 ℃, 150 ℃ and 180 ℃, respectively. The experimental results show that the occurrence of dispersed free zones （DFZ） is caused by the uneven distribution of dispersed phase. During the aging process, pre-β＂ phases form at the initial stage and an aging temperature of 100 ℃is too low to complete the transformation of pre-β＂ to β＂. At 150℃, the precipitation sequence is concluded as SSSS-pre-β＂-pre-β＂＋β＂-β＂-β＇-β. Moreover, changes in sizes and densities of the pre-β＂, β＂and β＇ phases during the aging process has an important influence on the evolution of microhardness and electrical resistivity. The microhardness peak value of 150 ℃ is similar to that of 180 ℃, which is -141 HV. While, at 100℃, the microhardness increases slowly, and the attainable value is 127 HV up to 19 days. When the aging temperature is 100 ℃, the electrical resistivity has the highest average value. When the aging temperature exceeds 100 ℃, with the occurrence and growth of β＂and β＇, the resistivity has a distinct decrease with prolonged aging time.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22075317)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)(No.XDB07030200)of Chinese Academy of Sciences。
基金financially supported by the Training Programme Foundation for the Talents by the Education Bureau of Liaoning Province,China(No.LJQ2013068)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(No.201204916)the Innovation Team Program of University in Liaoning Province,China(No.LT2013014)
文摘In order to improve the properties of Ni-rich(2.5wt.%) Al-Si piston alloy, electric pulse modification was applied in fabricating the Ni-rich Al-Si piston alloy in this study. The effect of electric pulse modification on the mechanical properties of the Ni-rich Al-Si piston alloy was studied using optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), microhardness measurement and tensile strength testing.The results showed that the microstructures of Ni-rich Al-Si piston alloy treated by electric pulse modification were refined, the solid solubility of Cu, Ni, Si, etc. in α-Al matrix was improved, and furthermore, the microhardness and high-temperature tensile strength were increased by 9.41% and 17.5%, respectively. The distribution of second phases was also more uniform compared with that of a non-modified sample.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11572259)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant Nos.2018JM101 and 2019JQ-827)the Program for Graduate Innovation Fund of Xi’an Shiyou University,China(Grant No.YCS19111004).
文摘The dual-phase amorphous/crystalline nanostructured model proves to be an effective method to improve the plasticity of Mg alloys.The purpose of this paper is to explore an approach to improving the ductility and strength of Mg alloys at the same time.Here,the effect of amorphous phase strength,crystalline phase strength,and amorphous boundary(AB)spacing on the mechanical properties of dual-phase Mg alloys(DPMAs)under tensile loading are investigated by the molecular dynamics simulation method.The results confirm that the strength of DPMA can be significantly improved while its excellent plasticity is maintained by adjusting the strength of the amorphous phase or crystalline phase and optimizing the AB spacing.For the DPMA,when the amorphous phase(or crystalline phase)is strengthened to enhance its strength,the AB spacing should be increased(or reduced)to obtain superior plasticity at the same time.The results also indicate that the DPMA containing high strength amorphous phase exhibits three different deformation modes during plastic deformation with the increase of AB spacing.The research results will present a theoretical basis and early guidance for designing and developing the high-performance dual-phase hexagonal close-packed nanostructured metals.
文摘Chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T-cell therapies have exhibited remarkable efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies,with 9 CAR-T-cell products currently available.Furthermore,CAR-T cells have shown promising potential for expanding their therapeutic applications to diverse areas,including solid tumors,myocardial fibrosis,and autoimmune and infectious diseases.Despite these advancements,significant challenges pertaining to treatment-related toxic reactions and relapses persist.Consequently,current research efforts are focused on addressing these issues to enhance the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cells and reduce the relapse rate.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the present state of CAR-T-cell therapies,including their achievements,existing challenges,and potential future developments.
基金This study was supported by the State Key Science Infrastructure of Transitional Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University(TMSK-2021-107)the Fostering Fund of Ren Ji Hospital(PYII20-02).
文摘Management and treatment of terminal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC)remains heavily debated.We sought to investigate the efficacy of programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitor plus anlotinib as a potential solution for terminal mCRPC and further evaluate the association of genomic characteristics with efficacy outcomes.We conducted a retrospective real-world study of 25 mCRPC patients who received PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib after the progression to standard treatments.The clinical information was extracted from the electronic medical records and 22 patients had targeted circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)next-generation sequencing.Statistical analysis showed that 6(24.0%)patients experienced prostate-specific antigen(PSA)response and 11(44.0%)patients experienced PSA reduction.The relationship between ctDNA findings and outcomes was also analyzed.DNA-damage repair(DDR)pathways and homologous recombination repair(HRR)pathway defects indicated a comparatively longer PSA-progressionfree survival(PSA-PFS;2.5 months vs 1.2 months,P=0.027;3.3 months vs 1.2 months,P=0.017;respectively).This study introduces the PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib as a late-line therapeutic strategy for terminal mCRPC.PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib may be a new treatment choice for terminal mCRPC patients with DDR or HRR pathway defects and requires further investigation.
基金The financial support for this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 21572060)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins(No. LCTP201301)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Copper ferrite （CuFe204） nanoparticles catalyzed room temperature multicomponent reaction of aliphatic amines, formaldehyde, arylboronic acids and alkynyl carboxylic acids was reported for the synthesis of diverse propargylamines with good to excellent yields. The catalyst can be magnetically recovered and reused at least five times without significant loss of activity.
