Nanofiber membranes(NFMs) have become attractive candidates for next-generation flexible transparent materials due to their exceptional flexibility and breathability. However, improving the transmittance of NFMs is a ...Nanofiber membranes(NFMs) have become attractive candidates for next-generation flexible transparent materials due to their exceptional flexibility and breathability. However, improving the transmittance of NFMs is a great challenge due to the enormous reflection and incredibly poor transmission generated by the nanofiber-air interface. In this research, we report a general strategy for the preparation of flexible temperature-responsive transparent(TRT) membranes,which achieves a rapid transformation of NFMs from opaque to highly transparent under a narrow temperature window. In this process, the phase change material eicosane is coated on the surface of the polyurethane nanofibers by electrospray technology. When the temperature rises to 37 ℃, eicosane rapidly completes the phase transition and establishes the light transmission path between the nanofibers, preventing light loss from reflection at the nanofiber-air interface. The resulting TRT membrane exhibits high transmittance(> 90%), and fast response(5 s). This study achieves the first TRT transition of NFMs, offering a general strategy for building highly transparent nanofiber materials, shaping the future of next-generation intelligent temperature monitoring, anti-counterfeiting measures, and other high-performance devices.展开更多
The seawater desalination based on solardriven interfacial evaporation has emerged as a promising technique to alleviate the global crisis on freshwater shortage.However,achieving high desalination performance on actu...The seawater desalination based on solardriven interfacial evaporation has emerged as a promising technique to alleviate the global crisis on freshwater shortage.However,achieving high desalination performance on actual,oil-contaminated seawater remains a critical challenge,because the transport channels and evaporation interfaces of the current solar evaporators are easily blocked by the oil slicks,resulting in undermined evaporation rate and conversion efficiency.Herein,we propose a facile strategy for fabricating a modularized solar evaporator based on flexible MXene aerogels with arbitrarily tunable,highly ordered cellular/lamellar pore structures for high-efficiency oil interception and desalination.The core design is the creation of 1D fibrous MXenes with sufficiently large aspect ratios,whose superior flexibility and plentiful link forms lay the basis for controllable 3D assembly into more complicated pore structures.The cellular pore structure is responsible for effective contaminants rejection due to the multi-sieving effect achieved by the omnipresent,isotropic wall apertures together with underwater superhydrophobicity,while the lamellar pore structure is favorable for rapid evaporation due to the presence of continuous,large-area evaporation channels.The modularized solar evaporator delivers the best evaporation rate(1.48 kg m-2h-1)and conversion efficiency(92.08%)among all MXene-based desalination materials on oil-contaminated seawater.展开更多
MIL-101(Cr)is a promising moisture absorbent for solar-driven water harvesting from moisture to tackle the worldwide water shortage issue.However,the MIL-101(Cr)powder suffers from a long ab/desorption cycle due to th...MIL-101(Cr)is a promising moisture absorbent for solar-driven water harvesting from moisture to tackle the worldwide water shortage issue.However,the MIL-101(Cr)powder suffers from a long ab/desorption cycle due to the crystal aggregation caused by its inherent powder properties.Here,we demonstrate a MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane with a nanofibrous matrix where MIL-101(Cr)is monodisperse in the 3D porous nanofibrous matrix through a simple spray-electrospinning strategy.The continuous porous nanofibrous matrix not only offers sufficient sites for MIL-101(Cr)loading but also provides rapid moisture transport channels,resulting in a super-rapid ab/desorption duration of 50 min(including an absorption process for 40 min and a desorption process for 10 min)and multicycle daily water production of 15.9 L kg^(−1) d^(−1).Besides,the MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane establishes a high solar absorption of 92.8%,and excellent photothermal conversion with the surface temperature of 70.7°C under one-sun irradiation.In addition,the MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane shows excellent potential for practical application due to its flexibility,portability,and use stability.This work provides a new perspective of shortening MOF ab/desorption duration by introducing a porous nanofibrous matrix to improve the specific water production for the solar-driven ab/desorption water harvesting technique.展开更多
The degree of polymer chain orientation is a key structural parameter that determines the mechanical and physical properties of fibers.However,understanding and significantly tuning the orientation of fiber macromolec...The degree of polymer chain orientation is a key structural parameter that determines the mechanical and physical properties of fibers.However,understanding and significantly tuning the orientation of fiber macromolecular chains remain elusive.Herein,we propose a novel electrospinning technique that can efficiently modulate molecular chain orientation by controlling the electric field.In contrast to the typical electrospinning method,this technique can piecewise control the electric field by applying high voltage to the metal ring instead of the needle.Benefiting from this change,a new electric field distribution can be realized,leading to a non-monotonic change in the drafting force.As a result,the macromolecular chain orientation of polyethylene oxide(PEO)nanofibers was significantly improved with a recordhigh infrared dichroic ratio.This was further confirmed by the sharp decrease in the PEO jet fineness of approximately 80%and the nanofiber diameter from 298 to 114 nm.Interestingly,the crystallinity can also be adjusted,with an obvious drop from 74.9%to 31.7%,which is different from the high crystallinity caused by oriented chains in common materials.This work guides a new perspective for the preparation of advanced electrospun nanofibers with optimal orientation–crystallinity properties,a merited feature for various applications.展开更多
People could potentially mitigate heat discomfort when outdoors by combining passive radiative cooling(PRC)strategies with personal thermal management techniques.However,most current PRC materials lack wearing comfort...People could potentially mitigate heat discomfort when outdoors by combining passive radiative cooling(PRC)strategies with personal thermal management techniques.However,most current PRC materials lack wearing comfort and durability.In this study,a microarray technique is applied to fabricate the tailoring photonic-engineered textiles with intriguing PRC capability and appealing wearability.The developed radiative cooling textiles(RCTs)demonstrate appropriate air-moisture permeability,structural stability,and extended spectroscopic response with high sunlight reflectivity(91.7%)and robust heat emissivity(95.8%)through the atmospheric transparent spectral window(ATSW).In a hot outdoor cooling test,a skin simulator covered by the RCTs displays a temperature drop of approximately 4.4℃at noon compared with cotton textiles.The evolution of our mimetic structures may provide new insights into the generation of wearable,thermal-wet comfortable,and robust textiles for exploring PRC techniques in personal thermal management applications.展开更多
Bimetallic compounds such as hydrotalcite-type layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are promising electrocatalysts owing to their unique electronic structures.However,their abilities toward nitrogen adsorption and reduction...Bimetallic compounds such as hydrotalcite-type layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are promising electrocatalysts owing to their unique electronic structures.However,their abilities toward nitrogen adsorption and reduction are undermined since the surface-mantled,electronegative-OH groups hinder the charge transfer between transition metal atoms and nitrogen molecules.Herein,a smart interfacing strategy is proposed to construct a coupled heterointerface between LDH and 2D g-C_(3)N_(4),which is proven by density functional theory(DFT)investigations to be favorable for nitrogen adsorption and ammonia desorption compared with neat LDH surface.The interfaced LDH and g-C_(3)N_(4) is further hybridized with a self-standing TiO_(2) nanofibrous membrane(NM)to maximize the interfacial effect owing to its high porosity and large surface area.Profited from the synergistic superiorities of the three components,the LDH@C_(3)N_(4)@TiO_(2) NM delivers superior ammonia yield(2.07×10^(−9) mol s^(−1) cm^(−2))and Faradaic efficiency(25.3%),making it a high-efficiency,noble-metal-free catalyst system toward electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction.展开更多
This paper explores the reform and practice of software engineering-related courses based on the competency model of the Computing Curricula,and proposes some measures of teaching reform and talent cultivation in soft...This paper explores the reform and practice of software engineering-related courses based on the competency model of the Computing Curricula,and proposes some measures of teaching reform and talent cultivation in software engineering.The teaching reform emphasizes student-centered education,and focuses on the cultivation and enhancement of students’knowledge,skills,and dispositions.Based on the three elements of the competency model,specific measures of teaching reform are proposed for some professional courses in software engineering,to strengthen course relevance,improve knowledge systems,reform practical modes with a focus on skill development,and cultivate good dispositions through student-centered education.The teaching reform’s attempts and practice are conducted in some courses such as Advanced Web Technologies,Software Engineering,and Intelligent Terminal Systems and Application Development.Through the analysis and comparison of the implementation effects,significant improvements are observed in teaching effectiveness,students’mastery of knowledge and skills are noticeably improved,and the expected goals of the teaching reform are achieved.展开更多
High-performance flexible one-dimensional(1D)electrochemical energy storage devices are crucial for the applications of wearable electronics.Although much progress on various 1D energy storage devices has been made,ch...High-performance flexible one-dimensional(1D)electrochemical energy storage devices are crucial for the applications of wearable electronics.Although much progress on various 1D energy storage devices has been made,challenges involving fabrication cost,scalability,and efficiency remain.Herein,a highperformance flexible all-fiber zinc-ion battery(ZIB)is fabricated using a low-cost,scalable,and efficient continuous wet-spinning method.Viscous composite inks containing cellulose nanofibers/carbon nanotubes(CNFs/CNTs)binary composite network and either manganese dioxide nanowires(MnO_(2) NWs)or commercial Zn powders are utilized to spinning fiber cathodes and anodes,respectively.MnO_(2) NWs and Zn powders are uniformly dispersed in the interpenetrated CNFs/CNTs fibrous network,leading to homogenous composite inks with an ideal shear-thinning property.The obtained fiber electrodes demonstrate favorable uniformity and flexibility.Benefiting from the well-designed electrodes,the assembled flexible fiber-shaped ZIB delivers a high specific capacity of 281.5 m Ah g^(-1) at 0.25 A g^(-1) and displays excellent cycling stability over 400 cycles.Moreover,the wet-spun fiber-shaped ZIBs achieve ultrahigh gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 47.3 Wh kg^(-1) and 131.3 m Wh cm^(-3),respectively,based on both cathode and anode and maintain favorable stability even after 4000 bending cycles.This work offers a new concept design of 1D flexible ZIBs that can be potentially incorporated into commercial textiles for wearable and portable electronics.展开更多
There is a great demand for transparent films,membranes,or substrates in the fields of intelligent wearables,electronic skins,air filtration,and tissue engineering.Traditional materials such as glass and plastics cann...There is a great demand for transparent films,membranes,or substrates in the fields of intelligent wearables,electronic skins,air filtration,and tissue engineering.Traditional materials such as glass and plastics cannot satisfy these requirements because of the lack of interconnected pores,undesirable porosity,and flexibility.Electrospun fibrous membranes offset these shortcomings because they contain small pores and have high porosity as well as outstanding flexibility.Thus,the development of transparent electrospun fibrous membranes is of great value.This work reports a simple and effective way to develop flexible and porous transparent fibrous membranes(TFMs)directly from electrospun fibrous membranes via mechanical pressing,without employing any other additives.In addition,the relationship between the transparency performance and the molecular structure of the polymers after pressing was summarized for the first time.After mechanical pressing,the membranes maintained fibrous morphology,micron-sized pores,and desired porosity.Polystyrene fibrous membranes,which exhibited excellent optical and mechanical properties,were used as a reference.The TFMs possessed high transparency(~89%visible light transmittance at 550 nm),high porosity(10%–30%),and strong mechanical tensile strength(~148 MPa),nearly 78 times that of the pristine electrospun fibrous membranes.Moreover,this study demonstrated that transparent and conductive membranes can be fabricated based on TFMs using vacuum-assisted filtration of silver nanowires followed by mechanical pressing.Compared with indium tin oxide films,conductive TFMs exhibited good electrical conductivities(9Ωper square(Ω·sq^(−1)),78%transmittance at 550 nm)and notable mechanical performance(to bear abundant bending stresses).展开更多
One-dimensional(1D)SiO_(2) nanofibers(SNFs),one of the most popular inorganic nanomaterials,have aroused widespread attention because of their excellent chemical stability,as well as unique optical and thermal charact...One-dimensional(1D)SiO_(2) nanofibers(SNFs),one of the most popular inorganic nanomaterials,have aroused widespread attention because of their excellent chemical stability,as well as unique optical and thermal characteristics.Electrospinning is a straightforward and versatile method to prepare 1D SNFs with programmable structures,manageable dimensions,and modifiable properties,which hold great potential in many cutting-edge applications including aerospace,nanodevice,and energy.In this review,substantial advances in the structural design,controllable synthesis,and multifunctional applications of electrospun SNFs are highlighted.We begin with a brief introduction to the fundamental principles,available raw materials,and typical apparatus of electrospun SNFs.We then discuss the strategies for preparing SNFs with diverse structures in detail,especially stressing the newly emerging three-dimensional SiO_(2) nanofibrous aerogels.We continue with focus on major breakthroughs about brittleness-to-flexibility transition of SNFs and the means to achieve their mechanical reinforcement.In addition,we showcase recent applications enabled by electrospun SNFs,with particular emphasis on physical protection,health care and water treatment.In the end,we summarize this review and provide some perspectives on the future development direction of electrospun SNFs.展开更多
Stretchable thermoelectrics have recently attracted widespread attention in the field of self-powered wearable electronics due to their unique capability of harvesting body heat.However,it remains challenging to devel...Stretchable thermoelectrics have recently attracted widespread attention in the field of self-powered wearable electronics due to their unique capability of harvesting body heat.However,it remains challenging to develop thermoelectric materials with excellent stretchability,durable thermoelectric properties,wearable comfort,and multifunctional sensing properties simultaneously.Herein,an advanced preparation strategy combining electrospinning and spraying technology is proposed to prepare carbon nanotube(CNT)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)/polyurethane(PU)composite thermoelectric fabrics that have high air permeability and stretchability(~250%)close to those of pure PU nanofiber fabrics.Furthermore,PVP can not only improve the dispersion of CNTs but also act as interfacial binders between the CNT and the elastic PU skeleton.Consequently,both the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient remain unchanged even after bending 1000 times.In addition,self-powered sensors for the mutual conversion of finger temperature and language and detection of the movement of joints to optimize an athlete's movement state were successfully fabricated.This study paves the way for stretchable thermoelectric fabrics with fascinating applications in smart wearable fields such as power generation,health monitoring,and human–computer interaction.展开更多
This paper illustrates some exploration and innovation of software engineering education for VSEs under the background of Chinese "double first-class" new situation and new engineering subject, including aca...This paper illustrates some exploration and innovation of software engineering education for VSEs under the background of Chinese "double first-class" new situation and new engineering subject, including academic strategy, curriculum system, ability training, teaching methods, project practice, and so on. Based on the actual situations and characteristics of Hunan University, this paper focuses on some undergraduate education practice, so that students can adapt software engineering development in VSEs with ISO/IEC 29110 series of standards and guides.展开更多
In this study, two-dimensional MXene (Ti3 C2 Tx ) was employed to modify the interface of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) composites, in order to simultaneously improve the electromagnetic inte...In this study, two-dimensional MXene (Ti3 C2 Tx ) was employed to modify the interface of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) composites, in order to simultaneously improve the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances and mechanical properties. The obtained CF/PEKK composites possessed outstanding EMI and mechanical performances, as anticipated. Specifically, the CF/PEKK composites modified with MXene at 1 mg mL–1 exhibited an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 65.2 dB in the X-band, a 103.1% enhancement compared with the unmodified CF/PEKK composites. The attractive EMI shielding performances of CF/PEKK composites originated from enhanced ohmic losses and multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves with the help of the MXene and CF layers. In addition, CF/PEKK composites achieved the best mechanical properties by optimizing the dispersion concentration of MXene to 0.1 mg mL–1 . The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strength of CF/PEKK composites reached 1127 MPa, 81 GPa, and 89 MPa, which were 28.5%, 9.5%, and 29.7% higher than that of the unmodified CF/PEKK composites, respectively. Such improvement in mechanical properties could be ascribed to the comprehensive effect of mechanical interlocking, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals forces between the introduced MXene and CF, PEKK, respectively.展开更多
Smart fibers are considered as promising materials for the fabrication of wearable electronic skins owing to their features such as superior flexibility,light weight,high specific area,and ease of modification.Besides...Smart fibers are considered as promising materials for the fabrication of wearable electronic skins owing to their features such as superior flexibility,light weight,high specific area,and ease of modification.Besides,piezoelectric or triboelectric electronic skins can respond to mechanical stimulation and directly convert the mechanical energy into electrical power for self-use,thereby providing an attractive method for tactile sensing and motion perception.The incorporation of sensing capabilities into smart fibers could be a powerful approach to the development of self-powered electronic skins.Herein,we review several aspects of the recent advancements in the development of self-powered electronic skins constructed with smart fibers.The summarized aspects include functional material selection,structural design,pressure sensing mechanism,and proof-to-concept demonstration to practical application.In particular,various fabrication strategies and a wide range of practical applications have been systematically introduced.Finally,a critical assessment of the challenges and promising perspectives for the development of fiber-based electronic skins has been presented.展开更多
碳材料通常用于太阳能水蒸发,因为它们可以吸收宽带光并有效地产生热量.然而,具有光滑表面的传统碳材料受到大约10%的中等反射的限制,损失了反射能量.在此,我们提出了一种多界面策略,以提高碳纳米纤维(CNFs)的固有光吸收,从而实现更高...碳材料通常用于太阳能水蒸发,因为它们可以吸收宽带光并有效地产生热量.然而,具有光滑表面的传统碳材料受到大约10%的中等反射的限制,损失了反射能量.在此,我们提出了一种多界面策略,以提高碳纳米纤维(CNFs)的固有光吸收,从而实现更高效的太阳能驱动水净化.通过简单的牺牲模板方法,在CNFs中引入分级孔来构建多个界面得到高表面粗糙度碳纳米纤维(HPCNFs).由于高表面粗糙度和源自分级孔的丰富内部空气介电界面,HPCNFs在宽带光(300–2500 nm)吸收显著改善,高达97.62%,这使得在1个太阳光照下的太阳光转换为蒸汽的效率达到96.13%,蒸发率高达1.78 kg m^(-2)h^(−1),超过了大多数相关的纯碳材料.当用于太阳能水蒸发脱盐时,HPCNF膜表现出对离子的高度排斥(<0.05 mg L^(−1)盐离子),并以每天11.18 kg m^(-2)的速率从湖中产生淡水,足以满足4–5个人的日常需求.这项工作为高效碳基太阳能水蒸发材料的设计提供了一种简便策略.展开更多
Janus electrospinning nanofiber membranes have attracted extensive attention in the fields such as solar-driven interfacial desalination,liquid filtration,and waterproof and breathable fabrics.However,the Janus struct...Janus electrospinning nanofiber membranes have attracted extensive attention in the fields such as solar-driven interfacial desalination,liquid filtration,and waterproof and breathable fabrics.However,the Janus structures suffer from weak interfacial bonding and vulnerability to damage,making the durability and sustainability are highly sought after in real-word applications.Herein,we fabricate the simply reconfigurable and entirely self-healing Janus evaporator by electrospinning polypropylene glycol based polyurethane(PPG@PU)and polydimethylsiloxane based polyurethane-CNTs(PDMS@PU-CNTs)with different wettability,which are both designed based on dynamic Diels–Alder(DA)bond.The interface of the Janus membrane is stitched by the covalent bonds to directly improve the interface adhesion to 22 N·m−1,constructing an integrated evaporator,and thereby achieving a stable desalination rate of 1.34 kg·m−2·h−1 under one sun.Reversible dissociation of DA networks allows the evaporators for self-healing and reconfiguration abilities,after which the photothermal performance is maintained.This is the first work for the crosslinked self-healing polymer to be directly electrospun,achieving the improved interfacial bond and reconfiguration of entire evaporators,which presented promising new design principles and materials for interfacial solar seawater desalination.展开更多
Thermoelectric sensors have attracted increasing attention in smart wearables due to the recognition of multiple signals in self-powered mode.However,present thermoelectric devices show disadvantages of low durability...Thermoelectric sensors have attracted increasing attention in smart wearables due to the recognition of multiple signals in self-powered mode.However,present thermoelectric devices show disadvantages of low durability,weak wearability,and complex preparation processes and are susceptible to moisture in the microenvironment of the human body,which hinders their further application in wearable electronics.Herein,we prepared a new thermoelectric fabric with thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotubes(TPU/CNTs)by combining vacuum filtration and electrospraying techniques.Electrospraying TPU microsphere coating with good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness made the fabric worn directly and exhibits preferred water resistance,mechanical durability,and stability even after being bent 4000 times,stretched 1000 times,and washed 1000 times.Moreover,this fabric showed a Seebeck coefficient of 49μVK−1 and strain range of 250%and could collect signals well and avoided interference from moisture.Based on the biocompatibility and safety of the fabric,it can be fabricated into devices and mounted on the human face and elbow for long-term and continuous collection of data on the body’s motion and breathing simultaneously to provide collaborative support information.This thermoelectric fabric-based sensor will show great potential in advanced smart wearables for health monitoring,motion detection,and human–computer interaction.展开更多
Extremely cold environment has led to a variety of serious public health issues and posed huge burden on the social econ-omy,which is an urgent challenge to the human worldwide.Featured with comfort,convenience,and co...Extremely cold environment has led to a variety of serious public health issues and posed huge burden on the social econ-omy,which is an urgent challenge to the human worldwide.Featured with comfort,convenience,and cost-effectiveness,fibrous materials have been selected as heat insulation materials to protect the human body against the cold for centuries.The advanced ultrafine fibers,with remarkable softness,small average diameter and pore size,and high porosity,have found extensive attention,as promising candidate for application in reducing the heat loss.In this review,the heat transfer mechanisms for single fiber and fiber assembly are provided,and the typical categories of ultrafine fibrous materials for warmth retention,classified as fibrous membrane and fibrous sponge in terms of aggregate structures,are systematically summarized.In particular,this review comprehensively discusses the fabrication strategies,structure characteristics,and significant properties of various ultrafine fibrous materials.Finally,the current challenges and future development prospects of ultrafine fibrous materials for effective warmth retention are highlighted.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3804903, 2022YFB3804900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52273052)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2232023Y01)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (No. 21XD1420100)the International Cooperation Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 21130750100)。
文摘Nanofiber membranes(NFMs) have become attractive candidates for next-generation flexible transparent materials due to their exceptional flexibility and breathability. However, improving the transmittance of NFMs is a great challenge due to the enormous reflection and incredibly poor transmission generated by the nanofiber-air interface. In this research, we report a general strategy for the preparation of flexible temperature-responsive transparent(TRT) membranes,which achieves a rapid transformation of NFMs from opaque to highly transparent under a narrow temperature window. In this process, the phase change material eicosane is coated on the surface of the polyurethane nanofibers by electrospray technology. When the temperature rises to 37 ℃, eicosane rapidly completes the phase transition and establishes the light transmission path between the nanofibers, preventing light loss from reflection at the nanofiber-air interface. The resulting TRT membrane exhibits high transmittance(> 90%), and fast response(5 s). This study achieves the first TRT transition of NFMs, offering a general strategy for building highly transparent nanofiber materials, shaping the future of next-generation intelligent temperature monitoring, anti-counterfeiting measures, and other high-performance devices.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(G.Nos.52173055,21961132024,and 51925302)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(G.No.2021YFE0105100)+3 种基金the Textile Vision Basic Research Program(No.J202201)the International Cooperation Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(G.No.21130750100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program(G.No.LZA2020001)。
文摘The seawater desalination based on solardriven interfacial evaporation has emerged as a promising technique to alleviate the global crisis on freshwater shortage.However,achieving high desalination performance on actual,oil-contaminated seawater remains a critical challenge,because the transport channels and evaporation interfaces of the current solar evaporators are easily blocked by the oil slicks,resulting in undermined evaporation rate and conversion efficiency.Herein,we propose a facile strategy for fabricating a modularized solar evaporator based on flexible MXene aerogels with arbitrarily tunable,highly ordered cellular/lamellar pore structures for high-efficiency oil interception and desalination.The core design is the creation of 1D fibrous MXenes with sufficiently large aspect ratios,whose superior flexibility and plentiful link forms lay the basis for controllable 3D assembly into more complicated pore structures.The cellular pore structure is responsible for effective contaminants rejection due to the multi-sieving effect achieved by the omnipresent,isotropic wall apertures together with underwater superhydrophobicity,while the lamellar pore structure is favorable for rapid evaporation due to the presence of continuous,large-area evaporation channels.The modularized solar evaporator delivers the best evaporation rate(1.48 kg m-2h-1)and conversion efficiency(92.08%)among all MXene-based desalination materials on oil-contaminated seawater.
基金This work was partly supported by the Funda-mental Research Funds for the Central Universi-ties (2232020D-15,2232020A-08,2232020G-01,2232020D-14,and 2232019D3-11)grants (51773037,51973027,51803023,52003044,and 61771123)from the National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金This work has also been supported by the Chang Jiang Scholars Program and the Innovation Program of Shanghai Munici-pal Education Commission (2019-01-07-00-03-E00023)to Prof.Xiaohong Qinthe Shanghai Sailing Program (19YF1400700)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstruc-ture (SKL201906SIC)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST and DHU Distin-guished Young Professor Program to Prof.Liming Wang.
文摘MIL-101(Cr)is a promising moisture absorbent for solar-driven water harvesting from moisture to tackle the worldwide water shortage issue.However,the MIL-101(Cr)powder suffers from a long ab/desorption cycle due to the crystal aggregation caused by its inherent powder properties.Here,we demonstrate a MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane with a nanofibrous matrix where MIL-101(Cr)is monodisperse in the 3D porous nanofibrous matrix through a simple spray-electrospinning strategy.The continuous porous nanofibrous matrix not only offers sufficient sites for MIL-101(Cr)loading but also provides rapid moisture transport channels,resulting in a super-rapid ab/desorption duration of 50 min(including an absorption process for 40 min and a desorption process for 10 min)and multicycle daily water production of 15.9 L kg^(−1) d^(−1).Besides,the MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane establishes a high solar absorption of 92.8%,and excellent photothermal conversion with the surface temperature of 70.7°C under one-sun irradiation.In addition,the MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane shows excellent potential for practical application due to its flexibility,portability,and use stability.This work provides a new perspective of shortening MOF ab/desorption duration by introducing a porous nanofibrous matrix to improve the specific water production for the solar-driven ab/desorption water harvesting technique.
基金partly supported by the grants(51973027 and 52003044)from the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232020A-08)+5 种基金International Cooperation Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21130750100)Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Shandong Province(2021CXGC011004)supported by the Chang Jiang Scholars Programthe Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2019-01-07-00-03-E00023)to Prof.Xiaohong QinYoung Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(KF2216)Donghua University Distinguished Young Professor Program to Prof.Liming Wang。
文摘The degree of polymer chain orientation is a key structural parameter that determines the mechanical and physical properties of fibers.However,understanding and significantly tuning the orientation of fiber macromolecular chains remain elusive.Herein,we propose a novel electrospinning technique that can efficiently modulate molecular chain orientation by controlling the electric field.In contrast to the typical electrospinning method,this technique can piecewise control the electric field by applying high voltage to the metal ring instead of the needle.Benefiting from this change,a new electric field distribution can be realized,leading to a non-monotonic change in the drafting force.As a result,the macromolecular chain orientation of polyethylene oxide(PEO)nanofibers was significantly improved with a recordhigh infrared dichroic ratio.This was further confirmed by the sharp decrease in the PEO jet fineness of approximately 80%and the nanofiber diameter from 298 to 114 nm.Interestingly,the crystallinity can also be adjusted,with an obvious drop from 74.9%to 31.7%,which is different from the high crystallinity caused by oriented chains in common materials.This work guides a new perspective for the preparation of advanced electrospun nanofibers with optimal orientation–crystallinity properties,a merited feature for various applications.
基金supported by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technologythe National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232020A-06)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20QA1400500,21130750100,and 22dz1200102)Huo Yingdong Education Foundation(171065)。
文摘People could potentially mitigate heat discomfort when outdoors by combining passive radiative cooling(PRC)strategies with personal thermal management techniques.However,most current PRC materials lack wearing comfort and durability.In this study,a microarray technique is applied to fabricate the tailoring photonic-engineered textiles with intriguing PRC capability and appealing wearability.The developed radiative cooling textiles(RCTs)demonstrate appropriate air-moisture permeability,structural stability,and extended spectroscopic response with high sunlight reflectivity(91.7%)and robust heat emissivity(95.8%)through the atmospheric transparent spectral window(ATSW).In a hot outdoor cooling test,a skin simulator covered by the RCTs displays a temperature drop of approximately 4.4℃at noon compared with cotton textiles.The evolution of our mimetic structures may provide new insights into the generation of wearable,thermal-wet comfortable,and robust textiles for exploring PRC techniques in personal thermal management applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173055 and 21961132024)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.19ZR1401100)+3 种基金the International Cooperation Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.21130750100)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2017-01-07-00-03-E00024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.18D310109)the DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program(No.LZA2020001).
文摘Bimetallic compounds such as hydrotalcite-type layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are promising electrocatalysts owing to their unique electronic structures.However,their abilities toward nitrogen adsorption and reduction are undermined since the surface-mantled,electronegative-OH groups hinder the charge transfer between transition metal atoms and nitrogen molecules.Herein,a smart interfacing strategy is proposed to construct a coupled heterointerface between LDH and 2D g-C_(3)N_(4),which is proven by density functional theory(DFT)investigations to be favorable for nitrogen adsorption and ammonia desorption compared with neat LDH surface.The interfaced LDH and g-C_(3)N_(4) is further hybridized with a self-standing TiO_(2) nanofibrous membrane(NM)to maximize the interfacial effect owing to its high porosity and large surface area.Profited from the synergistic superiorities of the three components,the LDH@C_(3)N_(4)@TiO_(2) NM delivers superior ammonia yield(2.07×10^(−9) mol s^(−1) cm^(−2))and Faradaic efficiency(25.3%),making it a high-efficiency,noble-metal-free catalyst system toward electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction.
基金supported by the Teaching Reform Projects of Colleges in Hunan Province(No.HNJG-2022-1410,No.HNJG-2020-0489,No.HNJG-2022-0785,and No.HNJG-2022-0792)Industry-universityCooperative Project of Ministry of Education(No.220506194233806)the Teaching Reform Project of Hunan University of Science and Technology(No.2020XXJG07)。
文摘This paper explores the reform and practice of software engineering-related courses based on the competency model of the Computing Curricula,and proposes some measures of teaching reform and talent cultivation in software engineering.The teaching reform emphasizes student-centered education,and focuses on the cultivation and enhancement of students’knowledge,skills,and dispositions.Based on the three elements of the competency model,specific measures of teaching reform are proposed for some professional courses in software engineering,to strengthen course relevance,improve knowledge systems,reform practical modes with a focus on skill development,and cultivate good dispositions through student-centered education.The teaching reform’s attempts and practice are conducted in some courses such as Advanced Web Technologies,Software Engineering,and Intelligent Terminal Systems and Application Development.Through the analysis and comparison of the implementation effects,significant improvements are observed in teaching effectiveness,students’mastery of knowledge and skills are noticeably improved,and the expected goals of the teaching reform are achieved.
基金financially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(52025133)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ18005)+7 种基金the Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE,the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0206701)the BIC-ESAT fundingthe financial support of the Central Universities(2232020D-13)the Shanghai Sailing Program(20YF1400700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52003045)the financial support from the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(2019QNRC001)the“1000-Plan program”of Shaanxi Provincethe“Young Talent Support Plan”of Xi’an Jiaotong University。
文摘High-performance flexible one-dimensional(1D)electrochemical energy storage devices are crucial for the applications of wearable electronics.Although much progress on various 1D energy storage devices has been made,challenges involving fabrication cost,scalability,and efficiency remain.Herein,a highperformance flexible all-fiber zinc-ion battery(ZIB)is fabricated using a low-cost,scalable,and efficient continuous wet-spinning method.Viscous composite inks containing cellulose nanofibers/carbon nanotubes(CNFs/CNTs)binary composite network and either manganese dioxide nanowires(MnO_(2) NWs)or commercial Zn powders are utilized to spinning fiber cathodes and anodes,respectively.MnO_(2) NWs and Zn powders are uniformly dispersed in the interpenetrated CNFs/CNTs fibrous network,leading to homogenous composite inks with an ideal shear-thinning property.The obtained fiber electrodes demonstrate favorable uniformity and flexibility.Benefiting from the well-designed electrodes,the assembled flexible fiber-shaped ZIB delivers a high specific capacity of 281.5 m Ah g^(-1) at 0.25 A g^(-1) and displays excellent cycling stability over 400 cycles.Moreover,the wet-spun fiber-shaped ZIBs achieve ultrahigh gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 47.3 Wh kg^(-1) and 131.3 m Wh cm^(-3),respectively,based on both cathode and anode and maintain favorable stability even after 4000 bending cycles.This work offers a new concept design of 1D flexible ZIBs that can be potentially incorporated into commercial textiles for wearable and portable electronics.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073052 and 51925302)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(TP2016019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Donghua University(CUSF-DH-D-2020009).
文摘There is a great demand for transparent films,membranes,or substrates in the fields of intelligent wearables,electronic skins,air filtration,and tissue engineering.Traditional materials such as glass and plastics cannot satisfy these requirements because of the lack of interconnected pores,undesirable porosity,and flexibility.Electrospun fibrous membranes offset these shortcomings because they contain small pores and have high porosity as well as outstanding flexibility.Thus,the development of transparent electrospun fibrous membranes is of great value.This work reports a simple and effective way to develop flexible and porous transparent fibrous membranes(TFMs)directly from electrospun fibrous membranes via mechanical pressing,without employing any other additives.In addition,the relationship between the transparency performance and the molecular structure of the polymers after pressing was summarized for the first time.After mechanical pressing,the membranes maintained fibrous morphology,micron-sized pores,and desired porosity.Polystyrene fibrous membranes,which exhibited excellent optical and mechanical properties,were used as a reference.The TFMs possessed high transparency(~89%visible light transmittance at 550 nm),high porosity(10%–30%),and strong mechanical tensile strength(~148 MPa),nearly 78 times that of the pristine electrospun fibrous membranes.Moreover,this study demonstrated that transparent and conductive membranes can be fabricated based on TFMs using vacuum-assisted filtration of silver nanowires followed by mechanical pressing.Compared with indium tin oxide films,conductive TFMs exhibited good electrical conductivities(9Ωper square(Ω·sq^(−1)),78%transmittance at 550 nm)and notable mechanical performance(to bear abundant bending stresses).
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21961132024,51925302,and 52173055)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2021YFE0105100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program(No.LZA2020001).
文摘One-dimensional(1D)SiO_(2) nanofibers(SNFs),one of the most popular inorganic nanomaterials,have aroused widespread attention because of their excellent chemical stability,as well as unique optical and thermal characteristics.Electrospinning is a straightforward and versatile method to prepare 1D SNFs with programmable structures,manageable dimensions,and modifiable properties,which hold great potential in many cutting-edge applications including aerospace,nanodevice,and energy.In this review,substantial advances in the structural design,controllable synthesis,and multifunctional applications of electrospun SNFs are highlighted.We begin with a brief introduction to the fundamental principles,available raw materials,and typical apparatus of electrospun SNFs.We then discuss the strategies for preparing SNFs with diverse structures in detail,especially stressing the newly emerging three-dimensional SiO_(2) nanofibrous aerogels.We continue with focus on major breakthroughs about brittleness-to-flexibility transition of SNFs and the means to achieve their mechanical reinforcement.In addition,we showcase recent applications enabled by electrospun SNFs,with particular emphasis on physical protection,health care and water treatment.In the end,we summarize this review and provide some perspectives on the future development direction of electrospun SNFs.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2232020A-08National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51973027,52003044。
文摘Stretchable thermoelectrics have recently attracted widespread attention in the field of self-powered wearable electronics due to their unique capability of harvesting body heat.However,it remains challenging to develop thermoelectric materials with excellent stretchability,durable thermoelectric properties,wearable comfort,and multifunctional sensing properties simultaneously.Herein,an advanced preparation strategy combining electrospinning and spraying technology is proposed to prepare carbon nanotube(CNT)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)/polyurethane(PU)composite thermoelectric fabrics that have high air permeability and stretchability(~250%)close to those of pure PU nanofiber fabrics.Furthermore,PVP can not only improve the dispersion of CNTs but also act as interfacial binders between the CNT and the elastic PU skeleton.Consequently,both the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient remain unchanged even after bending 1000 times.In addition,self-powered sensors for the mutual conversion of finger temperature and language and detection of the movement of joints to optimize an athlete's movement state were successfully fabricated.This study paves the way for stretchable thermoelectric fabrics with fascinating applications in smart wearable fields such as power generation,health monitoring,and human–computer interaction.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China Hunan Province (No.2016JJ2057)the Science Foundation of China Hunan Provincial Education Department (No.15C0546)
文摘This paper illustrates some exploration and innovation of software engineering education for VSEs under the background of Chinese "double first-class" new situation and new engineering subject, including academic strategy, curriculum system, ability training, teaching methods, project practice, and so on. Based on the actual situations and characteristics of Hunan University, this paper focuses on some undergraduate education practice, so that students can adapt software engineering development in VSEs with ISO/IEC 29110 series of standards and guides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173055,51973028,and 21961132024)the Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China(2021YFE0105100)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21YF1400700)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program(LZA2020001)。
基金supported by the Shanghai Science and Tech-nology Committee(No.22511102400)Prof.Zhang would like to appreciate the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232020G-12)+1 种基金the Fund of National Engineering Research Center for Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing(No.COMAC-SFGS-2022-2376)the Textile Vi-sion Basic Research Program(No.J202105).
文摘In this study, two-dimensional MXene (Ti3 C2 Tx ) was employed to modify the interface of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) composites, in order to simultaneously improve the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances and mechanical properties. The obtained CF/PEKK composites possessed outstanding EMI and mechanical performances, as anticipated. Specifically, the CF/PEKK composites modified with MXene at 1 mg mL–1 exhibited an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 65.2 dB in the X-band, a 103.1% enhancement compared with the unmodified CF/PEKK composites. The attractive EMI shielding performances of CF/PEKK composites originated from enhanced ohmic losses and multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves with the help of the MXene and CF layers. In addition, CF/PEKK composites achieved the best mechanical properties by optimizing the dispersion concentration of MXene to 0.1 mg mL–1 . The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strength of CF/PEKK composites reached 1127 MPa, 81 GPa, and 89 MPa, which were 28.5%, 9.5%, and 29.7% higher than that of the unmodified CF/PEKK composites, respectively. Such improvement in mechanical properties could be ascribed to the comprehensive effect of mechanical interlocking, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals forces between the introduced MXene and CF, PEKK, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073051,51925302,and 51873030)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232022 A-04)Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Modern Textiles,International Cooperation Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21130750100).
文摘Smart fibers are considered as promising materials for the fabrication of wearable electronic skins owing to their features such as superior flexibility,light weight,high specific area,and ease of modification.Besides,piezoelectric or triboelectric electronic skins can respond to mechanical stimulation and directly convert the mechanical energy into electrical power for self-use,thereby providing an attractive method for tactile sensing and motion perception.The incorporation of sensing capabilities into smart fibers could be a powerful approach to the development of self-powered electronic skins.Herein,we review several aspects of the recent advancements in the development of self-powered electronic skins constructed with smart fibers.The summarized aspects include functional material selection,structural design,pressure sensing mechanism,and proof-to-concept demonstration to practical application.In particular,various fabrication strategies and a wide range of practical applications have been systematically introduced.Finally,a critical assessment of the challenges and promising perspectives for the development of fiber-based electronic skins has been presented.
基金supported by the Chang Jiang Scholars Program and the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2019-01-07-00-03-E00023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52202218,62171116 and 51973027)+1 种基金DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program,Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (22ZR1401000)Shanghai Pujiang Program (21PJ1400200)
文摘碳材料通常用于太阳能水蒸发,因为它们可以吸收宽带光并有效地产生热量.然而,具有光滑表面的传统碳材料受到大约10%的中等反射的限制,损失了反射能量.在此,我们提出了一种多界面策略,以提高碳纳米纤维(CNFs)的固有光吸收,从而实现更高效的太阳能驱动水净化.通过简单的牺牲模板方法,在CNFs中引入分级孔来构建多个界面得到高表面粗糙度碳纳米纤维(HPCNFs).由于高表面粗糙度和源自分级孔的丰富内部空气介电界面,HPCNFs在宽带光(300–2500 nm)吸收显著改善,高达97.62%,这使得在1个太阳光照下的太阳光转换为蒸汽的效率达到96.13%,蒸发率高达1.78 kg m^(-2)h^(−1),超过了大多数相关的纯碳材料.当用于太阳能水蒸发脱盐时,HPCNF膜表现出对离子的高度排斥(<0.05 mg L^(−1)盐离子),并以每天11.18 kg m^(-2)的速率从湖中产生淡水,足以满足4–5个人的日常需求.这项工作为高效碳基太阳能水蒸发材料的设计提供了一种简便策略.
基金This work was partly supported by the grants(Nos.51973027 and 52003044)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232020A-08)+2 种基金International Cooperation Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.21130750100)Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Shandong Province(No.2021CXGC011004)This work has also been supported by the Chang Jiang Scholars Program and the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2019-01-07-00-03-E00023)to Prof.X.H.Q.,Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(KF2216)and DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program to Prof.L.M.W.
文摘Janus electrospinning nanofiber membranes have attracted extensive attention in the fields such as solar-driven interfacial desalination,liquid filtration,and waterproof and breathable fabrics.However,the Janus structures suffer from weak interfacial bonding and vulnerability to damage,making the durability and sustainability are highly sought after in real-word applications.Herein,we fabricate the simply reconfigurable and entirely self-healing Janus evaporator by electrospinning polypropylene glycol based polyurethane(PPG@PU)and polydimethylsiloxane based polyurethane-CNTs(PDMS@PU-CNTs)with different wettability,which are both designed based on dynamic Diels–Alder(DA)bond.The interface of the Janus membrane is stitched by the covalent bonds to directly improve the interface adhesion to 22 N·m−1,constructing an integrated evaporator,and thereby achieving a stable desalination rate of 1.34 kg·m−2·h−1 under one sun.Reversible dissociation of DA networks allows the evaporators for self-healing and reconfiguration abilities,after which the photothermal performance is maintained.This is the first work for the crosslinked self-healing polymer to be directly electrospun,achieving the improved interfacial bond and reconfiguration of entire evaporators,which presented promising new design principles and materials for interfacial solar seawater desalination.
基金partly supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973027,52003044 and 62171116)supported by the Chang Jiang Scholars Program and the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2019-01-07-00-03-E00023)to Prof.Xiaohong Qin+3 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(19YF1400700)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure(SKL201906SIC)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CASTDHU Distinguished Young Professor Program to Prof.Liming Wang。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51973027,52003044Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Numbers:2232023A-05,2232020A-08+5 种基金International Cooperation Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,Grant/Award Number:21130750100Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:2021CXGC011004Chang Jiang Scholars Program and the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,Grant/Award Number:2019-01-07-00-03-E00023State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Grant/Award Number:KF2216DHU Distinguished Young Professor ProgramCentral Universities and Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Donghua University,Grant/Award Number:CUSF-DH-D-2022040。
文摘Thermoelectric sensors have attracted increasing attention in smart wearables due to the recognition of multiple signals in self-powered mode.However,present thermoelectric devices show disadvantages of low durability,weak wearability,and complex preparation processes and are susceptible to moisture in the microenvironment of the human body,which hinders their further application in wearable electronics.Herein,we prepared a new thermoelectric fabric with thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotubes(TPU/CNTs)by combining vacuum filtration and electrospraying techniques.Electrospraying TPU microsphere coating with good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness made the fabric worn directly and exhibits preferred water resistance,mechanical durability,and stability even after being bent 4000 times,stretched 1000 times,and washed 1000 times.Moreover,this fabric showed a Seebeck coefficient of 49μVK−1 and strain range of 250%and could collect signals well and avoided interference from moisture.Based on the biocompatibility and safety of the fabric,it can be fabricated into devices and mounted on the human face and elbow for long-term and continuous collection of data on the body’s motion and breathing simultaneously to provide collaborative support information.This thermoelectric fabric-based sensor will show great potential in advanced smart wearables for health monitoring,motion detection,and human–computer interaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51873031,52103050,and 52103023)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.21ZR1401800)the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.21YF1400700).
文摘Extremely cold environment has led to a variety of serious public health issues and posed huge burden on the social econ-omy,which is an urgent challenge to the human worldwide.Featured with comfort,convenience,and cost-effectiveness,fibrous materials have been selected as heat insulation materials to protect the human body against the cold for centuries.The advanced ultrafine fibers,with remarkable softness,small average diameter and pore size,and high porosity,have found extensive attention,as promising candidate for application in reducing the heat loss.In this review,the heat transfer mechanisms for single fiber and fiber assembly are provided,and the typical categories of ultrafine fibrous materials for warmth retention,classified as fibrous membrane and fibrous sponge in terms of aggregate structures,are systematically summarized.In particular,this review comprehensively discusses the fabrication strategies,structure characteristics,and significant properties of various ultrafine fibrous materials.Finally,the current challenges and future development prospects of ultrafine fibrous materials for effective warmth retention are highlighted.
