Allelopathic plants are important resources for the discovery of bioherbicides.Rosebay willowherb[Chamaenerion angustifolium(L.)Scop.syn.Epilobium angustifolium L.]widely distributes in Western Asia,Europe,and North A...Allelopathic plants are important resources for the discovery of bioherbicides.Rosebay willowherb[Chamaenerion angustifolium(L.)Scop.syn.Epilobium angustifolium L.]widely distributes in Western Asia,Europe,and North America,and behaves as a dominant species within the community due to the production of substances that restrict growth of other plants.This study aims at investigating the allelopathic potential of rosebay willowherb by evaluation of the effects of aqueous extracts from different parts on seed germination and seedling growth in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),as well as measuring the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and structural analysis of root tips via scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy.It was observed that the aqueous extracts from the leaves of rosebay willowherb had the strongest inhibitory effect on the germination index,germination energy and total germination of lettuce seeds,followed by capsular fruits and flowers,and the inhibition effect of stems was the weakest.All aqueous extracts(100 mg/mL)showed a significant inhibitory effect on radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings.Additionally,after treatment with the aqueous extract of rosebay willowherb leaves,accumulation of reactive oxygen species increased in columella cells,which correlated with disruption of root tip structure.展开更多
Computer vision algorithms have been utilized for 3-D road imaging and pothole detection for over two decades.Nonetheless,there is a lack of systematic survey articles on state-of-the-art(SoTA)computer vision techniqu...Computer vision algorithms have been utilized for 3-D road imaging and pothole detection for over two decades.Nonetheless,there is a lack of systematic survey articles on state-of-the-art(SoTA)computer vision techniques,especially deep learningmodels,developed to tackle these problems.This article first introduces the sensing systems employed for 2-D and 3-D road data acquisition,including camera(s),laser scanners and Microsoft Kinect.It then comprehensively reviews the SoTA computer vision algorithms,including(1)classical 2-D image processing,(2)3-D point cloud modelling and segmentation and(3)machine/deep learning,developed for road pothole detection.The article also discusses the existing challenges and future development trends of computer vision-based road pothole detection approaches:classical 2-D image processing-based and 3-D point cloud modelling and segmentation-based approaches have already become history;and convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have demonstrated compelling road pothole detection results and are promising to break the bottleneck with future advances in self/un-supervised learning for multi-modal semantic segmentation.We believe that this survey can serve as practical guidance for developing the next-generation road condition assessment systems.展开更多
基金This research was funded by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China,Grant No.ZR2018BD030Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Material Medica,Grant No.LMM2020-6.
文摘Allelopathic plants are important resources for the discovery of bioherbicides.Rosebay willowherb[Chamaenerion angustifolium(L.)Scop.syn.Epilobium angustifolium L.]widely distributes in Western Asia,Europe,and North America,and behaves as a dominant species within the community due to the production of substances that restrict growth of other plants.This study aims at investigating the allelopathic potential of rosebay willowherb by evaluation of the effects of aqueous extracts from different parts on seed germination and seedling growth in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),as well as measuring the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and structural analysis of root tips via scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy.It was observed that the aqueous extracts from the leaves of rosebay willowherb had the strongest inhibitory effect on the germination index,germination energy and total germination of lettuce seeds,followed by capsular fruits and flowers,and the inhibition effect of stems was the weakest.All aqueous extracts(100 mg/mL)showed a significant inhibitory effect on radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings.Additionally,after treatment with the aqueous extract of rosebay willowherb leaves,accumulation of reactive oxygen species increased in columella cells,which correlated with disruption of root tip structure.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020AAA0108100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.22120220184,22120220214 and 2022-5-YB-08)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2021SHZDZX0100).
文摘Computer vision algorithms have been utilized for 3-D road imaging and pothole detection for over two decades.Nonetheless,there is a lack of systematic survey articles on state-of-the-art(SoTA)computer vision techniques,especially deep learningmodels,developed to tackle these problems.This article first introduces the sensing systems employed for 2-D and 3-D road data acquisition,including camera(s),laser scanners and Microsoft Kinect.It then comprehensively reviews the SoTA computer vision algorithms,including(1)classical 2-D image processing,(2)3-D point cloud modelling and segmentation and(3)machine/deep learning,developed for road pothole detection.The article also discusses the existing challenges and future development trends of computer vision-based road pothole detection approaches:classical 2-D image processing-based and 3-D point cloud modelling and segmentation-based approaches have already become history;and convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have demonstrated compelling road pothole detection results and are promising to break the bottleneck with future advances in self/un-supervised learning for multi-modal semantic segmentation.We believe that this survey can serve as practical guidance for developing the next-generation road condition assessment systems.
