Many domains, including communication, signal processing, and image processing, use the Fourier Transform as a mathematical tool for signal analysis. Although it can analyze signals with steady and transitory properti...Many domains, including communication, signal processing, and image processing, use the Fourier Transform as a mathematical tool for signal analysis. Although it can analyze signals with steady and transitory properties, it has limits. The Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) is a novel technique that we suggest in this study as a way to improve the Fourier Transform and get beyond these drawbacks. In this experiment, we specifically considered the utilization of Daubechies level 4 for the wavelet transformation. The choice of Daubechies level 4 was motivated by several reasons. Daubechies wavelets are known for their compact support, orthogonality, and good time-frequency localization. By choosing Daubechies level 4, we aimed to strike a balance between preserving important transient information and avoiding excessive noise or oversmoothing in the transformed signal. Then we compared the outcomes of our suggested approach to the conventional Fourier Transform using a non-stationary signal. The findings demonstrated that the suggested method offered a more accurate representation of non-stationary and transient signals in the frequency domain. Our method precisely showed a 12% reduction in MSE and a 3% rise in PSNR for the standard Fourier transform, as well as a 35% decrease in MSE and an 8% increase in PSNR for voice signals when compared to the traditional wavelet packet decomposition method.展开更多
The process of lymphatic metastasis was proved to be associated with podoplanin-expressing macrophages in breast cancer(BC).This study aimed to investigate the role of the M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages ...The process of lymphatic metastasis was proved to be associated with podoplanin-expressing macrophages in breast cancer(BC).This study aimed to investigate the role of the M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages and mine the key M2 macrophages-related genes for lymph node metastasis in BC.We downloaded the GSE158399 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,which includes transcriptomic profiles of individual cells from primary tumors,negative lymph nodes(NLNs),and positive lymph nodes(PLNs)of breast cancer patients.The cell subsets were identified by clustering analysis after quality control of the scRNA-seq using Seurat.The activation and migration capability of M2 macrophages were evaluated with R package“GSVA”.The key M2 macrophages-related genes were screened from the differential expressed genes(DEGs)and M2 macrophages activation and migration gene sets collected from MSigDB database.Our analysis identified three main cell types in primary tumors,NLNs,and PLNs:basal cells,luminal cells,and immune cell subsets.The further cell type classification of immune cell subsets indicated M2 macrophages accumulation in NLs and PLs.The GSVA enrichment scores for activation and migration capability were increased significantly in M2 macrophages from primary tumors than NLNs and PLNs(pvalue<0.001).Seven M2 macrophages activation-related and 15 M2 macrophages migration-related genes were significantly up-regulated in primary tumors than NLNs and PLNs.The proportion and GSVA enrichment scores for activation and migration of M2 macrophages may be potential markers for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.Our study demonstrated that twenty-two up-regulated mRNA may be possible therapeutic targets for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.展开更多
CoTe@reduced graphene oxide(CoTe@rGO)electrode materials for supercapacitors were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method in this paper.Compared with that of pure CoTe,the electrochemical performance of CoTe@rGO wa...CoTe@reduced graphene oxide(CoTe@rGO)electrode materials for supercapacitors were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method in this paper.Compared with that of pure CoTe,the electrochemical performance of CoTe@rGO was significantly improved.The results showed that the optimal CoTe@rGO electrode material has a remarkably high specific capacitance of 810.6 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g.At 5 A/g,the synthesized material retained 77.2%of its initial capacitance even after 5000 charge/discharge cycles,thereby demonstrating good cycling stability.Moreover,even at a high current density of 20 A/g,the composite electrode retained 79.0%of its specific capacitance at 1 A/g,thus confirming its excellent rate performance.An asymmetric supercapacitor(ASC)with a wider potential window and higher energy density was assembled by using 3 M KOH as the electrolyte,the CoTe@rGO electrode as the positive electrode,and active carbon as the negative electrode.The operating voltage of the supercapacitor could be increased to 1.6 V,and its specific capacitance could reach 112.6 F/g at 1 A/g.The specific capacitance retention rate of the fabricated supercapacitor after 5000 charge/discharge cycles at 5 A/g was 87.1%,which confirms its excellent cycling stability.In addition,the ASC revealed a high energy density of 40.04 W·h/kg at a power density of 799.91 W/kg and a high power density of 4004.93 W/kg at an energy density of 33.43 W·h/kg.These results collectively show that CoTe@rGO materials have broad application prospects.展开更多
文摘Many domains, including communication, signal processing, and image processing, use the Fourier Transform as a mathematical tool for signal analysis. Although it can analyze signals with steady and transitory properties, it has limits. The Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) is a novel technique that we suggest in this study as a way to improve the Fourier Transform and get beyond these drawbacks. In this experiment, we specifically considered the utilization of Daubechies level 4 for the wavelet transformation. The choice of Daubechies level 4 was motivated by several reasons. Daubechies wavelets are known for their compact support, orthogonality, and good time-frequency localization. By choosing Daubechies level 4, we aimed to strike a balance between preserving important transient information and avoiding excessive noise or oversmoothing in the transformed signal. Then we compared the outcomes of our suggested approach to the conventional Fourier Transform using a non-stationary signal. The findings demonstrated that the suggested method offered a more accurate representation of non-stationary and transient signals in the frequency domain. Our method precisely showed a 12% reduction in MSE and a 3% rise in PSNR for the standard Fourier transform, as well as a 35% decrease in MSE and an 8% increase in PSNR for voice signals when compared to the traditional wavelet packet decomposition method.
文摘The process of lymphatic metastasis was proved to be associated with podoplanin-expressing macrophages in breast cancer(BC).This study aimed to investigate the role of the M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages and mine the key M2 macrophages-related genes for lymph node metastasis in BC.We downloaded the GSE158399 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,which includes transcriptomic profiles of individual cells from primary tumors,negative lymph nodes(NLNs),and positive lymph nodes(PLNs)of breast cancer patients.The cell subsets were identified by clustering analysis after quality control of the scRNA-seq using Seurat.The activation and migration capability of M2 macrophages were evaluated with R package“GSVA”.The key M2 macrophages-related genes were screened from the differential expressed genes(DEGs)and M2 macrophages activation and migration gene sets collected from MSigDB database.Our analysis identified three main cell types in primary tumors,NLNs,and PLNs:basal cells,luminal cells,and immune cell subsets.The further cell type classification of immune cell subsets indicated M2 macrophages accumulation in NLs and PLs.The GSVA enrichment scores for activation and migration capability were increased significantly in M2 macrophages from primary tumors than NLNs and PLNs(pvalue<0.001).Seven M2 macrophages activation-related and 15 M2 macrophages migration-related genes were significantly up-regulated in primary tumors than NLNs and PLNs.The proportion and GSVA enrichment scores for activation and migration of M2 macrophages may be potential markers for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.Our study demonstrated that twenty-two up-regulated mRNA may be possible therapeutic targets for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51877146)。
文摘CoTe@reduced graphene oxide(CoTe@rGO)electrode materials for supercapacitors were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method in this paper.Compared with that of pure CoTe,the electrochemical performance of CoTe@rGO was significantly improved.The results showed that the optimal CoTe@rGO electrode material has a remarkably high specific capacitance of 810.6 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g.At 5 A/g,the synthesized material retained 77.2%of its initial capacitance even after 5000 charge/discharge cycles,thereby demonstrating good cycling stability.Moreover,even at a high current density of 20 A/g,the composite electrode retained 79.0%of its specific capacitance at 1 A/g,thus confirming its excellent rate performance.An asymmetric supercapacitor(ASC)with a wider potential window and higher energy density was assembled by using 3 M KOH as the electrolyte,the CoTe@rGO electrode as the positive electrode,and active carbon as the negative electrode.The operating voltage of the supercapacitor could be increased to 1.6 V,and its specific capacitance could reach 112.6 F/g at 1 A/g.The specific capacitance retention rate of the fabricated supercapacitor after 5000 charge/discharge cycles at 5 A/g was 87.1%,which confirms its excellent cycling stability.In addition,the ASC revealed a high energy density of 40.04 W·h/kg at a power density of 799.91 W/kg and a high power density of 4004.93 W/kg at an energy density of 33.43 W·h/kg.These results collectively show that CoTe@rGO materials have broad application prospects.
