Surgery remains the standard treatment for spinal metastasis.However,uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding poses a significant challenge for adequate surgical resection and compromises surgical outcomes.In this study,w...Surgery remains the standard treatment for spinal metastasis.However,uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding poses a significant challenge for adequate surgical resection and compromises surgical outcomes.In this study,we develop a thrombin(Thr)-loaded nanorobothydrogel hybrid superstructure by incorporating nanorobots into regenerated silk fibroin nanofibril hydrogels.This superstructure with superior thixotropic properties is injected percutaneously and dispersed into the spinal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with easy bleeding characteristics,before spinal surgery in a mouse model.Under near-infrared irradiation,the self-motile nanorobots penetrate into the deep spinal tumor,releasing Thr in a controlled manner.Thr-induced thrombosis effectively blocks the tumor vasculature and reduces bleeding,inhibiting tumor growth and postoperative recurrence with Au nanorod-mediated photothermal therapy.Our minimally invasive treatment platform provides a novel preoperative therapeutic strategy for HCC spinal metastasis effectively controlling intraoperative bleeding and tumor growth,with potentially reduced surgical complications and enhanced operative outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is an effective treatment for primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC).Radioactive iodine therapy has been used in the treatment of advanced PHC,especially in patients with...BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is an effective treatment for primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC).Radioactive iodine therapy has been used in the treatment of advanced PHC,especially in patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis.However,data on the therapeutic effect of TACE combined with radioactive iodine therapy in PHC are scarce.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of TACE combined with radioactive iodine implantation therapy in advanced PHC via perfusion computed tomography(CT).METHODS For this study,98 advanced PHC patients were recruited and divided randomly into the study and control groups.Patients in the study group were treated with TACE combined radioactive iodine implantation therapy.Patients in the control group were treated with only TACE.The tumor lesion length,clinical effect,serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and CT perfusion parameters were compared before and after therapy,and statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS There was no significant difference in tumor length and serum AFP between the study and control groups(P>0.05)before treatment.However,the tumor length and serum AFP in the study group were lower than those in the control group 1 mo and 3 mo after therapy.After 3 mo of treatment,the complete and partial remission rate of the study group was 93.88%,which was significantly higher than the control group(77.55%)(P<0.05).Before treatment,there were no significant differences between the two groups on the perfusion CT variables,including the lesion blood volume,permeability surface,blood flow,hepatic artery flow and mean transit time(P>0.05).After 3 mo of treatment,all perfusion CT variables were lower in the study group compared to the control group(P<0.05).The survival time of patients in the study group was 22 mo compared to 18 mo in the control group,which was significantly different[log rank(Mantel-Cox)=4.318,P=0.038].CONCLUSION TACE combined with radioactive iodine implantation in the treatment of advanced PHC can inhibit the formation of blood vessels in tumor tissue and reduce the perfusion level of tumor lesions,thereby improving the clinical efficacy and prolonging the survival time of patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH),invasiveness and potential risks in the process of measurement limited its widespread use.AIM To investiga...BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH),invasiveness and potential risks in the process of measurement limited its widespread use.AIM To investigate the correlation of computed tomography(CT)perfusion parameters with HVPG in PH,and quantitatively assess the blood supply changes in liver and spleen parenchyma before and after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS).METHODS Twenty-four PH related gastrointestinal bleeding patients were recruited in this study,and all patients were performed perfusion CT before and after TIPS surgery within 2 wk.Quantitative parameters of CT perfusion,including liver blood volume(LBV),liver blood flow(LBF),hepatic arterial fraction(HAF),spleen blood volume(SBV)and spleen blood flow(SBF),were measured and compared before and after TIPS,and the quantitative parameters between clinically significant PH(CSPH)and non-CSPH(NCSPH)group were also compared.Then the correlation of CT perfusion parameters with HVPG were analyzed,with statistical significance as P<0.05.RESULTS For all 24 PH patients after TIPS,CT perfusion parameters demonstrated decreased LBV, increased HAF, SBV and SBF, with no statistical difference in LBF. Compared withNCSPH, CSPH showed higher HAF, with no difference in other CT perfusion parameters. HAFbefore TIPS showed positive correlation with HVPG (r = 0.530, P = 0.008), while no correlation wasfound in other CT perfusion parameters with HVPG and Child-Pugh scores.CONCLUSIONHAF, an index of CT perfusion, was positive correlation with HVPG, and higher in CSPH thanNCSPH before TIPS. While increased HAF, SBF and SBV, and decreased LBV, were found afterTIPS, which accommodates a potential non-invasive imaging tool for evaluation of PH.展开更多
The East Asian Very Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI) Network(EAVN) is a rapidly evolving international VLBI array that is currently promoted under joint efforts among China,Japan and Korea.EAVN aims at forming a joi...The East Asian Very Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI) Network(EAVN) is a rapidly evolving international VLBI array that is currently promoted under joint efforts among China,Japan and Korea.EAVN aims at forming a joint VLBI Network by combining a large number of radio telescopes distributed over East Asian regions.After the combination of the Korean VLBI Network(KVN) and the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry(VERA) into Ka VA,further expansion with the joint array in East Asia is actively promoted.Here we report the first imaging results(at 22 and 43 GHz) of bright radio sources obtained with Ka VA connected to Tianma 65-m and Nanshan 26-m Radio Telescopes in China.To test the EAVN imaging performance for different sources,we observed four active galactic nuclei(AGN) having different brightness and morphology.As a result,we confirmed that the Tianma 65-m Radio Telescope(TMRT) significantly enhances the overall array sensitivity,a factor of 4 improvement in baseline sensitivity and 2 in image dynamic range compared to the case of Ka VA only.The addition of the Nanshan 26-m Radio Telescope(NSRT) further doubled the east-west angular resolution.With the resulting high-dynamic-range,high-resolution images with EAVN(Ka VA+TMRT+NSRT),various fine-scale structures in our targets,such as the counter-jet in M87,a kink-like morphology of the 3 C 273 jet and the weak emission in other sources are successfully detected.This demonstrates the powerful capability of EAVN to study AGN jets and to achieve other science goals in general.Ongoing expansion of EAVN will further enhance the angular resolution,detection sensitivity and frequency coverage of the network.展开更多
Objective:Anlotinib hydrochloride is a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,fibroblast growth factor receptor,platelet-derived growth factor receptor,c-Kit,and...Objective:Anlotinib hydrochloride is a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,fibroblast growth factor receptor,platelet-derived growth factor receptor,c-Kit,and c-MET;therefore,it exhibits both antitumor and anti-angiogenetic activities.A phase III trial has shown that anlotinib improved progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),who presented with progressive disease or intolerance after standard chemotherapy.This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of patients receiving anlotinib treatment to determine the dominant populations who are fit for the treatment.Methods:Data were collected from March 2015 to January 2017 from a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multicenter,phase III trial of anlotinib(ALTER0303).A total of 437 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated(2:1)to the anlotinib and placebo groups.Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test were performed to compare PFS and OS.Cox proportional hazards model was adopted for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results:Multivariate analysis indicated that high post-therapeutic peripheral blood granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were independent risk factors for PFS.Meanwhile,elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone,blood glucose,and triglyceride levels;hypertension;and hand–foot syndrome were independent protective factors of PFS.High posttherapeutic peripheral blood granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio,an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score≥2,and the sum of the maximal target lesion length at baseline were independent risk factors of OS,and hypertriglyceridemia was an independent protective factor of OS.Conclusions:This study preliminarily explored the possible factors that affected PFS and OS after anlotinib treatment in patients with advanced refractory NSCLC,and the baseline characteristics of the therapeutically dominant populations were then identified.展开更多
Objective： The standard treatment for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer has relied on perioperativeradio-chemotherapy or chemotherapy and surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the wealth of ra...Objective： The standard treatment for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer has relied on perioperativeradio-chemotherapy or chemotherapy and surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the wealth of radiomicsfor pre-treatment computed tomography （CT） in the prediction of the pathological response of locally advancedgastric cancer with preoperative chemotherapy.Methods： Thirty consecutive patients with CT-staged Ⅱ/Ⅲ gastric cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapywere enrolled in this study between December 2014 and March 2017. All patients underwent upper abdominal CTduring the unenhanced, late arterial phase （AP） and portal venous phase （PP） before the administration ofneoadjuvant chemotherapy. In total, 19,985 radiomics features were extracted in the AP and PP for each patient.Four methods were adopted during feature selection and eight methods were used in the process of building theclassifier model. Thirty-two combinations of feature selection and classification methods were examined. Receiveroperating characteristic （ROC） curves were used to evaluate the capability of each combination of feature selectionand classification method to predict a non-good response （non-GR） based on tumor regression grade （TRG）.Results： The mean area under the curve （AUC） ranged from 0.194 to 0.621 in the AP, and from 0.455 to 0.722in the PP, according to different combinations of feature selection and the classification methods. There was onlyone cross-combination machine-learning method indicating a relatively higher AUC （〉0.600） in the AP, while 12cross-combination machine-learning methods presented relatively higher AUCs （all 〉0.600） in the PP. The featureselection method adopted by a filter based on linear discriminant analysis ＋ classifier of random forest achieved asignificantly prognostic performance in the PP （AUC, 0.722~0.108; accuracy, 0.793; sensitivity, 0.636; specificity,0.889; Z=2.039; P=0.041）.Conclusions： It is possible to predict non-GR after neoadiuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastriccancers based on the radiomics of CT.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Portal vein thrombosis is not uncommon after splenectomy in cirrhotic patients, and many such patients take oral antic...BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Portal vein thrombosis is not uncommon after splenectomy in cirrhotic patients, and many such patients take oral anticoagulants including aspirin. However, the long-term impact of postoperative aspirin on cirrhotic patients after splenectomy remains unknown. AIM The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of postoperative long-term low-dose aspirin administration on the development of HCC and longterm survival of cirrhotic patients after splenectomy. METHODS The clinical data of 264 adult patients with viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis who underwent splenectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2000 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Among these patients, 59 who started taking 100 mg/d aspirin within seven days were enrolled in the aspirin group. The incidence of HCC and overall survival were analyzed.RESULTS During follow-up, 41 (15.53%) patients developed HCC and 37 (14.02%) died due to end-stage liver diseases or other serious complications. Postoperative longterm low-dose aspirin therapy reduced the incidence of HCC from 19.02% to 3.40% after splenectomy (log-rank test, P=0.028). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that not undertaking postoperative long-term low-dose aspirin therapy [odds ratio (OR)=6.211, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.142-27.324, P=0.016] was the only independent risk factor for the development of HCC. Similarly, patients in the aspirin group survived longer than those in the control group (log-rank test, P=0.041). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the only factor that independently associated with improved overall survival was postoperative long-term low-dose aspirin therapy [OR = 0.218, 95%CI: 0.049- 0.960, P=0.044]. CONCLUSION In patients with viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis, long-term post-splenectomy administration of low-dose aspirin reduces the incidence of HCC and improves the long-term overall survival.展开更多
BACKGROUND Whether to use a T-tube for biliary anastomosis during orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)remains a debatable question.Some surgeons chose to use a T-tube because they believed that it reduces the inciden...BACKGROUND Whether to use a T-tube for biliary anastomosis during orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)remains a debatable question.Some surgeons chose to use a T-tube because they believed that it reduces the incidence of biliary strictures.Advances in surgical techniques during the last decades have significantly decreased the overall incidence of postoperative biliary complications.Whether using a T-tube during OLT is still associated with the reduced incidence of biliary strictures needs to be re-evaluated.AIM To provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on using a T-tube during adult OLT.METHODS In the electronic databases MEDLINE,PubMed,Scopus,ClinicalTrials.gov,the Cochrane Library,the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trails Register,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,we identified 17 studies(eight randomized controlled trials and nine comparative studies)from January 1995 to October 2020.The data of the studies before and after 2010 were separately extracted.We chose the overall biliary complications,bile leaks or fistulas,biliary strictures(anastomotic or non-anastomotic),and cholangitis as outcomes.Odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated to describe the results of the outcomes.Furthermore,the test for overall effect(Z)was used to test the difference between OR and 1,where P≤0.05 indicated a significant difference between OR value and 1.RESULTS A total of 1053 subjects before 2010 and 1346 subjects after 2010 were included in this meta-analysis.The pooled results showed that using a T-tube reduced the incidence of postoperative biliary strictures in studies before 2010(P=0.012,OR=0.62,95%CI:0.42-0.90),while the same benefit was not seen in studies after 2010(P=0.60,OR=0.76,95%CI:0.27-2.12).No significant difference in the incidence of overall biliary complications(P=0.37,OR=1.41,95%CI:0.66-2.98),bile leaks(P=0.89,OR=1.04,95%CI:0.63-1.70),and cholangitis(P=0.27,OR=2.00,95%CI:0.59-6.84)was observed between using and not using a T-tube before 2010.However,using a T-tube appeared to increase the incidence of overall biliary complications(P=0.049,OR=1.49,95%CI:1.00-2.22),bile leaks(P=0.048,OR=1.91,95%CI:1.01-3.64),and cholangitis(P=0.02,OR=7.21,95%CI:1.37-38.00)after 2010.A random-effects model was used in biliary strictures(after 2010),overall biliary complications(before 2010),and cholangitis(before 2010)due to their heterogeneity(I2=62.3%,85.4%,and 53.6%,respectively).In the sensitivity analysis(only RCTs included),bile leak(P=0.66)lost the significance after 2010 and a random-effects model was used in overall biliary complications(before 2010),cholangitis(before 2010),bile leaks(after 2010),and biliary strictures(after 2010)because of their heterogeneity(I2=92.2%,65.6%,50.9%,and 80.3%,respectively).CONCLUSION In conclusion,the evidence gathered in our updated meta-analysis showed that the studies published in the last decade did not provide enough evidence to support the routine use of T-tube in adults during OLT.展开更多
New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into an ischemia group （occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 60 minutes）, an ischemia-reperfusion group （occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 60 minutes followed by 48 hour...New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into an ischemia group （occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 60 minutes）, an ischemia-reperfusion group （occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 60 minutes followed by 48 hours of reperfusion） and a sham-surgery group. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detected 49 differentially expressed proteins in spinal cord tissue from the ischemia and ischemia/ reperfusion groups and 23 of them were identified by mass spectrometry. In the ischemia group, the expression of eight proteins was up regulated, and that of the remaining four proteins was down regulated. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, the expression of four proteins was up regulated, and that of two proteins was down regulated. In the sham-surgery group, only one protein was detected. In the ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion groups, four proteins overlapped between groups with the same differential expression, including three that were up regulated and one down regulated. These proteins were related to energy metabolism, cell defense, inflammatory mechanism and cell signaling.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH).However,its use can be limited because it is an invasive procedure.Therefore,it is necessary to explore a ...BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH).However,its use can be limited because it is an invasive procedure.Therefore,it is necessary to explore a non-invasive method to assess PH.AIM To investigate the correlation of computed tomography(CT)perfusion of the liver with HVPG and Child-Pugh score in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related PH.METHODS Twenty-eight patients(4 female,24 male)with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding induced by HBV-related PH were recruited in our study.All patients received CT perfusion of the liver before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt(TIPS)therapy.Quantitative parameters of CT perfusion of the liver,including liver blood flow(LBF),liver blood volume(LBV),hepatic artery fraction,splenic blood flow and splenic blood volume were measured.HVPG was recorded during TIPS therapy.Correlation of liver perfusion with Child-Pugh score and HVPG were analyzed,and the receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed.Based on HVPG(>12 mmHg vs≤12 mmHg),patients were divided into moderate and severe groups,and all parameters were compared.RESULTS Based on HVPG,18 patients were classified into the moderate group and 10 patients were classified into the severe group.The Child-Pugh score,HVPG,LBF and LBV were significantly higher in the moderate group compared to the severe group(all P<0.05).LBF and LBV were negatively associated with HVPG(r=-0.473,P<0.05 and r=-0.503,P<0.01,respectively),whereas splenic blood flow was positively associated with hepatic artery fraction(r=0.434,P<0.05).LBV was negatively correlated with Child-Pugh score.Child-Pugh score was not related to HVPG.Using a cutoff value of 17.85 mL/min/100 g for LBV,the sensitivity and specificity of HVPG≥12 mmHg for diagnosis were 80%and 89%,respectively.CONCLUSION LBV and LBF were negatively correlated with HVPG and Child-Pugh scores.CT perfusion imaging is a potential non-invasive quantitative predictor for PH in HBV-related liver cirrhosis.展开更多
The Large Optical/infrared Telescope(LOT)is a ground-based 12 m diameter telescope which is proposed to be built in western China.The site selection for LOT in China began in 2016,and Ali was listed as one of the thre...The Large Optical/infrared Telescope(LOT)is a ground-based 12 m diameter telescope which is proposed to be built in western China.The site selection for LOT in China began in 2016,and Ali was listed as one of the three candidate sites.Remote studies and local surveys have been carried out for more than 15 years in western China,and the results show that Ali is a promising site with comprehensive quality in terms of atmospheric and supporting conditions.An overview of the site testing campaign at the Ali site from 2016 to 2019 is presented.After the two years of data collection,the overall median seeing value is found to be 1.17 arcsec,the observable nights are 81.71%and the good observable nights are 71.76%.The weather conditions as follows,the median night temperature value is-5.18℃,the median night relative humidity value is 41.25%,the median night atmospheric pressure value is 540.92 hPa,the median night wind speed value is 7.41 m s-1 and the mainly wind direction is southwestern(SW).The median night sky background value is 22.07 magV.We also discuss the wind speed at different locations on-site,the possibility of light pollution and the effect of wind speed on differential image motion monitor(DIMM)seeing measurements.展开更多
Following central nervous system injury, axonal sprouts form distal to the injury site and extend into the denervated area, reconstructing neural circuits through neural plasticity. How to facilitate this plasticity h...Following central nervous system injury, axonal sprouts form distal to the injury site and extend into the denervated area, reconstructing neural circuits through neural plasticity. How to facilitate this plasticity has become the key to the success of central nervous system repair. It remains controversial whether fine motor skill training contributes to the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury. Therefore, we established a rat model of unilateral corticospinal tract injury using a pyramidal tract cutting method. Horizontal ladder crawling and food ball grasping training procedures were conducted 2 weeks before injury and 3 days after injury. The neurological function of rat forelimbs was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks after injury. Axon growth was observed with biotinylated dextran amine anterograde tracing in the healthy corticospinal tract of the denervated area at different time periods. Our results demonstrate that compared with untrained rats, functional recovery was better in the forelimbs and forepaws of trained rats. The number of axons and the expression of growth associated protein 43 were increased at the injury site 3 weeks after corticospinal tract injury. These findings confirm that fine motor skill training promotes central nervous system plasticity in spinal cord injury rats.展开更多
Efcient cache management plays a vital role in in-memory dataparallel systems,such as Spark,Tez,Storm and HANA.Recent research,notably research on the Least Reference Count(LRC)and Most Reference Distance(MRD)policies...Efcient cache management plays a vital role in in-memory dataparallel systems,such as Spark,Tez,Storm and HANA.Recent research,notably research on the Least Reference Count(LRC)and Most Reference Distance(MRD)policies,has shown that dependency-aware caching management practices that consider the application’s directed acyclic graph(DAG)perform well in Spark.However,these practices ignore the further relationship between RDDs and cached some redundant RDDs with the same child RDDs,which degrades the memory performance.Hence,in memory-constrained situations,systems may encounter a performance bottleneck due to frequent data block replacement.In addition,the prefetch mechanisms in some cache management policies,such as MRD,are hard to trigger.In this paper,we propose a new cache management method called RDE(Redundant Data Eviction)that can fully utilize applications’DAG information to optimize the management result.By considering both RDDs’dependencies and the reference sequence,we effectively evict RDDs with redundant features and perfect the memory for incoming data blocks.Experiments show that RDE improves performance by an average of 55%compared to LRU and by up to 48%and 20%compared to LRC and MRD,respectively.RDE also shows less sensitivity to memory bottlenecks,which means better availability in memory-constrained environments.展开更多
A Q-band two-beam cryogenic receiver for the Tianma Radio Telescope（TMRT）has been developed,and it uses the independently-developed key microwave and millimeter-wave components operating from 35 to 50 GHz with a fra...A Q-band two-beam cryogenic receiver for the Tianma Radio Telescope（TMRT）has been developed,and it uses the independently-developed key microwave and millimeter-wave components operating from 35 to 50 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 35%.The Q-band receiver consists of three parts：optics,cold unit assembly and warm unit assembly,and it can receive simultaneously the lefthanded and right-handed circularly polarized waves.The cold unit assembly of each beam is composed of a feed horn,a noise injection coupler,a differential phase shifter,an orthomode transducer and two low-noise amplifiers,and it works at a temperature range near 20 K to greatly improve the detection sensitivity of the receiving system.The warm unit assembly includes four radio-frequency amplifiers,four radio-frequency high-pass filters,four waveguide biased mixers,four 4–12 GHz intermediate-frequency amplifiers and one 31–38 GHz frequency synthesizer.The measured Q-band four-channel receiver noise temperatures are roughly 30–40 K.In addition,the single-dish spectral line and international very long baseline interferometry（VLBI）observations between the TMRT and East Asia VLBI Network at the Q-band have been successfully carried out,demonstrating the advantages of the TMRT equipped with the state-of-the-art Q-band receiver.展开更多
The pattern of disharmony between the liver and stomach is widely observed in patients with digestive diseases,such as gastroesophageal reflux disease,chronic gastritis,and functional dyspepsia,etc.In order to gain a ...The pattern of disharmony between the liver and stomach is widely observed in patients with digestive diseases,such as gastroesophageal reflux disease,chronic gastritis,and functional dyspepsia,etc.In order to gain a full and systematic understanding of this pattern,we reviewed the functions and physiological characteristics of the liver and stomach and the liver-stomach relationship.In this review,we discuss the pathogenesis and identification of the pattern,as well as the commonly used classical formulas for its treatment,including Left Metal Pill (Zuojin Wan) and Bupleurum Liver-Soothing Powder (Chaihu Shugan San).Besides,we provide two examples of clinical modifications of these formulas in the treatment of chronic gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease in this article.It should be noted that in clinical practice,these formulas should be used flexibly,and modified in accordance to the specific condition of the patient.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52103171,82172738,82272457,22305044)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730638)+3 种基金“Technology Innovation Action Plan”of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21S11902700)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21ZR1412300),Shanghai Science and Technology program(23Y31900202,23010502600)Shanghai“Rising Stars of Medical Talent”Youth Development Program(Youth Medical Talents-Specialist Program,[2020]087)Medical Engineering fund of Fudan University(yg2023-27).
文摘Surgery remains the standard treatment for spinal metastasis.However,uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding poses a significant challenge for adequate surgical resection and compromises surgical outcomes.In this study,we develop a thrombin(Thr)-loaded nanorobothydrogel hybrid superstructure by incorporating nanorobots into regenerated silk fibroin nanofibril hydrogels.This superstructure with superior thixotropic properties is injected percutaneously and dispersed into the spinal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with easy bleeding characteristics,before spinal surgery in a mouse model.Under near-infrared irradiation,the self-motile nanorobots penetrate into the deep spinal tumor,releasing Thr in a controlled manner.Thr-induced thrombosis effectively blocks the tumor vasculature and reduces bleeding,inhibiting tumor growth and postoperative recurrence with Au nanorod-mediated photothermal therapy.Our minimally invasive treatment platform provides a novel preoperative therapeutic strategy for HCC spinal metastasis effectively controlling intraoperative bleeding and tumor growth,with potentially reduced surgical complications and enhanced operative outcomes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0714400)Special Fund for Theoretical Physics of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11547026)+1 种基金the Doctoral Sci-entific Research Foundation of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(No.205200100506)the Foundation of Jiangxi Educational Commission(No.GJJ2200838).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program,No.81871461.
文摘BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is an effective treatment for primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC).Radioactive iodine therapy has been used in the treatment of advanced PHC,especially in patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis.However,data on the therapeutic effect of TACE combined with radioactive iodine therapy in PHC are scarce.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of TACE combined with radioactive iodine implantation therapy in advanced PHC via perfusion computed tomography(CT).METHODS For this study,98 advanced PHC patients were recruited and divided randomly into the study and control groups.Patients in the study group were treated with TACE combined radioactive iodine implantation therapy.Patients in the control group were treated with only TACE.The tumor lesion length,clinical effect,serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and CT perfusion parameters were compared before and after therapy,and statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS There was no significant difference in tumor length and serum AFP between the study and control groups(P>0.05)before treatment.However,the tumor length and serum AFP in the study group were lower than those in the control group 1 mo and 3 mo after therapy.After 3 mo of treatment,the complete and partial remission rate of the study group was 93.88%,which was significantly higher than the control group(77.55%)(P<0.05).Before treatment,there were no significant differences between the two groups on the perfusion CT variables,including the lesion blood volume,permeability surface,blood flow,hepatic artery flow and mean transit time(P>0.05).After 3 mo of treatment,all perfusion CT variables were lower in the study group compared to the control group(P<0.05).The survival time of patients in the study group was 22 mo compared to 18 mo in the control group,which was significantly different[log rank(Mantel-Cox)=4.318,P=0.038].CONCLUSION TACE combined with radioactive iodine implantation in the treatment of advanced PHC can inhibit the formation of blood vessels in tumor tissue and reduce the perfusion level of tumor lesions,thereby improving the clinical efficacy and prolonging the survival time of patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program,No. 81871461
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH),invasiveness and potential risks in the process of measurement limited its widespread use.AIM To investigate the correlation of computed tomography(CT)perfusion parameters with HVPG in PH,and quantitatively assess the blood supply changes in liver and spleen parenchyma before and after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS).METHODS Twenty-four PH related gastrointestinal bleeding patients were recruited in this study,and all patients were performed perfusion CT before and after TIPS surgery within 2 wk.Quantitative parameters of CT perfusion,including liver blood volume(LBV),liver blood flow(LBF),hepatic arterial fraction(HAF),spleen blood volume(SBV)and spleen blood flow(SBF),were measured and compared before and after TIPS,and the quantitative parameters between clinically significant PH(CSPH)and non-CSPH(NCSPH)group were also compared.Then the correlation of CT perfusion parameters with HVPG were analyzed,with statistical significance as P<0.05.RESULTS For all 24 PH patients after TIPS,CT perfusion parameters demonstrated decreased LBV, increased HAF, SBV and SBF, with no statistical difference in LBF. Compared withNCSPH, CSPH showed higher HAF, with no difference in other CT perfusion parameters. HAFbefore TIPS showed positive correlation with HVPG (r = 0.530, P = 0.008), while no correlation wasfound in other CT perfusion parameters with HVPG and Child-Pugh scores.CONCLUSIONHAF, an index of CT perfusion, was positive correlation with HVPG, and higher in CSPH thanNCSPH before TIPS. While increased HAF, SBF and SBV, and decreased LBV, were found afterTIPS, which accommodates a potential non-invasive imaging tool for evaluation of PH.
基金supported by The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)supported by the Japanese Government (MEXT) Scholarship+18 种基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP18K03656 (M.K.),JP18H03721 (K.N.,K.H.and M.K.),JP19H01943 (K.H.,F.T.and Y.H.) and JP18KK0090 (K.H.and F.T.)supported by the Mitsubishi Foundation (grant number 201911019)supported by an EACOA Fellowship awarded by the East Asia Core Observatories Association,which consists of the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics,the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,the Center for Astronomical Mega-Science,the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institutethe financial support from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea via Global Ph.D.Fellowship Grant 2014H1A2A1018695 and 2015H1A2A1033752,respectivelysupport from the NRF via Grant 2019R1F1A1059721supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,Grant Nos.11590780 and 11590784)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KJCX1-YW-18)the Scientific Program of Shanghai Municipality (08DZ1160100)Key Laboratory for Radio Astronomy,CASsupport from NSFC (Grant No.11803071)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2018YFA0404602)the CAS ‘Light of West China’ Program (Grant No.2018-XBQNXZ-B021)the NSFC (Grant Nos.U2031212 and 61931002)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the CAS (Grant No.2017084)support from Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) FRGS/1/2019/STG02/UM/02/6supported by the Max Planck Partner Group of the MPG and the CASthe support by the Key Program of the NSFC (Grant No.11933007)the Research Program of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences,CAS (Grant No.ZDBS-LY-SLH011)。
文摘The East Asian Very Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI) Network(EAVN) is a rapidly evolving international VLBI array that is currently promoted under joint efforts among China,Japan and Korea.EAVN aims at forming a joint VLBI Network by combining a large number of radio telescopes distributed over East Asian regions.After the combination of the Korean VLBI Network(KVN) and the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry(VERA) into Ka VA,further expansion with the joint array in East Asia is actively promoted.Here we report the first imaging results(at 22 and 43 GHz) of bright radio sources obtained with Ka VA connected to Tianma 65-m and Nanshan 26-m Radio Telescopes in China.To test the EAVN imaging performance for different sources,we observed four active galactic nuclei(AGN) having different brightness and morphology.As a result,we confirmed that the Tianma 65-m Radio Telescope(TMRT) significantly enhances the overall array sensitivity,a factor of 4 improvement in baseline sensitivity and 2 in image dynamic range compared to the case of Ka VA only.The addition of the Nanshan 26-m Radio Telescope(NSRT) further doubled the east-west angular resolution.With the resulting high-dynamic-range,high-resolution images with EAVN(Ka VA+TMRT+NSRT),various fine-scale structures in our targets,such as the counter-jet in M87,a kink-like morphology of the 3 C 273 jet and the weak emission in other sources are successfully detected.This demonstrates the powerful capability of EAVN to study AGN jets and to achieve other science goals in general.Ongoing expansion of EAVN will further enhance the angular resolution,detection sensitivity and frequency coverage of the network.
文摘Objective:Anlotinib hydrochloride is a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,fibroblast growth factor receptor,platelet-derived growth factor receptor,c-Kit,and c-MET;therefore,it exhibits both antitumor and anti-angiogenetic activities.A phase III trial has shown that anlotinib improved progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),who presented with progressive disease or intolerance after standard chemotherapy.This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of patients receiving anlotinib treatment to determine the dominant populations who are fit for the treatment.Methods:Data were collected from March 2015 to January 2017 from a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multicenter,phase III trial of anlotinib(ALTER0303).A total of 437 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated(2:1)to the anlotinib and placebo groups.Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test were performed to compare PFS and OS.Cox proportional hazards model was adopted for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results:Multivariate analysis indicated that high post-therapeutic peripheral blood granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were independent risk factors for PFS.Meanwhile,elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone,blood glucose,and triglyceride levels;hypertension;and hand–foot syndrome were independent protective factors of PFS.High posttherapeutic peripheral blood granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio,an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score≥2,and the sum of the maximal target lesion length at baseline were independent risk factors of OS,and hypertriglyceridemia was an independent protective factor of OS.Conclusions:This study preliminarily explored the possible factors that affected PFS and OS after anlotinib treatment in patients with advanced refractory NSCLC,and the baseline characteristics of the therapeutically dominant populations were then identified.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFC1309100)the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (No. 81771912)the Applied Basic Research Projects of Yunnan Province, China [No. 2015FB071 and No. 2017FE467-084]
文摘Objective： The standard treatment for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer has relied on perioperativeradio-chemotherapy or chemotherapy and surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the wealth of radiomicsfor pre-treatment computed tomography （CT） in the prediction of the pathological response of locally advancedgastric cancer with preoperative chemotherapy.Methods： Thirty consecutive patients with CT-staged Ⅱ/Ⅲ gastric cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapywere enrolled in this study between December 2014 and March 2017. All patients underwent upper abdominal CTduring the unenhanced, late arterial phase （AP） and portal venous phase （PP） before the administration ofneoadjuvant chemotherapy. In total, 19,985 radiomics features were extracted in the AP and PP for each patient.Four methods were adopted during feature selection and eight methods were used in the process of building theclassifier model. Thirty-two combinations of feature selection and classification methods were examined. Receiveroperating characteristic （ROC） curves were used to evaluate the capability of each combination of feature selectionand classification method to predict a non-good response （non-GR） based on tumor regression grade （TRG）.Results： The mean area under the curve （AUC） ranged from 0.194 to 0.621 in the AP, and from 0.455 to 0.722in the PP, according to different combinations of feature selection and the classification methods. There was onlyone cross-combination machine-learning method indicating a relatively higher AUC （〉0.600） in the AP, while 12cross-combination machine-learning methods presented relatively higher AUCs （all 〉0.600） in the PP. The featureselection method adopted by a filter based on linear discriminant analysis ＋ classifier of random forest achieved asignificantly prognostic performance in the PP （AUC, 0.722~0.108; accuracy, 0.793; sensitivity, 0.636; specificity,0.889; Z=2.039; P=0.041）.Conclusions： It is possible to predict non-GR after neoadiuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastriccancers based on the radiomics of CT.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Education Innovation Team Development Program of China,No.IRT16R57
文摘BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Portal vein thrombosis is not uncommon after splenectomy in cirrhotic patients, and many such patients take oral anticoagulants including aspirin. However, the long-term impact of postoperative aspirin on cirrhotic patients after splenectomy remains unknown. AIM The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of postoperative long-term low-dose aspirin administration on the development of HCC and longterm survival of cirrhotic patients after splenectomy. METHODS The clinical data of 264 adult patients with viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis who underwent splenectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2000 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Among these patients, 59 who started taking 100 mg/d aspirin within seven days were enrolled in the aspirin group. The incidence of HCC and overall survival were analyzed.RESULTS During follow-up, 41 (15.53%) patients developed HCC and 37 (14.02%) died due to end-stage liver diseases or other serious complications. Postoperative longterm low-dose aspirin therapy reduced the incidence of HCC from 19.02% to 3.40% after splenectomy (log-rank test, P=0.028). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that not undertaking postoperative long-term low-dose aspirin therapy [odds ratio (OR)=6.211, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.142-27.324, P=0.016] was the only independent risk factor for the development of HCC. Similarly, patients in the aspirin group survived longer than those in the control group (log-rank test, P=0.041). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the only factor that independently associated with improved overall survival was postoperative long-term low-dose aspirin therapy [OR = 0.218, 95%CI: 0.049- 0.960, P=0.044]. CONCLUSION In patients with viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis, long-term post-splenectomy administration of low-dose aspirin reduces the incidence of HCC and improves the long-term overall survival.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770491The Innovation Capacity Support Plan of Shaanxi Province,No.2020TD-040.
文摘BACKGROUND Whether to use a T-tube for biliary anastomosis during orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)remains a debatable question.Some surgeons chose to use a T-tube because they believed that it reduces the incidence of biliary strictures.Advances in surgical techniques during the last decades have significantly decreased the overall incidence of postoperative biliary complications.Whether using a T-tube during OLT is still associated with the reduced incidence of biliary strictures needs to be re-evaluated.AIM To provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on using a T-tube during adult OLT.METHODS In the electronic databases MEDLINE,PubMed,Scopus,ClinicalTrials.gov,the Cochrane Library,the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trails Register,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,we identified 17 studies(eight randomized controlled trials and nine comparative studies)from January 1995 to October 2020.The data of the studies before and after 2010 were separately extracted.We chose the overall biliary complications,bile leaks or fistulas,biliary strictures(anastomotic or non-anastomotic),and cholangitis as outcomes.Odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated to describe the results of the outcomes.Furthermore,the test for overall effect(Z)was used to test the difference between OR and 1,where P≤0.05 indicated a significant difference between OR value and 1.RESULTS A total of 1053 subjects before 2010 and 1346 subjects after 2010 were included in this meta-analysis.The pooled results showed that using a T-tube reduced the incidence of postoperative biliary strictures in studies before 2010(P=0.012,OR=0.62,95%CI:0.42-0.90),while the same benefit was not seen in studies after 2010(P=0.60,OR=0.76,95%CI:0.27-2.12).No significant difference in the incidence of overall biliary complications(P=0.37,OR=1.41,95%CI:0.66-2.98),bile leaks(P=0.89,OR=1.04,95%CI:0.63-1.70),and cholangitis(P=0.27,OR=2.00,95%CI:0.59-6.84)was observed between using and not using a T-tube before 2010.However,using a T-tube appeared to increase the incidence of overall biliary complications(P=0.049,OR=1.49,95%CI:1.00-2.22),bile leaks(P=0.048,OR=1.91,95%CI:1.01-3.64),and cholangitis(P=0.02,OR=7.21,95%CI:1.37-38.00)after 2010.A random-effects model was used in biliary strictures(after 2010),overall biliary complications(before 2010),and cholangitis(before 2010)due to their heterogeneity(I2=62.3%,85.4%,and 53.6%,respectively).In the sensitivity analysis(only RCTs included),bile leak(P=0.66)lost the significance after 2010 and a random-effects model was used in overall biliary complications(before 2010),cholangitis(before 2010),bile leaks(after 2010),and biliary strictures(after 2010)because of their heterogeneity(I2=92.2%,65.6%,50.9%,and 80.3%,respectively).CONCLUSION In conclusion,the evidence gathered in our updated meta-analysis showed that the studies published in the last decade did not provide enough evidence to support the routine use of T-tube in adults during OLT.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30872609,30972153
文摘New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into an ischemia group （occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 60 minutes）, an ischemia-reperfusion group （occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 60 minutes followed by 48 hours of reperfusion） and a sham-surgery group. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detected 49 differentially expressed proteins in spinal cord tissue from the ischemia and ischemia/ reperfusion groups and 23 of them were identified by mass spectrometry. In the ischemia group, the expression of eight proteins was up regulated, and that of the remaining four proteins was down regulated. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, the expression of four proteins was up regulated, and that of two proteins was down regulated. In the sham-surgery group, only one protein was detected. In the ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion groups, four proteins overlapped between groups with the same differential expression, including three that were up regulated and one down regulated. These proteins were related to energy metabolism, cell defense, inflammatory mechanism and cell signaling.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program,No.81871461.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH).However,its use can be limited because it is an invasive procedure.Therefore,it is necessary to explore a non-invasive method to assess PH.AIM To investigate the correlation of computed tomography(CT)perfusion of the liver with HVPG and Child-Pugh score in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related PH.METHODS Twenty-eight patients(4 female,24 male)with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding induced by HBV-related PH were recruited in our study.All patients received CT perfusion of the liver before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt(TIPS)therapy.Quantitative parameters of CT perfusion of the liver,including liver blood flow(LBF),liver blood volume(LBV),hepatic artery fraction,splenic blood flow and splenic blood volume were measured.HVPG was recorded during TIPS therapy.Correlation of liver perfusion with Child-Pugh score and HVPG were analyzed,and the receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed.Based on HVPG(>12 mmHg vs≤12 mmHg),patients were divided into moderate and severe groups,and all parameters were compared.RESULTS Based on HVPG,18 patients were classified into the moderate group and 10 patients were classified into the severe group.The Child-Pugh score,HVPG,LBF and LBV were significantly higher in the moderate group compared to the severe group(all P<0.05).LBF and LBV were negatively associated with HVPG(r=-0.473,P<0.05 and r=-0.503,P<0.01,respectively),whereas splenic blood flow was positively associated with hepatic artery fraction(r=0.434,P<0.05).LBV was negatively correlated with Child-Pugh score.Child-Pugh score was not related to HVPG.Using a cutoff value of 17.85 mL/min/100 g for LBV,the sensitivity and specificity of HVPG≥12 mmHg for diagnosis were 80%and 89%,respectively.CONCLUSION LBV and LBF were negatively correlated with HVPG and Child-Pugh scores.CT perfusion imaging is a potential non-invasive quantitative predictor for PH in HBV-related liver cirrhosis.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.11873063 and 11373043)supported by the Operation,Maintenance and Upgrading Fund for Astronomical Telescopes and Facility Instruments,budgeted from the Ministry of Finance of China(MOF)and administrated by CASsupported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23020300)。
文摘The Large Optical/infrared Telescope(LOT)is a ground-based 12 m diameter telescope which is proposed to be built in western China.The site selection for LOT in China began in 2016,and Ali was listed as one of the three candidate sites.Remote studies and local surveys have been carried out for more than 15 years in western China,and the results show that Ali is a promising site with comprehensive quality in terms of atmospheric and supporting conditions.An overview of the site testing campaign at the Ali site from 2016 to 2019 is presented.After the two years of data collection,the overall median seeing value is found to be 1.17 arcsec,the observable nights are 81.71%and the good observable nights are 71.76%.The weather conditions as follows,the median night temperature value is-5.18℃,the median night relative humidity value is 41.25%,the median night atmospheric pressure value is 540.92 hPa,the median night wind speed value is 7.41 m s-1 and the mainly wind direction is southwestern(SW).The median night sky background value is 22.07 magV.We also discuss the wind speed at different locations on-site,the possibility of light pollution and the effect of wind speed on differential image motion monitor(DIMM)seeing measurements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30972153
文摘Following central nervous system injury, axonal sprouts form distal to the injury site and extend into the denervated area, reconstructing neural circuits through neural plasticity. How to facilitate this plasticity has become the key to the success of central nervous system repair. It remains controversial whether fine motor skill training contributes to the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury. Therefore, we established a rat model of unilateral corticospinal tract injury using a pyramidal tract cutting method. Horizontal ladder crawling and food ball grasping training procedures were conducted 2 weeks before injury and 3 days after injury. The neurological function of rat forelimbs was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks after injury. Axon growth was observed with biotinylated dextran amine anterograde tracing in the healthy corticospinal tract of the denervated area at different time periods. Our results demonstrate that compared with untrained rats, functional recovery was better in the forelimbs and forepaws of trained rats. The number of axons and the expression of growth associated protein 43 were increased at the injury site 3 weeks after corticospinal tract injury. These findings confirm that fine motor skill training promotes central nervous system plasticity in spinal cord injury rats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 6110002。
文摘Efcient cache management plays a vital role in in-memory dataparallel systems,such as Spark,Tez,Storm and HANA.Recent research,notably research on the Least Reference Count(LRC)and Most Reference Distance(MRD)policies,has shown that dependency-aware caching management practices that consider the application’s directed acyclic graph(DAG)perform well in Spark.However,these practices ignore the further relationship between RDDs and cached some redundant RDDs with the same child RDDs,which degrades the memory performance.Hence,in memory-constrained situations,systems may encounter a performance bottleneck due to frequent data block replacement.In addition,the prefetch mechanisms in some cache management policies,such as MRD,are hard to trigger.In this paper,we propose a new cache management method called RDE(Redundant Data Eviction)that can fully utilize applications’DAG information to optimize the management result.By considering both RDDs’dependencies and the reference sequence,we effectively evict RDDs with redundant features and perfect the memory for incoming data blocks.Experiments show that RDE improves performance by an average of 55%compared to LRU and by up to 48%and 20%compared to LRC and MRD,respectively.RDE also shows less sensitivity to memory bottlenecks,which means better availability in memory-constrained environments.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11403080, 11590780 and 11590783)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KJCX1-YW-18)+1 种基金the Scientific Program of Shanghai Municipality (No. 08DZ1160100)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2017315)
文摘A Q-band two-beam cryogenic receiver for the Tianma Radio Telescope（TMRT）has been developed,and it uses the independently-developed key microwave and millimeter-wave components operating from 35 to 50 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 35%.The Q-band receiver consists of three parts：optics,cold unit assembly and warm unit assembly,and it can receive simultaneously the lefthanded and right-handed circularly polarized waves.The cold unit assembly of each beam is composed of a feed horn,a noise injection coupler,a differential phase shifter,an orthomode transducer and two low-noise amplifiers,and it works at a temperature range near 20 K to greatly improve the detection sensitivity of the receiving system.The warm unit assembly includes four radio-frequency amplifiers,four radio-frequency high-pass filters,four waveguide biased mixers,four 4–12 GHz intermediate-frequency amplifiers and one 31–38 GHz frequency synthesizer.The measured Q-band four-channel receiver noise temperatures are roughly 30–40 K.In addition,the single-dish spectral line and international very long baseline interferometry（VLBI）observations between the TMRT and East Asia VLBI Network at the Q-band have been successfully carried out,demonstrating the advantages of the TMRT equipped with the state-of-the-art Q-band receiver.
文摘The pattern of disharmony between the liver and stomach is widely observed in patients with digestive diseases,such as gastroesophageal reflux disease,chronic gastritis,and functional dyspepsia,etc.In order to gain a full and systematic understanding of this pattern,we reviewed the functions and physiological characteristics of the liver and stomach and the liver-stomach relationship.In this review,we discuss the pathogenesis and identification of the pattern,as well as the commonly used classical formulas for its treatment,including Left Metal Pill (Zuojin Wan) and Bupleurum Liver-Soothing Powder (Chaihu Shugan San).Besides,we provide two examples of clinical modifications of these formulas in the treatment of chronic gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease in this article.It should be noted that in clinical practice,these formulas should be used flexibly,and modified in accordance to the specific condition of the patient.
