High voltage is necessary for high energy lithium-ion batteries but difficult to achieve because of the highly deteriorated cyclability of the batteries.A novel strategy is developed to extend cyclability of a high vo...High voltage is necessary for high energy lithium-ion batteries but difficult to achieve because of the highly deteriorated cyclability of the batteries.A novel strategy is developed to extend cyclability of a high voltage lithium-ion battery,LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)/Graphite(LNMO/Graphite)cell,which emphasizes a rational design of an electrolyte additive that can effectively construct protective interphases on anode and cathode and highly eliminate the effect of hydrogen fluoride(HF).5-Trifluoromethylpyridine-trime thyl lithium borate(LTFMP-TMB),is synthesized,featuring with multi-functionalities.Its anion TFMPTMB-tends to be enriched on cathode and can be preferentially oxidized yielding TMB and radical TFMP-.Both TMB and radical TFMP can combine HF and thus eliminate the detrimental effect of HF on cathode,while the TMB dragged on cathode thus takes a preferential oxidation and constructs a protective cathode interphase.On the other hand,LTFMP-TMB is preferentially reduced on anode and constructs a protective anode interphase.Consequently,a small amount of LTFMP-TMB(0.2%)in 1.0 M LiPF6in EC/DEC/EMC(3/2/5,wt%)results in a highly improved cyclability of LNMO/Graphite cell,with the capacity retention enhanced from 52%to 80%after 150 cycles at 0.5 C between 3.5 and 4.8 V.The as-developed strategy provides a model of designing electrolyte additives for improving cyclability of high voltage batteries.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students.METHODS:Totally 158 student volunteers underwent routine visio...AIM:To investigate the frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students.METHODS:Totally 158 student volunteers underwent routine vision examination in the optometry clinic of Guangxi Medical University.Their data were used to identify the different types of accommodation and nonstrabismic binocular vision dysfunction and to determine their frequency.Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with these abnormalities.RESULTS:The results showed that 36.71%of the subjects had accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision issues,with 8.86%being attributed to accommodation dysfunction and 27.85%to binocular abnormalities.Convergence insufficiency(CI)was the most common abnormality,accounting for 13.29%.Those with these abnormalities experienced higher levels of eyestrain(χ2=69.518,P<0.001).The linear correlations were observed between the difference of binocular spherical equivalent(SE)and the index of horizontal esotropia at a distance(r=0.231,P=0.004)and the asthenopia survey scale(ASS)score(r=0.346,P<0.001).Furthermore,the right eye's SE was inversely correlated with the convergence of positive and negative fusion images at close range(r=-0.321,P<0.001),the convergence of negative fusion images at close range(r=-0.294,P<0.001),the vergence facility(VF;r=-0.234,P=0.003),and the set of negative fusion images at far range(r=-0.237,P=0.003).Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender,age,and the difference in right and binocular SE did not influence the emergence of these abnormalities.CONCLUSION:Binocular vision abnormalities are more prevalent than accommodation dysfunction,with CI being the most frequent type.Greater binocular refractive disparity leads to more severe eyestrain symptoms.展开更多
Metal additive manufacturing(AM)technologies have made significant progress in the basic theoretical field since their invention in the 1970s.However,performance instability during continuous processing,such as therma...Metal additive manufacturing(AM)technologies have made significant progress in the basic theoretical field since their invention in the 1970s.However,performance instability during continuous processing,such as thermal history,residual stress accumulation,and columnar grain epitaxial growth,consistently hinders their broad application in standardized industrial production.To overcome these challenges,performance-control-oriented hybrid AM(HAM)technologies have been introduced.These technologies,by leveraging external auxiliary processes,aim to regulate microstructural evolution and mechanical properties during metal AM.This paper provides a systematic and detailed review of performance-control-oriented HAM technology,which is categorized into two main groups:energy field-assisted AM(EFed AM,e.g.ultrasonic,electromagnetic,and heat)technologies and interlayer plastic deformation-assisted AM(IPDed AM,e.g.laser shock peening,rolling,ultrasonic peening,and friction stir process)technologies.This review covers the influence of external energy fields on the melting,flow,and solidification behavior of materials,and the regulatory effects of interlayer plastic deformation on grain refinement,nucleation,and recrystallization.Furthermore,the role of performance-control-oriented HAM technologies in managing residual stress conversion,metallurgical defect closure,mechanical property improvement,and anisotropy regulation is thoroughly reviewed and discussed.The review concludes with an analysis of future development trends in EFed AM and IPDed AM technologies.展开更多
Bear bile has been a valuable and effective medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for over 13 centuries.However,the current practice of obtaining it through bear farming is under scrutiny for its adve...Bear bile has been a valuable and effective medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for over 13 centuries.However,the current practice of obtaining it through bear farming is under scrutiny for its adverse impact on bear welfare.Here,we present a new approach for creating artificial bear bile(ABB)as a high-quality and sustainable alternative to natural bear bile.This study addresses the scientific challenges of creating bear bile alternatives through interdisciplinary collaborations across various fields,including resources,chemistry,biology,medicine,pharmacology,and TCM.A comprehensive efficacy assessment system that bridges the gap between TCM and modern medical terminology has been established,allowing for the systematic screening of therapeutic constituents.Through the utilization of chemical synthesis and enzyme engineering technologies,our research has achieved the environmentally friendly,large-scale production of bear bile therapeutic compounds,as well as the optimization and recomposition of ABB formulations.The resulting ABB not only closely resembles natural bear bile in its composition but also offers advantages such as consistent product quality,availability of raw materials,and independence from threatened or wild resources.Comprehensive preclinical efficacy evaluations have demonstrated the equivalence of the therapeutic effects from ABB and those from commercially available drained bear bile(DBB).Furthermore,preclinical toxicological assessment and phase I clinical trials show that the safety of ABB is on par with that of the currently used DBB.This innovative strategy can serve as a new research paradigm for developing alternatives for other endangered TCMs,thereby strengthening the integrity and sustainability of TCM.展开更多
comitant esotropia(AACE).METHODS:A retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing 83 patients(case group)with AACE who underwent strabismus correction surgery from January 1,2021 to June 30,2022.Totally 73 outp...comitant esotropia(AACE).METHODS:A retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing 83 patients(case group)with AACE who underwent strabismus correction surgery from January 1,2021 to June 30,2022.Totally 73 outpatient volunteers were recruited during the same period as the normal control group.The case group’s binocular vision time,near and distance esotropia angle,and near stereo vision function were recorded,and the age,gender,refractive status,and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of both groups were analyzed.Additionally,multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using an eye usage condition questionnaire to determine the independent risk factors for AACE.RESULTS:In the case group,61 patients(73.49%)had myopia,with a mean equivalent spherical power(SE)of-3.35±3.31 D(range:+2.75 to-10.62 D)of the right eye and-2.87±3.35 D(range:+2.75 to-11.12 D)of the left eye.The average duration of diplopia in the case group was 29.83±35.72mo,of which 80 patients(96.39%)were primarily with distance diplopia.The near and distance esotropia angle after wearing glasses were 52.36±20.95 prism degree(PD)and 56.71±19.54 PD,respectively,and there was no statistically significant difference between the two(t=1.38,P=0.169).The incidence of improper glasses wearing and unhealthy eye habits in the case group was significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Close-up work without glasses[β=2.30,odds ratio(OR)=10,95%confidence interval(CI)2.35-42.51,P=0.002]and near work in supine position(β=1.80,OR=6.02,95%CI 3.29-11.02,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for AACE.CONCLUSION:Patients with AACE mainly present with distance diplopia,and there is a high degree of variation in myopia.Near work without wearing glasses and in supine position are independent risk factors for AACE.展开更多
Background Rises in global warming and extreme weather occurrence make the risk of heat stress(HS)induced by high ambient temperatures more likely in high-yielding dairy cows,resulting in low milk quality and yield.In...Background Rises in global warming and extreme weather occurrence make the risk of heat stress(HS)induced by high ambient temperatures more likely in high-yielding dairy cows,resulting in low milk quality and yield.In ani-mals,oxygen is involved in many physiological and metabolic processes,but the effects of HS on oxygen metabolism remain unclear.Thus,the current study aimed to investigate how oxygen metabolism plays a role in health status of dairy cows by measuring the milk yield,milk composition,and blood biochemical variables of cows under different levels of HS:none(No-HS),mild(Mild-HS),and moderate HS(Mod-HS).Results The HS significantly increased rectal temperature(Ptreat<0.01)and respiration rate(Ptreat<0.01).Under Mod-HS,greater Na+(P<0.05)and lower total CO_(2),and pH(P<0.05)were observed relative to those under No-HS and Mild-HS.Oxygen concentrations in both coccygeal artery and mammary vein(Ptreat<0.01)were lower under Mod-HS than under No-HS.Coccygeal vein concentrations of heat shock protein 90(HSP90)(P<0.05)increased during Mod-HS compared with those in cows under No-HS.Malondialdehyde increased during Mod-HS,and glu-tathione peroxidase(P<0.01)increased during Mild-HS.Coccygeal vein concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor(P<0.01),heme oxygenase-1(P<0.01),and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(P<0.01)were greater in cows under Mod-HS than those under No-HS.Red blood cell count(P<0.01)and hemoglobin concentration(P<0.01)were lower in the coccygeal vein of dairy cows under Mild-and Mod-HS than those of cows under No-HS.Conclusions Exposure to HS negatively impacts the health status and lactation performance of dairy cows by limit-ing oxygen metabolism and transportation.However,the specific mechanism by which HS affects mammary function in cows remains unclear and requires further exploration.展开更多
B-containing electrolyte additives are widely used to enhance the cycle performance at low temperature and the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries by constructing an efficient cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)t...B-containing electrolyte additives are widely used to enhance the cycle performance at low temperature and the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries by constructing an efficient cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)to facilitate the rapid Li+migration.Nevertheless,its wide-temperature application has been limited by the instability of B-derived CEI layer at high temperature.Herein,dual electrolyte additives,consisting of lithium tetraborate(Li_(2)TB)and 2,4-difluorobiphenyl(FBP),are proposed to boost the widetemperature performances of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM)cathode.Theoretical calculation and electrochemical performances analyses indicate that Li_(2)TB and FBP undergo successive decomposition to form a unique dual-layer CEI.FBP acts as a synergistic filming additive to Li_(2)TB,enhancing the hightemperature performance of NCM cathode while preserving the excellent low-temperature cycle stability and the superior rate capability conferred by Li_(2)TB additive.Therefore,the capacity retention of NCM‖Li cells using optimal FBP-Li_(2)TB dual electrolyte additives increases to 100%after 200 cycles at-10℃,99%after 200 cycles at 25℃,and 83%after 100 cycles at 55℃,respectively,much superior to that of base electrolyte(63%/69%/45%).More surprisingly,galvanostatic c ha rge/discharge experiments at different temperatures reveal that NCM‖Li cells using FBP-Li_(2)TB additives can operate at temperatures ranging from-40℃to 60℃.This synergistic interphase modification utilizing dual electrolyte additives to construct a unique dual-layer CEI adaptive to a wide temperature range,provides valuable insights to the practical applications of NCM cathodes for all-climate batteries.展开更多
With the current revolution in Shipping 4.0, a tremendous amount of data is accumulated during vessel operations. Dataquality (DQ) is becoming more and more important for the further digitalization and effective decis...With the current revolution in Shipping 4.0, a tremendous amount of data is accumulated during vessel operations. Dataquality (DQ) is becoming more and more important for the further digitalization and effective decision-making in shippingindustry. In this study, a practical DQ assessment method for raw data in vessel operations is proposed. In this method,specific data categories and data dimensions are developed based on engineering practice and existing literature. Concretevalidation rules are then formed, which can be used to properly divide raw datasets. Afterwards, a scoring method is usedfor the assessment of the data quality. Three levels, namely good, warning and alarm, are adopted to reflect the final dataquality. The root causes of bad data quality could be revealed once the internal dependency among rules has been built,which will facilitate the further improvement of DQ in practice. A case study based on the datasets from a Danish shippingcompany is conducted, where the DQ variation is monitored, assessed and compared. The results indicate that theproposed method is effective to help shipping industry improve the quality of raw data in practice. This innovationresearch can facilitate shipping industry to set a solid foundation at the early stage of their digitalization journeys.展开更多
Esophageal carcinoma(EC) is a highly lethal malignancywith a poor prognosis. One of the most important prognostic factors in EC is lymph node status. Therefore, lymphadenectomy has been recognized as a key that influe...Esophageal carcinoma(EC) is a highly lethal malignancywith a poor prognosis. One of the most important prognostic factors in EC is lymph node status. Therefore, lymphadenectomy has been recognized as a key that influences the outcome of surgical treatment for EC. However, the lymphatic drainage system of the esophagus, including an abundant lymph-capillary network in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosa, is very complex with cervical, mediastinal and celiac node spreading. The extent of lymphadenectomy for EC has always been controversial because of the very complex pattern of lymph node spreading. In this article, published literature regarding lymphatic spreading was reviewed and the current lymphadenectomy trends for EC are discussed.展开更多
Background: There is no data regarding prognostic impact of interleukin(IL)-26 on outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). The present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of IL-26 on HCC pati...Background: There is no data regarding prognostic impact of interleukin(IL)-26 on outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). The present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of IL-26 on HCC patients undergoing liver resection. Methods: From 2003 to 2008, 122 patients with HCC who received surgical curative resection were enrolled. Patients were stratified into IL-26-upper and-lower groups according to the median expression level from immunohistochemical staining of resected specimens. Prognostic impact of IL-26 was estimated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate timedependent prognostic impact and independency of IL-26. Demographic and clinical factors that were associated with IL-26 were comprehensively identified. Results: Prognosis of the patients with high level of IL-26 revealed to be significantly unfavorable in both cumulative recurrence-free survival( P < 0.001) and overall survival( P = 0.002). Upper expression of IL-26(HR: 1.643;95% CI: 1.021 to 2.644;P = 0.041) and microvascular invasion(HR: 3.303;95% CI: 1.255 to 8.696;P = 0.016) were identified as significant independent prognostic factors for overall survival in the multivariable analysis. Conclusions: IL-26 is a novel prognostic factor for HCC after resection. Evaluation of IL-26 expression may be potentially valuable in clinical therapy when planning individualized follow-up schedule and evaluating candidates for prophylactic adjuvant treatment to prevent recurrence.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the immunogenidty of a novel DNA vacoine, pSW3891/HBc, based on HBV core gene in Balb/c mice. METHODS： A novel DNA vaccine, pSW3891/HBc, encoding HBV core gene was constructed using a vector plas...AIM： To investigate the immunogenidty of a novel DNA vacoine, pSW3891/HBc, based on HBV core gene in Balb/c mice. METHODS： A novel DNA vaccine, pSW3891/HBc, encoding HBV core gene was constructed using a vector plasmid pSW3891. Balb/c mice were immunized with either pSW3891/HBc or empty vector DNA via gene gun. IgG anti-HBc responses in mouse sera were demonstrated by ELISA. Specific cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes （CTLs） of mice was quantitatively measured by lactate dehydrogenase release assay. RESULTS： HBcAg was expressed effectively in 293T cell line transiently transfected with pSW3891/HBc. Strong IgG anti-HBc responses were elicited in mice immunized with pSW3891/HBc. The end-point titers of anti-HBc reached the highest 1：97 200, 4 wk after the third immunization. The specific CTL killing with the highest specific lysis reached 73.25% at effector：target ratio of 20：1 in mice that received pSW3891/HBc DNA vaccine. CONCLUSION： pSW3891/HBc vaccination elicits specific anti-HBc response and induces HBc-specific CTL response in immunized Balb/c mice.展开更多
Five new species(Gastrochilus yei,Gastrochilus minimus,Luisia simaoensis,Taeniophyllum xizangense,Tuberolabium subulatum)and two newly recorded species(Cleisostoma tricornutum,Luisia inconspicua)of Vandeae(Orchidaceae...Five new species(Gastrochilus yei,Gastrochilus minimus,Luisia simaoensis,Taeniophyllum xizangense,Tuberolabium subulatum)and two newly recorded species(Cleisostoma tricornutum,Luisia inconspicua)of Vandeae(Orchidaceae)from China are described and illustrated.Gastrochilus yei is similar to G.affinis and G.nepalensis,but differs from them by having an epichile not lobed,the apex of the hypochile not bilobed,and a tine on the apex of the leaf.Gastrochilus minimus is similar to G.acinacifolius,but can be distinguished from the latter by having a flabellate epichile that is densely hirsute on the adaxial surface and an inconspicuous central cushion;in addition,the hypochile of G.minimus has a keel that extends to the apex of the epichile.Taeniophyllum xizangense is similar to T.stella and T.radiatum,but it is distinguished from them by having much bigger flowers,inflorescences densely covered with short-bristly hairs,papillae on the external surface of sepals,and bigger triangular-ovate viscidium.Luisia simaoensis is similar to L magniflora and L ramosii,but can be easily distinguished from them by having lateral sepals longer than dorsal sepals and petals,lip with irregular and waved margins,and lip with bilobed apex.Luisia inconspicua is moved from Gastrochilus to Luisia based on phylogenetic analyses of plastid matK sequence data.Tuberolabium subulatum is similar to T.camosum,but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by having an inflorescence much shorter than the leaves,yellow sepals and petals,and many small papillae outside the lip lobes.展开更多
Eight new species from China,Cheirostylis chuxiongensis,C.yei,Myrmechis lingulata,M.longii,Bulbophyllum ximaense,B.xizangense,B.retusum and B.pulcherissimum,are described and illustrated.Cheirostylis chuxiongensis dif...Eight new species from China,Cheirostylis chuxiongensis,C.yei,Myrmechis lingulata,M.longii,Bulbophyllum ximaense,B.xizangense,B.retusum and B.pulcherissimum,are described and illustrated.Cheirostylis chuxiongensis differs from C.thailandica by having 5-9 irregular and papillae-like calli on each side in the sac of the lip,epichile with entire lobes,petals narrowly obliquely obovate and an apex that is not recurved.Cheirostylis yei is easily distinguished from its relatives similar by having a long stem,pubescent ovary and sepals,epichile lobes with irregular and undulate margins,a subquadrate callus without teeth in the saccate hypochile.Myrmechis lingulata differs from M.chinensis by having a simple and lanceolate to ligulate lip,glabrous bracts and ovary,oblique and narrowly ovate petals.Myrmechis longii differs from M.pumila by having white-veined leaves,oblong-lanceolate epichile lobes,and viscidium attached to the middle of the caudicle.Bulbophyllum ximaense is easily distinguished from its relatives similar by having distant pseudobulbs,shorter scape,an inflorescence with 9-16 orange-red flowers,shorter lateral sepals with a long acuminate apex,incurved and tubular apical margins,a papillate lip disk and triangular-subulate stelidia.Bulbophyllum xizangense is easily distinguished from its relatives similar by having narrow lanceolate leaves,shorter inflorescence with 1-3 greenish-yellow flowers,falcate-ovoid lateral sepals,a lip with small lateral lobes and 3 keels at the base.Bulbophyllum retusum differs from B.spathulatum by having shorter inflorescence,peduncles with 2 tubular sheaths,dorsal sepals with a retuse apex,lateral sepals with lower edges that are connate to each other and free and divergent toward the apex,obovate petals with an acute or slightly retuse apex.Bulbophyllum pulcherissimum differs from B.lopalanthum by its 5-veined dorsal sepal,ovate-lanceolate lateral sepals,obliquely ovate-oblong petal,erose-toothed margins and obovate lip with a large,oblong basal callus,and an obtuse base.In addition,three species(Bulbophyllum frostii,B.raskotii and B.nematocaulon)are reported for the first time in China.展开更多
Genera Lamiophlomis and Paraphlomis were originally separated from genus Phlomis s.1. on the basis of particular morphological characteristics. However, their relationship was highly contentious, as evidenced by the l...Genera Lamiophlomis and Paraphlomis were originally separated from genus Phlomis s.1. on the basis of particular morphological characteristics. However, their relationship was highly contentious, as evidenced by the literature. In the present paper, the systematic positions of Lamiophlomis, Paraphlomis, and their related genera were assessed based on nuclear internal transcribed spacer （ITS） and chloroplast rpl16 and trnL-F sequence data using maximum parsimony （MP） and Bayesian methods. and outgroup were sampled. Analyses of both separate In total, 24 species representing six genera of the ingroup and combined sequence data were conducted to resolve the systematic relationships of these genera. The results reveal that Lamiophlomis is nested within Phlomis sect. Phlomoides and its generic status is not supported. With the inclusion ofLamiophlomis rotata in sect. Phlomoides, sections Phlomis and Phlomoides of Phlomis were resolved as monophyletic. Paraphlomis was supported as an independent genus. However, the resolution of its monophyly conflicted between MP and Bayesian analyses, suggesting the need for expended sampling and further evidence.展开更多
The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on recent advances in heart transplantation in China.Despite advances in pharmacologic and device treatment of chronic heart failure,long-term morbidity ...The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on recent advances in heart transplantation in China.Despite advances in pharmacologic and device treatment of chronic heart failure,long-term morbidity and mortality remain high,and many patients progress to end-stage heart failure.Heart transplantation has become standard treatment for selected patients with end-stage heart failure,though challenges still exist.However,multiple advances over the past few years will improve the survival and quality-of-life of heart transplant recipients.This article elaborates on the specific characteristics of heart transplantation in China,the current issues,development trends,and related experiences with heart transplantation in Wuhan Union Hospital.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the benefit and safety of sivelestat(a neutrophil elastase inhibitor) administration in patients undergoing esophagectomy. METHODS: Online databases including Pub Med, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, We...AIM: To evaluate the benefit and safety of sivelestat(a neutrophil elastase inhibitor) administration in patients undergoing esophagectomy. METHODS: Online databases including Pub Med, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge, and Chinese databases(Wanfang database, VIP and CNKI) were searched systematically up to November 2013. Randomized controlled trials and high-qualitycomparative studies were considered eligible for inclusion. Three reviewers evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies, and Stata 12.0 software was used to analyze the extracted data. The risk ratio(RR) was used to express the effect size of dichotomous outcomes, and mean difference(MD) or standardized mean difference was used to express the effect size of continuous outcomes.RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review and nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly decreased in the sivelestat group on postoperative day 5 [I2 = 76.3%, SMD =-1.41, 95%CI:-2.63-(-0.19)]. Sivelestat greatly lowered the incidence of acute lung injury in patients after surgery(I2 = 0%, RR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.08-0.93). However, it did not decrease the incidence of pneumonia, intensive care unit stay or postoperative hospital stay, and did not increase the incidence of complications such as anastomotic leakage, recurrent nerve palsy, wound infection, sepsis and catheter-related fever. CONCLUSION: A neutrophil elastase inhibitor is beneficial in patients undergoing esophagectomy. More high quality, large sample, multi-center and randomized controlled trials are needed to validate this effect.展开更多
Background:The local supply of energy-yielding nutrients such as glucose seems to affect the synthesis of milk components in the mammary gland(MG).Thus,our study was conducted to investigate the effects of locally ava...Background:The local supply of energy-yielding nutrients such as glucose seems to affect the synthesis of milk components in the mammary gland(MG).Thus,our study was conducted to investigate the effects of locally available MG glucose supply(LMGS)on amino acid(AA)sensing and utilization in the MG of lactating dairy goats.Six dosages of glucose(0,20,40,60,80,and 100 g/d)were infused into the MG through the external pudendal artery to investigate the dose-dependent changes in mammary AA uptake and utilization(Exp.1)and the changes in mRNA and protein expression of the AMPK-mTOR pathway(Expt.2).Results:In Exp.1,total milk AA concentration was highest when goats were infused with 60 g/d glucose,but lower when goats were infused with 0 and 100 g/d glucose.Increasing LMGS quadratically changed the percentages ofαS2-casein andα-lactalbumin in milk protein,which increased with infusions from 0 to 60 g/d glucose and then decreased with infusions between 60 and 100 g/d glucose.The LMGS changed the AA availability and intramammary gland AA utilization,as reflected by the mammary AA flux indexes.In Exp.2,the mRNA expression of LALBA in the MG increased quadratically with increasing LMGS,with the highest expression at dose of 60 g/d glucose.A high glucose dosage(100 g/d)activated the general control nonderepressible 2 kinase,an intracellular sensor of AA status,resulting in a reduced total milk AA concentration.Conclusions:Our new findings suggest that the lactating MG in dairy goats may be affected by LMGS through regulation of the AA sensory pathway,AA utilization and protein synthesis,all being driven by the AMPK-mTOR pathway.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the corneal endothelial cell density and morphology and central corneal thickness in the Guangxi Maonan and Han adolescent students of China.METHODS: Noncontact specular microscope(Topcon SP3000 P,...AIM: To investigate the corneal endothelial cell density and morphology and central corneal thickness in the Guangxi Maonan and Han adolescent students of China.METHODS: Noncontact specular microscope(Topcon SP3000 P, Tokyo, Japan) was performed in 133 adolescent students of Maonan nationality(M:F 54:79)and 105 adolescent students of Han nationality(M:F 50:55),5 to 20 y of age, who were randomly selected from 3schools in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China.Parameters studied included endothelial cell density,mean cell area, coefficient of variation in cell size,percentage hexagonality and central corneal thickness. RESULTS: Endothelial cell density, mean cell area,coefficient of variation in cell size, percentage hexagonality and central corneal thickness in the study population were(2969.50 ±253.93) cells/mm2,(339.23 ±29.44) μm2,(29.96 ±4.07) %,(64.58 ±9.41) % and(523.71 ±32.82) μm in Maonan and(2998.26 ±262.65) cells/mm2,(336.11±30.07) μm2,(29.89±5.03) %,(64.91±11.64) % and(524.39 ±33.15) μm in Han, respectively. No significant differences were observed in endothelial cell density,mean cell area, coefficient of variation in cell size,percentage hexagonality and central corneal thickness between Maonan and Han(P =0.615, 0.659, 0.528, 0.551,0.999). In Maonan and Han, we found age was negatively correlated with endothelial cell density and percentagehexagonality and positively correlated with mean cell area and coefficient of variation in cell size. Negative correlation was also found between central corneal thickness and age in Han, whereas no correlation was found in Maonan. CONCLUSION: There were no differences between Maonan and Han in corneal endothelial cell density and morphology and central corneal thickness. In these two nationalities, there were statistically significant decrease in endothelial cell density and percentage hexagonality with increasing age and statistically significant increase in cell area and coefficient of variation in cell size with increasing age. Central corneal thinned with increasing age in Han, whereas difference did not attain statistical significance in Maonan.展开更多
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, operative methods, and diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） in tile resection of intrinsic insular gliomas via transsylvian approach. Methods From June 2008 to June 2...Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, operative methods, and diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） in tile resection of intrinsic insular gliomas via transsylvian approach. Methods From June 2008 to June 2010, 12 patients with intrinsic insular gliomas were treated via transsylvian microsurgical approach, with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor imaging （MR DTI） evaluation. The data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients had astrocytoma, including 8 patients of Grades 1 to II, 2 patients of Grades III to IV, and 2 patients of mixed glial tumors. The insular tumors were completely removed in 9 patients, whereas they were only partially removed from 3 patients. No death was related to the operations. Two patients had transient aphasia, 2 experienced worsened hemiplegia on opposite sides of their bodies, and 2 had mild hemiplegia and language function disturbance. Conclusions Most of tile insular gliomas are of low grade. By evaluating the damage of the corticospinal tract through DTI and using ultrasonography to locate the tumors during operation, microsurgery treatment removes the lesions as much as possible, protects the surrounding areas, reduces the mobility rate, and improves the postoperative quality of life.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179041)。
文摘High voltage is necessary for high energy lithium-ion batteries but difficult to achieve because of the highly deteriorated cyclability of the batteries.A novel strategy is developed to extend cyclability of a high voltage lithium-ion battery,LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)/Graphite(LNMO/Graphite)cell,which emphasizes a rational design of an electrolyte additive that can effectively construct protective interphases on anode and cathode and highly eliminate the effect of hydrogen fluoride(HF).5-Trifluoromethylpyridine-trime thyl lithium borate(LTFMP-TMB),is synthesized,featuring with multi-functionalities.Its anion TFMPTMB-tends to be enriched on cathode and can be preferentially oxidized yielding TMB and radical TFMP-.Both TMB and radical TFMP can combine HF and thus eliminate the detrimental effect of HF on cathode,while the TMB dragged on cathode thus takes a preferential oxidation and constructs a protective cathode interphase.On the other hand,LTFMP-TMB is preferentially reduced on anode and constructs a protective anode interphase.Consequently,a small amount of LTFMP-TMB(0.2%)in 1.0 M LiPF6in EC/DEC/EMC(3/2/5,wt%)results in a highly improved cyclability of LNMO/Graphite cell,with the capacity retention enhanced from 52%to 80%after 150 cycles at 0.5 C between 3.5 and 4.8 V.The as-developed strategy provides a model of designing electrolyte additives for improving cyclability of high voltage batteries.
基金Supported by the Innovat ion and Entrepreneurship Project for College Students of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in 2022 and the Development and Application of Appropriate Medical and Health Technologies in Guangxi(No.S2021093).
文摘AIM:To investigate the frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students.METHODS:Totally 158 student volunteers underwent routine vision examination in the optometry clinic of Guangxi Medical University.Their data were used to identify the different types of accommodation and nonstrabismic binocular vision dysfunction and to determine their frequency.Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with these abnormalities.RESULTS:The results showed that 36.71%of the subjects had accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision issues,with 8.86%being attributed to accommodation dysfunction and 27.85%to binocular abnormalities.Convergence insufficiency(CI)was the most common abnormality,accounting for 13.29%.Those with these abnormalities experienced higher levels of eyestrain(χ2=69.518,P<0.001).The linear correlations were observed between the difference of binocular spherical equivalent(SE)and the index of horizontal esotropia at a distance(r=0.231,P=0.004)and the asthenopia survey scale(ASS)score(r=0.346,P<0.001).Furthermore,the right eye's SE was inversely correlated with the convergence of positive and negative fusion images at close range(r=-0.321,P<0.001),the convergence of negative fusion images at close range(r=-0.294,P<0.001),the vergence facility(VF;r=-0.234,P=0.003),and the set of negative fusion images at far range(r=-0.237,P=0.003).Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender,age,and the difference in right and binocular SE did not influence the emergence of these abnormalities.CONCLUSION:Binocular vision abnormalities are more prevalent than accommodation dysfunction,with CI being the most frequent type.Greater binocular refractive disparity leads to more severe eyestrain symptoms.
基金The financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers:52335008,52175409 and 52305469)Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Projects in China(Grant Numbers:BE2023026and BE2022069)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220530)the Graduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province in China(Grant Number:KYCX23_3723)。
文摘Metal additive manufacturing(AM)technologies have made significant progress in the basic theoretical field since their invention in the 1970s.However,performance instability during continuous processing,such as thermal history,residual stress accumulation,and columnar grain epitaxial growth,consistently hinders their broad application in standardized industrial production.To overcome these challenges,performance-control-oriented hybrid AM(HAM)technologies have been introduced.These technologies,by leveraging external auxiliary processes,aim to regulate microstructural evolution and mechanical properties during metal AM.This paper provides a systematic and detailed review of performance-control-oriented HAM technology,which is categorized into two main groups:energy field-assisted AM(EFed AM,e.g.ultrasonic,electromagnetic,and heat)technologies and interlayer plastic deformation-assisted AM(IPDed AM,e.g.laser shock peening,rolling,ultrasonic peening,and friction stir process)technologies.This review covers the influence of external energy fields on the melting,flow,and solidification behavior of materials,and the regulatory effects of interlayer plastic deformation on grain refinement,nucleation,and recrystallization.Furthermore,the role of performance-control-oriented HAM technologies in managing residual stress conversion,metallurgical defect closure,mechanical property improvement,and anisotropy regulation is thoroughly reviewed and discussed.The review concludes with an analysis of future development trends in EFed AM and IPDed AM technologies.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2192970-T2192974)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2021-I2M-1-027).
文摘Bear bile has been a valuable and effective medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for over 13 centuries.However,the current practice of obtaining it through bear farming is under scrutiny for its adverse impact on bear welfare.Here,we present a new approach for creating artificial bear bile(ABB)as a high-quality and sustainable alternative to natural bear bile.This study addresses the scientific challenges of creating bear bile alternatives through interdisciplinary collaborations across various fields,including resources,chemistry,biology,medicine,pharmacology,and TCM.A comprehensive efficacy assessment system that bridges the gap between TCM and modern medical terminology has been established,allowing for the systematic screening of therapeutic constituents.Through the utilization of chemical synthesis and enzyme engineering technologies,our research has achieved the environmentally friendly,large-scale production of bear bile therapeutic compounds,as well as the optimization and recomposition of ABB formulations.The resulting ABB not only closely resembles natural bear bile in its composition but also offers advantages such as consistent product quality,availability of raw materials,and independence from threatened or wild resources.Comprehensive preclinical efficacy evaluations have demonstrated the equivalence of the therapeutic effects from ABB and those from commercially available drained bear bile(DBB).Furthermore,preclinical toxicological assessment and phase I clinical trials show that the safety of ABB is on par with that of the currently used DBB.This innovative strategy can serve as a new research paradigm for developing alternatives for other endangered TCMs,thereby strengthening the integrity and sustainability of TCM.
基金Supported by the Guangxi Health Appropriate Technology Development and Application Project(No.S2021093)the Education and Teaching Reform Project of Guangxi Medical University(No.2021XJGA18)。
文摘comitant esotropia(AACE).METHODS:A retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing 83 patients(case group)with AACE who underwent strabismus correction surgery from January 1,2021 to June 30,2022.Totally 73 outpatient volunteers were recruited during the same period as the normal control group.The case group’s binocular vision time,near and distance esotropia angle,and near stereo vision function were recorded,and the age,gender,refractive status,and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of both groups were analyzed.Additionally,multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using an eye usage condition questionnaire to determine the independent risk factors for AACE.RESULTS:In the case group,61 patients(73.49%)had myopia,with a mean equivalent spherical power(SE)of-3.35±3.31 D(range:+2.75 to-10.62 D)of the right eye and-2.87±3.35 D(range:+2.75 to-11.12 D)of the left eye.The average duration of diplopia in the case group was 29.83±35.72mo,of which 80 patients(96.39%)were primarily with distance diplopia.The near and distance esotropia angle after wearing glasses were 52.36±20.95 prism degree(PD)and 56.71±19.54 PD,respectively,and there was no statistically significant difference between the two(t=1.38,P=0.169).The incidence of improper glasses wearing and unhealthy eye habits in the case group was significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Close-up work without glasses[β=2.30,odds ratio(OR)=10,95%confidence interval(CI)2.35-42.51,P=0.002]and near work in supine position(β=1.80,OR=6.02,95%CI 3.29-11.02,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for AACE.CONCLUSION:Patients with AACE mainly present with distance diplopia,and there is a high degree of variation in myopia.Near work without wearing glasses and in supine position are independent risk factors for AACE.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation(Grant Number:31930101).
文摘Background Rises in global warming and extreme weather occurrence make the risk of heat stress(HS)induced by high ambient temperatures more likely in high-yielding dairy cows,resulting in low milk quality and yield.In ani-mals,oxygen is involved in many physiological and metabolic processes,but the effects of HS on oxygen metabolism remain unclear.Thus,the current study aimed to investigate how oxygen metabolism plays a role in health status of dairy cows by measuring the milk yield,milk composition,and blood biochemical variables of cows under different levels of HS:none(No-HS),mild(Mild-HS),and moderate HS(Mod-HS).Results The HS significantly increased rectal temperature(Ptreat<0.01)and respiration rate(Ptreat<0.01).Under Mod-HS,greater Na+(P<0.05)and lower total CO_(2),and pH(P<0.05)were observed relative to those under No-HS and Mild-HS.Oxygen concentrations in both coccygeal artery and mammary vein(Ptreat<0.01)were lower under Mod-HS than under No-HS.Coccygeal vein concentrations of heat shock protein 90(HSP90)(P<0.05)increased during Mod-HS compared with those in cows under No-HS.Malondialdehyde increased during Mod-HS,and glu-tathione peroxidase(P<0.01)increased during Mild-HS.Coccygeal vein concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor(P<0.01),heme oxygenase-1(P<0.01),and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(P<0.01)were greater in cows under Mod-HS than those under No-HS.Red blood cell count(P<0.01)and hemoglobin concentration(P<0.01)were lower in the coccygeal vein of dairy cows under Mild-and Mod-HS than those of cows under No-HS.Conclusions Exposure to HS negatively impacts the health status and lactation performance of dairy cows by limit-ing oxygen metabolism and transportation.However,the specific mechanism by which HS affects mammary function in cows remains unclear and requires further exploration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21972049)。
文摘B-containing electrolyte additives are widely used to enhance the cycle performance at low temperature and the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries by constructing an efficient cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)to facilitate the rapid Li+migration.Nevertheless,its wide-temperature application has been limited by the instability of B-derived CEI layer at high temperature.Herein,dual electrolyte additives,consisting of lithium tetraborate(Li_(2)TB)and 2,4-difluorobiphenyl(FBP),are proposed to boost the widetemperature performances of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM)cathode.Theoretical calculation and electrochemical performances analyses indicate that Li_(2)TB and FBP undergo successive decomposition to form a unique dual-layer CEI.FBP acts as a synergistic filming additive to Li_(2)TB,enhancing the hightemperature performance of NCM cathode while preserving the excellent low-temperature cycle stability and the superior rate capability conferred by Li_(2)TB additive.Therefore,the capacity retention of NCM‖Li cells using optimal FBP-Li_(2)TB dual electrolyte additives increases to 100%after 200 cycles at-10℃,99%after 200 cycles at 25℃,and 83%after 100 cycles at 55℃,respectively,much superior to that of base electrolyte(63%/69%/45%).More surprisingly,galvanostatic c ha rge/discharge experiments at different temperatures reveal that NCM‖Li cells using FBP-Li_(2)TB additives can operate at temperatures ranging from-40℃to 60℃.This synergistic interphase modification utilizing dual electrolyte additives to construct a unique dual-layer CEI adaptive to a wide temperature range,provides valuable insights to the practical applications of NCM cathodes for all-climate batteries.
基金Danish Blue Innoship project which is partly funded by the Innovation Fund Denmark under File No.155-2014-10the Danish Maritime Fund+4 种基金the Orient’s FundShipping Lab project“Digital vessel operation”the Innovation Fund Denmark(IFD)under File No.8090-00063Bthe Lauritzen Fondenthe Orient’s Fond。
文摘With the current revolution in Shipping 4.0, a tremendous amount of data is accumulated during vessel operations. Dataquality (DQ) is becoming more and more important for the further digitalization and effective decision-making in shippingindustry. In this study, a practical DQ assessment method for raw data in vessel operations is proposed. In this method,specific data categories and data dimensions are developed based on engineering practice and existing literature. Concretevalidation rules are then formed, which can be used to properly divide raw datasets. Afterwards, a scoring method is usedfor the assessment of the data quality. Three levels, namely good, warning and alarm, are adopted to reflect the final dataquality. The root causes of bad data quality could be revealed once the internal dependency among rules has been built,which will facilitate the further improvement of DQ in practice. A case study based on the datasets from a Danish shippingcompany is conducted, where the DQ variation is monitored, assessed and compared. The results indicate that theproposed method is effective to help shipping industry improve the quality of raw data in practice. This innovationresearch can facilitate shipping industry to set a solid foundation at the early stage of their digitalization journeys.
文摘Esophageal carcinoma(EC) is a highly lethal malignancywith a poor prognosis. One of the most important prognostic factors in EC is lymph node status. Therefore, lymphadenectomy has been recognized as a key that influences the outcome of surgical treatment for EC. However, the lymphatic drainage system of the esophagus, including an abundant lymph-capillary network in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosa, is very complex with cervical, mediastinal and celiac node spreading. The extent of lymphadenectomy for EC has always been controversial because of the very complex pattern of lymph node spreading. In this article, published literature regarding lymphatic spreading was reviewed and the current lymphadenectomy trends for EC are discussed.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81670562,81670598 and 81472243)the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(20171911)the National Key R&D Pro-gram for Precision Medicine(2017YFC908101)
文摘Background: There is no data regarding prognostic impact of interleukin(IL)-26 on outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). The present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of IL-26 on HCC patients undergoing liver resection. Methods: From 2003 to 2008, 122 patients with HCC who received surgical curative resection were enrolled. Patients were stratified into IL-26-upper and-lower groups according to the median expression level from immunohistochemical staining of resected specimens. Prognostic impact of IL-26 was estimated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate timedependent prognostic impact and independency of IL-26. Demographic and clinical factors that were associated with IL-26 were comprehensively identified. Results: Prognosis of the patients with high level of IL-26 revealed to be significantly unfavorable in both cumulative recurrence-free survival( P < 0.001) and overall survival( P = 0.002). Upper expression of IL-26(HR: 1.643;95% CI: 1.021 to 2.644;P = 0.041) and microvascular invasion(HR: 3.303;95% CI: 1.255 to 8.696;P = 0.016) were identified as significant independent prognostic factors for overall survival in the multivariable analysis. Conclusions: IL-26 is a novel prognostic factor for HCC after resection. Evaluation of IL-26 expression may be potentially valuable in clinical therapy when planning individualized follow-up schedule and evaluating candidates for prophylactic adjuvant treatment to prevent recurrence.
基金Supported by the 135 Project of Jiangsu Province, No. 044
文摘AIM： To investigate the immunogenidty of a novel DNA vacoine, pSW3891/HBc, based on HBV core gene in Balb/c mice. METHODS： A novel DNA vaccine, pSW3891/HBc, encoding HBV core gene was constructed using a vector plasmid pSW3891. Balb/c mice were immunized with either pSW3891/HBc or empty vector DNA via gene gun. IgG anti-HBc responses in mouse sera were demonstrated by ELISA. Specific cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes （CTLs） of mice was quantitatively measured by lactate dehydrogenase release assay. RESULTS： HBcAg was expressed effectively in 293T cell line transiently transfected with pSW3891/HBc. Strong IgG anti-HBc responses were elicited in mice immunized with pSW3891/HBc. The end-point titers of anti-HBc reached the highest 1：97 200, 4 wk after the third immunization. The specific CTL killing with the highest specific lysis reached 73.25% at effector：target ratio of 20：1 in mice that received pSW3891/HBc DNA vaccine. CONCLUSION： pSW3891/HBc vaccination elicits specific anti-HBc response and induces HBc-specific CTL response in immunized Balb/c mice.
基金supported by Grant from National Forestry and Grassland Administration(No.2019073018,2019073019,2019073002,2019073003)Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China"Survey and Germplasm Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in South-west China"(Grant No.2017FY100100)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31870195)Strategic Biological Resources Capacity Building Project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences"Seed Plants Research in Xishuangbanna Karst Region"(Grant No.KFJ-BRP-017-36)the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2017-LSFGBOWS-02)the National Wild Plant Germplasm Resource Center,National Science&Technology Infrastructure。
文摘Five new species(Gastrochilus yei,Gastrochilus minimus,Luisia simaoensis,Taeniophyllum xizangense,Tuberolabium subulatum)and two newly recorded species(Cleisostoma tricornutum,Luisia inconspicua)of Vandeae(Orchidaceae)from China are described and illustrated.Gastrochilus yei is similar to G.affinis and G.nepalensis,but differs from them by having an epichile not lobed,the apex of the hypochile not bilobed,and a tine on the apex of the leaf.Gastrochilus minimus is similar to G.acinacifolius,but can be distinguished from the latter by having a flabellate epichile that is densely hirsute on the adaxial surface and an inconspicuous central cushion;in addition,the hypochile of G.minimus has a keel that extends to the apex of the epichile.Taeniophyllum xizangense is similar to T.stella and T.radiatum,but it is distinguished from them by having much bigger flowers,inflorescences densely covered with short-bristly hairs,papillae on the external surface of sepals,and bigger triangular-ovate viscidium.Luisia simaoensis is similar to L magniflora and L ramosii,but can be easily distinguished from them by having lateral sepals longer than dorsal sepals and petals,lip with irregular and waved margins,and lip with bilobed apex.Luisia inconspicua is moved from Gastrochilus to Luisia based on phylogenetic analyses of plastid matK sequence data.Tuberolabium subulatum is similar to T.camosum,but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by having an inflorescence much shorter than the leaves,yellow sepals and petals,and many small papillae outside the lip lobes.
基金financially supported by National Forestry and Grassland Administration(2019073017,2019073019)National Science&Technology Infrastructure,the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017-LSFGBOWS-02)+2 种基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41672018,31670194,31870195)the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y4ZK111B01)National Wild Plant Germplasm Resource Center for Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland(ZWGX2003)。
文摘Eight new species from China,Cheirostylis chuxiongensis,C.yei,Myrmechis lingulata,M.longii,Bulbophyllum ximaense,B.xizangense,B.retusum and B.pulcherissimum,are described and illustrated.Cheirostylis chuxiongensis differs from C.thailandica by having 5-9 irregular and papillae-like calli on each side in the sac of the lip,epichile with entire lobes,petals narrowly obliquely obovate and an apex that is not recurved.Cheirostylis yei is easily distinguished from its relatives similar by having a long stem,pubescent ovary and sepals,epichile lobes with irregular and undulate margins,a subquadrate callus without teeth in the saccate hypochile.Myrmechis lingulata differs from M.chinensis by having a simple and lanceolate to ligulate lip,glabrous bracts and ovary,oblique and narrowly ovate petals.Myrmechis longii differs from M.pumila by having white-veined leaves,oblong-lanceolate epichile lobes,and viscidium attached to the middle of the caudicle.Bulbophyllum ximaense is easily distinguished from its relatives similar by having distant pseudobulbs,shorter scape,an inflorescence with 9-16 orange-red flowers,shorter lateral sepals with a long acuminate apex,incurved and tubular apical margins,a papillate lip disk and triangular-subulate stelidia.Bulbophyllum xizangense is easily distinguished from its relatives similar by having narrow lanceolate leaves,shorter inflorescence with 1-3 greenish-yellow flowers,falcate-ovoid lateral sepals,a lip with small lateral lobes and 3 keels at the base.Bulbophyllum retusum differs from B.spathulatum by having shorter inflorescence,peduncles with 2 tubular sheaths,dorsal sepals with a retuse apex,lateral sepals with lower edges that are connate to each other and free and divergent toward the apex,obovate petals with an acute or slightly retuse apex.Bulbophyllum pulcherissimum differs from B.lopalanthum by its 5-veined dorsal sepal,ovate-lanceolate lateral sepals,obliquely ovate-oblong petal,erose-toothed margins and obovate lip with a large,oblong basal callus,and an obtuse base.In addition,three species(Bulbophyllum frostii,B.raskotii and B.nematocaulon)are reported for the first time in China.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,as well as by a grant from the Technology Foundation and the National Key Project for Basic Research(973no.2007CB411600).
文摘Genera Lamiophlomis and Paraphlomis were originally separated from genus Phlomis s.1. on the basis of particular morphological characteristics. However, their relationship was highly contentious, as evidenced by the literature. In the present paper, the systematic positions of Lamiophlomis, Paraphlomis, and their related genera were assessed based on nuclear internal transcribed spacer （ITS） and chloroplast rpl16 and trnL-F sequence data using maximum parsimony （MP） and Bayesian methods. and outgroup were sampled. Analyses of both separate In total, 24 species representing six genera of the ingroup and combined sequence data were conducted to resolve the systematic relationships of these genera. The results reveal that Lamiophlomis is nested within Phlomis sect. Phlomoides and its generic status is not supported. With the inclusion ofLamiophlomis rotata in sect. Phlomoides, sections Phlomis and Phlomoides of Phlomis were resolved as monophyletic. Paraphlomis was supported as an independent genus. However, the resolution of its monophyly conflicted between MP and Bayesian analyses, suggesting the need for expended sampling and further evidence.
文摘The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on recent advances in heart transplantation in China.Despite advances in pharmacologic and device treatment of chronic heart failure,long-term morbidity and mortality remain high,and many patients progress to end-stage heart failure.Heart transplantation has become standard treatment for selected patients with end-stage heart failure,though challenges still exist.However,multiple advances over the past few years will improve the survival and quality-of-life of heart transplant recipients.This article elaborates on the specific characteristics of heart transplantation in China,the current issues,development trends,and related experiences with heart transplantation in Wuhan Union Hospital.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the benefit and safety of sivelestat(a neutrophil elastase inhibitor) administration in patients undergoing esophagectomy. METHODS: Online databases including Pub Med, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge, and Chinese databases(Wanfang database, VIP and CNKI) were searched systematically up to November 2013. Randomized controlled trials and high-qualitycomparative studies were considered eligible for inclusion. Three reviewers evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies, and Stata 12.0 software was used to analyze the extracted data. The risk ratio(RR) was used to express the effect size of dichotomous outcomes, and mean difference(MD) or standardized mean difference was used to express the effect size of continuous outcomes.RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review and nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly decreased in the sivelestat group on postoperative day 5 [I2 = 76.3%, SMD =-1.41, 95%CI:-2.63-(-0.19)]. Sivelestat greatly lowered the incidence of acute lung injury in patients after surgery(I2 = 0%, RR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.08-0.93). However, it did not decrease the incidence of pneumonia, intensive care unit stay or postoperative hospital stay, and did not increase the incidence of complications such as anastomotic leakage, recurrent nerve palsy, wound infection, sepsis and catheter-related fever. CONCLUSION: A neutrophil elastase inhibitor is beneficial in patients undergoing esophagectomy. More high quality, large sample, multi-center and randomized controlled trials are needed to validate this effect.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(31802083)the China Agriculture(Dairy)Research System(CARS-36).
文摘Background:The local supply of energy-yielding nutrients such as glucose seems to affect the synthesis of milk components in the mammary gland(MG).Thus,our study was conducted to investigate the effects of locally available MG glucose supply(LMGS)on amino acid(AA)sensing and utilization in the MG of lactating dairy goats.Six dosages of glucose(0,20,40,60,80,and 100 g/d)were infused into the MG through the external pudendal artery to investigate the dose-dependent changes in mammary AA uptake and utilization(Exp.1)and the changes in mRNA and protein expression of the AMPK-mTOR pathway(Expt.2).Results:In Exp.1,total milk AA concentration was highest when goats were infused with 60 g/d glucose,but lower when goats were infused with 0 and 100 g/d glucose.Increasing LMGS quadratically changed the percentages ofαS2-casein andα-lactalbumin in milk protein,which increased with infusions from 0 to 60 g/d glucose and then decreased with infusions between 60 and 100 g/d glucose.The LMGS changed the AA availability and intramammary gland AA utilization,as reflected by the mammary AA flux indexes.In Exp.2,the mRNA expression of LALBA in the MG increased quadratically with increasing LMGS,with the highest expression at dose of 60 g/d glucose.A high glucose dosage(100 g/d)activated the general control nonderepressible 2 kinase,an intracellular sensor of AA status,resulting in a reduced total milk AA concentration.Conclusions:Our new findings suggest that the lactating MG in dairy goats may be affected by LMGS through regulation of the AA sensory pathway,AA utilization and protein synthesis,all being driven by the AMPK-mTOR pathway.
基金Supported by Guangxi Scientific Researc Project of Institutions of Higher Education (No 201204LX046)
文摘AIM: To investigate the corneal endothelial cell density and morphology and central corneal thickness in the Guangxi Maonan and Han adolescent students of China.METHODS: Noncontact specular microscope(Topcon SP3000 P, Tokyo, Japan) was performed in 133 adolescent students of Maonan nationality(M:F 54:79)and 105 adolescent students of Han nationality(M:F 50:55),5 to 20 y of age, who were randomly selected from 3schools in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China.Parameters studied included endothelial cell density,mean cell area, coefficient of variation in cell size,percentage hexagonality and central corneal thickness. RESULTS: Endothelial cell density, mean cell area,coefficient of variation in cell size, percentage hexagonality and central corneal thickness in the study population were(2969.50 ±253.93) cells/mm2,(339.23 ±29.44) μm2,(29.96 ±4.07) %,(64.58 ±9.41) % and(523.71 ±32.82) μm in Maonan and(2998.26 ±262.65) cells/mm2,(336.11±30.07) μm2,(29.89±5.03) %,(64.91±11.64) % and(524.39 ±33.15) μm in Han, respectively. No significant differences were observed in endothelial cell density,mean cell area, coefficient of variation in cell size,percentage hexagonality and central corneal thickness between Maonan and Han(P =0.615, 0.659, 0.528, 0.551,0.999). In Maonan and Han, we found age was negatively correlated with endothelial cell density and percentagehexagonality and positively correlated with mean cell area and coefficient of variation in cell size. Negative correlation was also found between central corneal thickness and age in Han, whereas no correlation was found in Maonan. CONCLUSION: There were no differences between Maonan and Han in corneal endothelial cell density and morphology and central corneal thickness. In these two nationalities, there were statistically significant decrease in endothelial cell density and percentage hexagonality with increasing age and statistically significant increase in cell area and coefficient of variation in cell size with increasing age. Central corneal thinned with increasing age in Han, whereas difference did not attain statistical significance in Maonan.
文摘Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, operative methods, and diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） in tile resection of intrinsic insular gliomas via transsylvian approach. Methods From June 2008 to June 2010, 12 patients with intrinsic insular gliomas were treated via transsylvian microsurgical approach, with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor imaging （MR DTI） evaluation. The data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients had astrocytoma, including 8 patients of Grades 1 to II, 2 patients of Grades III to IV, and 2 patients of mixed glial tumors. The insular tumors were completely removed in 9 patients, whereas they were only partially removed from 3 patients. No death was related to the operations. Two patients had transient aphasia, 2 experienced worsened hemiplegia on opposite sides of their bodies, and 2 had mild hemiplegia and language function disturbance. Conclusions Most of tile insular gliomas are of low grade. By evaluating the damage of the corticospinal tract through DTI and using ultrasonography to locate the tumors during operation, microsurgery treatment removes the lesions as much as possible, protects the surrounding areas, reduces the mobility rate, and improves the postoperative quality of life.
