Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) typically has a sudden or progressive onset of severe visual loss and an ominous association with an occult malignancy which contains breast cancer. Pathologically, CAR is the degen...Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) typically has a sudden or progressive onset of severe visual loss and an ominous association with an occult malignancy which contains breast cancer. Pathologically, CAR is the degeneration of photoreceptors. But the precise mechanism has not been fully established, CAR may result from autoimmune mediated apoptosis. And in recent years, there also have been some results demonstrating that tumor derived angiogenic factors such as VEGF may also confer the development of CAR, which may offer novel avenues for the therapeutic intervention in CAR. Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is critical for vision preservation. Future developments in rapid identification and longitudinal quantification of antibody levels would enable individualized management in these patients. The goal of this review was to analyze the epidemiology, the clinical features, the diagnosis and management of retinopathy in the context of recent advances in the elucidation of breast cancer-associated retinopathy (BCAR) pathogenesis.展开更多
Pregnancy-associated breast cancer （PABC） is defined as breast cancer occurring anytime during gestation, lactation, or within 1 year after delivery. The incidence is between 1 in 3000 and 1 in 10,000 pregnancies an...Pregnancy-associated breast cancer （PABC） is defined as breast cancer occurring anytime during gestation, lactation, or within 1 year after delivery. The incidence is between 1 in 3000 and 1 in 10,000 pregnancies and comprises about 0.2% to 3.8% of all breast cancers diagnosed in women under the age of 50 years. As women tend to delay childbearing into their third and fourth decades, the incidence of PABC is expected to increase. Here we reported two PABC patients with similar clinic and pathologic characters received chemotherapy before or after termination of pregnancy respectively, and found that the former got pathologic complete response. Based on the phenomena and the fact that endocrine hormones may have chemosensiUzation role in cancer chemotherapy, which is called hormonosensitizing chemotherapy （HSCT）, endocrinosensitizing chemotherapy （ESCT） or neoendocrinochemotherapy （NECT）, suggestion is proposed that chemotherapy should be taken before or immediately after termination for PABC, especially for the patients who prefer to artificial abortion, which may possibly acquire improved chemotherapeutic effect.展开更多
Lipid-coated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets(lp-NDs)hold great promise in bio-medicine as vehicles for drug delivery,molecular imaging and vaccine agents.However,their clinical utility is restricted by limited targeted a...Lipid-coated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets(lp-NDs)hold great promise in bio-medicine as vehicles for drug delivery,molecular imaging and vaccine agents.However,their clinical utility is restricted by limited targeted accumulation,attributed to the innate immune system(IIS),which acts as the initial defense mechanism in humans.This study aimed to optimize lp-ND formulations to mini-mize non-specific clearance by the IIS.Ginsenosides(Gs),the principal components of Panax ginseng,possessing complement inhibition ability,structural similarity to cholesterol,and comparable fat solubi-lity to phospholipids,were used as promising candidate IIS inhibitors.Two different types of ginsenoside-based Ip-NDs(Gs Ip-NDs)were created,and their efficacy in reducing IS recognition was examined.The Gs p-NDs were observed to inhibit the adsorption of C3 in the protein corona(PC)and the generation of SC5b-9.Adding Gs to Ip-NDs reduced complement adsorption and phagocytosis,resulting in a longer blood circulation time in vivo compared to lp-NDs that did not contain Gs.These results suggest that Gs can act as anti-complement and anti-phagocytosis adjuvants,potentially reducing non-specific clear-ance by the IS and improving lifespan.展开更多
Since smartphones embedded with positioning systems and digital maps are widely used,location-based services(LBSs)are rapidly growing in popularity and providing unprecedented convenience in people’s daily lives;howe...Since smartphones embedded with positioning systems and digital maps are widely used,location-based services(LBSs)are rapidly growing in popularity and providing unprecedented convenience in people’s daily lives;however,they also cause great concern about privacy leakage.In particular,location queries can be used to infer users’sensitive private information,such as home addresses,places of work and appointment locations.Hence,many schemes providing query anonymity have been proposed,but they typically ignore the fact that an adversary can infer real locations from the correlations between consecutive locations in a continuous LBS.To address this challenge,a novel dual privacy-preserving scheme(DPPS)is proposed that includes two privacy protection mechanisms.First,to prevent privacy disclosure caused by correlations between locations,a correlation model is proposed based on a hidden Markov model(HMM)to simulate users’mobility and the adversary’s prediction probability.Second,to provide query probability anonymity of each single location,an advanced k-anonymity algorithm is proposed to construct cloaking regions,in which realistic and indistinguishable dummy locations are generated.To validate the effectiveness and efficiency of DPPS,theoretical analysis and experimental verification are further performed on a real-life dataset published by Microsoft,i.e.,GeoLife dataset.展开更多
Dear Editor,As a member of the Kobuvirus genus in the Picornaviridae family,porcine kobuvirus is prevalent worldwide in pigs with or without diarrhea.Picornaviruses are classified into 12 genera(Aphthovirus,Cardioviru...Dear Editor,As a member of the Kobuvirus genus in the Picornaviridae family,porcine kobuvirus is prevalent worldwide in pigs with or without diarrhea.Picornaviruses are classified into 12 genera(Aphthovirus,Cardiovirus,Enterovirus,Hepatovirus,Kobuvirus,Parechovirus,Sapelovirus,Avihepatovirus,Erbovirus,Senecavirus,展开更多
How to utilize inexhaustible solar light as a means of disinfection technology for its cheap and green remains a challenge.In this work,core-shell ZnO@ZIF-8 was synthesized and used for bacterial inactivation synergiz...How to utilize inexhaustible solar light as a means of disinfection technology for its cheap and green remains a challenge.In this work,core-shell ZnO@ZIF-8 was synthesized and used for bacterial inactivation synergizing with peroxymonosulfate(PMS)under visible light irradiation.It took 50 min to achieve thorough sterilization for 7.5-log Escherichia coli(E.coli)cells in vis/PMS/ZnO@ZIF-8 system,compared with that 4.5-log reduction completed in vis/PMS/ZnO system under the same conditions.The enhanced photocatalytic disinfection mechanisms of fabricated ZnO@ZIF-8 were investigated by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra,electrochemical impedance spectra and Mott-Schottky plots.The promoted bactericidal efficiency was attributed to higher charge-separation efficiency and stronger oxidation ability of photo-generated holes.Moreover,it was found that^(1)O_(2)and·OH induced bacterial cell lesion process,and the former was the main active species.The external reactive oxygen species(ROS)caused a series of cell wall damage,intercellular ROS up-regulation and genome DNA unwinding,finally resulted in irreversible bacterial death.A two-route mechanism in vis/PMS/ZnO@ZIF-8 system was proposed,in which the generation of^(1)O_(2)was supposed as the product of the oxygen oxidation of photo-generated holes and PMS dissociation.Our work is expected to provide advanced information about a low-cost water disinfection technology of visible light photocatalysis.展开更多
The increasing incidence of osteoarthritis(OA) seriously affects life quality,posing a huge socioeco nomic burden.Tissue engineering technology has become a hot topic in articular cartilage repair as one of the key tr...The increasing incidence of osteoarthritis(OA) seriously affects life quality,posing a huge socioeco nomic burden.Tissue engineering technology has become a hot topic in articular cartilage repair as one of the key treatment methods to alleviate OA.Hydrogel,one of the most commonly used scaffold materials,ca n provide a good extracellular matrix microenvironment fo r seed cells such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),which can promote cartilage regeneration.However,the low homing rate of stem cells severely limits their role in promoting articular cartilage regeneration.Stro mal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α) plays a crucial role in the activatio n,mobilization,homing,and migration of MSCs.He rein,a novel injectable chemotaxis hydrogel,composed of chitosan-based injectable hydrogel and embedding SDF-1α-loaded nanodroplets(PFP@NDs-PEG-SDF-1α) was designed and fabricated.The ultrasound was then used to augment the injectable chemotaxis hydrogel and promote the homing migration of BMSCs for OA cartilage repair.The effect of ultrasound augmenting injectable PFP@NDs-PEG-SDF-1α/hydrogel on the migration of BMSCs was verified in vitro and in vivo,which re markably promotes stem cell homing and the repair of cartilage in the OA model.Therefore,the treatment strategy of ultrasound augmenting injectable chemotaxis hydrogel has a bright potential for OA articular cartilage repair.展开更多
文摘Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) typically has a sudden or progressive onset of severe visual loss and an ominous association with an occult malignancy which contains breast cancer. Pathologically, CAR is the degeneration of photoreceptors. But the precise mechanism has not been fully established, CAR may result from autoimmune mediated apoptosis. And in recent years, there also have been some results demonstrating that tumor derived angiogenic factors such as VEGF may also confer the development of CAR, which may offer novel avenues for the therapeutic intervention in CAR. Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is critical for vision preservation. Future developments in rapid identification and longitudinal quantification of antibody levels would enable individualized management in these patients. The goal of this review was to analyze the epidemiology, the clinical features, the diagnosis and management of retinopathy in the context of recent advances in the elucidation of breast cancer-associated retinopathy (BCAR) pathogenesis.
文摘Pregnancy-associated breast cancer （PABC） is defined as breast cancer occurring anytime during gestation, lactation, or within 1 year after delivery. The incidence is between 1 in 3000 and 1 in 10,000 pregnancies and comprises about 0.2% to 3.8% of all breast cancers diagnosed in women under the age of 50 years. As women tend to delay childbearing into their third and fourth decades, the incidence of PABC is expected to increase. Here we reported two PABC patients with similar clinic and pathologic characters received chemotherapy before or after termination of pregnancy respectively, and found that the former got pathologic complete response. Based on the phenomena and the fact that endocrine hormones may have chemosensiUzation role in cancer chemotherapy, which is called hormonosensitizing chemotherapy （HSCT）, endocrinosensitizing chemotherapy （ESCT） or neoendocrinochemotherapy （NECT）, suggestion is proposed that chemotherapy should be taken before or immediately after termination for PABC, especially for the patients who prefer to artificial abortion, which may possibly acquire improved chemotherapeutic effect.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China(82302199)the National Science Foundation of China(82371977,82071940)the Medical Research Project of Chengdu Municipal Health Commission(2021017,2022338,China).
文摘Lipid-coated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets(lp-NDs)hold great promise in bio-medicine as vehicles for drug delivery,molecular imaging and vaccine agents.However,their clinical utility is restricted by limited targeted accumulation,attributed to the innate immune system(IIS),which acts as the initial defense mechanism in humans.This study aimed to optimize lp-ND formulations to mini-mize non-specific clearance by the IIS.Ginsenosides(Gs),the principal components of Panax ginseng,possessing complement inhibition ability,structural similarity to cholesterol,and comparable fat solubi-lity to phospholipids,were used as promising candidate IIS inhibitors.Two different types of ginsenoside-based Ip-NDs(Gs Ip-NDs)were created,and their efficacy in reducing IS recognition was examined.The Gs p-NDs were observed to inhibit the adsorption of C3 in the protein corona(PC)and the generation of SC5b-9.Adding Gs to Ip-NDs reduced complement adsorption and phagocytosis,resulting in a longer blood circulation time in vivo compared to lp-NDs that did not contain Gs.These results suggest that Gs can act as anti-complement and anti-phagocytosis adjuvants,potentially reducing non-specific clear-ance by the IS and improving lifespan.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62172350)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.21621028)the Innovation Project of GUET Graduate Education(No.2022YCXS083).
文摘Since smartphones embedded with positioning systems and digital maps are widely used,location-based services(LBSs)are rapidly growing in popularity and providing unprecedented convenience in people’s daily lives;however,they also cause great concern about privacy leakage.In particular,location queries can be used to infer users’sensitive private information,such as home addresses,places of work and appointment locations.Hence,many schemes providing query anonymity have been proposed,but they typically ignore the fact that an adversary can infer real locations from the correlations between consecutive locations in a continuous LBS.To address this challenge,a novel dual privacy-preserving scheme(DPPS)is proposed that includes two privacy protection mechanisms.First,to prevent privacy disclosure caused by correlations between locations,a correlation model is proposed based on a hidden Markov model(HMM)to simulate users’mobility and the adversary’s prediction probability.Second,to provide query probability anonymity of each single location,an advanced k-anonymity algorithm is proposed to construct cloaking regions,in which realistic and indistinguishable dummy locations are generated.To validate the effectiveness and efficiency of DPPS,theoretical analysis and experimental verification are further performed on a real-life dataset published by Microsoft,i.e.,GeoLife dataset.
基金supported by New Century Excellent Talents at the University of Ministry of Education of China(Project No:NCET-11-1059)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology(Project No.2014DFA31260)All the specimens were reviewed and approved by the Institute of Animal Health Animal Care and Use Committee at Sichuan Agricultural University(approval num-ber:SYXK2014-187)
文摘Dear Editor,As a member of the Kobuvirus genus in the Picornaviridae family,porcine kobuvirus is prevalent worldwide in pigs with or without diarrhea.Picornaviruses are classified into 12 genera(Aphthovirus,Cardiovirus,Enterovirus,Hepatovirus,Kobuvirus,Parechovirus,Sapelovirus,Avihepatovirus,Erbovirus,Senecavirus,
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52070133)Sichuan Science and Technology Program:Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2019YFG0314,2017SZ0180,2019YFG0324)。
文摘How to utilize inexhaustible solar light as a means of disinfection technology for its cheap and green remains a challenge.In this work,core-shell ZnO@ZIF-8 was synthesized and used for bacterial inactivation synergizing with peroxymonosulfate(PMS)under visible light irradiation.It took 50 min to achieve thorough sterilization for 7.5-log Escherichia coli(E.coli)cells in vis/PMS/ZnO@ZIF-8 system,compared with that 4.5-log reduction completed in vis/PMS/ZnO system under the same conditions.The enhanced photocatalytic disinfection mechanisms of fabricated ZnO@ZIF-8 were investigated by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra,electrochemical impedance spectra and Mott-Schottky plots.The promoted bactericidal efficiency was attributed to higher charge-separation efficiency and stronger oxidation ability of photo-generated holes.Moreover,it was found that^(1)O_(2)and·OH induced bacterial cell lesion process,and the former was the main active species.The external reactive oxygen species(ROS)caused a series of cell wall damage,intercellular ROS up-regulation and genome DNA unwinding,finally resulted in irreversible bacterial death.A two-route mechanism in vis/PMS/ZnO@ZIF-8 system was proposed,in which the generation of^(1)O_(2)was supposed as the product of the oxygen oxidation of photo-generated holes and PMS dissociation.Our work is expected to provide advanced information about a low-cost water disinfection technology of visible light photocatalysis.
基金This work was financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81971622,81671696,82071938,and 51703141)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2019YFS0219,2020YFH0087,and 2020YJ0055)the Post-Doctor Research Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.2018HXBH077).
文摘The increasing incidence of osteoarthritis(OA) seriously affects life quality,posing a huge socioeco nomic burden.Tissue engineering technology has become a hot topic in articular cartilage repair as one of the key treatment methods to alleviate OA.Hydrogel,one of the most commonly used scaffold materials,ca n provide a good extracellular matrix microenvironment fo r seed cells such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),which can promote cartilage regeneration.However,the low homing rate of stem cells severely limits their role in promoting articular cartilage regeneration.Stro mal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α) plays a crucial role in the activatio n,mobilization,homing,and migration of MSCs.He rein,a novel injectable chemotaxis hydrogel,composed of chitosan-based injectable hydrogel and embedding SDF-1α-loaded nanodroplets(PFP@NDs-PEG-SDF-1α) was designed and fabricated.The ultrasound was then used to augment the injectable chemotaxis hydrogel and promote the homing migration of BMSCs for OA cartilage repair.The effect of ultrasound augmenting injectable PFP@NDs-PEG-SDF-1α/hydrogel on the migration of BMSCs was verified in vitro and in vivo,which re markably promotes stem cell homing and the repair of cartilage in the OA model.Therefore,the treatment strategy of ultrasound augmenting injectable chemotaxis hydrogel has a bright potential for OA articular cartilage repair.
