Background Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage,but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking.A longitudinal stud...Background Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage,but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking.A longitudinal study was conducted to determine how the feeding strategy from the stocker to the finishing stages of production affects the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota.During the stocker phase,either dry hay or wheat pasture were provided,and three levels of monensin were administrated.All calves were then transported to a feedlot and received similar finishing diets with or without monensin.Rumen microbial samples were collected on d 0,28,85 during the stocker stage(S0,S28 and S85)and d 0,14,28,56,30 d before slaughter and the end of the trial during the finishing stage(F0,F14,F28,F56,Pre-Ba,and Final).The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of 263 rumen samples was sequenced.Results Higher alpha diversity,including the number of observed bacterial features and the Shannon index,was observed in the stocker phase compared to the finishing phase.The bacterial amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)differentiating different sampling time points were identified.Dietary treatments during the stocker stage temporally impact the dynamics of rumen microbiota.For example,shared bacteria,including Bacteroidales(ASV19)and Streptococcus infantarius(ASV94),were significantly higher in hay rumen on S28,S85,and F0,while Bacteroidaceae(ASV11)and Limivicinus(ASV15)were more abundant in wheat.Monensin affected rumen microbial composition at a specific time.Transportation to feedlot significantly influenced microbiome structure and diversity in hay-fed calves.Bacterial taxa associated with body weight were classified,and core microbiotas interacted with each other during the trial.Conclusions In summary,the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in cattle at the stocker and finishing stage are influenced by multiple factors of the feeding strategy.Diet at the stocker phase may temporarily affect the microbial composition during this stage.Modulating the rumen microbiome in the steers at the stocker stage affects the microbial interactions and performance in the finishing stage.展开更多
Background:Necroptosis and pyroptosis are newly identified forms of programmed cell death,which play a vital role in development of many gastrointestinal disorders.Although plant polyphenols have been reported to prot...Background:Necroptosis and pyroptosis are newly identified forms of programmed cell death,which play a vital role in development of many gastrointestinal disorders.Although plant polyphenols have been reported to protect intestinal health,it is still unclear whether there is a beneficial role of plant polyphenols in modulating necroptosis and pyroptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line(IPEC-1)infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)K88.This research was conducted to explore whether plant polyphenols including protocatechuic acid(PCA)and quercetin(Que),attenuated inflammation and injury of IPEC-1 caused by ETEC K88 through regulating necroptosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways.Methods:IPEC-1 cells were treated with PCA(40μmol/L)or Que(10μmol/L)in the presence or absence of ETEC K88.Results:PCA and Que decreased ETEC K88 adhesion and endotoxin level(P<0.05)in cell supernatant.PCA and Que increased cell number(P<0.001)and decreased lactate dehydrogenases(LDH)activity(P<0.05)in cell supernatant after ETEC infection.PCA and Que improved transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)(P<0.001)and reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran(FD4)flux(P<0.001),and enhanced membrane protein abundance of occludin,claudin-1 and ZO-1(P<0.05),and rescued distribution of these tight junction proteins(P<0.05)after ETEC infection.PCA and Que also declined cell necrosis ratio(P<0.05).PCA and Que reduced mRNA abundance and concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8(P<0.001),and down-regulated gene expression of toll-like receptors 4(TLR4)and its downstream signals(P<0.001)after ETEC infection.PCA and Que down-regulated protein abundance of total receptor interacting protein kinase 1(t-RIP1),phosphorylated-RIP1(p-RIP1),p-RIP1/t-RIP1,t-RIP3,p-RIP3,mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL),p-MLKL,dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1),phosphoglycerate mutase 5(PGAM5)and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)(P<0.05)after ETEC infection.Moreover,PCA and Que reduced protein abundance of nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),nod-like receptors family CARD domain-containing protein 4(NLRC4),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),gasdermin D(GSDMD)and caspase-1(P<0.05)after ETEC infection.Conclusions:In general,our data suggest that PCA and Que are capable of attenuating ETEC-caused intestinal inflammation and damage via inhibiting necroptosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways.展开更多
Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor c...Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely unknown.Results:In this study,we collected feces from six donors with heavy(H)or light(L)body weight and different ages(d 42,nursery;d 96,growing;and d 170,finisher)to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient pigs.Generally,recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning(21±2 days of age)inherited the donor’s growth pattern,while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor BW.FMT from heavier donors(NH,GH,and FH)led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts(NL,GL,and FL,respectively)throughout the growing and most finishing stages.This benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASV25 Faecalibacterium,ASV61 Faecalibacterium,ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified,ASV144 Bulleidia,and ASV129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASV13 Escherichia during nursery stage.Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery stage.FMT of older donors’gut microbiota expedited recipients’microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49,indicated by increased estimated microbiota ages.The ageassociated bacterial taxa included ASV206 Ruminococcaceae,ASV211 Butyrivibrio,ASV416 Bacteroides,ASV2 Streptococcus,and ASV291 Veillonellaceae.The body weight differences between GL and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid,lysine and methionine,mixed acid fermentation,expedited glycolysis,and sucrose/galactose degradation.Conclusions:Overall,our study provided insights into how donor age and body weight affect FMT outcomes regarding growth performance,microbiota community shifts,and lower GI tract metabolic potentials.This study also provided guidance to select qualified donors for future fecal microbiota transplantation.展开更多
Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fer...Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fertility.To this end,we followed heifers through gestation to examine the dynamics of vaginal and fecal microbial composition throughout pregnancy.Results:Heifers were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol,observed over a 12-day period,artificially inseminated 12 h to 18 h after observed estrus,and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 50-day breeding season.Vaginal samples were taken at pre-breeding(n=72),during the first(n=72),and second trimester(n=72)for all individuals,and third trimester for individuals with confirmed pregnancies(n=56).Fecal samples were taken at prebreeding(n=32)and during the first trimester(n=32),including bred and open individuals.Next generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene via the Illumina Mi Seq platform was applied to all samples.Shannon indices and the number of observed bacterial features were the same in fecal samples.However,significant differences in vaginal microbiome diversity between gestation stages were observed.No differences in beta-diversity were detected in vaginal or fecal samples regarding pregnancy status,but such differences were seen with fecal microbiome over time.Random Forest was developed to identify predictors of pregnancy status in vaginal(e.g.,Histophilus,Clostridiaceae,Campylobacter)and fecal(e.g.,Bacteroidales,Dorea)samples.Conclusions:Our study shows that bovine vaginal and fecal microbiome could be used as biomarkers of bovine reproduction.Further experiments are needed to validate these biomarkers and to examine their roles in a female’s ability to establish pregnancy.展开更多
基金the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station,Hatch Project No.AR002234,National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170430)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding(2019B030301010)Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes(2019KSYS011).
文摘Background Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage,but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking.A longitudinal study was conducted to determine how the feeding strategy from the stocker to the finishing stages of production affects the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota.During the stocker phase,either dry hay or wheat pasture were provided,and three levels of monensin were administrated.All calves were then transported to a feedlot and received similar finishing diets with or without monensin.Rumen microbial samples were collected on d 0,28,85 during the stocker stage(S0,S28 and S85)and d 0,14,28,56,30 d before slaughter and the end of the trial during the finishing stage(F0,F14,F28,F56,Pre-Ba,and Final).The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of 263 rumen samples was sequenced.Results Higher alpha diversity,including the number of observed bacterial features and the Shannon index,was observed in the stocker phase compared to the finishing phase.The bacterial amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)differentiating different sampling time points were identified.Dietary treatments during the stocker stage temporally impact the dynamics of rumen microbiota.For example,shared bacteria,including Bacteroidales(ASV19)and Streptococcus infantarius(ASV94),were significantly higher in hay rumen on S28,S85,and F0,while Bacteroidaceae(ASV11)and Limivicinus(ASV15)were more abundant in wheat.Monensin affected rumen microbial composition at a specific time.Transportation to feedlot significantly influenced microbiome structure and diversity in hay-fed calves.Bacterial taxa associated with body weight were classified,and core microbiotas interacted with each other during the trial.Conclusions In summary,the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in cattle at the stocker and finishing stage are influenced by multiple factors of the feeding strategy.Diet at the stocker phase may temporarily affect the microbial composition during this stage.Modulating the rumen microbiome in the steers at the stocker stage affects the microbial interactions and performance in the finishing stage.
基金provided by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1300403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20517,32272906,and 31802070)Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(No.2022020801010391)。
文摘Background:Necroptosis and pyroptosis are newly identified forms of programmed cell death,which play a vital role in development of many gastrointestinal disorders.Although plant polyphenols have been reported to protect intestinal health,it is still unclear whether there is a beneficial role of plant polyphenols in modulating necroptosis and pyroptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line(IPEC-1)infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)K88.This research was conducted to explore whether plant polyphenols including protocatechuic acid(PCA)and quercetin(Que),attenuated inflammation and injury of IPEC-1 caused by ETEC K88 through regulating necroptosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways.Methods:IPEC-1 cells were treated with PCA(40μmol/L)or Que(10μmol/L)in the presence or absence of ETEC K88.Results:PCA and Que decreased ETEC K88 adhesion and endotoxin level(P<0.05)in cell supernatant.PCA and Que increased cell number(P<0.001)and decreased lactate dehydrogenases(LDH)activity(P<0.05)in cell supernatant after ETEC infection.PCA and Que improved transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)(P<0.001)and reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran(FD4)flux(P<0.001),and enhanced membrane protein abundance of occludin,claudin-1 and ZO-1(P<0.05),and rescued distribution of these tight junction proteins(P<0.05)after ETEC infection.PCA and Que also declined cell necrosis ratio(P<0.05).PCA and Que reduced mRNA abundance and concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8(P<0.001),and down-regulated gene expression of toll-like receptors 4(TLR4)and its downstream signals(P<0.001)after ETEC infection.PCA and Que down-regulated protein abundance of total receptor interacting protein kinase 1(t-RIP1),phosphorylated-RIP1(p-RIP1),p-RIP1/t-RIP1,t-RIP3,p-RIP3,mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL),p-MLKL,dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1),phosphoglycerate mutase 5(PGAM5)and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)(P<0.05)after ETEC infection.Moreover,PCA and Que reduced protein abundance of nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),nod-like receptors family CARD domain-containing protein 4(NLRC4),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),gasdermin D(GSDMD)and caspase-1(P<0.05)after ETEC infection.Conclusions:In general,our data suggest that PCA and Que are capable of attenuating ETEC-caused intestinal inflammation and damage via inhibiting necroptosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways.
基金partially supported by a USDA NIFA grant(2018-67015-27479)Walmart Foundation(Project#61626817).
文摘Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely unknown.Results:In this study,we collected feces from six donors with heavy(H)or light(L)body weight and different ages(d 42,nursery;d 96,growing;and d 170,finisher)to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient pigs.Generally,recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning(21±2 days of age)inherited the donor’s growth pattern,while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor BW.FMT from heavier donors(NH,GH,and FH)led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts(NL,GL,and FL,respectively)throughout the growing and most finishing stages.This benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASV25 Faecalibacterium,ASV61 Faecalibacterium,ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified,ASV144 Bulleidia,and ASV129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASV13 Escherichia during nursery stage.Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery stage.FMT of older donors’gut microbiota expedited recipients’microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49,indicated by increased estimated microbiota ages.The ageassociated bacterial taxa included ASV206 Ruminococcaceae,ASV211 Butyrivibrio,ASV416 Bacteroides,ASV2 Streptococcus,and ASV291 Veillonellaceae.The body weight differences between GL and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid,lysine and methionine,mixed acid fermentation,expedited glycolysis,and sucrose/galactose degradation.Conclusions:Overall,our study provided insights into how donor age and body weight affect FMT outcomes regarding growth performance,microbiota community shifts,and lower GI tract metabolic potentials.This study also provided guidance to select qualified donors for future fecal microbiota transplantation.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)Scholarship.
文摘Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fertility.To this end,we followed heifers through gestation to examine the dynamics of vaginal and fecal microbial composition throughout pregnancy.Results:Heifers were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol,observed over a 12-day period,artificially inseminated 12 h to 18 h after observed estrus,and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 50-day breeding season.Vaginal samples were taken at pre-breeding(n=72),during the first(n=72),and second trimester(n=72)for all individuals,and third trimester for individuals with confirmed pregnancies(n=56).Fecal samples were taken at prebreeding(n=32)and during the first trimester(n=32),including bred and open individuals.Next generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene via the Illumina Mi Seq platform was applied to all samples.Shannon indices and the number of observed bacterial features were the same in fecal samples.However,significant differences in vaginal microbiome diversity between gestation stages were observed.No differences in beta-diversity were detected in vaginal or fecal samples regarding pregnancy status,but such differences were seen with fecal microbiome over time.Random Forest was developed to identify predictors of pregnancy status in vaginal(e.g.,Histophilus,Clostridiaceae,Campylobacter)and fecal(e.g.,Bacteroidales,Dorea)samples.Conclusions:Our study shows that bovine vaginal and fecal microbiome could be used as biomarkers of bovine reproduction.Further experiments are needed to validate these biomarkers and to examine their roles in a female’s ability to establish pregnancy.
