This work develops 2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonate(PHIS)as a multi-functional electrolyte additive for H2O/HF scavenging and film formation to improve the high temperature performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_...This work develops 2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonate(PHIS)as a multi-functional electrolyte additive for H2O/HF scavenging and film formation to improve the high temperature performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/graphite batteries.After 450 cycles at room temperature(25℃),the discharge capacity retentions of batteries with blank and PHIS-containing electrolyte are 56.03%and 94.92%respectively.After 230 cycles at high temperatures(45℃),their values are 75.30%and 88.38%respectively.The enhanced electrochemical performance of the batteries with PHIS-containing electrolyte is supported by the spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations.It is demonstrated that this PHIS electrolyte additive can facilitate the construction of the electrode interface films,remove the H2O/HF in the electrolyte,and improve the electrochemical performance of the batteries.This work not only develops a sulfonate-based electrolyte but also can stimulate new ideas of functional additives to improve the battery performance.展开更多
Drought stress is a limiting factor for wheat production and food security.Drought priming has been shown to increase drought tolerance in wheat.However,the underlying mechanisms are unknown.In the present study,the g...Drought stress is a limiting factor for wheat production and food security.Drought priming has been shown to increase drought tolerance in wheat.However,the underlying mechanisms are unknown.In the present study,the genes encoding the biosynthesis and metabolism of abscisic acid(ABA)and jasmonic acid(JA),as well as genes involved in the ABA and JA signaling pathways were up-regulated by drought priming.Endogenous concentrations of JA and ABA increased following drought priming.The interplay between JA and ABA in plant responses to drought priming was further investigated using inhibitors of ABA and JA biosynthesis.Application of fluridone(FLU)or nordihydroguaiaretic acid(NDGA)to primed plants resulted in lower chlorophyll-fluorescence parameters and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase,and higher cell membrane damage,compared to primed plants(PD)under drought stress.NDGA+ABA,but not FLU+JA,restored priming-induced tolerance,as indicated by a finding of no significant difference from PD under drought stress.Under drought priming,NDGA induced the suppression of ABA accumulation,while FLU did not affect JA accumulation.These results were consistent with the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of ABA and JA.They suggest that ABA and JA are required for priming-induced drought tolerance in wheat,with JA acting upstream of ABA.展开更多
Drought priming is a promising approach to improve tolerance to further drought in wheat.The root apex plays important roles in drought however,its contribution to drought priming remains unknown.To provide mechanisti...Drought priming is a promising approach to improve tolerance to further drought in wheat.The root apex plays important roles in drought however,its contribution to drought priming remains unknown.To provide mechanistic insights into this process,the transcriptomes and proteomes at three different zones along the root axis under drought stress were analyzed.Physiological assessment of root growth indicated that priming augmented roots growth in response to drought and also the levels of protective proline and glycine betaine.Scanning across the proximal to the distal zones of the root apex indicated increases the transcription of genes involved in primary and secondary metabolism.Conversely,genes related to translation,transcription,folding,sorting and degradation,replication and repair were increased in the apex compared to the proximal zone.A single drought episode suppressed their expression but prior drought priming served to maintain expression with recurrent drought stress.The differentially primed responses genes were mainly involved in the pathways related to plant hormone signaling,stress defense and cell wall modification.The prediction of regulatory hubs using Cytoscape implicated signaling components such as the ABA receptor PYL4 as influencing antioxidant status and the cell cycle.Based our integrative transcriptomic-proteomic assessments we present a model for drought priming protected plant hormone signaling transduction pathways to drive the cell cycle and cell wall loosening to confer beneficial effects on roots to counter the effects of drought.This model provides a theoretical basis for improvement of drought tolerance in wheat,via an increased understanding of drought priming induced drought tolerance.展开更多
[Objective] This study analyzed genetic diversity of 22 representative peony cultivars to investigate genetic differences between peony cultivars and explore excellent germplasm resources,aiming at providing scientifi...[Objective] This study analyzed genetic diversity of 22 representative peony cultivars to investigate genetic differences between peony cultivars and explore excellent germplasm resources,aiming at providing scientific basis for analysis of genetic relationships between different peony cultivars and germplasm innovation.[Method] Flower color,flower type,plant height,plant width,flower diameter,leaf length,leaf width,plant type and leaf type of 22 peony cultivars were surveyed.The genetic distances between peony cultivars were calculated with Euclidean distance method.The genetic diversity of 22 peony cultivars was analyzed by UPGMA cluster analysis.[Result]Based on the overall average of total genetic distance,UPGMA cluster analysis results were classified.Thus,22 peony cultivars were divided into five categories.CategoryⅠconsisted of Yinhongqiaodui,Jizhuahong,Babaoxiang,Chongloudiancui,Congzhongxiao,Weizi,Yanlongzi and Qiejiazi;category II consisted of Huhong;category III consisted of Xiaohuhong,Baiyulan,Yingsuhong,Fengdan,Dajinfeng,Jingyu,Panzhongquguo,Qingshanguanxue,Mojianrong,Dahongyipin and Lanhuakui;category Ⅳ consisted of Haihuang;category Ⅴ consisted of Sihelian.The classification results were consistent with pedigree analysis.Peony cultivars with unknown pedigree were assigned to corresponding heterosis group.[Conclusion]The diversity analysis of morphological traits is an effective method for investigating genetic differences between different cultivars,which may lay the theoretic foundation for breeding,industrial development and application of new peony cultivars.展开更多
The genetic diversity of 35 wheat varieties was analyzed by hierarchical clustering and regression analysis based on yield,number of basic seedlings,maximum number of tillers,effective panicles,plant height,number of ...The genetic diversity of 35 wheat varieties was analyzed by hierarchical clustering and regression analysis based on yield,number of basic seedlings,maximum number of tillers,effective panicles,plant height,number of grains per panicle,and 1 000-grain weight. The linear regression analysis of wheat yield depending on wheat agronomic traits showed that the effects of the wheat agronomic traits on yield ranked as number of basic seedlings > number of effective panicles> number of grains per panicle > 1 000-grain weight > maximum number of tillers > plant height. With the mean value of all the genetic distance as reference,grouping was performed to the results of the clustering analysis. The tested materials were divided into 7 groups. Group I included ‘Annong 1202',‘Annong1207',‘Lemai W11160',‘SC1201',‘Yannong 173',‘Taike 081',‘Womai 06040',‘Tianyun 5126',‘Liumai 66'and‘Jimai 5319',10 cultivars in total; group II consisted of‘Zhongmai 155',‘Feilai 0591',‘Zhongmai 1',‘Fu 0608',‘Gushenmai 9',‘Yikemai 6',‘Longanmai 968',‘Sui 1209',‘Lvyu13',‘Zhengmai 110'and‘Longanmai 968',11 cultivars in total; group III included‘Longke 1221',‘Longmai 109'and‘Changhe 23',3 cultivars in total;group IV comprised‘Quanmai 504',‘Wanmai 998'and‘Jian 182',3 varieties in total; group V included‘An 1202',‘An 1240',‘Yuanfeng 0735',‘Fumai9375',‘Yuanyu 15'and‘Su 11033',6 in total; group Ⅵ only included‘Xinmin 8'; and group VII only included‘Jimai 6852'. These results are of great theoretical and practical significance to the improvement of wheat yield and quality through the combining of wheat cultivars and the coordination of above agronomic traits.展开更多
In this study,TiN films were deposited on SiO2 substrates by Atomic Layer Deposition(ALD) using TiCl4and NH3 as precursors. Properties and morphology of the TiN films were characterized by different methods.Using Graz...In this study,TiN films were deposited on SiO2 substrates by Atomic Layer Deposition(ALD) using TiCl4and NH3 as precursors. Properties and morphology of the TiN films were characterized by different methods.Using Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction(GIXRD),TiN films demonstrated polycrystalline structure with(111)preferred orientation. Film thickness was measured by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry(SE) and a stable growth rate of 0.0178 nm/cycle was reached after 500 deposition cycles,which was consistent with the essence of ALD as a surface-saturated self-limiting reaction. Film resistivity measured by a four-point probe continuously decreased with increasing deposition cycles until it reached the minimum value of 300μΩ cm at 5000 deposition cycles with a thickness of 87.04 nm. The surface roughness and morphology of the TiN films at different deposition cycles ranging from 50 to 400 were analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM). The AFM results indicated that the initial film growth follows the Stranski-Krastanov mode.展开更多
In Lamb wave-based Structural Health Monitoring(SHM), a high-enough spatial resolution is highly required for Lamb wave signals to ensure the resolution and accuracy of damage detection. However, besides the dispersio...In Lamb wave-based Structural Health Monitoring(SHM), a high-enough spatial resolution is highly required for Lamb wave signals to ensure the resolution and accuracy of damage detection. However, besides the dispersion characteristic, the signal spatial resolution is also largely restricted by the space duration of excitation waveforms, i.e., the Initial Spatial Resolution(ISR)for the signals before travelling. To resolve the problem of inferior signal spatial resolution of Lamb waves, a Lamb Wave Signal Reconstruction(LWSR) method is presented and applied for highresolution damage imaging in this paper. In LWSR, not only a new linearly-dispersive signal is reconstructed from an original Lamb wave signal, but also the group velocity at the central frequency is sufficiently decreased. Then, both dispersion compensation and ISR improvement can be realized to achieve a satisfying signal spatial resolution. After the frequency domain sensing model and spatial resolution of Lamb wave signals are firstly analyzed, the basic idea and numerical realization of LWSR are discussed. Numerical simulations are also implemented to preliminarily validate LWSR. Subsequently, LWSR-based high-resolution damage imaging is developed. An experiment of adjacent multiple damage identification is finally conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of LWSR and LWSR-based imaging methods.展开更多
Summary What is known about this topic?Few major outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have occurred in China after major nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccines have been deployed and implemented.Howeve...Summary What is known about this topic?Few major outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have occurred in China after major nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccines have been deployed and implemented.However,sporadic outbreaks that had high possibility to be linked to cold chain products were reported in several cities of China..What is added by this report?In July 2020,a COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Dalian,China.The investigations of this outbreak strongly suggested that the infection source was from COVID-19 virus-contaminated packaging of frozen seafood during inbound unloading personnel contact.What are the implications for public health practice?Virus contaminated paper surfaces could maintain infectivity for at least 17–24 days at-25℃.Exposure to COVID-19 virus-contaminated surfaces is a potential route for introducing the virus to a susceptible population.Countries with no domestic transmission of COVID-19 should consider introducing prevention strategies for both inbound travellers and imported goods.Several measures to prevent the introduction of the virus via cold-chain goods can be implemented.展开更多
Increased microglial activation and neuroinflammation within autonomic brain regions such as the rostral ventrolateral medulla(RVLM)have been implicated in stress-induced hypertension(SIH).Prorenin,a member of the bra...Increased microglial activation and neuroinflammation within autonomic brain regions such as the rostral ventrolateral medulla(RVLM)have been implicated in stress-induced hypertension(SIH).Prorenin,a member of the brain renin-angiotensin system(RAS),can directly activate microglia.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of prorenin on microglial activation in the RVLM of SIH rats.Rats were subjected to intermittent electric foot-shocks plus noise,this stress was administered for 2 h twice daily for 15 consecutive days,and mean arterial pressure(MAP)and renal sympathetic nerve activity(RSNA)were monitored.The results showed that MAP and RSNA were augmented,and this paralleled increased pro-inflammatory phenotype(M1)switching.Prorenin and its receptor(PRR)expression and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)activation were increased in RVLM of SIH rats.In addition,PLX5622(a microglial depletion agent),MCC950(a NLRP3 inhibitor),and/or PRO20(a(Pro)renin receptor antagonist)had antihypertensive effects in the rats.The NLRP3 expression in the RVLM was decreased in SIH rats treated with PLX5622.Mito-tracker staining showed translocation of NLRP3 from mitochondria to the cytoplasm in proreninstimulated microglia.Prorenin increased the ROS-triggering M1 phenotype-switching and NLRP3 activation,while MCC950 decreased the M1 polarization.In conclusion,upregulated prorenin in the RVLM may be involved in the pathogenesis of SIH,mediated by activation of the microglia-derived NLRP3 inflammasome.The link between prorenin and NLRP3 in microglia provides insights for the treatment of stress-related hypertension.展开更多
Wheat yield and grain protein content(GPC)are two main optimization targets for breeding and cultivation.Remote sensing provides nondestructive and early predictions of yield and GPC,respectively.However,whether it is...Wheat yield and grain protein content(GPC)are two main optimization targets for breeding and cultivation.Remote sensing provides nondestructive and early predictions of yield and GPC,respectively.However,whether it is possible to simultaneously predict yield and GPC in one model and the accuracy and influencing factors are still unclear.In this study,we made a systematic comparison of different deep learning models in terms of data fusion,time-series feature extraction,and multitask learning.The results showed that time-series data fusion significantly improved yield and GPC prediction accuracy with R 2 values of 0.817 and 0.809.展开更多
The barrier/seed layer is a key issue in Through Silicon Via(TSV) technology for 3-D integration.Sputtering is an important deposition method for via metallization in semiconductor process. However,due to the limitati...The barrier/seed layer is a key issue in Through Silicon Via(TSV) technology for 3-D integration.Sputtering is an important deposition method for via metallization in semiconductor process. However,due to the limitation of sputtering and a "scallop" profile inside vias,poor step coverage of the barrier/seed layer always occurs in the via metallization process. In this paper,the effects of several sputter parameters(DC power,Ar pressure,deposition time,and substrate temperature) on thin film coverage for TSV applications are investigated.Robust TSVs with aspect ratio 5 1 were obtained with optimized magnetron sputter parameters. In addition,the influences of different sputter parameters are compared and the conclusion could be used as a guideline to select appropriate parameter sets.展开更多
Patchy stomata are a common and characteristic phenomenon in plants.Understanding and studying the regulation mechanism of patchy stomata are of great significance to further supplement and improve the stomatal theory...Patchy stomata are a common and characteristic phenomenon in plants.Understanding and studying the regulation mechanism of patchy stomata are of great significance to further supplement and improve the stomatal theory.Currently,the common methods for stomatal behavior observation are based on static images,which makes it difficult to reflect dynamic changes of stomata.With the rapid development of portable microscopes and computer vision algorithms,it brings new chances for stomatal movement observation.In this study,a stomatal behavior observation system(SBOS)was proposed for real-time observation and automatic analysis of each single stoma in wheat leaf using object tracking and semantic segmentation methods.The SBOS includes two modules:the real-time observation module and the automatic analysis module.The real-time observation module can shoot videos of stomatal dynamic changes.In the automatic analysis module,object tracking locates every single stoma accurately to obtain stomatal pictures arranged in time-series;semantic segmentation can precisely quantify the stomatal opening area(SOA),with a mean pixel accuracy(MPA)of 0.8305 and a mean intersection over union(MIoU)of 0.5590 in the testing set.Moreover,we designed a graphical user interface(GUI)so that researchers could use this automatic analysis module smoothly.To verify the performance of the SBOS,the dynamic changes of stomata were observed and analyzed under chilling.Finally,we analyzed the correlation between gas exchange and SOA under drought stress,and the correlation coefficients between mean SOA and net photosynthetic rate(Pn),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),stomatal conductance(Gs),and transpiration rate(Tr)are 0.93,0.96,0.96,and 0.97.展开更多
Uterus didelphys occurs in~0.4%of females and is found in~11%-20%of all uterus defects.It is a risk factor for cervical insufficiency,consequently contributing to late miscarriage or preterm birth.Thus far,only two pr...Uterus didelphys occurs in~0.4%of females and is found in~11%-20%of all uterus defects.It is a risk factor for cervical insufficiency,consequently contributing to late miscarriage or preterm birth.Thus far,only two prior cases of uterus didelphys accompanied by cervical insufficiency treated through laparoscopic cervical cerclage have been reported;however,livebirth only occurred in one hemiuterus.Herein,we report a case of uterus didelphys in a patient diagnosed with cervical insufficiency.Following the placement of a modified laparoscopic cervical cerclage,the patient had two successful livebirths through both hemiuteruses,respectively,with longer gestation age(ie,>36 weeks).The aim of this case report was to provide useful information for clinical practitioners to make better decisions on the management of cervical insufficiency in patients with uterus didelphys,and identify obstetric complications that clinicians should pay attention to during pregnancy.展开更多
Chip-on-Film(Co F) is a packaging technology that mounts Integrated Circuits(IC) chips directly on a flexible substrate surface. As both power and the number of pins in such packages increase, thermal conditions becom...Chip-on-Film(Co F) is a packaging technology that mounts Integrated Circuits(IC) chips directly on a flexible substrate surface. As both power and the number of pins in such packages increase, thermal conditions become more important. In this paper, the thermal resistance of Co F packages is studied using Ansys software to perform finite-element analysis. Because of circuit complexity, two equivalent methods—a length-weighted method and an image-recognition method—are proposed in place of an accurate model to get equivalent thermal conductivity of Co F package devices. In our experiments, the simulated value of thermal resistance based on the length-weighted method was 1.653 K/W, and the value based on the image-recognition method was 1.911 K/W. The real thermal resistance value of the Co F package device is 1.812 K/W. So the error between the real value measured by a tester and the simulated value based on the length-weighted method is 8.8%, and the error between the real value and the simulated value based on the image-recognition method is 5.5%. Hence, both methods can provide effective simulation results, and the image-recognition method is more accurate. In addition, we optimized the Co F package structure. From the simulation results, the drop in thermal resistance after the optimization is obvious.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Plan Projects of Guangzhou City(202103040001)。
文摘This work develops 2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonate(PHIS)as a multi-functional electrolyte additive for H2O/HF scavenging and film formation to improve the high temperature performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/graphite batteries.After 450 cycles at room temperature(25℃),the discharge capacity retentions of batteries with blank and PHIS-containing electrolyte are 56.03%and 94.92%respectively.After 230 cycles at high temperatures(45℃),their values are 75.30%and 88.38%respectively.The enhanced electrochemical performance of the batteries with PHIS-containing electrolyte is supported by the spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations.It is demonstrated that this PHIS electrolyte additive can facilitate the construction of the electrode interface films,remove the H2O/HF in the electrolyte,and improve the electrochemical performance of the batteries.This work not only develops a sulfonate-based electrolyte but also can stimulate new ideas of functional additives to improve the battery performance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771693,U1803235)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYZ201807)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-03)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP)the 111 Project(B16026)。
文摘Drought stress is a limiting factor for wheat production and food security.Drought priming has been shown to increase drought tolerance in wheat.However,the underlying mechanisms are unknown.In the present study,the genes encoding the biosynthesis and metabolism of abscisic acid(ABA)and jasmonic acid(JA),as well as genes involved in the ABA and JA signaling pathways were up-regulated by drought priming.Endogenous concentrations of JA and ABA increased following drought priming.The interplay between JA and ABA in plant responses to drought priming was further investigated using inhibitors of ABA and JA biosynthesis.Application of fluridone(FLU)or nordihydroguaiaretic acid(NDGA)to primed plants resulted in lower chlorophyll-fluorescence parameters and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase,and higher cell membrane damage,compared to primed plants(PD)under drought stress.NDGA+ABA,but not FLU+JA,restored priming-induced tolerance,as indicated by a finding of no significant difference from PD under drought stress.Under drought priming,NDGA induced the suppression of ABA accumulation,while FLU did not affect JA accumulation.These results were consistent with the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of ABA and JA.They suggest that ABA and JA are required for priming-induced drought tolerance in wheat,with JA acting upstream of ABA.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771693, U1803235)+3 种基金the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-03)JCIC-MCPthe 111 Project (B16026)the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Exchange Grant (BB/R02118X/1)。
文摘Drought priming is a promising approach to improve tolerance to further drought in wheat.The root apex plays important roles in drought however,its contribution to drought priming remains unknown.To provide mechanistic insights into this process,the transcriptomes and proteomes at three different zones along the root axis under drought stress were analyzed.Physiological assessment of root growth indicated that priming augmented roots growth in response to drought and also the levels of protective proline and glycine betaine.Scanning across the proximal to the distal zones of the root apex indicated increases the transcription of genes involved in primary and secondary metabolism.Conversely,genes related to translation,transcription,folding,sorting and degradation,replication and repair were increased in the apex compared to the proximal zone.A single drought episode suppressed their expression but prior drought priming served to maintain expression with recurrent drought stress.The differentially primed responses genes were mainly involved in the pathways related to plant hormone signaling,stress defense and cell wall modification.The prediction of regulatory hubs using Cytoscape implicated signaling components such as the ABA receptor PYL4 as influencing antioxidant status and the cell cycle.Based our integrative transcriptomic-proteomic assessments we present a model for drought priming protected plant hormone signaling transduction pathways to drive the cell cycle and cell wall loosening to confer beneficial effects on roots to counter the effects of drought.This model provides a theoretical basis for improvement of drought tolerance in wheat,via an increased understanding of drought priming induced drought tolerance.
基金Supported by Key Project of Natural Science Foundation for Universities in Anhui Province(KJ2013A207,KJ2014A194)Major Project for Provincial Discipline Construction of Anhui Province[WJMK(2014)No.28]
文摘[Objective] This study analyzed genetic diversity of 22 representative peony cultivars to investigate genetic differences between peony cultivars and explore excellent germplasm resources,aiming at providing scientific basis for analysis of genetic relationships between different peony cultivars and germplasm innovation.[Method] Flower color,flower type,plant height,plant width,flower diameter,leaf length,leaf width,plant type and leaf type of 22 peony cultivars were surveyed.The genetic distances between peony cultivars were calculated with Euclidean distance method.The genetic diversity of 22 peony cultivars was analyzed by UPGMA cluster analysis.[Result]Based on the overall average of total genetic distance,UPGMA cluster analysis results were classified.Thus,22 peony cultivars were divided into five categories.CategoryⅠconsisted of Yinhongqiaodui,Jizhuahong,Babaoxiang,Chongloudiancui,Congzhongxiao,Weizi,Yanlongzi and Qiejiazi;category II consisted of Huhong;category III consisted of Xiaohuhong,Baiyulan,Yingsuhong,Fengdan,Dajinfeng,Jingyu,Panzhongquguo,Qingshanguanxue,Mojianrong,Dahongyipin and Lanhuakui;category Ⅳ consisted of Haihuang;category Ⅴ consisted of Sihelian.The classification results were consistent with pedigree analysis.Peony cultivars with unknown pedigree were assigned to corresponding heterosis group.[Conclusion]The diversity analysis of morphological traits is an effective method for investigating genetic differences between different cultivars,which may lay the theoretic foundation for breeding,industrial development and application of new peony cultivars.
基金Supported by Major Scientific and Technological Achievement Incubation Fund of Fuyang Normal University(kjfh201605)College Students’Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program of Fuyang Normal University(201610371023)Fund for Teaching Team Construction(Genetics)of Fuyang Normal University(2016PPTD04)
文摘The genetic diversity of 35 wheat varieties was analyzed by hierarchical clustering and regression analysis based on yield,number of basic seedlings,maximum number of tillers,effective panicles,plant height,number of grains per panicle,and 1 000-grain weight. The linear regression analysis of wheat yield depending on wheat agronomic traits showed that the effects of the wheat agronomic traits on yield ranked as number of basic seedlings > number of effective panicles> number of grains per panicle > 1 000-grain weight > maximum number of tillers > plant height. With the mean value of all the genetic distance as reference,grouping was performed to the results of the clustering analysis. The tested materials were divided into 7 groups. Group I included ‘Annong 1202',‘Annong1207',‘Lemai W11160',‘SC1201',‘Yannong 173',‘Taike 081',‘Womai 06040',‘Tianyun 5126',‘Liumai 66'and‘Jimai 5319',10 cultivars in total; group II consisted of‘Zhongmai 155',‘Feilai 0591',‘Zhongmai 1',‘Fu 0608',‘Gushenmai 9',‘Yikemai 6',‘Longanmai 968',‘Sui 1209',‘Lvyu13',‘Zhengmai 110'and‘Longanmai 968',11 cultivars in total; group III included‘Longke 1221',‘Longmai 109'and‘Changhe 23',3 cultivars in total;group IV comprised‘Quanmai 504',‘Wanmai 998'and‘Jian 182',3 varieties in total; group V included‘An 1202',‘An 1240',‘Yuanfeng 0735',‘Fumai9375',‘Yuanyu 15'and‘Su 11033',6 in total; group Ⅵ only included‘Xinmin 8'; and group VII only included‘Jimai 6852'. These results are of great theoretical and practical significance to the improvement of wheat yield and quality through the combining of wheat cultivars and the coordination of above agronomic traits.
基金This study is supported by the projects of Priority Academic Program Developmem （PAPD）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31171484, 31471445）, the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scientists （31325020）, Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund （CX （14） 2002）, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （20090097110009）, the National Non-profit Program by Ministry of Agriculture （200903003）, and the China Agriculture Research System （CARS-03）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61274111)
文摘In this study,TiN films were deposited on SiO2 substrates by Atomic Layer Deposition(ALD) using TiCl4and NH3 as precursors. Properties and morphology of the TiN films were characterized by different methods.Using Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction(GIXRD),TiN films demonstrated polycrystalline structure with(111)preferred orientation. Film thickness was measured by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry(SE) and a stable growth rate of 0.0178 nm/cycle was reached after 500 deposition cycles,which was consistent with the essence of ALD as a surface-saturated self-limiting reaction. Film resistivity measured by a four-point probe continuously decreased with increasing deposition cycles until it reached the minimum value of 300μΩ cm at 5000 deposition cycles with a thickness of 87.04 nm. The surface roughness and morphology of the TiN films at different deposition cycles ranging from 50 to 400 were analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM). The AFM results indicated that the initial film growth follows the Stranski-Krastanov mode.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.NS2016012)
文摘In Lamb wave-based Structural Health Monitoring(SHM), a high-enough spatial resolution is highly required for Lamb wave signals to ensure the resolution and accuracy of damage detection. However, besides the dispersion characteristic, the signal spatial resolution is also largely restricted by the space duration of excitation waveforms, i.e., the Initial Spatial Resolution(ISR)for the signals before travelling. To resolve the problem of inferior signal spatial resolution of Lamb waves, a Lamb Wave Signal Reconstruction(LWSR) method is presented and applied for highresolution damage imaging in this paper. In LWSR, not only a new linearly-dispersive signal is reconstructed from an original Lamb wave signal, but also the group velocity at the central frequency is sufficiently decreased. Then, both dispersion compensation and ISR improvement can be realized to achieve a satisfying signal spatial resolution. After the frequency domain sensing model and spatial resolution of Lamb wave signals are firstly analyzed, the basic idea and numerical realization of LWSR are discussed. Numerical simulations are also implemented to preliminarily validate LWSR. Subsequently, LWSR-based high-resolution damage imaging is developed. An experiment of adjacent multiple damage identification is finally conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of LWSR and LWSR-based imaging methods.
基金The National Key Research and Development Project,Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2021YFC0863000,2018ZX10713002,and 2020YFC0846900),National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72042012,and No.82041032)and National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2017ZX10104001).
文摘Summary What is known about this topic?Few major outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have occurred in China after major nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccines have been deployed and implemented.However,sporadic outbreaks that had high possibility to be linked to cold chain products were reported in several cities of China..What is added by this report?In July 2020,a COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Dalian,China.The investigations of this outbreak strongly suggested that the infection source was from COVID-19 virus-contaminated packaging of frozen seafood during inbound unloading personnel contact.What are the implications for public health practice?Virus contaminated paper surfaces could maintain infectivity for at least 17–24 days at-25℃.Exposure to COVID-19 virus-contaminated surfaces is a potential route for introducing the virus to a susceptible population.Countries with no domestic transmission of COVID-19 should consider introducing prevention strategies for both inbound travellers and imported goods.Several measures to prevent the introduction of the virus via cold-chain goods can be implemented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770423)the Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(13ZR1403400)。
文摘Increased microglial activation and neuroinflammation within autonomic brain regions such as the rostral ventrolateral medulla(RVLM)have been implicated in stress-induced hypertension(SIH).Prorenin,a member of the brain renin-angiotensin system(RAS),can directly activate microglia.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of prorenin on microglial activation in the RVLM of SIH rats.Rats were subjected to intermittent electric foot-shocks plus noise,this stress was administered for 2 h twice daily for 15 consecutive days,and mean arterial pressure(MAP)and renal sympathetic nerve activity(RSNA)were monitored.The results showed that MAP and RSNA were augmented,and this paralleled increased pro-inflammatory phenotype(M1)switching.Prorenin and its receptor(PRR)expression and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)activation were increased in RVLM of SIH rats.In addition,PLX5622(a microglial depletion agent),MCC950(a NLRP3 inhibitor),and/or PRO20(a(Pro)renin receptor antagonist)had antihypertensive effects in the rats.The NLRP3 expression in the RVLM was decreased in SIH rats treated with PLX5622.Mito-tracker staining showed translocation of NLRP3 from mitochondria to the cytoplasm in proreninstimulated microglia.Prorenin increased the ROS-triggering M1 phenotype-switching and NLRP3 activation,while MCC950 decreased the M1 polarization.In conclusion,upregulated prorenin in the RVLM may be involved in the pathogenesis of SIH,mediated by activation of the microglia-derived NLRP3 inflammasome.The link between prorenin and NLRP3 in microglia provides insights for the treatment of stress-related hypertension.
基金This study was supported by the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technol-ogy Independent Innovation Fund Project(No.CX(21)3107)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030076)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M691490)Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(No.2021K520C)High Level Personnel Project of Jiangsu Province(JSSCBS20210271)Collabo-rative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by the Province and Ministry(CIC-MCP).
文摘Wheat yield and grain protein content(GPC)are two main optimization targets for breeding and cultivation.Remote sensing provides nondestructive and early predictions of yield and GPC,respectively.However,whether it is possible to simultaneously predict yield and GPC in one model and the accuracy and influencing factors are still unclear.In this study,we made a systematic comparison of different deep learning models in terms of data fusion,time-series feature extraction,and multitask learning.The results showed that time-series data fusion significantly improved yield and GPC prediction accuracy with R 2 values of 0.817 and 0.809.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61274111)he National Science & Technology Major Project of China (No. 2011ZX02709)
文摘The barrier/seed layer is a key issue in Through Silicon Via(TSV) technology for 3-D integration.Sputtering is an important deposition method for via metallization in semiconductor process. However,due to the limitation of sputtering and a "scallop" profile inside vias,poor step coverage of the barrier/seed layer always occurs in the via metallization process. In this paper,the effects of several sputter parameters(DC power,Ar pressure,deposition time,and substrate temperature) on thin film coverage for TSV applications are investigated.Robust TSVs with aspect ratio 5 1 were obtained with optimized magnetron sputter parameters. In addition,the influences of different sputter parameters are compared and the conclusion could be used as a guideline to select appropriate parameter sets.
基金the projects of National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300107)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771693,U1803235)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYZ201807)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03)Jiangsu Collabora-tive Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP),and the 111 Project(B16026).
文摘Patchy stomata are a common and characteristic phenomenon in plants.Understanding and studying the regulation mechanism of patchy stomata are of great significance to further supplement and improve the stomatal theory.Currently,the common methods for stomatal behavior observation are based on static images,which makes it difficult to reflect dynamic changes of stomata.With the rapid development of portable microscopes and computer vision algorithms,it brings new chances for stomatal movement observation.In this study,a stomatal behavior observation system(SBOS)was proposed for real-time observation and automatic analysis of each single stoma in wheat leaf using object tracking and semantic segmentation methods.The SBOS includes two modules:the real-time observation module and the automatic analysis module.The real-time observation module can shoot videos of stomatal dynamic changes.In the automatic analysis module,object tracking locates every single stoma accurately to obtain stomatal pictures arranged in time-series;semantic segmentation can precisely quantify the stomatal opening area(SOA),with a mean pixel accuracy(MPA)of 0.8305 and a mean intersection over union(MIoU)of 0.5590 in the testing set.Moreover,we designed a graphical user interface(GUI)so that researchers could use this automatic analysis module smoothly.To verify the performance of the SBOS,the dynamic changes of stomata were observed and analyzed under chilling.Finally,we analyzed the correlation between gas exchange and SOA under drought stress,and the correlation coefficients between mean SOA and net photosynthetic rate(Pn),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),stomatal conductance(Gs),and transpiration rate(Tr)are 0.93,0.96,0.96,and 0.97.
文摘Uterus didelphys occurs in~0.4%of females and is found in~11%-20%of all uterus defects.It is a risk factor for cervical insufficiency,consequently contributing to late miscarriage or preterm birth.Thus far,only two prior cases of uterus didelphys accompanied by cervical insufficiency treated through laparoscopic cervical cerclage have been reported;however,livebirth only occurred in one hemiuterus.Herein,we report a case of uterus didelphys in a patient diagnosed with cervical insufficiency.Following the placement of a modified laparoscopic cervical cerclage,the patient had two successful livebirths through both hemiuteruses,respectively,with longer gestation age(ie,>36 weeks).The aim of this case report was to provide useful information for clinical practitioners to make better decisions on the management of cervical insufficiency in patients with uterus didelphys,and identify obstetric complications that clinicians should pay attention to during pregnancy.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2014ZX02503)Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) for thermal resistance measurement
文摘Chip-on-Film(Co F) is a packaging technology that mounts Integrated Circuits(IC) chips directly on a flexible substrate surface. As both power and the number of pins in such packages increase, thermal conditions become more important. In this paper, the thermal resistance of Co F packages is studied using Ansys software to perform finite-element analysis. Because of circuit complexity, two equivalent methods—a length-weighted method and an image-recognition method—are proposed in place of an accurate model to get equivalent thermal conductivity of Co F package devices. In our experiments, the simulated value of thermal resistance based on the length-weighted method was 1.653 K/W, and the value based on the image-recognition method was 1.911 K/W. The real thermal resistance value of the Co F package device is 1.812 K/W. So the error between the real value measured by a tester and the simulated value based on the length-weighted method is 8.8%, and the error between the real value and the simulated value based on the image-recognition method is 5.5%. Hence, both methods can provide effective simulation results, and the image-recognition method is more accurate. In addition, we optimized the Co F package structure. From the simulation results, the drop in thermal resistance after the optimization is obvious.
