The Ca^(2+)/CaM signal transduction pathway helps plants adapt to environmental stress. However, our knowledge on the functional proteins of C^(2+)/CaM pathway in peanut(Arachis hypogeae L.) remains limited. In the pr...The Ca^(2+)/CaM signal transduction pathway helps plants adapt to environmental stress. However, our knowledge on the functional proteins of C^(2+)/CaM pathway in peanut(Arachis hypogeae L.) remains limited. In the present study, a novel calmodulin 4(CaM4)-binding protein S-adenosyl-methionine synthetase 1(SAMS1) in peanut was identified using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Expression of AhSAMS1was induced by Ca^(2+), ABA, and salt stress. To elucidate the function of AhSAMS1, physiological and phenotypic analyses were performed with wild-type and transgenic materials. Overexpression of AhSAMS1increased spermidine and spermidine synthesis while decreased the contents of ethylene, thereby eliminating excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS) in transgenic lines under salt stress. AhSAMS1 reduced uptake of Na+and leakage of K+from mesophyll cells, and was less sensitive to salt stress during early seedling growth, in agreement with the induction of SOS and NHX genes Transcriptomics combined with epigenetic regulation uncovered relationships between differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated regions, which raised the salt tolerance and plants growth. Our findings support a model in which the role of AhSAMS1 in the ROS-dependent regulation of ion homeostasis was enhanced by Ca^(2+)/CaM while AhSAMS1-induced methylation was regulated by CaM, thus providing a new strategy for increasing the tolerance of plants to salt stress.展开更多
Continuous cropping(CC)obstacle is a major threat in legume crops production;however,the underlying mechanisms concerning the roles allelochemicals play in CC obstacle are poorly understood.The current 2-year study wa...Continuous cropping(CC)obstacle is a major threat in legume crops production;however,the underlying mechanisms concerning the roles allelochemicals play in CC obstacle are poorly understood.The current 2-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of different kinds and concentrations of allelochemicals,p-hydroxybenzoic acid(H),cinnamic acid(C),phthalic acid(P),and their mixtures(M)on peanut root growth and productivity in response to CC obstacle.Treatment with H,C,P,and M significantly decreased the plant height,dry weight of the leaves and stems,number of branches,and length of the lateral stem compared with control.Exogenous application of H,C,P,and M inhibited the peanut root growth as indicated by the decreased root morphological characters.The allelochemicals also induced the cell membrane oxidation even though the antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly increased in peanut roots.Meanwhile,treatment with H,C,P,and M reduced the contents of total soluble sugar and total soluble protein.Analysis of ATPase activity,nitrate reductase activity,and root system activity revealed that the inhibition effects of allelochemicals on peanut roots might be due to the decrease in activities of ATPase and NR,and the inhibition of root system.Consequently,allelochemicals significantly decreased the pod yield of peanut compared with control.Our results demonstrate that allelochemicals play a dominant role in CC obstacle-induced peanut growth inhibition and yield reduction through damaging the root antioxidant system,unbalancing the osmolytes accumulation,and decreasing the activities of root-related enzymes.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the influence of qigong on late positive potential,which was elicited by affective pictures.Methods:College students who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and randomly allocated to the ...Objective:To investigate the influence of qigong on late positive potential,which was elicited by affective pictures.Methods:College students who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and randomly allocated to the qigong group,which received a four-week training(n=41)or the control group(n=41).All participants were assessed before and after the training for event-related potential,which was elicited by negative,neutral,and positive pictures.Electrodes at the centerline position of the frontal area(FCz),parietal area(Pz),and occipital area(Oz)were analyzed.Results:Negative,neutral,and positive pictures demonstrated statistically significant differences on FCz(P<.001),Pz(P<.001),and Oz(P<.001).The interaction between the group factor and time factor was statistically significant on Pz(P<.028).The pairwise comparison of Pz on the time factor and group factor showed that the amplitudes of the qigong group after training were smaller than before(P<.001),and the amplitudes of the control group were not statistically significant(P?.355).Conclusion:Our results supported the conclusion that qigong practices could affect the emotional regulation of college students.Qigong exercise weakens the emotional regulation of late positive potential,which is sensitive to top-down affective modulation.The findings imply that the regulating effect of qigong on emotions may be part of the reason why it is effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms.展开更多
To explore eutrophication and algal bloom mechanisms in channel type reservoirs,a novel enclosure experiment was conducted by changing light intensity (LI) in the Daning River of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR).Squar...To explore eutrophication and algal bloom mechanisms in channel type reservoirs,a novel enclosure experiment was conducted by changing light intensity (LI) in the Daning River of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR).Square enclosures (side 5.0 m) were covered on the surface with shading materials of different thickness,and with their bases open to the river.Changes and characteristics of the main eutrophication factors under the same water quality and hydrodynamic conditions but different LI were evaluated.All experimental water samples were neutral and alkalescent,with high nitrogen and phosphate concentrations,low potassium permanganate index,stable water quality,and different LI.At the same water depth,LI decreased with increasing shade material,while dissolved oxygen and water temperature were both stable.The growth peak of phytoplankton was with light of 345-4390 lux underwater or 558-7450 lux above the water surface,and water temperature of 25.6-26.5 C.Algae were observed in all water samples,accounting for 6 phylum and 57 species,with algal density changing frequently.The results showed that significantly strong or weak light was unfavorable for phytoplankton growth and the function together with suitable temperature and LI and ample sunshine encouraged algal blooms under the same water quality and hydrodynamic conditions.Correlation analysis indicated that algae reduced gradually lengthwise along water depth in the same enclosure while pH became high.The power exponent relationship between chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and LI was found by curve fitting,that is Chl-a=K(LI) n.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000900)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MC094)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2021QC163)Special Funds for Local Science and Technology Development Guided by the Central Committee(YDZX20203700001861)。
文摘The Ca^(2+)/CaM signal transduction pathway helps plants adapt to environmental stress. However, our knowledge on the functional proteins of C^(2+)/CaM pathway in peanut(Arachis hypogeae L.) remains limited. In the present study, a novel calmodulin 4(CaM4)-binding protein S-adenosyl-methionine synthetase 1(SAMS1) in peanut was identified using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Expression of AhSAMS1was induced by Ca^(2+), ABA, and salt stress. To elucidate the function of AhSAMS1, physiological and phenotypic analyses were performed with wild-type and transgenic materials. Overexpression of AhSAMS1increased spermidine and spermidine synthesis while decreased the contents of ethylene, thereby eliminating excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS) in transgenic lines under salt stress. AhSAMS1 reduced uptake of Na+and leakage of K+from mesophyll cells, and was less sensitive to salt stress during early seedling growth, in agreement with the induction of SOS and NHX genes Transcriptomics combined with epigenetic regulation uncovered relationships between differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated regions, which raised the salt tolerance and plants growth. Our findings support a model in which the role of AhSAMS1 in the ROS-dependent regulation of ion homeostasis was enhanced by Ca^(2+)/CaM while AhSAMS1-induced methylation was regulated by CaM, thus providing a new strategy for increasing the tolerance of plants to salt stress.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000902)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QC163).
文摘Continuous cropping(CC)obstacle is a major threat in legume crops production;however,the underlying mechanisms concerning the roles allelochemicals play in CC obstacle are poorly understood.The current 2-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of different kinds and concentrations of allelochemicals,p-hydroxybenzoic acid(H),cinnamic acid(C),phthalic acid(P),and their mixtures(M)on peanut root growth and productivity in response to CC obstacle.Treatment with H,C,P,and M significantly decreased the plant height,dry weight of the leaves and stems,number of branches,and length of the lateral stem compared with control.Exogenous application of H,C,P,and M inhibited the peanut root growth as indicated by the decreased root morphological characters.The allelochemicals also induced the cell membrane oxidation even though the antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly increased in peanut roots.Meanwhile,treatment with H,C,P,and M reduced the contents of total soluble sugar and total soluble protein.Analysis of ATPase activity,nitrate reductase activity,and root system activity revealed that the inhibition effects of allelochemicals on peanut roots might be due to the decrease in activities of ATPase and NR,and the inhibition of root system.Consequently,allelochemicals significantly decreased the pod yield of peanut compared with control.Our results demonstrate that allelochemicals play a dominant role in CC obstacle-induced peanut growth inhibition and yield reduction through damaging the root antioxidant system,unbalancing the osmolytes accumulation,and decreasing the activities of root-related enzymes.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473746 and 81674043).
文摘Objective:To investigate the influence of qigong on late positive potential,which was elicited by affective pictures.Methods:College students who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and randomly allocated to the qigong group,which received a four-week training(n=41)or the control group(n=41).All participants were assessed before and after the training for event-related potential,which was elicited by negative,neutral,and positive pictures.Electrodes at the centerline position of the frontal area(FCz),parietal area(Pz),and occipital area(Oz)were analyzed.Results:Negative,neutral,and positive pictures demonstrated statistically significant differences on FCz(P<.001),Pz(P<.001),and Oz(P<.001).The interaction between the group factor and time factor was statistically significant on Pz(P<.028).The pairwise comparison of Pz on the time factor and group factor showed that the amplitudes of the qigong group after training were smaller than before(P<.001),and the amplitudes of the control group were not statistically significant(P?.355).Conclusion:Our results supported the conclusion that qigong practices could affect the emotional regulation of college students.Qigong exercise weakens the emotional regulation of late positive potential,which is sensitive to top-down affective modulation.The findings imply that the regulating effect of qigong on emotions may be part of the reason why it is effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms.
基金supported by the Major Projects on Control and Rectification of Water Body Pollution of China (No. 2009ZX07317-006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41001347, 40971259)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20100470759)the Shanghai Postdoctoral Scientific Program (No. 10R21412300)the Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist (No. 10XD1401600)the International Cooperation Program of Ministry Science and Technology Development of Sino-Germany (No. 2007DFA90510)
文摘To explore eutrophication and algal bloom mechanisms in channel type reservoirs,a novel enclosure experiment was conducted by changing light intensity (LI) in the Daning River of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR).Square enclosures (side 5.0 m) were covered on the surface with shading materials of different thickness,and with their bases open to the river.Changes and characteristics of the main eutrophication factors under the same water quality and hydrodynamic conditions but different LI were evaluated.All experimental water samples were neutral and alkalescent,with high nitrogen and phosphate concentrations,low potassium permanganate index,stable water quality,and different LI.At the same water depth,LI decreased with increasing shade material,while dissolved oxygen and water temperature were both stable.The growth peak of phytoplankton was with light of 345-4390 lux underwater or 558-7450 lux above the water surface,and water temperature of 25.6-26.5 C.Algae were observed in all water samples,accounting for 6 phylum and 57 species,with algal density changing frequently.The results showed that significantly strong or weak light was unfavorable for phytoplankton growth and the function together with suitable temperature and LI and ample sunshine encouraged algal blooms under the same water quality and hydrodynamic conditions.Correlation analysis indicated that algae reduced gradually lengthwise along water depth in the same enclosure while pH became high.The power exponent relationship between chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and LI was found by curve fitting,that is Chl-a=K(LI) n.
