The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus(AIV)is widely prevalent in poultry and wild birds globally,and has become the predominant subtype circulating in poultry in China.The H9N2 AIV can directly or indirectly(by se...The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus(AIV)is widely prevalent in poultry and wild birds globally,and has become the predominant subtype circulating in poultry in China.The H9N2 AIV can directly or indirectly(by serving as a"donor virus")infect humans,posing a significant threat to public health.Currently,there is a lack of in-depth research on the prevalence of H9N2 viruses in Shanxi Province,central China.In this study,we isolated 14 H9N2 AIVs from October 2020 to April 2022 in Shanxi Province,and genetic analysis revealed that these viruses belonged to 7 different genotypes.Our study on animals revealed that the H9N2 strains we identified displayed high transmission efficiency among chicken populations,and exhibited diverse replication abilities within these birds.These viruses could replicate efficiently in the lungs of mice,with one strain also demonstrating the capacity to reproduce in organs like the brain and kidneys.At the cellular level,the replication ability of different H9N2 strains was evaluated using plaque formation assays and multi-step growth curve assays,revealing significant differences in the replication and proliferation efficiency of the various H9N2 viruses at the cellular level.The antigenicity analysis suggested that these isolates could be classified into 2 separate antigenic clusters.Our research provides crucial data to help understand the prevalence and biological characteristics of H9N2 AIVs in central China.It also highlights the necessity of enhancing the surveillance of H9N2 AIVs.展开更多
Herein,a novel method for fl uorometric detection of soybean trypsin inhibitor(SBTI)activity based on a water-soluble poly(diphenylacetylene)derivative was reported.Fluorescence quenching of the polymer via p-nitroani...Herein,a novel method for fl uorometric detection of soybean trypsin inhibitor(SBTI)activity based on a water-soluble poly(diphenylacetylene)derivative was reported.Fluorescence quenching of the polymer via p-nitroaniline,produced from the trypsin-catalyzed decomposition of N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-4-nitroanilide hydrochloride(L-BAPA),was well described using the Stern-Volmer equation.SBTI activity was quantitatively assessed based on changes in the fl uorescence intensity of the polymer.This strategy has several advantages,such as high sensitivity and ease of operation.Moreover,its applicability to other biochemical analyses is promising.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bronchial Dieulafoy’s disease(BDD)is characterized by the erosion of an anomalous artery in the submucosa of the bronchus.The etiology of pediatric BDD is mainly congenital dysplasia of bronchus and pulmon...BACKGROUND Bronchial Dieulafoy’s disease(BDD)is characterized by the erosion of an anomalous artery in the submucosa of the bronchus.The etiology of pediatric BDD is mainly congenital dysplasia of bronchus and pulmonary arteries,which is different from chronic inflammatory injury of the airway in adult patients.The internal thoracic artery,subclavian artery,and intercostal artery are known to be involved in the blood supply to the BDD lesion in children.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of BDD in a 4-year-old boy with recurrent hemoptysis for one year.Selective angiography showed a dilated right bronchial artery,and anastomosis of its branches with the right lower pulmonary vascular network.Bronchoscopy showed nodular protrusion of the bronchial mucosa with a local scar.Selective embolization of the bronchial artery was performed to stop bleeding.One month after the first intervention,the symptoms of hemoptysis recurred.A computed tomography angiogram(CTA)showed another tortuous and dilated feeding artery in the right lower lung,which was an abnormal ascending branch of the inferior phrenic artery(IPA).The results of angiography were consistent with the CTA findings.The IPA was found to be another main supplying artery,which was not considered during the first intervention.Finally,the IPA was also treated by microsphere embolization combined with coil interventional closure.During the one-year follow-up,the patient never experienced hemoptysis.CONCLUSION The supplying arteries of the bleeding lesion in children with BDD may originate from multiple different aortopulmonary collateral arteries,and the IPA should be considered to reduce missed diagnosis.CTA is a noninvasive radiological examination for the screening of suspected vessels,which shows a high coincidence with angiography,and can serve as the first choice for the diagnosis of BDD.展开更多
Acrylic bone cements are currently the most frequently and extensively used materials in orthopedic implant treatment. However, adverse effects have been described of acrylic bone cement on the cardiovascular system. ...Acrylic bone cements are currently the most frequently and extensively used materials in orthopedic implant treatment. However, adverse effects have been described of acrylic bone cement on the cardiovascular system. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxicity of bone cement ingredient methyl methacrylate（MMA） to cardiomyocytes and the potential detoxifying effect of pigment epithelium-derived factor（PEDF） in H9c2 cells.We found that high concentration of MM A（〉 120 mmol/L） led to necrotic cell death in H9c2 cells. However, MMA at low concentrations（30-90 mmol/L） caused apoptosis. Pretreatment of PEDF prevented MMA-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, PEDF enhanced total superoxide dismutase activities, and decreased MMA-induced production of malonaldehyde. Furthermore, MMA-induced downregulation of Akt activity was suppressed by PEDF.PEDF also increased the levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma（PPARγ）and lysophosphatidic acids（LPA） through PEDF receptor. These results indicated that PEDF inhibited MMA-induced cytotoxicity through attenuating oxidative stress, activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/Akt pathway and/or PEDF receptorLPA-PPARy pathways in H9c2 cells. PEDF may be explored as a candidate therapeutic agent for alleviating bone cement implantation syndrome during orthopedic surgery.展开更多
Metal-organic framework(MOF)-on-MOF structure allows stacking various types of MOFs with different lattice constants for molecule sieving or filtering.However,the multilayered MOFs-based optical devices have incoheren...Metal-organic framework(MOF)-on-MOF structure allows stacking various types of MOFs with different lattice constants for molecule sieving or filtering.However,the multilayered MOFs-based optical devices have incoherent interference due to the lattice-mismatch at the interface and refractive index(RI)indifference.This paper reports isostructural MOFs-based photonic crystals(PCs)designed by stacking Bragg bilayers of lattice-matched MOFs thin films through a layer-by-layer assembly method.Colloidal nanoparticles(NPs)were homogenously encapsulated in some layers of the MOFs(HKUST-1@NPs)to tune their intrinsic RI during the spraying coating process.The isostructural MOFs-based PCs were constructed on a large scale by sequentially spraying coating the low RI layer of HKUST-1 and high RI layer of HKUST-1@NPs to form the desired number of Bragg bilayers.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)depth profiling proved the Bragg bilayers and the homogenous encapsulation of nanomaterials in certain layers of MOFs.Bandwidth of the PCs was tailored by the thickness and RI of the Bragg bilayers,which had a great consistent with finite difference time domain(FDTD)simulation.Importantly,reflectivity of the isostructural MOFs-based PCs was up to 96%.We demonstrated high detection sensitivity for chemical sensing on the PCs,which could be advanced by encapsulating different types of nanomaterials and designing wide-band isostructural MOFs-based PCs.展开更多
Background Grassland conversion to cropland is a prevailing change of land use in traditionally nomadic areas,especially in the Mongolian Plateau.We investigated the effects of grassland conversion followed by continu...Background Grassland conversion to cropland is a prevailing change of land use in traditionally nomadic areas,especially in the Mongolian Plateau.We investigated the effects of grassland conversion followed by continuous cultivation on soil properties and microbial community characteristics in Horqin Sandy Land,a typical agro-pastoral transition zone of Northern China.Soil samples were collected from the topsoil(upper 20 cm)across a 60-year cultivation chronosequence(5,15,25,35 and 60 years)and unconverted native grassland.Soil physico-chemical properties were determined and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess microbial community diversity and composition.Results Grassland cultivation resulted in changes to soil properties in both the short and longer term.Initially,it significantly increased soil bulk density(BD),electrical conductivity(EC),soil total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)concentrations,while reducing soil water content(SWC)and soil organic carbon content(SOC).Over the next 35-55 years of continuous cultivation,the trend for most of these characteristics was of reversion towards values nearer to those of native grassland,except for SOC which remained highly depleted.Cultivation of grassland substantially altered soil microbial communities at phylum level but there was no significant difference in microbialα-diversity between native grassland and any cropland.However,soil bacterial and fungal community structures at phylum level in the croplands of all cultivation years were different from those in the native grasslands.Heatmaps further revealed that bacterial and fungal structures in cropland tended to become more similar to native grassland after 15 and 25 years of cultivation,respectively.Redundancy analysis indicated that SOC,EC and BD were primary determinants of microbial community composition and diversity.Conclusions These findings suggest that agricultural cultivation of grassland has considerable effects on soil fertility and microbial characteristics of Horqin Sandy Land.Intensive high-yield forage grass production is proposed as an alternative to avoid further native grassland reclamation,while meeting the grazing development needs in the ethnic minority settlements of eco-fragile regions.展开更多
In this Letter, we have shown that a giant Goos–H?nchen shift of a light beam reflected at terahertz frequencies can be achieved by using a composite structure, where monolayer graphene is coated on one-dimensional p...In this Letter, we have shown that a giant Goos–H?nchen shift of a light beam reflected at terahertz frequencies can be achieved by using a composite structure, where monolayer graphene is coated on one-dimensional photonic crystals separated by a dielectric slab. This giant Goos–H?nchen shift originates from the enhancement of the electrical field, owing to the excitation of optical Tamm states at the interface between the graphene and onedimensional photonic crystal. It is shown that the Goos–H?nchen shift in this structure can be significantly enlarged negatively and can be switched from negative to positive due to the tunability of graphene's conductivity. Moreover, the Goos–H?nchen shift of the proposed structure is sensitive to the relaxation time of graphene and the thickness of the top layer, making this structure a good candidate for a dynamic tunable optical shift device in the terahertz regime.展开更多
The optical Tamm state(OTS), which exists generally at the interface between metal and a dielectric Bragg mirror, has been studied extensively in the visible and near infrared spectra. Nevertheless, OTS in the teraher...The optical Tamm state(OTS), which exists generally at the interface between metal and a dielectric Bragg mirror, has been studied extensively in the visible and near infrared spectra. Nevertheless, OTS in the terahertz(THz) region normally receives far less attention. In this Letter, we demonstrate the physical mechanism of OTS at the interface between graphene and a dielectric Bragg mirror in the THz frequency band by applying the transfer matrix method and dispersion characteristics. Based on such mechanisms, we propose an efficient method that can precisely generate and control OTS at a desired angle and frequency. Moreover, we show that the OTS is dependent on the optical conductivity of graphene, making the graphene–dielectric-Bragg-mirror a good candidate for dynamic tunable OTS device in the THz frequency range.展开更多
基金Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province,China(202103021224156)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202788)+5 种基金Special Research Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University for High-level Talents,China(2021XG004)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Shanxi Agricultural University,China(2021BQ78)special fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province,China(202304051001041)?Shanxi Province Excellent Doctoral Work Award-Scientific Research Project,China(SXBYKY2021005,SXBYKY2021063,SXBYKY2022014)the Fund for Shanxi“1331 Project”,China(20211331-13)earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of Shanxi Province,China.
文摘The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus(AIV)is widely prevalent in poultry and wild birds globally,and has become the predominant subtype circulating in poultry in China.The H9N2 AIV can directly or indirectly(by serving as a"donor virus")infect humans,posing a significant threat to public health.Currently,there is a lack of in-depth research on the prevalence of H9N2 viruses in Shanxi Province,central China.In this study,we isolated 14 H9N2 AIVs from October 2020 to April 2022 in Shanxi Province,and genetic analysis revealed that these viruses belonged to 7 different genotypes.Our study on animals revealed that the H9N2 strains we identified displayed high transmission efficiency among chicken populations,and exhibited diverse replication abilities within these birds.These viruses could replicate efficiently in the lungs of mice,with one strain also demonstrating the capacity to reproduce in organs like the brain and kidneys.At the cellular level,the replication ability of different H9N2 strains was evaluated using plaque formation assays and multi-step growth curve assays,revealing significant differences in the replication and proliferation efficiency of the various H9N2 viruses at the cellular level.The antigenicity analysis suggested that these isolates could be classified into 2 separate antigenic clusters.Our research provides crucial data to help understand the prevalence and biological characteristics of H9N2 AIVs in central China.It also highlights the necessity of enhancing the surveillance of H9N2 AIVs.
基金The authors appreciate the support from the Zhe-jiang Province Lingyan Key R&D Project(No.2022C01177)the Zhejiang Administration for Market Regulation Eyas Program Cultiva-tion Project(No.CY2022355).
文摘Herein,a novel method for fl uorometric detection of soybean trypsin inhibitor(SBTI)activity based on a water-soluble poly(diphenylacetylene)derivative was reported.Fluorescence quenching of the polymer via p-nitroaniline,produced from the trypsin-catalyzed decomposition of N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-4-nitroanilide hydrochloride(L-BAPA),was well described using the Stern-Volmer equation.SBTI activity was quantitatively assessed based on changes in the fl uorescence intensity of the polymer.This strategy has several advantages,such as high sensitivity and ease of operation.Moreover,its applicability to other biochemical analyses is promising.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81701888Science-Technology Support Plan Projects of Sichuan Province,No.2019YFS0239 and No.2023YFS0206.
文摘BACKGROUND Bronchial Dieulafoy’s disease(BDD)is characterized by the erosion of an anomalous artery in the submucosa of the bronchus.The etiology of pediatric BDD is mainly congenital dysplasia of bronchus and pulmonary arteries,which is different from chronic inflammatory injury of the airway in adult patients.The internal thoracic artery,subclavian artery,and intercostal artery are known to be involved in the blood supply to the BDD lesion in children.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of BDD in a 4-year-old boy with recurrent hemoptysis for one year.Selective angiography showed a dilated right bronchial artery,and anastomosis of its branches with the right lower pulmonary vascular network.Bronchoscopy showed nodular protrusion of the bronchial mucosa with a local scar.Selective embolization of the bronchial artery was performed to stop bleeding.One month after the first intervention,the symptoms of hemoptysis recurred.A computed tomography angiogram(CTA)showed another tortuous and dilated feeding artery in the right lower lung,which was an abnormal ascending branch of the inferior phrenic artery(IPA).The results of angiography were consistent with the CTA findings.The IPA was found to be another main supplying artery,which was not considered during the first intervention.Finally,the IPA was also treated by microsphere embolization combined with coil interventional closure.During the one-year follow-up,the patient never experienced hemoptysis.CONCLUSION The supplying arteries of the bleeding lesion in children with BDD may originate from multiple different aortopulmonary collateral arteries,and the IPA should be considered to reduce missed diagnosis.CTA is a noninvasive radiological examination for the screening of suspected vessels,which shows a high coincidence with angiography,and can serve as the first choice for the diagnosis of BDD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81270173)Jiangsu government grant to study abroad(JS-2013-246)Xuzhou Science and Technology Projects(XZZD1329)
文摘Acrylic bone cements are currently the most frequently and extensively used materials in orthopedic implant treatment. However, adverse effects have been described of acrylic bone cement on the cardiovascular system. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxicity of bone cement ingredient methyl methacrylate（MMA） to cardiomyocytes and the potential detoxifying effect of pigment epithelium-derived factor（PEDF） in H9c2 cells.We found that high concentration of MM A（〉 120 mmol/L） led to necrotic cell death in H9c2 cells. However, MMA at low concentrations（30-90 mmol/L） caused apoptosis. Pretreatment of PEDF prevented MMA-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, PEDF enhanced total superoxide dismutase activities, and decreased MMA-induced production of malonaldehyde. Furthermore, MMA-induced downregulation of Akt activity was suppressed by PEDF.PEDF also increased the levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma（PPARγ）and lysophosphatidic acids（LPA） through PEDF receptor. These results indicated that PEDF inhibited MMA-induced cytotoxicity through attenuating oxidative stress, activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/Akt pathway and/or PEDF receptorLPA-PPARy pathways in H9c2 cells. PEDF may be explored as a candidate therapeutic agent for alleviating bone cement implantation syndrome during orthopedic surgery.
基金The authors declare no conflict of interest.The authors thank for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.52071270)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2021GY-232)+2 种基金the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU)(No.2022-QZ-04)Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.CX2022029)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3808600)。
文摘Metal-organic framework(MOF)-on-MOF structure allows stacking various types of MOFs with different lattice constants for molecule sieving or filtering.However,the multilayered MOFs-based optical devices have incoherent interference due to the lattice-mismatch at the interface and refractive index(RI)indifference.This paper reports isostructural MOFs-based photonic crystals(PCs)designed by stacking Bragg bilayers of lattice-matched MOFs thin films through a layer-by-layer assembly method.Colloidal nanoparticles(NPs)were homogenously encapsulated in some layers of the MOFs(HKUST-1@NPs)to tune their intrinsic RI during the spraying coating process.The isostructural MOFs-based PCs were constructed on a large scale by sequentially spraying coating the low RI layer of HKUST-1 and high RI layer of HKUST-1@NPs to form the desired number of Bragg bilayers.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)depth profiling proved the Bragg bilayers and the homogenous encapsulation of nanomaterials in certain layers of MOFs.Bandwidth of the PCs was tailored by the thickness and RI of the Bragg bilayers,which had a great consistent with finite difference time domain(FDTD)simulation.Importantly,reflectivity of the isostructural MOFs-based PCs was up to 96%.We demonstrated high detection sensitivity for chemical sensing on the PCs,which could be advanced by encapsulating different types of nanomaterials and designing wide-band isostructural MOFs-based PCs.
基金supported by Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Research and Development(2016YFC0500803)Foundation of Scientific Research of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(208010617009).
文摘Background Grassland conversion to cropland is a prevailing change of land use in traditionally nomadic areas,especially in the Mongolian Plateau.We investigated the effects of grassland conversion followed by continuous cultivation on soil properties and microbial community characteristics in Horqin Sandy Land,a typical agro-pastoral transition zone of Northern China.Soil samples were collected from the topsoil(upper 20 cm)across a 60-year cultivation chronosequence(5,15,25,35 and 60 years)and unconverted native grassland.Soil physico-chemical properties were determined and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess microbial community diversity and composition.Results Grassland cultivation resulted in changes to soil properties in both the short and longer term.Initially,it significantly increased soil bulk density(BD),electrical conductivity(EC),soil total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)concentrations,while reducing soil water content(SWC)and soil organic carbon content(SOC).Over the next 35-55 years of continuous cultivation,the trend for most of these characteristics was of reversion towards values nearer to those of native grassland,except for SOC which remained highly depleted.Cultivation of grassland substantially altered soil microbial communities at phylum level but there was no significant difference in microbialα-diversity between native grassland and any cropland.However,soil bacterial and fungal community structures at phylum level in the croplands of all cultivation years were different from those in the native grasslands.Heatmaps further revealed that bacterial and fungal structures in cropland tended to become more similar to native grassland after 15 and 25 years of cultivation,respectively.Redundancy analysis indicated that SOC,EC and BD were primary determinants of microbial community composition and diversity.Conclusions These findings suggest that agricultural cultivation of grassland has considerable effects on soil fertility and microbial characteristics of Horqin Sandy Land.Intensive high-yield forage grass production is proposed as an alternative to avoid further native grassland reclamation,while meeting the grazing development needs in the ethnic minority settlements of eco-fragile regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11704119,11647135,11474090,and 11704259)the Natural ScienceFoundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2018JJ3325,14JJ6007,and 2018JJ3557)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(Nos.17C0945,17B160,and 17B025)
文摘In this Letter, we have shown that a giant Goos–H?nchen shift of a light beam reflected at terahertz frequencies can be achieved by using a composite structure, where monolayer graphene is coated on one-dimensional photonic crystals separated by a dielectric slab. This giant Goos–H?nchen shift originates from the enhancement of the electrical field, owing to the excitation of optical Tamm states at the interface between the graphene and onedimensional photonic crystal. It is shown that the Goos–H?nchen shift in this structure can be significantly enlarged negatively and can be switched from negative to positive due to the tunability of graphene's conductivity. Moreover, the Goos–H?nchen shift of the proposed structure is sensitive to the relaxation time of graphene and the thickness of the top layer, making this structure a good candidate for a dynamic tunable optical shift device in the terahertz regime.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11704119,61505111,61575127,and 61490713)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2018JJ3325)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2015A030313549)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(No.2016B050501005)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(No.17C0945)
文摘The optical Tamm state(OTS), which exists generally at the interface between metal and a dielectric Bragg mirror, has been studied extensively in the visible and near infrared spectra. Nevertheless, OTS in the terahertz(THz) region normally receives far less attention. In this Letter, we demonstrate the physical mechanism of OTS at the interface between graphene and a dielectric Bragg mirror in the THz frequency band by applying the transfer matrix method and dispersion characteristics. Based on such mechanisms, we propose an efficient method that can precisely generate and control OTS at a desired angle and frequency. Moreover, we show that the OTS is dependent on the optical conductivity of graphene, making the graphene–dielectric-Bragg-mirror a good candidate for dynamic tunable OTS device in the THz frequency range.
