The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology...The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp regions.It uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.The SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in 2025.The European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar region.It has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry capabilities.Joint detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere.Therefore,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint detection.In addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.展开更多
The third paragraph in Sec.IV REGENERATIVE AMPLIFICATION erroneously states“In other words,the distribution of spectral components is time-dependent,and the spectral distortion in the amplification process will not c...The third paragraph in Sec.IV REGENERATIVE AMPLIFICATION erroneously states“In other words,the distribution of spectral components is time-dependent,and the spectral distortion in the amplification process will not change the time-domain shape.”展开更多
Broadband low-coherence light is considered to be an effective way to suppress laser plasma instability.Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of low-coherence laser facilities to reduce back-scattering during b...Broadband low-coherence light is considered to be an effective way to suppress laser plasma instability.Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of low-coherence laser facilities to reduce back-scattering during beam–target coupling.However,to ensure simultaneous low coherence and high energy,complex spectral modulation methods and amplification routes have to be adopted.In this work,we propose the use of a random fiber laser(RFL)as the seed source.The spectral features of this RFL can be carefully tailored to provide a good match with the gain characteristics of the laser amplification medium,thus enabling efficient amplification while maintaining low coherence.First,a theoretical model is constructed to give a comprehensive description of the output characteristics of the spectrum-tailored RFL,after which the designed RFL is experimentally realized as a seed source.Through precise pulse shaping and efficient regenerative amplification,a shaped random laser pulse output of 28 mJ is obtained,which is the first random laser system with megawatt-class peak power that is able to achieve low coherence and efficient spectrum-conformal regenerative amplification.展开更多
Monascus vinegar(MV) is a typical fermented food with various health-promoting effects. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MV in alleviating high-fat-diet-induced inflammation in rats with hyperlipidemia and elu...Monascus vinegar(MV) is a typical fermented food with various health-promoting effects. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MV in alleviating high-fat-diet-induced inflammation in rats with hyperlipidemia and elucidate the possible regulatory mechanisms. In the study, serum lipid profiles, liver pathology and liver inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in hyperlipidemia rats with MV(0.5 mL/kg mb, 2 mL/kg mb). Results showed that the administration of MV alleviated dyslipidemia by decreasing the serum and liver levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol. Increase in hepatic lipase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1(CPT-1)levels and decrease in hepatocyte steatosis, nephritis, and intestinal tissue injury in the HD group showed that high-dose MV can significantly suppress hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. In addition, compared with the model(MOD) group, the HD group showed significantly down-regulated the level of serum or hepatic alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), CPT-1, interleukin(IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12,and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α). Moreover, the HD group showed repressed hepatic nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) pathway and inactivated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) pathway mitigated liver inflammation. Similar results were obtained from cell experiments. Collectively, these findings revealed that MV might attenuate high-fat-diet-induced inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways.展开更多
Research has shown that the DNA molecule can not only store genetic information but also serve as a polymeric biomolecule for the fabrication of functional materials. The unique precise molecular recognition capabilit...Research has shown that the DNA molecule can not only store genetic information but also serve as a polymeric biomolecule for the fabrication of functional materials. The unique precise molecular recognition capability and sequence programmability, combined with its good biocompatibility and biodegradability, impart the DNA molecule considerable potential for use in the construction of multifunctional materials. Depending on the composition, DNA-based materials have been generally categorized into pure DNA materials that are entirely composed of DNA and hybrid DNA materials that are composed of DNA and other functional compositions. Recently, we have developed a series of DNA-based materials that can be applied in diagnosis and therapy, and this review summarizes the relative work. Although challenges still exist regarding the real applications of DNA-based materials such as the high cost of DNA, the difficulty in scale-up, and the low resistance to nuclease, we believe that these drawbacks will be overcome with the development of technology, and new opportunities will emerge in the fi eld of diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Ternary deep eutectic solvents(TDESs) comprising choline chloride(Ch Cl), glycerol and L-arginine were synthesized as catalysts and solvents for the conversion of D-glucosamine(GlcNH_(2)) into deoxyfructosazine(DOF). ...Ternary deep eutectic solvents(TDESs) comprising choline chloride(Ch Cl), glycerol and L-arginine were synthesized as catalysts and solvents for the conversion of D-glucosamine(GlcNH_(2)) into deoxyfructosazine(DOF). The interactions between these three components in the prepared TDESs were studied by ^(1)H-,^(35)Cl-NMR spectra and ^(1)H diffusion-ordered spectroscopy(DOSY) measurements. The chemical shift changes of active hydrogen in the ^(1)H-NMR spectra of TDES system and widening of signals in the^(35)Cl-NMR spectra confirmed the hydrogen bonding interaction between the components, which was further supported by the decrease of diffusion coefficients(D) of the TDES components according to ^(1)H DOSY measurements. The influences of reaction temperature and L-arginine content in the TDESs on the yield of DOF were also studied. The experimental results have shown that when the molar ratio of Ch Cl, glycerol, and L-arginine was 1:2:0.1, DOF was the major product with a yield of 22.6% at 90℃ for 120 min. The chemical shift titration indicated that the carboxyl group of L-arginine in the TDES is the catalytical active site, so the mechanism of the catalytic reaction between Glc NH_(2) and the TDES was proposed. Moreover, a reaction intermediate, dihydrofructosazine, was identified in the self-condensation reaction of Glc NH_(2) by an in situ ^(1)H NMR technique.展开更多
[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the responses of drought-resistant mutant vem1 to stress and clone VEM1 gene in Arabidopsis. [Method] A drought-resistant mutant vem1 was isolated from the Arabidopsis mutant...[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the responses of drought-resistant mutant vem1 to stress and clone VEM1 gene in Arabidopsis. [Method] A drought-resistant mutant vem1 was isolated from the Arabidopsis mutant pool. The germination rates of wild-type( WT) and mutant vem1 were detected to investigate the responses of mutant vem1 to mannitol,NaCl and ABA stress. [Result] The mutant vem1 was resistant to mannitol and NaCl stress but sensitive to ABA stress. VEM1 gene was cloned by Tail-PCR technology and sequenced. The sequencing result was submitted to NCBI for sequence alignment and gene mapping using BLAST. Database analysis suggested that VEM1 gene was a transposable element gene. [Conclusion]This study laid the foundation for functional analysis of drought-resistant gene VEM1.展开更多
By introducing the composition and modern pharmacology of Fuyang Huoxue Jiedu Formula,the paper further explored the mechanism and research progress of Fuyang Huoxue Jiedu Formula against recurrence of ulcerative coli...By introducing the composition and modern pharmacology of Fuyang Huoxue Jiedu Formula,the paper further explored the mechanism and research progress of Fuyang Huoxue Jiedu Formula against recurrence of ulcerative colitis(UC).The formula can effectively improve the TCM syndromes of UC patients,reduce the recurrence rate,and improve clinical efficacy and patients’quality of life.展开更多
The research literature,including the overview,clinical research and experimental research,about the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC)with Pulsatilla Decoction was reviewed in this paper in order to provide referenc...The research literature,including the overview,clinical research and experimental research,about the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC)with Pulsatilla Decoction was reviewed in this paper in order to provide reference for its development and application.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease.The disease is slow and easy to relapse.Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic treatment,which has certain side effects on liver and kidney ...Ulcerative colitis is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease.The disease is slow and easy to relapse.Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic treatment,which has certain side effects on liver and kidney function.Ulcerative colitis has unique advantages in disease,so by studying a large amount of information,mainly from the law of traditional Chinese medicine use of UC,and a brief summary of the treatment of TCM syndromes,this article provide s ideas and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.展开更多
In response to the reduction of food production and economic losses caused by plant bacterial diseases, it is necessary to develop new, efficient, and green pesticides. Natural products are rich and sustainable source...In response to the reduction of food production and economic losses caused by plant bacterial diseases, it is necessary to develop new, efficient, and green pesticides. Natural products are rich and sustainable source for the development of new pesticides due to their low toxicity, easy degradation, and eco-friendliness. In this study, we prepared three series of ursolic acid derivatives and assessed their antibacterial ability. Most target compounds exhibited outstanding antibacterial activities. Among them, the relative optimal EC50 values of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri were 2.23 (A17) and 1.39 (A16) μg·mL^(-1), respectively. The antimicrobial mechanism showed that compound A17 induced an excessive accumulation and production of reactive oxygen species in bacteria and damaged the cell membrane integrity to kill bacteria. More interestingly, the addition of low concentrations of exogenous hydrogen peroxide enhanced the antibacterial efficacy of compound A17 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. These entertaining results suggested that compound A17 induced an apparent apoptotic behavior in the tested bacteria. Overall, we developed the promising antimicrobial agents that destroyed the redox system of phytopathogenic bacteria, further demonstrating the unprecedented potential of ursolic acid for agricultural applications.展开更多
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes severe yield losses and seed quality reduction in soybean (Glycine max) production worldwide. Rsc4 from cultivar Dabaima is a dominant genetic locus for SMV resistance, and its mappin...Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes severe yield losses and seed quality reduction in soybean (Glycine max) production worldwide. Rsc4 from cultivar Dabaima is a dominant genetic locus for SMV resistance, and its mapping interval contains three Nucleotide-binding domain Leucine-rich Repeat containing (NLR) candidates (Rsc4-1, Rsc4-2, and Rsc4-3). The NLR-type resistant proteins were considered as important intracellular pathogen sensors in the previous studies. In this research, based on transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, we found that the longest transcript of Rsc4-3 is sufficient to induce resistance response to SMV;and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Rsc4-3 knockout in resistant cultivar Dabaima compromised the resistance. These indicate that Rsc4-3 confers resistance to SMV. Interestingly, Rsc4-3 encodes a cell wall localized NLR-type resistant protein (Rsc4-3). The internal polypeptide region responsible for apoplastic targeting of Rsc4-3 and the putative palmitoylation sites on the N-terminus are essential for the resistance response. Furthermore, we showed that viral-encoded cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein partially localizes to the cell wall and can interact with Rsc4-3. Virus-driven or transient expression of CI protein of avirulent SMV strains is enough to induce resistance response in the presence of Rsc4-3, suggesting that CI is the avirulent gene for Rsc4-3 mediated resistance. Our work exhibited a case of NLR recognizing virus in the apoplast and provided a simple and effective method for identifying resistant genes against SMV infection.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)often results in an inhibitory environment at the injury site.In our previous studies,transplantation of a scaffold combined with stem cells was proven to induce neural regeneration in animal mo...Spinal cord injury(SCI)often results in an inhibitory environment at the injury site.In our previous studies,transplantation of a scaffold combined with stem cells was proven to induce neural regeneration in animal models of complete SCI.Based on these preclinical studies,collagen scaffolds loaded with the patients’own bone marrow mononuclear cells or human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted into SCI patients.Fifteen patients with acute complete SCI and 51 patients with chronic complete SCI were enrolled and followed up for 2 to 5 years.No serious adverse events related to functional scaffold transplantation were observed.Among the patients with acute SCI,five patients achieved expansion of their sensory positions and six patients recovered sensation in the bowel or bladder.Additionally,four patients regained voluntary walking ability accompanied by reconnection of neural signal transduction.Among patients with chronic SCI,16 patients achieved expansion of their sensation level and 30 patients experienced enhanced reflexive defecation sensation or increased skin sweating below the injury site.Nearly half of the patients with chronic cervical SCI developed enhanced finger activity.These long-term follow-up results suggest that functional scaffold transplantation may represent a feasible treatment for patients with complete SCI.展开更多
IF1(ATPIF1) is a nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial protein whose activity is inhibition of the F1Fo-ATP synthase to control ATP production.IF1 activity remains unknown in the regulation of GLP-1 activity.In this study...IF1(ATPIF1) is a nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial protein whose activity is inhibition of the F1Fo-ATP synthase to control ATP production.IF1 activity remains unknown in the regulation of GLP-1 activity.In this study,IF1 was examined in the diet-induced obese mice using the gene knockout(If1-KO) mice.The mice gained more body weight on a high fat diet without a change in food intake.Insulin tolerance was impaired,but the oral glucose tolerance was improved through an increase in GLP-1 secretion.The KO mice exhibited an improved intestine structure,mitochondrial superstructure,enhanced mitophagy,reduced apoptosis and decreased adenine nucleotide translocase 2(ANT2) protein in the intestinal epithelial cells together with preserved gut microbiota.The data suggest that GLP-1 secretion was enhanced in the obese If1-KO mice to preserve glucose tolerance through a signaling pathway of ANT2/mitochondria/L-cells/GLP-1/insulin.IF1 is a potential mitochondrial target for induction of GLP-1 secretion in L-cells.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)is the most serious form of leishmaniasis.In recent years,reported cases of VL have been gradually increasing in Shanxi Province,China.What is a...Summary What is already known about this topic?Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)is the most serious form of leishmaniasis.In recent years,reported cases of VL have been gradually increasing in Shanxi Province,China.What is added by this report?The report describes the epidemiology of VL from 1950 to 2019 in Shanxi Province and the recent trend of VL reemergence.What are the implications for public health practice?Measures to prevent and control VL,such as health education,improving clinical diagnostics,strengthening epidemiological investigation capacity for VL cases,monitoring surveillance,and use of other evidence-based preventive measures,should be undertaken in Shanxi Province.展开更多
Background:Through long-term research on Huangjiu fermentation,it has been found that the quality of Huangjiu is closely associated with Chinese 24-solar term.Therefore,this study was conducted to explore the characte...Background:Through long-term research on Huangjiu fermentation,it has been found that the quality of Huangjiu is closely associated with Chinese 24-solar term.Therefore,this study was conducted to explore the characteristic and property index differences of Huangjiu,such as aroma and flavor profile,and physicochemical properties—brewed in different solar terms by choosing five representative fermentation times of Shaoxing Huangjiu.Results:Huangjiu samples in the current study all met the national standards of traditional semi-dry Huangjiu.There are significant differences in physicochemical properties such as acidity and amino nitrogen among different solar-term groups.Forty three detected volatiles were applied by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis analyses to differentiate the main factors.Volatiles mainly loaded to four principal components,which accounted for 86.5%.Nineteen volatiles were discriminated to significantly differentiate solar-term groups.Odor activity values(OAV)analysis found 14 compounds with OAV>1,while correlation analysis between volatiles and the outcomes of sensory evaluation displayed the various properties of Huangjiu on aroma and flavor due to the various combinations of volatiles,reducing sugar,acidity and amino nitrogen.After a national wine inspector evaluated and scored Huangjiu fermented in different solar terms,Huangjiu brewed in Winter Solstice exhibited the highest performance,with a score of 91.0,and praised as a kind of gold medal product.Conclusion:The methodology of this study can help to produce more types of appealing flavor and aroma of alcoholic beverages to consumers,build varietal Huangjiu or other alcoholic beverages through fermenting guidance by solar term,and even expand the applications of the traditional Chinese 24-solar term.展开更多
基金supported by the Stable-Support Scientific Project of the China Research Institute of Radio-wave Propagation(Grant No.A13XXXXWXX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42174210,4207202,and 42188101)the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA15014800)。
文摘The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp regions.It uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.The SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in 2025.The European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar region.It has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry capabilities.Joint detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere.Therefore,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint detection.In addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.
文摘The third paragraph in Sec.IV REGENERATIVE AMPLIFICATION erroneously states“In other words,the distribution of spectral components is time-dependent,and the spectral distortion in the amplification process will not change the time-domain shape.”
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62075030,62075201,and 11904339)the Sichuan Provincial Project for Outstanding Young Scholars in Science and Technology(Grant No.2020JDJQ0024)。
文摘Broadband low-coherence light is considered to be an effective way to suppress laser plasma instability.Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of low-coherence laser facilities to reduce back-scattering during beam–target coupling.However,to ensure simultaneous low coherence and high energy,complex spectral modulation methods and amplification routes have to be adopted.In this work,we propose the use of a random fiber laser(RFL)as the seed source.The spectral features of this RFL can be carefully tailored to provide a good match with the gain characteristics of the laser amplification medium,thus enabling efficient amplification while maintaining low coherence.First,a theoretical model is constructed to give a comprehensive description of the output characteristics of the spectrum-tailored RFL,after which the designed RFL is experimentally realized as a seed source.Through precise pulse shaping and efficient regenerative amplification,a shaped random laser pulse output of 28 mJ is obtained,which is the first random laser system with megawatt-class peak power that is able to achieve low coherence and efficient spectrum-conformal regenerative amplification.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0400505)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81600126)+1 种基金the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission (TD13-5013)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2019YYSP011) the Tianjin Graduate Research Innovation Project (2020YJSB132)。
文摘Monascus vinegar(MV) is a typical fermented food with various health-promoting effects. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MV in alleviating high-fat-diet-induced inflammation in rats with hyperlipidemia and elucidate the possible regulatory mechanisms. In the study, serum lipid profiles, liver pathology and liver inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in hyperlipidemia rats with MV(0.5 mL/kg mb, 2 mL/kg mb). Results showed that the administration of MV alleviated dyslipidemia by decreasing the serum and liver levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol. Increase in hepatic lipase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1(CPT-1)levels and decrease in hepatocyte steatosis, nephritis, and intestinal tissue injury in the HD group showed that high-dose MV can significantly suppress hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. In addition, compared with the model(MOD) group, the HD group showed significantly down-regulated the level of serum or hepatic alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), CPT-1, interleukin(IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12,and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α). Moreover, the HD group showed repressed hepatic nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) pathway and inactivated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) pathway mitigated liver inflammation. Similar results were obtained from cell experiments. Collectively, these findings revealed that MV might attenuate high-fat-diet-induced inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21575101, 21622404, and 21621004)
文摘Research has shown that the DNA molecule can not only store genetic information but also serve as a polymeric biomolecule for the fabrication of functional materials. The unique precise molecular recognition capability and sequence programmability, combined with its good biocompatibility and biodegradability, impart the DNA molecule considerable potential for use in the construction of multifunctional materials. Depending on the composition, DNA-based materials have been generally categorized into pure DNA materials that are entirely composed of DNA and hybrid DNA materials that are composed of DNA and other functional compositions. Recently, we have developed a series of DNA-based materials that can be applied in diagnosis and therapy, and this review summarizes the relative work. Although challenges still exist regarding the real applications of DNA-based materials such as the high cost of DNA, the difficulty in scale-up, and the low resistance to nuclease, we believe that these drawbacks will be overcome with the development of technology, and new opportunities will emerge in the fi eld of diagnosis and treatment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1710106,U1810111)the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(international cooperation)(201703D421041)for financial support。
文摘Ternary deep eutectic solvents(TDESs) comprising choline chloride(Ch Cl), glycerol and L-arginine were synthesized as catalysts and solvents for the conversion of D-glucosamine(GlcNH_(2)) into deoxyfructosazine(DOF). The interactions between these three components in the prepared TDESs were studied by ^(1)H-,^(35)Cl-NMR spectra and ^(1)H diffusion-ordered spectroscopy(DOSY) measurements. The chemical shift changes of active hydrogen in the ^(1)H-NMR spectra of TDES system and widening of signals in the^(35)Cl-NMR spectra confirmed the hydrogen bonding interaction between the components, which was further supported by the decrease of diffusion coefficients(D) of the TDES components according to ^(1)H DOSY measurements. The influences of reaction temperature and L-arginine content in the TDESs on the yield of DOF were also studied. The experimental results have shown that when the molar ratio of Ch Cl, glycerol, and L-arginine was 1:2:0.1, DOF was the major product with a yield of 22.6% at 90℃ for 120 min. The chemical shift titration indicated that the carboxyl group of L-arginine in the TDES is the catalytical active site, so the mechanism of the catalytic reaction between Glc NH_(2) and the TDES was proposed. Moreover, a reaction intermediate, dihydrofructosazine, was identified in the self-condensation reaction of Glc NH_(2) by an in situ ^(1)H NMR technique.
基金Supported by Key Project of Natural Science from the Education Department of Anhui Province(KJ2011ZD08)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1208085MC47)National Innovation Training Program for College Students of China(201210359061)
文摘[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the responses of drought-resistant mutant vem1 to stress and clone VEM1 gene in Arabidopsis. [Method] A drought-resistant mutant vem1 was isolated from the Arabidopsis mutant pool. The germination rates of wild-type( WT) and mutant vem1 were detected to investigate the responses of mutant vem1 to mannitol,NaCl and ABA stress. [Result] The mutant vem1 was resistant to mannitol and NaCl stress but sensitive to ABA stress. VEM1 gene was cloned by Tail-PCR technology and sequenced. The sequencing result was submitted to NCBI for sequence alignment and gene mapping using BLAST. Database analysis suggested that VEM1 gene was a transposable element gene. [Conclusion]This study laid the foundation for functional analysis of drought-resistant gene VEM1.
基金Research Project of Shaanxi Science and Technology Department(2018SF-320)Project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2019-ZZ-LC001)。
文摘By introducing the composition and modern pharmacology of Fuyang Huoxue Jiedu Formula,the paper further explored the mechanism and research progress of Fuyang Huoxue Jiedu Formula against recurrence of ulcerative colitis(UC).The formula can effectively improve the TCM syndromes of UC patients,reduce the recurrence rate,and improve clinical efficacy and patients’quality of life.
文摘The research literature,including the overview,clinical research and experimental research,about the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC)with Pulsatilla Decoction was reviewed in this paper in order to provide reference for its development and application.
基金Based on Th17/Treg immune network,the mechanism of action and clinical efficacy evaluation of Fuyang Huoxue Jiedu Decoction against recurrence of ulcerative colitis were studied。
文摘Ulcerative colitis is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease.The disease is slow and easy to relapse.Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic treatment,which has certain side effects on liver and kidney function.Ulcerative colitis has unique advantages in disease,so by studying a large amount of information,mainly from the law of traditional Chinese medicine use of UC,and a brief summary of the treatment of TCM syndromes,this article provide s ideas and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
基金the supports from National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1700300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21877021,32160661,32202359)+2 种基金the Guizhou Provincial S&T Project(Grant No.2018[4007])the Guizhou Province(Qianjiaohe KY number(2020)004)Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China(D20023,111 Program).
文摘In response to the reduction of food production and economic losses caused by plant bacterial diseases, it is necessary to develop new, efficient, and green pesticides. Natural products are rich and sustainable source for the development of new pesticides due to their low toxicity, easy degradation, and eco-friendliness. In this study, we prepared three series of ursolic acid derivatives and assessed their antibacterial ability. Most target compounds exhibited outstanding antibacterial activities. Among them, the relative optimal EC50 values of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri were 2.23 (A17) and 1.39 (A16) μg·mL^(-1), respectively. The antimicrobial mechanism showed that compound A17 induced an excessive accumulation and production of reactive oxygen species in bacteria and damaged the cell membrane integrity to kill bacteria. More interestingly, the addition of low concentrations of exogenous hydrogen peroxide enhanced the antibacterial efficacy of compound A17 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. These entertaining results suggested that compound A17 induced an apparent apoptotic behavior in the tested bacteria. Overall, we developed the promising antimicrobial agents that destroyed the redox system of phytopathogenic bacteria, further demonstrating the unprecedented potential of ursolic acid for agricultural applications.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571690,31770164)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYT201801)+3 种基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT_17R55)the National Soybean Industrial Technology System of China(CARS-004)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP),the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0101501)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20180039).
文摘Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes severe yield losses and seed quality reduction in soybean (Glycine max) production worldwide. Rsc4 from cultivar Dabaima is a dominant genetic locus for SMV resistance, and its mapping interval contains three Nucleotide-binding domain Leucine-rich Repeat containing (NLR) candidates (Rsc4-1, Rsc4-2, and Rsc4-3). The NLR-type resistant proteins were considered as important intracellular pathogen sensors in the previous studies. In this research, based on transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, we found that the longest transcript of Rsc4-3 is sufficient to induce resistance response to SMV;and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Rsc4-3 knockout in resistant cultivar Dabaima compromised the resistance. These indicate that Rsc4-3 confers resistance to SMV. Interestingly, Rsc4-3 encodes a cell wall localized NLR-type resistant protein (Rsc4-3). The internal polypeptide region responsible for apoplastic targeting of Rsc4-3 and the putative palmitoylation sites on the N-terminus are essential for the resistance response. Furthermore, we showed that viral-encoded cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein partially localizes to the cell wall and can interact with Rsc4-3. Virus-driven or transient expression of CI protein of avirulent SMV strains is enough to induce resistance response in the presence of Rsc4-3, suggesting that CI is the avirulent gene for Rsc4-3 mediated resistance. Our work exhibited a case of NLR recognizing virus in the apoplast and provided a simple and effective method for identifying resistant genes against SMV infection.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81891000)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1101504 and2016YFC1101505)。
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)often results in an inhibitory environment at the injury site.In our previous studies,transplantation of a scaffold combined with stem cells was proven to induce neural regeneration in animal models of complete SCI.Based on these preclinical studies,collagen scaffolds loaded with the patients’own bone marrow mononuclear cells or human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted into SCI patients.Fifteen patients with acute complete SCI and 51 patients with chronic complete SCI were enrolled and followed up for 2 to 5 years.No serious adverse events related to functional scaffold transplantation were observed.Among the patients with acute SCI,five patients achieved expansion of their sensory positions and six patients recovered sensation in the bowel or bladder.Additionally,four patients regained voluntary walking ability accompanied by reconnection of neural signal transduction.Among patients with chronic SCI,16 patients achieved expansion of their sensation level and 30 patients experienced enhanced reflexive defecation sensation or increased skin sweating below the injury site.Nearly half of the patients with chronic cervical SCI developed enhanced finger activity.These long-term follow-up results suggest that functional scaffold transplantation may represent a feasible treatment for patients with complete SCI.
基金funded by a project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0800603)to Jianping Yethe 111 Project(D20036,China)to Hui Wang+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation-Henan Union grant of China(U1901131)to Genshen Zhongthe Training Program for Excellent Young Teachers in Higher Education of Henan Province(2017GGJS110,China)to Xiwen Xiongthe Health Commission of Henan Province(LHGJ20190497,China)to Yaya Guan。
文摘IF1(ATPIF1) is a nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial protein whose activity is inhibition of the F1Fo-ATP synthase to control ATP production.IF1 activity remains unknown in the regulation of GLP-1 activity.In this study,IF1 was examined in the diet-induced obese mice using the gene knockout(If1-KO) mice.The mice gained more body weight on a high fat diet without a change in food intake.Insulin tolerance was impaired,but the oral glucose tolerance was improved through an increase in GLP-1 secretion.The KO mice exhibited an improved intestine structure,mitochondrial superstructure,enhanced mitophagy,reduced apoptosis and decreased adenine nucleotide translocase 2(ANT2) protein in the intestinal epithelial cells together with preserved gut microbiota.The data suggest that GLP-1 secretion was enhanced in the obese If1-KO mice to preserve glucose tolerance through a signaling pathway of ANT2/mitochondria/L-cells/GLP-1/insulin.IF1 is a potential mitochondrial target for induction of GLP-1 secretion in L-cells.
基金the China Mega-Project on Infectious Disease Prevention(No.2018ZX10713001).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)is the most serious form of leishmaniasis.In recent years,reported cases of VL have been gradually increasing in Shanxi Province,China.What is added by this report?The report describes the epidemiology of VL from 1950 to 2019 in Shanxi Province and the recent trend of VL reemergence.What are the implications for public health practice?Measures to prevent and control VL,such as health education,improving clinical diagnostics,strengthening epidemiological investigation capacity for VL cases,monitoring surveillance,and use of other evidence-based preventive measures,should be undertaken in Shanxi Province.
基金supported by the Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province Project(L20200079),China.
文摘Background:Through long-term research on Huangjiu fermentation,it has been found that the quality of Huangjiu is closely associated with Chinese 24-solar term.Therefore,this study was conducted to explore the characteristic and property index differences of Huangjiu,such as aroma and flavor profile,and physicochemical properties—brewed in different solar terms by choosing five representative fermentation times of Shaoxing Huangjiu.Results:Huangjiu samples in the current study all met the national standards of traditional semi-dry Huangjiu.There are significant differences in physicochemical properties such as acidity and amino nitrogen among different solar-term groups.Forty three detected volatiles were applied by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis analyses to differentiate the main factors.Volatiles mainly loaded to four principal components,which accounted for 86.5%.Nineteen volatiles were discriminated to significantly differentiate solar-term groups.Odor activity values(OAV)analysis found 14 compounds with OAV>1,while correlation analysis between volatiles and the outcomes of sensory evaluation displayed the various properties of Huangjiu on aroma and flavor due to the various combinations of volatiles,reducing sugar,acidity and amino nitrogen.After a national wine inspector evaluated and scored Huangjiu fermented in different solar terms,Huangjiu brewed in Winter Solstice exhibited the highest performance,with a score of 91.0,and praised as a kind of gold medal product.Conclusion:The methodology of this study can help to produce more types of appealing flavor and aroma of alcoholic beverages to consumers,build varietal Huangjiu or other alcoholic beverages through fermenting guidance by solar term,and even expand the applications of the traditional Chinese 24-solar term.
