BACKGROUND Breast abscess during lactation is a severe complication of acute mastitis,which can lead to discomfort,high fever,breast fistula,sepsis,septic shock,breast damage,disease persistence and frequent hospitali...BACKGROUND Breast abscess during lactation is a severe complication of acute mastitis,which can lead to discomfort,high fever,breast fistula,sepsis,septic shock,breast damage,disease persistence and frequent hospitalization.Breast abscesses may also lead the mother to discontinue breastfeeding,thereby harming the infant’s health.The predominant pathogenic bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus.The incidence of breastfeeding abscesses in breastfeeding women ranges between 4.0%and 11.0%.In cases of breast abscess,the rate of cessation of lactation is 41.0%.In instances of breast fistula,the rate of cessation of lactation is very high(66.7%).Furthermore,50.0%of women with breast abscesses must be hospitalized and treated with intravenous antibiotics.Treatment includes antibiotics,abscess puncture and surgical incision and drainage.The patients suffer from stress,pain and easily induced breast scarring;the disease’s progression is prolonged and recurrent,interfering with infant feeding.Consequently,it is crucial to discover an adequate cure.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old woman with a breast abscess was treated with Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless breast opening manipulation 24 d after cesarean delivery.On the 2nd d of treatment,the patient’s breast mass was significantly reduced,the pain was significantly reduced,and the general asthenia was improved.All conscious symptoms disappeared after 3 d,breast abscesses faded after 12 d of treatment,inflammation images disappeared after 27 d,and normal lactation images were restored.CONCLUSION In treating breast abscesses during breastfeeding,the combination of Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless lactation provides a positive therapeutic impact.This disease’s treatment offers the advantages of a short course of treatment,no need to discontinue breastfeeding and the ability to rapidly mitigate symptoms,which can be used as a reference in clinical practice.展开更多
Compared with the traditional train,the operational speed of the high-speed train has largely improved,and thedynamicenvironmentofthetrainhaschangedfromoneof mechanical domination to one of aerodynamic domination.The ...Compared with the traditional train,the operational speed of the high-speed train has largely improved,and thedynamicenvironmentofthetrainhaschangedfromoneof mechanical domination to one of aerodynamic domination.The aerodynamic problem has become the key technological challenge of high-speed trains and significantl affects the economy,environment,safety,and comfort.In this paper,the relationships among the aerodynamic design principle,aerodynamic performance indexes,and design variables are firs studied,and the research methods of train aerodynamics are proposed,including numerical simulation,a reducedscale test,and a full-scale test.Technological schemes of train aerodynamics involve the optimization design of the streamlined head and the smooth design of the body surface.Optimization design of the streamlined head includes conception design,project design,numerical simulation,and a reduced-scale test.Smooth design of the body surface is mainly used for the key parts,such as electric-current collecting system,wheel truck compartment,and windshield.The aerodynamic design method established in this paper has been successfully applied to various high-speed trains(CRH380A,CRH380 AM,CRH6,CRH2 G,and the Standard electric multiple unit(EMU)) that have met expected design objectives.The research results can provide an effective guideline for the aerodynamic design of high-speed trains.展开更多
Tuina is a traditional Chinese treatment for sensory disturbances caused by peripheral nerve injury and related diseases. Our previous studies showed that tuina regulates relevant regions and indices of the spinal dor...Tuina is a traditional Chinese treatment for sensory disturbances caused by peripheral nerve injury and related diseases. Our previous studies showed that tuina regulates relevant regions and indices of the spinal dorsal horn using the Dian, Bo, and Rou method in Yinmen(BL37), Yanglingquan(GB34), and Weizhong(BL40). Treatment prevents muscle atrophy, protects spinal cord neurons, and promotes sciatic nerve repair. The mechanisms of action of tuina for treating peripheral nerve injury remain poorly understood. This study established rat models of sciatic nerve injury using the crushing method. Rats received Chinese tuina in accordance with the principle of "Three Methods and Three Points," once daily for 20 days. Tuina intervention reduced paw withdrawal latency and improved wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle, as well as promoting morphological recovery of sciatic nerve fibers, Schwann cells, and axons. The protein expression levels of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β also decreased. These findings indicate that "Three Methods and Three Points" promoted morphological recovery and improved behavior of rats with peripheral nerve injury.展开更多
UiO-66 is a potential material for adsorption heat transformation(AHT)with high specific surface area,and excellent thermal and chemical stability.However,the low water adsorption capacity of UiO-66 in the low relativ...UiO-66 is a potential material for adsorption heat transformation(AHT)with high specific surface area,and excellent thermal and chemical stability.However,the low water adsorption capacity of UiO-66 in the low relative pressure range(0<P/P_(0)<0.3)limits its application in AHT.We prepare the UiO-66 modified by MgCl_(2)through using the solvothermal method and impregnation method,and study their water vapor adsorption performances and heat storage capacities.Attributed to the extremely high saturated water uptake and excellent hydrophilicity of MgCl_(2),the water adsorption performance of UiO-66 is improved,although the introduction of MgCl_(2)reduces its specific surface area and pore volume.The water adsorption capacity at P/P_(0)=0.3 and the saturated water adsorption capacity of the UiO-66(with MgCl_(2)content of 0.57 wt%)modified by the solvothermal method are 0.27 g/g and 0.57 g/g at 298 K,respectively,which are 68.8%and 32.6%higher than the counterparts of pure UiO-66,respectively.Comparing with pure UiO-66,the water adsorption capacity of the UiO-66(with MgCl_(2)content of 1.02 wt%)modified by the impregnation method is increased by 56.3%and 14.0%at the same pressure,respectively.During 20 water adsorption/desorption cycles,the above two materials show high heat storage densities(~1293 J/g and 1378 J/g).Therein,the UiO-66 modified by the solvothermal method exhibits the excellent cyclic stability.These results suggest that the introduction of an appropriate amount of MgCl_(2)makes UiO-66more suitable for AHT applications.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Lung function and grip strength(GS)are associated with cardiovascular disease(CVD),but whether these risk factors interact to affect CVD is unknown.This study aimed to explore the interactions between lung f...OBJECTIVE Lung function and grip strength(GS)are associated with cardiovascular disease(CVD),but whether these risk factors interact to affect CVD is unknown.This study aimed to explore the interactions between lung function and GS with major CVD(defined as fatal/non-fatal myocardial infarction,stroke,and heart failure)incidence.METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study on the Chinese population in Jiangsu Province.Cox proportional haz-ards models were used to explore the associations between GS,lung function,and major CVD incidence.RESULTS A total of 5967 participants were included in our study;among them,182 participants developed major CVD.Parti-cipants with low forced vital capacity(FVC)had a higher risk of major CVD(hazard ratio(HR)=1.45;95%confidence interval(CI):1.05-2.01;P<0.05)compared with normal FVC.The risk of major CVD incidence(HR=0.54;95%CI:0.35-0.83;P<0.01)was significantly lower in participants with high GS than in individuals with low GS.The interaction between FVC and GS for major CVD incidence(P=0.006)was statistically significant.Compared with normal FVC participants with high GS,low FVC parti-cipants with low GS had the highest risk of major CVD incidence(HR=2.50;95%CI:1.43-4.36;P<0.01).CONCLUSION Among people with low FVC,the risk of major CVD is lower with high GS.Participants with low FVC and low GS have the highest risk of major CVD.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the incidence of major CVD in individu-als with low FVC,especially those who have lower GS.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rectal mature teratoma is rare and has been reported as a case report in this study.Herein,clinical presentation,magnetic resonance imaging findings,and immunohistochemistry showed a pelvic rectal mature te...BACKGROUND Rectal mature teratoma is rare and has been reported as a case report in this study.Herein,clinical presentation,magnetic resonance imaging findings,and immunohistochemistry showed a pelvic rectal mature teratoma.The case report and the surgical treatment procedure have been discussed below.CASE SUMMARY A 29-year-old Chinese female showed up with over a 1-mo history of perianal mass that emerged after defecation.Physical examination indicated that the mass was 4 cm×3 cm×3 cm.The intraoperative procedure involved ligation of the sigmoid colon 10 cm above the upper edge of the tumor,followed by ligation of the rectum 3.5 cm above the upper edge of the tumor,and subsequent complete removal of the mass.The histopathology confirmed the mature teratoma.CONCLUSION The tumor can be completely removed using surgery to prevent its recurrence.展开更多
Studies on insects have contributed significantly to a better understanding of learning and memory,which is a necessary cognitive capability for all animals.Although the formation of memory has been studied in some mo...Studies on insects have contributed significantly to a better understanding of learning and memory,which is a necessary cognitive capability for all animals.Although the formation of memory has been studied in some model insects,more evidence is required to clarify the characteristics of memory formation,especially long-term memory(LTM),which is important for reliably storing information.Here,we explored this question by examining Bactrocera dorsalis,an agricultural pest with excellent learning abilities.Using the classical conditioning paradigm of the olfactory proboscis extension reflex(PER),we found that paired conditioning with multiple trials(>3)spaced with an intertrial interval(≥10 min)resulted in stable memory that lasted for at least 3 d.Furthermore,even a single conditioning trial was sufficient for the formation of a 2-d memory.With the injection of protein inhibitors,protein-synthesis-dependent memory was confirmed to start 4 h after training,and its dependence on translation and transcription differed.Moreover,the results revealed that the dependence of memory on protein translation exhibited a time-window effect(4-6 h).Our findings provide an integrated view of LTM in insects,suggesting common mechanisms in LTM formation that play a key role in the biological basis of memory.展开更多
Since the PI3K signaling pathway is the most commonly activated in human cancers,inhibition of PI3K is a promising approach to cancer therapy.In this study,a series of 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzeneacylhydrazones were design...Since the PI3K signaling pathway is the most commonly activated in human cancers,inhibition of PI3K is a promising approach to cancer therapy.In this study,a series of 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzeneacylhydrazones were designed and synthesized.All the new derivatives were tested by p110α enzymatic and Rh30 cellular assays.Further enzyme selectivity profiling proved that 6e and 7 were potential selective PI3K inhibitors.展开更多
The biogenic amine octopamine(OA,invertebrate counterpart of nora-drenaline)plays critical roles in the regulation of olfactory behavior.Historically,OA has been thought to mediate appetitive but not aversive learning...The biogenic amine octopamine(OA,invertebrate counterpart of nora-drenaline)plays critical roles in the regulation of olfactory behavior.Historically,OA has been thought to mediate appetitive but not aversive learning in honeybees,fruit flies(Drosophila),and crickets.However,this viewpoint has recently been challenged because OA activity through aβ-adrenergic-like receptor drives both appetitive and aversive learn-ing.Here,we explored the roles of OA neurons in olfactory learning and memory retrieval in Bactrocera dorsalis.We trained flies to associate an orange odor with a sucrose reward or to associate methyl eugenol,a male lure,with N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzoyl amide(DEET)punishment.We then treated flies with OA receptor antagonists before appetitive or aversive conditioning and a memory retention test.Injection of OA receptor antagonist mianserin or epinastine into the abdomen of flies led to impaired of appetitive learning and memory retention with a sucrose reward,while aversive learning and memory reten-tion with DEET punishment remained intact.Our results suggest that the OA signaling participates in appetitive but not aversive learning and memory retrieval in B.dorsalis through OA receptors.展开更多
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally.Although modern adoption of a sedentary lifestyle coupled with energy-dense nutrition is considered to be the main cause of obesity epidemic,genetic preposition contri...Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally.Although modern adoption of a sedentary lifestyle coupled with energy-dense nutrition is considered to be the main cause of obesity epidemic,genetic preposition contributes significantly to the imbalanced energy metabolism in obesity.However,the variants of genetic loci identified from large-scale genetic studies do not appear to fully explain the rapid increase in obesity epidemic in the last four to five decades.Recent advancements of next-generation sequencing technologies and studies of tissue-specific effects of epigenetic factors in metabolic organs have significantly advanced our understanding of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity.The epigenome,including DNA methylation,histone modifications,and RNA-mediated processes,is characterized as mitotically or meiotically heritable changes in gene function without alteration of DNA sequence.Importantly,epigenetic modifications are reversible.Therefore,comprehensively understanding the landscape of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism could unravel novel molecular targets for obesity treatment.In this review,we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of DNA methylation,histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation,and RNA-mediated processes in regulating energy metabolism.We also discuss the effects of lifestyle modifications and therapeutic agents on epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity.展开更多
基金Supported by Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan,No.2023ZL449.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast abscess during lactation is a severe complication of acute mastitis,which can lead to discomfort,high fever,breast fistula,sepsis,septic shock,breast damage,disease persistence and frequent hospitalization.Breast abscesses may also lead the mother to discontinue breastfeeding,thereby harming the infant’s health.The predominant pathogenic bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus.The incidence of breastfeeding abscesses in breastfeeding women ranges between 4.0%and 11.0%.In cases of breast abscess,the rate of cessation of lactation is 41.0%.In instances of breast fistula,the rate of cessation of lactation is very high(66.7%).Furthermore,50.0%of women with breast abscesses must be hospitalized and treated with intravenous antibiotics.Treatment includes antibiotics,abscess puncture and surgical incision and drainage.The patients suffer from stress,pain and easily induced breast scarring;the disease’s progression is prolonged and recurrent,interfering with infant feeding.Consequently,it is crucial to discover an adequate cure.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old woman with a breast abscess was treated with Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless breast opening manipulation 24 d after cesarean delivery.On the 2nd d of treatment,the patient’s breast mass was significantly reduced,the pain was significantly reduced,and the general asthenia was improved.All conscious symptoms disappeared after 3 d,breast abscesses faded after 12 d of treatment,inflammation images disappeared after 27 d,and normal lactation images were restored.CONCLUSION In treating breast abscesses during breastfeeding,the combination of Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless lactation provides a positive therapeutic impact.This disease’s treatment offers the advantages of a short course of treatment,no need to discontinue breastfeeding and the ability to rapidly mitigate symptoms,which can be used as a reference in clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (Grant 2013BAG22Q00)the China Railway Science and Technology R&D Program (2015J009-D)
文摘Compared with the traditional train,the operational speed of the high-speed train has largely improved,and thedynamicenvironmentofthetrainhaschangedfromoneof mechanical domination to one of aerodynamic domination.The aerodynamic problem has become the key technological challenge of high-speed trains and significantl affects the economy,environment,safety,and comfort.In this paper,the relationships among the aerodynamic design principle,aerodynamic performance indexes,and design variables are firs studied,and the research methods of train aerodynamics are proposed,including numerical simulation,a reducedscale test,and a full-scale test.Technological schemes of train aerodynamics involve the optimization design of the streamlined head and the smooth design of the body surface.Optimization design of the streamlined head includes conception design,project design,numerical simulation,and a reduced-scale test.Smooth design of the body surface is mainly used for the key parts,such as electric-current collecting system,wheel truck compartment,and windshield.The aerodynamic design method established in this paper has been successfully applied to various high-speed trains(CRH380A,CRH380 AM,CRH6,CRH2 G,and the Standard electric multiple unit(EMU)) that have met expected design objectives.The research results can provide an effective guideline for the aerodynamic design of high-speed trains.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81373759the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing of China,No.7142097
文摘Tuina is a traditional Chinese treatment for sensory disturbances caused by peripheral nerve injury and related diseases. Our previous studies showed that tuina regulates relevant regions and indices of the spinal dorsal horn using the Dian, Bo, and Rou method in Yinmen(BL37), Yanglingquan(GB34), and Weizhong(BL40). Treatment prevents muscle atrophy, protects spinal cord neurons, and promotes sciatic nerve repair. The mechanisms of action of tuina for treating peripheral nerve injury remain poorly understood. This study established rat models of sciatic nerve injury using the crushing method. Rats received Chinese tuina in accordance with the principle of "Three Methods and Three Points," once daily for 20 days. Tuina intervention reduced paw withdrawal latency and improved wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle, as well as promoting morphological recovery of sciatic nerve fibers, Schwann cells, and axons. The protein expression levels of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β also decreased. These findings indicate that "Three Methods and Three Points" promoted morphological recovery and improved behavior of rats with peripheral nerve injury.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51836009)。
文摘UiO-66 is a potential material for adsorption heat transformation(AHT)with high specific surface area,and excellent thermal and chemical stability.However,the low water adsorption capacity of UiO-66 in the low relative pressure range(0<P/P_(0)<0.3)limits its application in AHT.We prepare the UiO-66 modified by MgCl_(2)through using the solvothermal method and impregnation method,and study their water vapor adsorption performances and heat storage capacities.Attributed to the extremely high saturated water uptake and excellent hydrophilicity of MgCl_(2),the water adsorption performance of UiO-66 is improved,although the introduction of MgCl_(2)reduces its specific surface area and pore volume.The water adsorption capacity at P/P_(0)=0.3 and the saturated water adsorption capacity of the UiO-66(with MgCl_(2)content of 0.57 wt%)modified by the solvothermal method are 0.27 g/g and 0.57 g/g at 298 K,respectively,which are 68.8%and 32.6%higher than the counterparts of pure UiO-66,respectively.Comparing with pure UiO-66,the water adsorption capacity of the UiO-66(with MgCl_(2)content of 1.02 wt%)modified by the impregnation method is increased by 56.3%and 14.0%at the same pressure,respectively.During 20 water adsorption/desorption cycles,the above two materials show high heat storage densities(~1293 J/g and 1378 J/g).Therein,the UiO-66 modified by the solvothermal method exhibits the excellent cyclic stability.These results suggest that the introduction of an appropriate amount of MgCl_(2)makes UiO-66more suitable for AHT applications.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundations of China(81973005)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20151593).
文摘OBJECTIVE Lung function and grip strength(GS)are associated with cardiovascular disease(CVD),but whether these risk factors interact to affect CVD is unknown.This study aimed to explore the interactions between lung function and GS with major CVD(defined as fatal/non-fatal myocardial infarction,stroke,and heart failure)incidence.METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study on the Chinese population in Jiangsu Province.Cox proportional haz-ards models were used to explore the associations between GS,lung function,and major CVD incidence.RESULTS A total of 5967 participants were included in our study;among them,182 participants developed major CVD.Parti-cipants with low forced vital capacity(FVC)had a higher risk of major CVD(hazard ratio(HR)=1.45;95%confidence interval(CI):1.05-2.01;P<0.05)compared with normal FVC.The risk of major CVD incidence(HR=0.54;95%CI:0.35-0.83;P<0.01)was significantly lower in participants with high GS than in individuals with low GS.The interaction between FVC and GS for major CVD incidence(P=0.006)was statistically significant.Compared with normal FVC participants with high GS,low FVC parti-cipants with low GS had the highest risk of major CVD incidence(HR=2.50;95%CI:1.43-4.36;P<0.01).CONCLUSION Among people with low FVC,the risk of major CVD is lower with high GS.Participants with low FVC and low GS have the highest risk of major CVD.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the incidence of major CVD in individu-als with low FVC,especially those who have lower GS.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,No. 2018JJA140199
文摘BACKGROUND Rectal mature teratoma is rare and has been reported as a case report in this study.Herein,clinical presentation,magnetic resonance imaging findings,and immunohistochemistry showed a pelvic rectal mature teratoma.The case report and the surgical treatment procedure have been discussed below.CASE SUMMARY A 29-year-old Chinese female showed up with over a 1-mo history of perianal mass that emerged after defecation.Physical examination indicated that the mass was 4 cm×3 cm×3 cm.The intraoperative procedure involved ligation of the sigmoid colon 10 cm above the upper edge of the tumor,followed by ligation of the rectum 3.5 cm above the upper edge of the tumor,and subsequent complete removal of the mass.The histopathology confirmed the mature teratoma.CONCLUSION The tumor can be completely removed using surgery to prevent its recurrence.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 32072486 and 31971424).
文摘Studies on insects have contributed significantly to a better understanding of learning and memory,which is a necessary cognitive capability for all animals.Although the formation of memory has been studied in some model insects,more evidence is required to clarify the characteristics of memory formation,especially long-term memory(LTM),which is important for reliably storing information.Here,we explored this question by examining Bactrocera dorsalis,an agricultural pest with excellent learning abilities.Using the classical conditioning paradigm of the olfactory proboscis extension reflex(PER),we found that paired conditioning with multiple trials(>3)spaced with an intertrial interval(≥10 min)resulted in stable memory that lasted for at least 3 d.Furthermore,even a single conditioning trial was sufficient for the formation of a 2-d memory.With the injection of protein inhibitors,protein-synthesis-dependent memory was confirmed to start 4 h after training,and its dependence on translation and transcription differed.Moreover,the results revealed that the dependence of memory on protein translation exhibited a time-window effect(4-6 h).Our findings provide an integrated view of LTM in insects,suggesting common mechanisms in LTM formation that play a key role in the biological basis of memory.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81273365 and 81321092)Chinese National Science&Technology Major Project "Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program"(Nos.2012ZX09103101-024 and 2014ZX09304002-008-001)+1 种基金Chinese National Programs for High Technology Research and Development(No.2012AA020302)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(Nos.11431921100 and 12DZ1930802)for their financial support
文摘Since the PI3K signaling pathway is the most commonly activated in human cancers,inhibition of PI3K is a promising approach to cancer therapy.In this study,a series of 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzeneacylhydrazones were designed and synthesized.All the new derivatives were tested by p110α enzymatic and Rh30 cellular assays.Further enzyme selectivity profiling proved that 6e and 7 were potential selective PI3K inhibitors.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072486,31971424,and 31572314).
文摘The biogenic amine octopamine(OA,invertebrate counterpart of nora-drenaline)plays critical roles in the regulation of olfactory behavior.Historically,OA has been thought to mediate appetitive but not aversive learning in honeybees,fruit flies(Drosophila),and crickets.However,this viewpoint has recently been challenged because OA activity through aβ-adrenergic-like receptor drives both appetitive and aversive learn-ing.Here,we explored the roles of OA neurons in olfactory learning and memory retrieval in Bactrocera dorsalis.We trained flies to associate an orange odor with a sucrose reward or to associate methyl eugenol,a male lure,with N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzoyl amide(DEET)punishment.We then treated flies with OA receptor antagonists before appetitive or aversive conditioning and a memory retention test.Injection of OA receptor antagonist mianserin or epinastine into the abdomen of flies led to impaired of appetitive learning and memory retention with a sucrose reward,while aversive learning and memory reten-tion with DEET punishment remained intact.Our results suggest that the OA signaling participates in appetitive but not aversive learning and memory retrieval in B.dorsalis through OA receptors.
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health(NIH,R01 DK121146)to Q.Y.the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970218 and 81770440 to X.L.,81970217 and 81700331 to W.G.)+2 种基金the jiangsu Province Health Development Project with Science and Education(QNRC2016857 to W.G.)the Six One Project of Jiangsu Province(LGY2018100 to W.G.)the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province(WSN-175 to W.G.).
文摘Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally.Although modern adoption of a sedentary lifestyle coupled with energy-dense nutrition is considered to be the main cause of obesity epidemic,genetic preposition contributes significantly to the imbalanced energy metabolism in obesity.However,the variants of genetic loci identified from large-scale genetic studies do not appear to fully explain the rapid increase in obesity epidemic in the last four to five decades.Recent advancements of next-generation sequencing technologies and studies of tissue-specific effects of epigenetic factors in metabolic organs have significantly advanced our understanding of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity.The epigenome,including DNA methylation,histone modifications,and RNA-mediated processes,is characterized as mitotically or meiotically heritable changes in gene function without alteration of DNA sequence.Importantly,epigenetic modifications are reversible.Therefore,comprehensively understanding the landscape of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism could unravel novel molecular targets for obesity treatment.In this review,we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of DNA methylation,histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation,and RNA-mediated processes in regulating energy metabolism.We also discuss the effects of lifestyle modifications and therapeutic agents on epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity.
