It is important to understand the research trends and hotspots of global soil nutrient migration and control. Based on the core collection of WOS (Web of Science), citespace knowledge map analysis tool was used to ana...It is important to understand the research trends and hotspots of global soil nutrient migration and control. Based on the core collection of WOS (Web of Science), citespace knowledge map analysis tool was used to analyze the number of publications, cooperation networks, disciplines, research hotspots and frontier trends on nutrient migration in soil. The results showed that: the number of publications on the study of soil nutrient migration showed a good growth from 1990 to 2021. 173 countries had cooperative relationships. The number of articles published in the United States and China was significantly higher than that in other countries, while Chinese Academy of Sciences was the institution with the largest number of publications. It was a comprehensive system that permeates with agriculture, environmental science, botany and other disciplines. The research of nutrient migration in soil mainly focused on the measures of microbial community in different land types to promote nutrient transformation, improve soil fertility and reduce nutrient loss. In the future, the research trends will be the management measures of soil nutrient loss, the relationship between the change of soil nutrient and plant community diversity, and the remediation of agricultural contaminated soil. Through the above analysis, there was an overall understanding of soil nutrient migration. The research on nutrient migration may continue to increase in the future. It is suggested that Chinese research institutions, teams and universities need to strengthen international cooperation, and speed up their integration with the international community.展开更多
Bacterial leaf streak(BLS),caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola(Xoc),is a bacterial disease affecting rice production in Asia and Africa,whose severity is expected to increase with climate change.Identification o...Bacterial leaf streak(BLS),caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola(Xoc),is a bacterial disease affecting rice production in Asia and Africa,whose severity is expected to increase with climate change.Identification of new quantitative-trait loci(QTL)or resistance genes for BLS resistance is essential for developing resistant rice.A genome-wide association study to identify QTL associated with BLS resistance was conducted using phenotypic and genotypic data from 429 rice accessions.Of 47 QTL identified,45 were novel and two co-localized with previously reported QTL or genes conferring BLS resistance.qBLS6.2 on chromosome 6 explained the greatest phenotypic variation.Combined analysis of differential expression and annotations of predicted genes near qBLS6.2 based on haplotype and disease phenotype identified OsBLS6.2(LOC_Os06g02960)as a candidate gene for qBLS6.2.OsBLS6.2 knockout plants showed higher resistance to Xoc than wild-type plants.Many other candidate genes for resistance to Xoc were identified.展开更多
Early seedling vigor(ESV)is a major breeding target in rice,especially under direct seeding.To identify quantitative trait locus(QTL)affecting ESV,a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between 0242...Early seedling vigor(ESV)is a major breeding target in rice,especially under direct seeding.To identify quantitative trait locus(QTL)affecting ESV,a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between 02428 and YZX,two cultivars differing in vigor during early seedling growth,was used for QTL analysis.Nine traits associated with ESV were examined using a high-density map.Of 16 additive loci identified,three were detected in two generations and thus considered stable.Four epistatic interactions were detected,one of which was repeated in two generations.Further analysis of the pyramiding effect of the three stable QTL showed that the phenotypic value could be effectively improved with an increasing number of QTL.These results were combined with results from our previous QTL analysis of the germination index.The lines G58 and G182 combined all the favourable alleles of all three stable QTL for ESV and three QTL for germination speed.These two lines showed rapid germination and strong ESV.A total of 37 candidate differentially expressed genes were obtained from the regions of the three stable QTL by analysis of the dynamic transcriptomic expression profile during the seedling growth period of the two parents.The QTL are targets for ESV breeding and the candidate genes await functional validation.This study provides a theoretical basis and a genetic resource for the breeding of directseeded rice.展开更多
In this paper, a statistical recognition method of the binary BCH code is proposed. The method is applied to both primitive and non-primitive binary BCH code. The block length is first recognized based on the cyclic f...In this paper, a statistical recognition method of the binary BCH code is proposed. The method is applied to both primitive and non-primitive binary BCH code. The block length is first recognized based on the cyclic feature under the condition of the frame length known. And then candidate polynomials are achieved which meet the restrictions. Among the candidate polynomials, the most optimal polynomial is selected based on the minimum rule of the weights sum of the syndromes. Finally, the best polynomial was factorized to get the generator polynomial recognized. Simulation results show that the method has strong capability of anti-random bit error. Besides, the algorithm proposed is very simple, so it is very practical for hardware im-plementation.展开更多
RAS genes are the most frequently mutated oncogenes and play critical roles in the development and progression of malignancies.The mutation,isoform(KRAS,HRAS,and NRAS),position,and type of substitution vary depending ...RAS genes are the most frequently mutated oncogenes and play critical roles in the development and progression of malignancies.The mutation,isoform(KRAS,HRAS,and NRAS),position,and type of substitution vary depending on the tissue types.Despite decades of developing RAS-targeted therapies,only small subsets of these inhibitors are clinically effective,such as the allelespecific inhibitors against KRASG12C.Targeting the remaining RAS mutants would require further experimental elucidation ofRAS signal transduction,RASaltered metabolism,and the associated immune microenvironment.This study reviews the mechanisms and efficacy of novel targeted therapies for different RAS mutants,including KRAS allele-specific inhibitors,combination therapies,immunotherapies,and metabolism-associated therapies.展开更多
Acute lung injury(ALI)globally afflicts over 3 million in-dividuals every year.It can eventually develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)with a high mortality of up to 40%.To date,ALI has been undertreat...Acute lung injury(ALI)globally afflicts over 3 million in-dividuals every year.It can eventually develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)with a high mortality of up to 40%.To date,ALI has been undertreated in terms of the feeble efficacy of clinical approaches and the lack of proven pharmacological targets.1 G protein-coupled re-ceptors(GPCRs),the promising targets of modern medi-cine,participate intensively in the regulation of human physiology and pathophysiology.Among them,Gpr116,which is expressed in alveolar epithelial cells and immune cells.展开更多
Class Ⅲ peroxidases(CⅢ Prxs) play critical roles in plant immunity by scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS). However, the functions of CⅢ Prxs in rice(Oryza sativa L.) immunity are largely unexplored. Here, we re...Class Ⅲ peroxidases(CⅢ Prxs) play critical roles in plant immunity by scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS). However, the functions of CⅢ Prxs in rice(Oryza sativa L.) immunity are largely unexplored. Here, we report a Prx precursor, OsPrx30,that is responsive to the bacterial blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo). OsPrx30 was primarily expressed in rice roots, leaves, and stems,and its protein product was mainly localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression of OsPrx30 enhanced the plant’s susceptibility to Xoo by maintaining a high level of peroxidase(POD) activity and reducing the content of H2O2, whereas depletion of OsPrx30 had the opposite effects. Furthermore, we identified an AT-hook transcription factor, Os ATH1, that is specifically bound to the OsPrx30 promoter. As observed in plants overexpressing OsPrx30, depletion of Os ATH1 enhanced susceptibility to Xoo. Finally, we demonstrated that depletion of Os ATH1 increased histone H3 acetylation at the AT-rich region of the OsPrx30 promoter.Taken together, these results reveal a mechanism underlying the POD-induced natural resistance to bacterial diseases and suggest a model for transcription regulation of Prx genes in rice.展开更多
The production and selection of driving factors are essential to building a strong Cellular Automata(CA)model of dynamic urban growth simulation.A critical issue that should be addressed is how the spatial representat...The production and selection of driving factors are essential to building a strong Cellular Automata(CA)model of dynamic urban growth simulation.A critical issue that should be addressed is how the spatial representation and the generalization scale of driving factors affect the CA modeling and the simulation results.It is challenging to evaluate the effectiveness of the selected driving factors because they have no true values.To explore the impacts of the generalization scales,we produced nine sets of driving factors at nine scales to calibrate the CA models based on the Particle Swarm Optimization(CAPSO)and applied them to simulate urban growth of Suzhou during 2000-2020.Our results show that the driving factors at a smaller scale have much better performance in explaining urban growth simulations as inferred by the Explained Residual Deviance(ERD)of the Generalized Additive Models(GAMs).Specifically,the ERD declined from 51.9%to 45.9%as the factor scale became larger during 2000-2020,but there was a peak value(52.2%)at Scale-2.For all simulations during 2000-2020,the CAPSO models with larger-scale factors have slightly lower overall accuracy and Figure-of-Merit(FOM),which respectively decreased by 3.1%and 4.4%as compared to the CA models with scale-free factors.We concluded that the driving factors at a smaller scale(200~400 m for point-like facilities and 7~14 m for line-like facilities)can build more accurate CA models to simulate urban growth patterns,and the optimal scale for factors can be identified using the ERD.This study contributes to the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of driving factor production and reveals the impacts of spatial representation of factors on the CA modeling and simulation considering the factor generalization scales.展开更多
文摘It is important to understand the research trends and hotspots of global soil nutrient migration and control. Based on the core collection of WOS (Web of Science), citespace knowledge map analysis tool was used to analyze the number of publications, cooperation networks, disciplines, research hotspots and frontier trends on nutrient migration in soil. The results showed that: the number of publications on the study of soil nutrient migration showed a good growth from 1990 to 2021. 173 countries had cooperative relationships. The number of articles published in the United States and China was significantly higher than that in other countries, while Chinese Academy of Sciences was the institution with the largest number of publications. It was a comprehensive system that permeates with agriculture, environmental science, botany and other disciplines. The research of nutrient migration in soil mainly focused on the measures of microbial community in different land types to promote nutrient transformation, improve soil fertility and reduce nutrient loss. In the future, the research trends will be the management measures of soil nutrient loss, the relationship between the change of soil nutrient and plant community diversity, and the remediation of agricultural contaminated soil. Through the above analysis, there was an overall understanding of soil nutrient migration. The research on nutrient migration may continue to increase in the future. It is suggested that Chinese research institutions, teams and universities need to strengthen international cooperation, and speed up their integration with the international community.
基金the Open Project(2020)of Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding,the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2019A1515011825)the Special Rural Revitalization Funds of Guangdong Province(Seed Industry Revitalization Project)(2022-NPY-00-006).
文摘Bacterial leaf streak(BLS),caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola(Xoc),is a bacterial disease affecting rice production in Asia and Africa,whose severity is expected to increase with climate change.Identification of new quantitative-trait loci(QTL)or resistance genes for BLS resistance is essential for developing resistant rice.A genome-wide association study to identify QTL associated with BLS resistance was conducted using phenotypic and genotypic data from 429 rice accessions.Of 47 QTL identified,45 were novel and two co-localized with previously reported QTL or genes conferring BLS resistance.qBLS6.2 on chromosome 6 explained the greatest phenotypic variation.Combined analysis of differential expression and annotations of predicted genes near qBLS6.2 based on haplotype and disease phenotype identified OsBLS6.2(LOC_Os06g02960)as a candidate gene for qBLS6.2.OsBLS6.2 knockout plants showed higher resistance to Xoc than wild-type plants.Many other candidate genes for resistance to Xoc were identified.
基金This research was supported by the Breeding New Varieties of Rice Suitable for Light and Simple Cultivation and Mechanized Production Project(2017YFD0100104)the Research and Development Plan for Key Areas in Guangdong Province(2018B020206002)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-17)Special thanks are due to the South China Agricultural University Doctoral Innovative Talents(Domestic Training)Cultivation Program(CX2019N044)。
文摘Early seedling vigor(ESV)is a major breeding target in rice,especially under direct seeding.To identify quantitative trait locus(QTL)affecting ESV,a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between 02428 and YZX,two cultivars differing in vigor during early seedling growth,was used for QTL analysis.Nine traits associated with ESV were examined using a high-density map.Of 16 additive loci identified,three were detected in two generations and thus considered stable.Four epistatic interactions were detected,one of which was repeated in two generations.Further analysis of the pyramiding effect of the three stable QTL showed that the phenotypic value could be effectively improved with an increasing number of QTL.These results were combined with results from our previous QTL analysis of the germination index.The lines G58 and G182 combined all the favourable alleles of all three stable QTL for ESV and three QTL for germination speed.These two lines showed rapid germination and strong ESV.A total of 37 candidate differentially expressed genes were obtained from the regions of the three stable QTL by analysis of the dynamic transcriptomic expression profile during the seedling growth period of the two parents.The QTL are targets for ESV breeding and the candidate genes await functional validation.This study provides a theoretical basis and a genetic resource for the breeding of directseeded rice.
文摘In this paper, a statistical recognition method of the binary BCH code is proposed. The method is applied to both primitive and non-primitive binary BCH code. The block length is first recognized based on the cyclic feature under the condition of the frame length known. And then candidate polynomials are achieved which meet the restrictions. Among the candidate polynomials, the most optimal polynomial is selected based on the minimum rule of the weights sum of the syndromes. Finally, the best polynomial was factorized to get the generator polynomial recognized. Simulation results show that the method has strong capability of anti-random bit error. Besides, the algorithm proposed is very simple, so it is very practical for hardware im-plementation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82072360,82102704,82072624,81872481Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,Grant/Award Number:LBY20H160002。
文摘RAS genes are the most frequently mutated oncogenes and play critical roles in the development and progression of malignancies.The mutation,isoform(KRAS,HRAS,and NRAS),position,and type of substitution vary depending on the tissue types.Despite decades of developing RAS-targeted therapies,only small subsets of these inhibitors are clinically effective,such as the allelespecific inhibitors against KRASG12C.Targeting the remaining RAS mutants would require further experimental elucidation ofRAS signal transduction,RASaltered metabolism,and the associated immune microenvironment.This study reviews the mechanisms and efficacy of novel targeted therapies for different RAS mutants,including KRAS allele-specific inhibitors,combination therapies,immunotherapies,and metabolism-associated therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81871579)the Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Cultivate Program(China)(No.19QNP018).
文摘Acute lung injury(ALI)globally afflicts over 3 million in-dividuals every year.It can eventually develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)with a high mortality of up to 40%.To date,ALI has been undertreated in terms of the feeble efficacy of clinical approaches and the lack of proven pharmacological targets.1 G protein-coupled re-ceptors(GPCRs),the promising targets of modern medi-cine,participate intensively in the regulation of human physiology and pathophysiology.Among them,Gpr116,which is expressed in alveolar epithelial cells and immune cells.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (2018A0303130340)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2020A1515010021)+1 种基金the Research and Development Program in key areas of Guangdong Province (2018B020206002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401722)。
文摘Class Ⅲ peroxidases(CⅢ Prxs) play critical roles in plant immunity by scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS). However, the functions of CⅢ Prxs in rice(Oryza sativa L.) immunity are largely unexplored. Here, we report a Prx precursor, OsPrx30,that is responsive to the bacterial blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo). OsPrx30 was primarily expressed in rice roots, leaves, and stems,and its protein product was mainly localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression of OsPrx30 enhanced the plant’s susceptibility to Xoo by maintaining a high level of peroxidase(POD) activity and reducing the content of H2O2, whereas depletion of OsPrx30 had the opposite effects. Furthermore, we identified an AT-hook transcription factor, Os ATH1, that is specifically bound to the OsPrx30 promoter. As observed in plants overexpressing OsPrx30, depletion of Os ATH1 enhanced susceptibility to Xoo. Finally, we demonstrated that depletion of Os ATH1 increased histone H3 acetylation at the AT-rich region of the OsPrx30 promoter.Taken together, these results reveal a mechanism underlying the POD-induced natural resistance to bacterial diseases and suggest a model for transcription regulation of Prx genes in rice.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.42071371]the National Key R&D Program of China[Grant Nos.2018YFB0505000 and 2018YFB0505400].
文摘The production and selection of driving factors are essential to building a strong Cellular Automata(CA)model of dynamic urban growth simulation.A critical issue that should be addressed is how the spatial representation and the generalization scale of driving factors affect the CA modeling and the simulation results.It is challenging to evaluate the effectiveness of the selected driving factors because they have no true values.To explore the impacts of the generalization scales,we produced nine sets of driving factors at nine scales to calibrate the CA models based on the Particle Swarm Optimization(CAPSO)and applied them to simulate urban growth of Suzhou during 2000-2020.Our results show that the driving factors at a smaller scale have much better performance in explaining urban growth simulations as inferred by the Explained Residual Deviance(ERD)of the Generalized Additive Models(GAMs).Specifically,the ERD declined from 51.9%to 45.9%as the factor scale became larger during 2000-2020,but there was a peak value(52.2%)at Scale-2.For all simulations during 2000-2020,the CAPSO models with larger-scale factors have slightly lower overall accuracy and Figure-of-Merit(FOM),which respectively decreased by 3.1%and 4.4%as compared to the CA models with scale-free factors.We concluded that the driving factors at a smaller scale(200~400 m for point-like facilities and 7~14 m for line-like facilities)can build more accurate CA models to simulate urban growth patterns,and the optimal scale for factors can be identified using the ERD.This study contributes to the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of driving factor production and reveals the impacts of spatial representation of factors on the CA modeling and simulation considering the factor generalization scales.
