Organic solar cells(OSCs)have gained conspicuous progress during the past few decades due to the development of materials and upgrading of the device structure.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the single-junctio...Organic solar cells(OSCs)have gained conspicuous progress during the past few decades due to the development of materials and upgrading of the device structure.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the single-junction device had surpassed 19%.The cathode interface layer(CIL),by optimizing the connection between the active layer and the cathode electrode,has become a momentous part to strengthen the performances of the OSCs.Simultaneously,CIL is also indispensable to illustrating the working mechanism of OSCs and enhancing the stability of the OSCs.In this essay,hybrid CILs in OSCs have been summarized.Firstly,the advancement and operating mechanism of OSCs,and the effects and relevant design rules of CIL are briefly concluded;secondly,the significant influence of CIL on enhancing the stability and PCE of OSCs is presented;thirdly,the characteristics of organic hybrid CIL and organic-inorganic hybrid CIL are introduced.Finally,the conclusion and outlook of CIL are summarized.展开更多
The inflammatory response is induced by the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin(IL)-1β, and is one of the main causes of intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD). NLR pyrin domain containing 3(...The inflammatory response is induced by the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin(IL)-1β, and is one of the main causes of intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD). NLR pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) inflammasome activation is an important source of IL-1β. As an anti-inflammatory neuroendocrine hormone, melatonin plays various roles in different pathophysiological conditions. However, its roles in IVDD are still not well understood and require more examination. First, we demonstrated that melatonin delayed the progression of IVDD and relieved IVDD-related low back pain in a rat needle puncture IVDD model;moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome activation(NLRP3, p20, and IL-1β levels) was significantly upregulated in severely degenerated human discs and a rat IVDD model. Subsequently, an IL-1β/NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome activation positive feedback loop was found in nucleus pulposus(NP) cells that were treated with IL-1β. In these cells, expression of NLRP3 and p20 was significantly increased, NF-κB signaling was involved in this regulation, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mt ROS)production increased. Furthermore, we found that melatonin disrupted the IL-1β/NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome activation positive feedback loop in vitro and in vivo. Melatonin treatment decreased NLRP3, p20, and IL-1β levels by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and downregulating mt ROS production. Finally, we showed that melatonin mediated the disruption of the positive feedback loop of IL-1β in vivo. In this study, we showed for the first time that IL-1β promotes its own expression by upregulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, melatonin disrupts the IL-1β positive feedback loop and may be a potential therapeutic agent for IVDD.展开更多
During the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan,China,a series of measures were implemented by the government to prevent the spread of disease,including the lockdown policy and construction of emergency hospitals.To estimate th...During the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan,China,a series of measures were implemented by the government to prevent the spread of disease,including the lockdown policy and construction of emergency hospitals.To estimate the impact of these measures on aquatic environments,turbidity of lakes in Wuhan was dynamically monitored by integrating multi-sensor satellite observations.Calibrated against field measurements,empirical turbidity models were developed with high accuracy(R^(2)=0.77,RMSE=3.13 NTU).Time series of lake turbidity during COVID-19 were then retrieved,and possible factors for the turbidity change were discussed,including meteorological conditions and human activities.Results demonstrated that(1)the mean turbidity showed a 24.9%decline from 33.4 NTU to 25.1 NTU after the lockdown in Wuhan,which dropped 16.0%compared to that in the previous year.This decline might be related to the sharp reduction in human activities after the lockdown;(2)no obvious turbidity disturbance was observed in the lakes around emergency hospitals during their construction,and the lakes remained stable after the operation of hospitals.The method of integrating multi-sensor satellite observations used in this study shows great performance in term of temporal resolution for dynamic monitoring of inland water.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52263017,21965023,52173170,51973087,and22065025)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangxi Province(20212ACB214009)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20212ACB203010,20224BAB214007 and20212BAB204052)the Training Project of High-level and Highskilled Leading Talents of Jiangxi Province(2023)the Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2019201004 and jxsq2020101068)。
文摘Organic solar cells(OSCs)have gained conspicuous progress during the past few decades due to the development of materials and upgrading of the device structure.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the single-junction device had surpassed 19%.The cathode interface layer(CIL),by optimizing the connection between the active layer and the cathode electrode,has become a momentous part to strengthen the performances of the OSCs.Simultaneously,CIL is also indispensable to illustrating the working mechanism of OSCs and enhancing the stability of the OSCs.In this essay,hybrid CILs in OSCs have been summarized.Firstly,the advancement and operating mechanism of OSCs,and the effects and relevant design rules of CIL are briefly concluded;secondly,the significant influence of CIL on enhancing the stability and PCE of OSCs is presented;thirdly,the characteristics of organic hybrid CIL and organic-inorganic hybrid CIL are introduced.Finally,the conclusion and outlook of CIL are summarized.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant no: 2017A030313670)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81572175 and 81772386)。
文摘The inflammatory response is induced by the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin(IL)-1β, and is one of the main causes of intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD). NLR pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) inflammasome activation is an important source of IL-1β. As an anti-inflammatory neuroendocrine hormone, melatonin plays various roles in different pathophysiological conditions. However, its roles in IVDD are still not well understood and require more examination. First, we demonstrated that melatonin delayed the progression of IVDD and relieved IVDD-related low back pain in a rat needle puncture IVDD model;moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome activation(NLRP3, p20, and IL-1β levels) was significantly upregulated in severely degenerated human discs and a rat IVDD model. Subsequently, an IL-1β/NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome activation positive feedback loop was found in nucleus pulposus(NP) cells that were treated with IL-1β. In these cells, expression of NLRP3 and p20 was significantly increased, NF-κB signaling was involved in this regulation, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mt ROS)production increased. Furthermore, we found that melatonin disrupted the IL-1β/NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome activation positive feedback loop in vitro and in vivo. Melatonin treatment decreased NLRP3, p20, and IL-1β levels by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and downregulating mt ROS production. Finally, we showed that melatonin mediated the disruption of the positive feedback loop of IL-1β in vivo. In this study, we showed for the first time that IL-1β promotes its own expression by upregulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, melatonin disrupts the IL-1β positive feedback loop and may be a potential therapeutic agent for IVDD.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant numbers 2018YFB0504900,2018YFB0504904 and 2016YFC0200900,2016YFC1400906]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42071325,41701379 and 41571344]+3 种基金Wuhan University Luojia Talented Young Scholar project,Dragon 4 proposal ID 32442(entitled‘New Earth Observations tools for Water resource and quality monitoring in Yangtze wetlands and lakes(EOWAQYWET)’)LIESMARS Special Research Fundingthe‘985 Project’of Wuhan UniversitySpecial funds of State Key Laboratory for equipment.
文摘During the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan,China,a series of measures were implemented by the government to prevent the spread of disease,including the lockdown policy and construction of emergency hospitals.To estimate the impact of these measures on aquatic environments,turbidity of lakes in Wuhan was dynamically monitored by integrating multi-sensor satellite observations.Calibrated against field measurements,empirical turbidity models were developed with high accuracy(R^(2)=0.77,RMSE=3.13 NTU).Time series of lake turbidity during COVID-19 were then retrieved,and possible factors for the turbidity change were discussed,including meteorological conditions and human activities.Results demonstrated that(1)the mean turbidity showed a 24.9%decline from 33.4 NTU to 25.1 NTU after the lockdown in Wuhan,which dropped 16.0%compared to that in the previous year.This decline might be related to the sharp reduction in human activities after the lockdown;(2)no obvious turbidity disturbance was observed in the lakes around emergency hospitals during their construction,and the lakes remained stable after the operation of hospitals.The method of integrating multi-sensor satellite observations used in this study shows great performance in term of temporal resolution for dynamic monitoring of inland water.
