Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on...Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on the inhibitory effect of the extract of millet bran protein(EMBP)on a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced Met S,aiming to identify gut microbiota and their metabolites that involve in the anti-Met S activity of EMBP.The obesity,chronic inflammation,insulin resistance in Met S mouse models were abolished after EMBP treatment.The protective mechanism of EMBP against HFD-induced Met S may depend on improved gut barrier function.Using microbiome analysis,we found that EMBP supplementation improved gut microbiome dysbiosis in Met S mice,specifically upregulating Bacteroides acidifaciens.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)also demonstrated this phenomenon.In addition,metabolomic analysis showed that EMBP mediates metabolic profiling reprogramming in Met S mice.Notably,a microbiota-derived metabolite,gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),is enriched by EMBP.In addition,exogenous GABA treatment produced a similar protective effect to EMBP by improving NRF2-dependent gut barrier function to protect HFDinduced Met S.The results suggest that EMBP suppress host Met S by remodeling of gut microbiota as an effective candidate for next-generation medicine food dual purpose dietary supplement to intervene in MetS.展开更多
Postharvest waste and loss of horticultural crops exacerbates the agricultural problems facing humankind and will continue to do so in the next decade.Fruits and vegetables provide us with a vast spectrum of healthful...Postharvest waste and loss of horticultural crops exacerbates the agricultural problems facing humankind and will continue to do so in the next decade.Fruits and vegetables provide us with a vast spectrum of healthful nutrients,and along with ornamentals,enrich our lives with a wide array of pleasant sensory experiences.These commodities are,however,highly perishable.Approximately 33%of the produce that is harvested is never consumed since these products naturally have a short shelf-life,which leads to postharvest loss and waste.This loss,however,could be reduced by breeding new crops that retain desirable traits and accrue less damage over the course of long supply chains.New gene-editing tools promise the rapid and inexpensive production of new varieties of crops with enhanced traits more easily than was previously possible.Our aim in this review is to critically evaluate gene editing as a tool to modify the biological pathways that determine fruit,vegetable,and ornamental quality,especially after storage.We provide brief and accessible overviews of both the CRISPR-Cas9 method and the produce supply chain.Next,we survey the literature of the last 30 years,to catalog genes that control or regulate quality or senescence traits that are"ripe"for gene editing.Finally,we discuss barriers to implementing gene editing for postharvest,from the limitations of experimental methods to international policy.We conclude that in spite of the hurdles that remain,gene editing of produce and ornamentals will likely have a measurable impact on reducing postharvest loss and waste in the next 5-10 years.展开更多
The SnO2 spheres-like nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by a microwave solvothermal method, in which SnCl2·2H2O, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) PVP, H2O2 and NaOH as raw materials. The as-synthesized produ...The SnO2 spheres-like nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by a microwave solvothermal method, in which SnCl2·2H2O, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) PVP, H2O2 and NaOH as raw materials. The as-synthesized products have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer. Photocatalytic activities of the samples have been evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under UV-light illumination. Results showed that these products with diameter about 1 - 2 μm, and when the reaction time prolong, the surface of the SnO2 spheres will change to rough and then smooth when the time even longer. The product with nanorods on its surface shows the higher photocatalytic activity and red shift in the UV-vis absorption, which are relative to the unique structure. At last we studied the electron transfer reactions during photo-oxidation of RhB.展开更多
Imaging the charge distributions and structures of molecules and clusters will promote the understanding of the dynamics of the quantum system.Here,we report a method by using an Ar atom as a tip to probe the charge d...Imaging the charge distributions and structures of molecules and clusters will promote the understanding of the dynamics of the quantum system.Here,we report a method by using an Ar atom as a tip to probe the charge distributions of benzene(Bz)cations in gas phase.Remarkably,the measured charge distributions of Bz^(+)(δ_(H)=0.204,δ_(C)=-0.037)and Bz^(2+)(δ_(H)=0.248,δ_(C)=0.0853)agree well with the calculated Mulliken distributions,and the structures of Bz2 is reconstructed by using the measured charge distributions.The structures of two Bz2isomers(T-shaped and PD isomers)can be resolved from the measured inter-molecular potential V(R)between two Bz ions,and the structures of Bz dimer agree well with the theoretical predictions.展开更多
Methylation of 16S rRNA is an important mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance among gram-negative pathogens. In this report, 16S rRNA methylase genes were amplified using PCR among gram-negative bacillus isolates fro...Methylation of 16S rRNA is an important mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance among gram-negative pathogens. In this report, 16S rRNA methylase genes were amplified using PCR among gram-negative bacillus isolates from hospitals in the Changchun area of China and 16S rRNA methylase genotypes (armA, rmtB, rmtA, rmtC, rmtD, and npmA) were identified by direct sequencing. Fifty of the isolates (43.1%) harbored 16S rRNA methylase genes. The common 16S rRNA methylase genes were armA and rmtB (12.1% and 31.0%, respectively), whereas the rmtA, rmtC, rmtD, and npmA genes were absent from the sample. It suggests that the predominant 16S rRNA methylase genes among gramnegative bacilli in the Changchun area are armA and rmtB.展开更多
Lung cancer is the second most common and the deadliest type of cancer worldwide.Clinically,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is the most com-mon pathological type of lung cancer;approximately one-third of affected pat...Lung cancer is the second most common and the deadliest type of cancer worldwide.Clinically,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is the most com-mon pathological type of lung cancer;approximately one-third of affected patients have locally advanced NSCLC(LA-NSCLC,stage III NSCLC)at diag-nosis.Because of its heterogeneity,LA-NSCLC often requires multidisciplinary assessment.Moreover,the prognosis of affected patients is much below satisfac-tion,and the efficacy of traditional therapeutic strategies has reached a plateau.With the emergence of targeted therapies and immunotherapies,as well as the continuous development of novel radiotherapies,we have entered an era of novel treatment paradigm for LA-NSCLC.Here,we reviewed the landscape of relevant therapeutic modalities,including adjuvant,neoadjuvant,and periop-erative targeted and immune strategies in patients with resectable LA-NSCLC with/without oncogenic alterations;as well as novel combinations of chemora-diation and immunotherapy/targeted therapy in unresectable LA-NSCLC.We addressed the unresolved challenges that remain in the field,and examined future directions to optimize clinical management and increase the cure rate of LA-NSCLC.展开更多
Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)has been developed as an essential quantitative contrast for chemical imaging in recent years.However,while spectral lines near the natural linewidth limit can be routinely achieved by ...Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)has been developed as an essential quantitative contrast for chemical imaging in recent years.However,while spectral lines near the natural linewidth limit can be routinely achieved by state-of-the-art spontaneous Raman microscopes,spectral broadening is inevitable for current mainstream SRS imaging methods.This is because those SRS signals are all measured in the frequency domain.There is a compromise between sensitivity and spectral resolution:as the nonlinear process benefits from pulsed excitations,the fundamental time-energy uncertainty limits the spectral resolution.Besides,the spectral range and acquisition speed are mutually restricted.Here we report transient stimulated Raman scattering(T-SRS),an alternative time-domain strategy that bypasses all these fundamental conjugations.T-SRS is achieved by quantum coherence manipulation:we encode the vibrational oscillations in the stimulated Raman loss(SRL)signal by femtosecond pulse-pair sequence excited vibrational wave packet interference.The Raman spectrum was then achieved by Fourier transform of the time-domain SRL signal.Since all Raman modes are impulsively and simultaneously excited,T-SRS features the natural-linewidth-limit spectral line shapes,laser-bandwidth-determined spectral range,and improved sensitivity.With~150-fs laser pulses,we boost the sensitivity of typical Raman modes to the sub-mM level.With all-plane-mirror high-speed time-delay scanning,we further demonstrated hyperspectral SRS imaging of live-cell metabolism and high-density multiplexed imaging with the natural-linewidth-limit spectral resolution.T-SRS shall find valuable applications for advanced Raman imaging.展开更多
The high-affinity potassium transporters(HKTs),selectively permeable to either Na^(+)alone or Na^(+)/K^(+),play pivotal roles in maintaining plant Na^(+)/K^(+)homeostasis.Although their involvement in salt tolerance i...The high-affinity potassium transporters(HKTs),selectively permeable to either Na^(+)alone or Na^(+)/K^(+),play pivotal roles in maintaining plant Na^(+)/K^(+)homeostasis.Although their involvement in salt tolerance is widely reported,the molecular underpinnings of Oryza sativa HKTs remain elusive.In this study,we elucidate the structures of OsHKT1;1 and OsHKT2;1,representing two distinct classes of rice HKTs.The dimeric assembled OsHKTs can be structurally divided into four domains.At the dimer interface,a half-helix or a loop in the third domain is coordinated by the C-terminal region of the opposite subunit.Additionally,we present the structures of OsHKT1;5 salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive variants,a key quantitative trait locus associated with salt tolerance.The salt-tolerant variant of OsHKT1;5 exhibits enhanced Na^(+)transport capability and displays a more flexible conformation.These findings shed light on the molecular basis of rice HKTs and provide insights into their role in salt tolerance.展开更多
Dear Editor,By using cryo-electron microscopy and electrophysiology,this study characterizes the structural and functional dynamics of the K+outward-rectifying channel SKOR in Arabidopsis and the structural changes as...Dear Editor,By using cryo-electron microscopy and electrophysiology,this study characterizes the structural and functional dynamics of the K+outward-rectifying channel SKOR in Arabidopsis and the structural changes associated with a double mutation that transforms SKOR into an inward-rectifying K+channel,SKDM.These findings have implications for understanding and manipulating crop K+nutrition.展开更多
The phase summation effect in sum-frequency mixing process is utilized to avoid a nonlinearity obstacle in the power scaling of single-frequency visible or ultraviolet lasers.Two single-frequency fundamental lasers ar...The phase summation effect in sum-frequency mixing process is utilized to avoid a nonlinearity obstacle in the power scaling of single-frequency visible or ultraviolet lasers.Two single-frequency fundamental lasers are spectrally broadened by phase modulation to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber amplifier and achieve higher power.After sum-frequency mixing in a nonlinear optical crystal,the upconverted laser returns to single frequency due to phase summation,when the phase modulations on two fundamental lasers have a similar amplitude but opposite sign.The method was experimentally proved in a Raman fiber amplifier-based laser system,which generated a power-scalable sideband-free single-frequency 590 nm laser.The proposal manifests the importance of phase operation in wave-mixing processes for precision laser technology.展开更多
Developing cost-effective and high-efficiency oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts is imperative for promoting the substantial progress of fuel cells and metal-air batteries.The coordination and geometric engineeri...Developing cost-effective and high-efficiency oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts is imperative for promoting the substantial progress of fuel cells and metal-air batteries.The coordination and geometric engineering of single-atom catalysts(SACs)occurred the promising approach to overcome the thermodynamics and kinetics problems in high-efficiency electrocatalysis.Herein,we rationally constructed atomically dispersed Co atoms on porous N-enriched graphene material C_(2)N(CoSA-C2N)for efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Systematic characterizations demonstrated the active sites for CoSA-C2N is as identified as coordinatively unsaturated Co-N_(2)moiety,which exhibits ORR intrinsic activity.Structurally,the porous N-enriched graphene framework in C_(2)N could effectively increase the accessibility to the active sites and promote mass transfer rate,contributing to improved ORR kinetics.Consequently,CoSA-C_(2)N exhibited superior ORR performance in both acidic and alkaline conditions as well as impressive long-term durability.The coordination and geometric engineering of SACs will provide a novel approach to advanced catalysts for energy related applications.展开更多
In eukaryotes,protein phosphorylation is specifically catalyzed by numerous protein kinases(PKs),faithfully orchestrates various biological processes,and reversibly determines cellular dynamics and plasticity.Here we ...In eukaryotes,protein phosphorylation is specifically catalyzed by numerous protein kinases(PKs),faithfully orchestrates various biological processes,and reversibly determines cellular dynamics and plasticity.Here we report an updated algorithm of Group-based Prediction System(GPS)5.0 to improve the performance for predicting kinase-specific phosphorylation sites(p-sites).Two novel methods,position weight determination(PWD)and scoring matrix optimization(SMO),were developed.Compared with other existing tools,GPS 5.0 exhibits a highly competitive accuracy.Besides serine/threonine or tyrosine kinases,GPS 5.0 also supports the prediction of dual-specificity kinase-specific p-sites.In the classical module of GPS 5.0,617 individual predictors were constructed for predicting p-sites of 479 human PKs.To extend the application of GPS5.0,a species-specific module was implemented to predict kinase-specific p-sites for 44,795 PKs in161 eukaryotes.The online service and local packages of GPS 5.0 are freely available for academic research at http://gps.biocuckoo.cn.展开更多
Establishment of the primordial follicle(PF)pool is pivotal for the female reproductive lifespan;however,the mechanism of primordial folliculogenesis is poorly understood.Here,the transcription factor SP1 was shown to...Establishment of the primordial follicle(PF)pool is pivotal for the female reproductive lifespan;however,the mechanism of primordial folliculogenesis is poorly understood.Here,the transcription factor SP1 was shown to be essential for PF formation in mice.Our results showed that SP1 is present in both oocytes and somatic cells during PF formation in the ovary.Knockdown of Sp1 expression,especially in pregranulosa cells,significantly suppressed nest breakdown,oocyte apoptosis,and PF formation,suggesting that SP1 expressed by somatic cells functions in the process of primordial folliculogenesis.We further demonstrated that SP1 governs the recruitment and maintenance of Forkhead box L2-positive(FOXL2^+)pregranulosa cells using an Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreER^T2(Lgr5-KI)reporter mouse model and a FOXL2^+ cell-specific knockdown model.At the molecular level,SP1 functioned mainly through manipulation of NOTCH2 expression by binding directly to the promoter of the Notch2 gene.Finally,consistent with the critical role of granulosa cells in follicle survival in vitro,massive loss of oocytes in SP1 knockdown ovaries was evidenced before puberty after the ovaries were tranSP1anted under the renal capsules.Conclusively,our results reveal that SP1 controls the establishment of the ovarian reserve by regulating pregranulosa cell development in the mammalian ovary.展开更多
Plastic film is an important resource in agricultural production,but it takes hundreds of years to degrade completely in natural environment.The large-scale use of plastic film will inevitably lead to serious environm...Plastic film is an important resource in agricultural production,but it takes hundreds of years to degrade completely in natural environment.The large-scale use of plastic film will inevitably lead to serious environmental pollution.One way to solve the problem is to develop a substitutable mulching film,such as a biodegradable film that can ultimately be decomposed to water,carbon dioxide,and soil organic matter by micro-organisms.In this study,a 2-year experiment was conducted to determine the degradation properties of a biodegradable plastic film,including degradation rate,surface microstructure,tensile strength and elongation at break,and the effects of different mulching treatments on soil temperature and maize yield.The mulching experiment was conducted with three different biodegradable plastic films with different degradation rates,using a common plastic film and a non-mulched treatment as control.With the addition of the additives for degradation in the biodegradable plastic films,the degradation rates increased significantly,which were 7.2%-17.8%in 2017 and 18.1%-35.2%in 2018 after maize harvesting.However,the degradation occurred mainly on the ridge side.The decrease in tensile strength and elongation was proportional to the degradation rate of the degradable film.The SEM results indicated that the surface microstructures of the biodegradable films were loose and heterogeneous after maize harvesting.Biodegradable plastic film mulching increased the soil temperature at soil depths of 5 cm,15 cm,and 25 cm,over the maize’s entire growth period,by 3.1℃-3.2℃ in 2017 and 1.2℃-2.1℃ in 2018 compared with the non-mulched treatment.The biodegradable plastic film increased the maize yield by 10.4%-14.3%in 2017 and 11.6%-24.7%in 2018.The soil temperature and maize yield increases were statistically significant;however,with respect to maize qualities,there were no statistically significant increases among the five treatments.This study shows that biodegradable plastic film can be used as a substitute for common plastic film.However,the ingredients in biodegradable plastic films should be improved further to ensure that they can be degraded completely after crop harvest.展开更多
Proximity labeling catalyzed by promiscuous enzymes,such as APEX2,has emerged as a powerful approach to characterize multiprotein complexes and protein-protein interactions.However,current methods depend on the expres...Proximity labeling catalyzed by promiscuous enzymes,such as APEX2,has emerged as a powerful approach to characterize multiprotein complexes and protein-protein interactions.However,current methods depend on the expression of exogenous fusion proteins and cannot be applied to identify proteins surrounding post-translationally modified proteins.To address this limitation,we developed a new method to label proximal proteins of interest by antibody-mediated protein A-ascorbate peroxidase 2(pA-APEX2) labeling(AMAPEX).In this method,a modified protein is bound in situ by a specific antibody,which then tethers a pA-APEX2 fusion protein.Activation of APEX2 labels the nearby proteins with biotin;the biotinylated proteins are then purified using streptavidin beads and identified by mass spectrometry.We demonstrated the utility of this approach by profiling the proximal proteins of histone modifications including H3 K27 me3,H3 K9 me3,H3 K4 me3,H4 K5 ac,and H4 K12 ac,as well as verifying the co-localization of these identified proteins with bait proteins by published ChIP-seq analysis and nucleosome immunoprecipitation.Overall,AMAPEX is an efficient method to identify proteins that are proximal to modified histones.展开更多
Post-translational modifications（PTMs） occurring at protein lysine residues,or protein lysine modifications（PLMs）,play critical roles in regulating biological processes.Due to the explosive expansion of the amount...Post-translational modifications（PTMs） occurring at protein lysine residues,or protein lysine modifications（PLMs）,play critical roles in regulating biological processes.Due to the explosive expansion of the amount of PLM substrates and the discovery of novel PLM types,here we greatly updated our previous studies,and presented a much more integrative resource of protein lysine modification database（PLMD）.In PLMD,we totally collected and integrated 284,780 modification events in 53,501 proteins across 176 eukaryotes and prokaryotes for up to 20 types of PLMs,including ubiquitination, acetylation, sumoylation, methylation ,succinylation,malonylation,glutarylation,giycation,formylation,hydroxylation,butyrylation,propionylation,crotonylation,pupylation,neddylation,2-hydroxyisobutyrylation,phosphoglycerylation,carboxylation,lipoylation and biotinylation.Using the data set,a motif-based analysis was performed for each PLM type,and the results demonstrated that different PLM types preferentially recognize distinct sequence motifs for the modifications.Moreover,various PLMs synergistically orchestrate specific cellular biological processes by mutual crosstalks with each other,and we totally found 65,297 PLM events involved in 90 types of PLM co-occurrences on the same lysine residues.Finally,various options were provided for accessing the data,while original references and other annotations were also present for each PLM substrate.Taken together,we anticipated the PLMD database can serve as a useful resource for further researches of PLMs.PLMD 3.0 was implemented in PHP ＋ MySQL and freely available at http：//plmd.biocuckoo.org.展开更多
The integration, analysis and visualization of the big omics data are critical for addressing a broad spectrum of biological questions. One of the most frequently conducted procedures is enrichment analysis, which sta...The integration, analysis and visualization of the big omics data are critical for addressing a broad spectrum of biological questions. One of the most frequently conducted procedures is enrichment analysis, which statistically tests whether individual functional an- notations of Gent Ontology （GO） or Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） are significantly over-or under-represented in an ＂interesting＂ gene or protein list against the reference set （Tavazoie et al., 1999）.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270420,32072220)National Key Research and Development Project(2020YFD1001405)+2 种基金Shanxi Province Science Foundation(202103021224011)Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional PlantsShanxi Province“136”Revitalization Medical Project Construction Funds。
文摘Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on the inhibitory effect of the extract of millet bran protein(EMBP)on a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced Met S,aiming to identify gut microbiota and their metabolites that involve in the anti-Met S activity of EMBP.The obesity,chronic inflammation,insulin resistance in Met S mouse models were abolished after EMBP treatment.The protective mechanism of EMBP against HFD-induced Met S may depend on improved gut barrier function.Using microbiome analysis,we found that EMBP supplementation improved gut microbiome dysbiosis in Met S mice,specifically upregulating Bacteroides acidifaciens.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)also demonstrated this phenomenon.In addition,metabolomic analysis showed that EMBP mediates metabolic profiling reprogramming in Met S mice.Notably,a microbiota-derived metabolite,gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),is enriched by EMBP.In addition,exogenous GABA treatment produced a similar protective effect to EMBP by improving NRF2-dependent gut barrier function to protect HFDinduced Met S.The results suggest that EMBP suppress host Met S by remodeling of gut microbiota as an effective candidate for next-generation medicine food dual purpose dietary supplement to intervene in MetS.
文摘Postharvest waste and loss of horticultural crops exacerbates the agricultural problems facing humankind and will continue to do so in the next decade.Fruits and vegetables provide us with a vast spectrum of healthful nutrients,and along with ornamentals,enrich our lives with a wide array of pleasant sensory experiences.These commodities are,however,highly perishable.Approximately 33%of the produce that is harvested is never consumed since these products naturally have a short shelf-life,which leads to postharvest loss and waste.This loss,however,could be reduced by breeding new crops that retain desirable traits and accrue less damage over the course of long supply chains.New gene-editing tools promise the rapid and inexpensive production of new varieties of crops with enhanced traits more easily than was previously possible.Our aim in this review is to critically evaluate gene editing as a tool to modify the biological pathways that determine fruit,vegetable,and ornamental quality,especially after storage.We provide brief and accessible overviews of both the CRISPR-Cas9 method and the produce supply chain.Next,we survey the literature of the last 30 years,to catalog genes that control or regulate quality or senescence traits that are"ripe"for gene editing.Finally,we discuss barriers to implementing gene editing for postharvest,from the limitations of experimental methods to international policy.We conclude that in spite of the hurdles that remain,gene editing of produce and ornamentals will likely have a measurable impact on reducing postharvest loss and waste in the next 5-10 years.
文摘The SnO2 spheres-like nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by a microwave solvothermal method, in which SnCl2·2H2O, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) PVP, H2O2 and NaOH as raw materials. The as-synthesized products have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer. Photocatalytic activities of the samples have been evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under UV-light illumination. Results showed that these products with diameter about 1 - 2 μm, and when the reaction time prolong, the surface of the SnO2 spheres will change to rough and then smooth when the time even longer. The product with nanorods on its surface shows the higher photocatalytic activity and red shift in the UV-vis absorption, which are relative to the unique structure. At last we studied the electron transfer reactions during photo-oxidation of RhB.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0307700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074143,11974272,11774281,and 12134005)the Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2018005)。
文摘Imaging the charge distributions and structures of molecules and clusters will promote the understanding of the dynamics of the quantum system.Here,we report a method by using an Ar atom as a tip to probe the charge distributions of benzene(Bz)cations in gas phase.Remarkably,the measured charge distributions of Bz^(+)(δ_(H)=0.204,δ_(C)=-0.037)and Bz^(2+)(δ_(H)=0.248,δ_(C)=0.0853)agree well with the calculated Mulliken distributions,and the structures of Bz2 is reconstructed by using the measured charge distributions.The structures of two Bz2isomers(T-shaped and PD isomers)can be resolved from the measured inter-molecular potential V(R)between two Bz ions,and the structures of Bz dimer agree well with the theoretical predictions.
文摘Methylation of 16S rRNA is an important mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance among gram-negative pathogens. In this report, 16S rRNA methylase genes were amplified using PCR among gram-negative bacillus isolates from hospitals in the Changchun area of China and 16S rRNA methylase genotypes (armA, rmtB, rmtA, rmtC, rmtD, and npmA) were identified by direct sequencing. Fifty of the isolates (43.1%) harbored 16S rRNA methylase genes. The common 16S rRNA methylase genes were armA and rmtB (12.1% and 31.0%, respectively), whereas the rmtA, rmtC, rmtD, and npmA genes were absent from the sample. It suggests that the predominant 16S rRNA methylase genes among gramnegative bacilli in the Changchun area are armA and rmtB.
基金The study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LTGY23H010004)National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(82370028)Development Project of Zhejiang Province’s“Jianbing”and“Lingyan”(2023C03067).
文摘Lung cancer is the second most common and the deadliest type of cancer worldwide.Clinically,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is the most com-mon pathological type of lung cancer;approximately one-third of affected patients have locally advanced NSCLC(LA-NSCLC,stage III NSCLC)at diag-nosis.Because of its heterogeneity,LA-NSCLC often requires multidisciplinary assessment.Moreover,the prognosis of affected patients is much below satisfac-tion,and the efficacy of traditional therapeutic strategies has reached a plateau.With the emergence of targeted therapies and immunotherapies,as well as the continuous development of novel radiotherapies,we have entered an era of novel treatment paradigm for LA-NSCLC.Here,we reviewed the landscape of relevant therapeutic modalities,including adjuvant,neoadjuvant,and periop-erative targeted and immune strategies in patients with resectable LA-NSCLC with/without oncogenic alterations;as well as novel combinations of chemora-diation and immunotherapy/targeted therapy in unresectable LA-NSCLC.We addressed the unresolved challenges that remain in the field,and examined future directions to optimize clinical management and increase the cure rate of LA-NSCLC.
基金This work is supported by STI2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0202500 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China 62275004.
文摘Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)has been developed as an essential quantitative contrast for chemical imaging in recent years.However,while spectral lines near the natural linewidth limit can be routinely achieved by state-of-the-art spontaneous Raman microscopes,spectral broadening is inevitable for current mainstream SRS imaging methods.This is because those SRS signals are all measured in the frequency domain.There is a compromise between sensitivity and spectral resolution:as the nonlinear process benefits from pulsed excitations,the fundamental time-energy uncertainty limits the spectral resolution.Besides,the spectral range and acquisition speed are mutually restricted.Here we report transient stimulated Raman scattering(T-SRS),an alternative time-domain strategy that bypasses all these fundamental conjugations.T-SRS is achieved by quantum coherence manipulation:we encode the vibrational oscillations in the stimulated Raman loss(SRL)signal by femtosecond pulse-pair sequence excited vibrational wave packet interference.The Raman spectrum was then achieved by Fourier transform of the time-domain SRL signal.Since all Raman modes are impulsively and simultaneously excited,T-SRS features the natural-linewidth-limit spectral line shapes,laser-bandwidth-determined spectral range,and improved sensitivity.With~150-fs laser pulses,we boost the sensitivity of typical Raman modes to the sub-mM level.With all-plane-mirror high-speed time-delay scanning,we further demonstrated hyperspectral SRS imaging of live-cell metabolism and high-density multiplexed imaging with the natural-linewidth-limit spectral resolution.T-SRS shall find valuable applications for advanced Raman imaging.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1303400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171188 to G.Y.)+3 种基金Chinese Universities Scientific Fund funds(2023RC012,2023TC190)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(to G.Y.)China Agriculture University Young Talent Program in Life Science(Grant No.008)Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund(Grant No.PC2023B01010)。
文摘The high-affinity potassium transporters(HKTs),selectively permeable to either Na^(+)alone or Na^(+)/K^(+),play pivotal roles in maintaining plant Na^(+)/K^(+)homeostasis.Although their involvement in salt tolerance is widely reported,the molecular underpinnings of Oryza sativa HKTs remain elusive.In this study,we elucidate the structures of OsHKT1;1 and OsHKT2;1,representing two distinct classes of rice HKTs.The dimeric assembled OsHKTs can be structurally divided into four domains.At the dimer interface,a half-helix or a loop in the third domain is coordinated by the C-terminal region of the opposite subunit.Additionally,we present the structures of OsHKT1;5 salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive variants,a key quantitative trait locus associated with salt tolerance.The salt-tolerant variant of OsHKT1;5 exhibits enhanced Na^(+)transport capability and displays a more flexible conformation.These findings shed light on the molecular basis of rice HKTs and provide insights into their role in salt tolerance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171188 to G.Y.)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1303400)+3 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(to G.Y.)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2023RC012 and 2023TC190 to G.Y.)the Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund(grant no.PC2023B01010)China Agricultural University Young Talent Program in Life Science(Grant No.008).
文摘Dear Editor,By using cryo-electron microscopy and electrophysiology,this study characterizes the structural and functional dynamics of the K+outward-rectifying channel SKOR in Arabidopsis and the structural changes associated with a double mutation that transforms SKOR into an inward-rectifying K+channel,SKDM.These findings have implications for understanding and manipulating crop K+nutrition.
基金The work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62075226).
文摘The phase summation effect in sum-frequency mixing process is utilized to avoid a nonlinearity obstacle in the power scaling of single-frequency visible or ultraviolet lasers.Two single-frequency fundamental lasers are spectrally broadened by phase modulation to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber amplifier and achieve higher power.After sum-frequency mixing in a nonlinear optical crystal,the upconverted laser returns to single frequency due to phase summation,when the phase modulations on two fundamental lasers have a similar amplitude but opposite sign.The method was experimentally proved in a Raman fiber amplifier-based laser system,which generated a power-scalable sideband-free single-frequency 590 nm laser.The proposal manifests the importance of phase operation in wave-mixing processes for precision laser technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22201262 and 51902013)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.222300420290)+1 种基金Foundation of Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou province(No.[2019]1297)Engineering Research Center of Guihzou province(No.[2018]487).
文摘Developing cost-effective and high-efficiency oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts is imperative for promoting the substantial progress of fuel cells and metal-air batteries.The coordination and geometric engineering of single-atom catalysts(SACs)occurred the promising approach to overcome the thermodynamics and kinetics problems in high-efficiency electrocatalysis.Herein,we rationally constructed atomically dispersed Co atoms on porous N-enriched graphene material C_(2)N(CoSA-C2N)for efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Systematic characterizations demonstrated the active sites for CoSA-C2N is as identified as coordinatively unsaturated Co-N_(2)moiety,which exhibits ORR intrinsic activity.Structurally,the porous N-enriched graphene framework in C_(2)N could effectively increase the accessibility to the active sites and promote mass transfer rate,contributing to improved ORR kinetics.Consequently,CoSA-C_(2)N exhibited superior ORR performance in both acidic and alkaline conditions as well as impressive long-term durability.The coordination and geometric engineering of SACs will provide a novel approach to advanced catalysts for energy related applications.
基金Special Project on Precision Medicine under the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFC0906600 and 2018YFC0910500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31671360,81701567,and 31801095)+2 种基金National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals,Changjiang Scholars Program of Chinasupported by the program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team,Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.2017KFXKJC001 and 2019kfy RCPY043)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2018M642816 and 2018M632870)
文摘In eukaryotes,protein phosphorylation is specifically catalyzed by numerous protein kinases(PKs),faithfully orchestrates various biological processes,and reversibly determines cellular dynamics and plasticity.Here we report an updated algorithm of Group-based Prediction System(GPS)5.0 to improve the performance for predicting kinase-specific phosphorylation sites(p-sites).Two novel methods,position weight determination(PWD)and scoring matrix optimization(SMO),were developed.Compared with other existing tools,GPS 5.0 exhibits a highly competitive accuracy.Besides serine/threonine or tyrosine kinases,GPS 5.0 also supports the prediction of dual-specificity kinase-specific p-sites.In the classical module of GPS 5.0,617 individual predictors were constructed for predicting p-sites of 479 human PKs.To extend the application of GPS5.0,a species-specific module was implemented to predict kinase-specific p-sites for 44,795 PKs in161 eukaryotes.The online service and local packages of GPS 5.0 are freely available for academic research at http://gps.biocuckoo.cn.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1003700,2018YFC1003800,and 2017YFC1001100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872792,31371448,and 31571540)+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(5182015 and 7182090)Project of State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology(2015SKLAB4-1 and 2016SKLAB-1)Institution of Higher Education Projects of Building First-class Discipline Construction in Ningxia Region(NXYLXK2017B05).
文摘Establishment of the primordial follicle(PF)pool is pivotal for the female reproductive lifespan;however,the mechanism of primordial folliculogenesis is poorly understood.Here,the transcription factor SP1 was shown to be essential for PF formation in mice.Our results showed that SP1 is present in both oocytes and somatic cells during PF formation in the ovary.Knockdown of Sp1 expression,especially in pregranulosa cells,significantly suppressed nest breakdown,oocyte apoptosis,and PF formation,suggesting that SP1 expressed by somatic cells functions in the process of primordial folliculogenesis.We further demonstrated that SP1 governs the recruitment and maintenance of Forkhead box L2-positive(FOXL2^+)pregranulosa cells using an Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreER^T2(Lgr5-KI)reporter mouse model and a FOXL2^+ cell-specific knockdown model.At the molecular level,SP1 functioned mainly through manipulation of NOTCH2 expression by binding directly to the promoter of the Notch2 gene.Finally,consistent with the critical role of granulosa cells in follicle survival in vitro,massive loss of oocytes in SP1 knockdown ovaries was evidenced before puberty after the ovaries were tranSP1anted under the renal capsules.Conclusively,our results reveal that SP1 controls the establishment of the ovarian reserve by regulating pregranulosa cell development in the mammalian ovary.
基金This research was financially supported by the Province Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning(20180550617)the Special Program for National Key Research and Development Project of China(2018YFD0300301)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201503105&201303125).
文摘Plastic film is an important resource in agricultural production,but it takes hundreds of years to degrade completely in natural environment.The large-scale use of plastic film will inevitably lead to serious environmental pollution.One way to solve the problem is to develop a substitutable mulching film,such as a biodegradable film that can ultimately be decomposed to water,carbon dioxide,and soil organic matter by micro-organisms.In this study,a 2-year experiment was conducted to determine the degradation properties of a biodegradable plastic film,including degradation rate,surface microstructure,tensile strength and elongation at break,and the effects of different mulching treatments on soil temperature and maize yield.The mulching experiment was conducted with three different biodegradable plastic films with different degradation rates,using a common plastic film and a non-mulched treatment as control.With the addition of the additives for degradation in the biodegradable plastic films,the degradation rates increased significantly,which were 7.2%-17.8%in 2017 and 18.1%-35.2%in 2018 after maize harvesting.However,the degradation occurred mainly on the ridge side.The decrease in tensile strength and elongation was proportional to the degradation rate of the degradable film.The SEM results indicated that the surface microstructures of the biodegradable films were loose and heterogeneous after maize harvesting.Biodegradable plastic film mulching increased the soil temperature at soil depths of 5 cm,15 cm,and 25 cm,over the maize’s entire growth period,by 3.1℃-3.2℃ in 2017 and 1.2℃-2.1℃ in 2018 compared with the non-mulched treatment.The biodegradable plastic film increased the maize yield by 10.4%-14.3%in 2017 and 11.6%-24.7%in 2018.The soil temperature and maize yield increases were statistically significant;however,with respect to maize qualities,there were no statistically significant increases among the five treatments.This study shows that biodegradable plastic film can be used as a substitute for common plastic film.However,the ingredients in biodegradable plastic films should be improved further to ensure that they can be degraded completely after crop harvest.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0903803)the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32090031)+10 种基金the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31971354 and 32070610)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars(Grant No.32000580)the Guangdong Province Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(Grant No.2021B1515020109)the Key Project from Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2020B1515120034)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics,China(Grant No.2019B030301006)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics,China(Grant No.ZDSYS201802061806209)the Project from Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee,China(Grant No.JCYJ20170818164014753)the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Eagles Cancer Fund awarded to ZWthe Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Hematologic Malignancies Program awarded to ZWthe Mayo Clinic division of Hematology awarded to ZWthe Mayo Clinic Center for Biomedical Discovery awarded to SMO,United States。
文摘Proximity labeling catalyzed by promiscuous enzymes,such as APEX2,has emerged as a powerful approach to characterize multiprotein complexes and protein-protein interactions.However,current methods depend on the expression of exogenous fusion proteins and cannot be applied to identify proteins surrounding post-translationally modified proteins.To address this limitation,we developed a new method to label proximal proteins of interest by antibody-mediated protein A-ascorbate peroxidase 2(pA-APEX2) labeling(AMAPEX).In this method,a modified protein is bound in situ by a specific antibody,which then tethers a pA-APEX2 fusion protein.Activation of APEX2 labels the nearby proteins with biotin;the biotinylated proteins are then purified using streptavidin beads and identified by mass spectrometry.We demonstrated the utility of this approach by profiling the proximal proteins of histone modifications including H3 K27 me3,H3 K9 me3,H3 K4 me3,H4 K5 ac,and H4 K12 ac,as well as verifying the co-localization of these identified proteins with bait proteins by published ChIP-seq analysis and nucleosome immunoprecipitation.Overall,AMAPEX is an efficient method to identify proteins that are proximal to modified histones.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program(973 projectNo.2013CB933900)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31671360 andJ1103514)the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (No.2014DFB30020)
文摘Post-translational modifications（PTMs） occurring at protein lysine residues,or protein lysine modifications（PLMs）,play critical roles in regulating biological processes.Due to the explosive expansion of the amount of PLM substrates and the discovery of novel PLM types,here we greatly updated our previous studies,and presented a much more integrative resource of protein lysine modification database（PLMD）.In PLMD,we totally collected and integrated 284,780 modification events in 53,501 proteins across 176 eukaryotes and prokaryotes for up to 20 types of PLMs,including ubiquitination, acetylation, sumoylation, methylation ,succinylation,malonylation,glutarylation,giycation,formylation,hydroxylation,butyrylation,propionylation,crotonylation,pupylation,neddylation,2-hydroxyisobutyrylation,phosphoglycerylation,carboxylation,lipoylation and biotinylation.Using the data set,a motif-based analysis was performed for each PLM type,and the results demonstrated that different PLM types preferentially recognize distinct sequence motifs for the modifications.Moreover,various PLMs synergistically orchestrate specific cellular biological processes by mutual crosstalks with each other,and we totally found 65,297 PLM events involved in 90 types of PLM co-occurrences on the same lysine residues.Finally,various options were provided for accessing the data,while original references and other annotations were also present for each PLM substrate.Taken together,we anticipated the PLMD database can serve as a useful resource for further researches of PLMs.PLMD 3.0 was implemented in PHP ＋ MySQL and freely available at http：//plmd.biocuckoo.org.
基金supported by the Special Project on Precision Medicine under the National Key R&D Program (2017YFC0906600)the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31671360)
文摘The integration, analysis and visualization of the big omics data are critical for addressing a broad spectrum of biological questions. One of the most frequently conducted procedures is enrichment analysis, which statistically tests whether individual functional an- notations of Gent Ontology （GO） or Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） are significantly over-or under-represented in an ＂interesting＂ gene or protein list against the reference set （Tavazoie et al., 1999）.
