AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM) peeling for diabetic macular edema(DME). METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, SionMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, ...AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM) peeling for diabetic macular edema(DME). METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, SionMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI databases and Wanfang databases, published until Oct. 2017, were searched to identify studies comparing the clinical outcomes following vitrectomy with and without ILM peeling, for treating DME. Pooled results were expressed as odds ratios(ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CI) for vitrectomy with and without ILM peeling with regard to best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), and complication incidents. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies involving 857 eyes were included of which three studies were Chinese and the rests were English literatures. Meta-analysis indicated that compared with vitrectomy alone, vitrectomy with ILM peeling could improve BCVA more obviously(OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.12-2.46, P=0.01) and had higher rate of CMT reduction(OR=3.89, 95%CI: 1.37-11.11, P=0.01). There were significant statistical differences between the two surgical methods for both BCVA and CMT(P<0.05). For the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications, the incidence of epiretinal membrane(ERM) was slightly lower in the ILM peeling group than the group without ILM peeling(OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.07-2.00, P=0.25), although insignificant statistically. Other incidences of overall complications, iatrogenic peripheral retinal break and increased intraocular pressure indicated no significant difference between two groups(OR=1.19, 95%CI: 0.82-1.73, P=0.36; OR=1.21, 95%CI: 0.66-2.21, P=0.53; OR=1.34, 95%CI: 0.75-2.40, P=0.32). CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy is effective for DME and the effect can be improved by additional ILM peeling, especially for anatomical efficacy, without increasing the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications. However, it is imperative to gain more evaluation in the future due to the paucity of prospective randomized study.展开更多
Vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling is popular for the treatment of macular hole(MH).However,the improvements of MH closure rate and postoperative visual acuity are not satisfactory especia...Vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling is popular for the treatment of macular hole(MH).However,the improvements of MH closure rate and postoperative visual acuity are not satisfactory especially in large and refractory MHs.Currently,the ILM flap technique has gradually been applied for the treatment of MH and achieved high MH closure rate.The ILM flap technique has many variations,including the difference of the size,shape,number,and manner in which the flaps put on the MHs.The ILM flap technique also has some auxiliary means including perfluoro-n-octane(PFO),dye,autologous blood and adhesive viscoelastics.There is controversy about the effects between several technique variations of ILM flap,and it needs to be explored in the future.展开更多
Ischemic and neovascular disease is one of the most difficult ocular diseases to deal with nowadays.Redundancy,poor visual acuity and decreased life quality are bothering patients and ophthalmologists for decades.Afte...Ischemic and neovascular disease is one of the most difficult ocular diseases to deal with nowadays.Redundancy,poor visual acuity and decreased life quality are bothering patients and ophthalmologists for decades.After vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)was found to be a primary factor in promoting retinal angiogenesis,intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs has been the firstline treatment.Whereas,some patients are refractory to this therapy and problems of economic burden,local complications and adverse effects promote researches into other possible targets.The vasohibin(VASH)family is a newly-investigated factor in modulating ocular angiogenesis.The family includes VASH1 and VASH2,which show opposite effects of inhibiting and accelerating angiogenesis respectively.Positive results have been reported in cellular and animal experiments.With further researches,it can be a promising future target of treating ocular neovascular diseases.展开更多
Necrosis of nipple-areola complex is one of the major complications of breast reduction in gigatomastia.Wie present a case study of a 32-year-old patient with severe gigantomastia,who required an immediate nipple reco...Necrosis of nipple-areola complex is one of the major complications of breast reduction in gigatomastia.Wie present a case study of a 32-year-old patient with severe gigantomastia,who required an immediate nipple reconstruction during breast reduction.The final reconstruction was satisfactory.No complications were observed within three months postoperatively.展开更多
Fruit curving lowers the commercial value of cucumber and leads to significant economic losses.The mechanism driving the abnormal curving of cucumber is largely unknown.Through our previous work,we discovered that 2 d...Fruit curving lowers the commercial value of cucumber and leads to significant economic losses.The mechanism driving the abnormal curving of cucumber is largely unknown.Through our previous work,we discovered that 2 days post-anthesis(DPA)was the key time point at which various phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cucumber fruits are determined.Here,we analyzed the transcriptome of the concave(C1)and convex(C2)sides of curved fruits at 2 DPA by Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment and functional pathway enrichment analyses and identified auxin as a putative factor influencing fruit curvature.Changes in the curve angle in the fruits and exogenous auxin treatment analyses showed that asymmetric auxin distribution induces fruit curving.Identification of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to auxin and qPCR validation showed that CsYUC10b had the most significant differential expression when both sides of the curved fruits were compared.Gene functional analysis showed that the transcript levels of CsYUC10b and the auxin concentration were even on both sides of the fruit in CsYUC10b-overexpressing plants,which in turn contributed to an equal rate of growth of both sides of cucumber fruits and resulted in a straight shape of the fruits.Thus,we conclude that CsYUC10b promotes the formation of straight cucumber fruits,with possible applications in the production and breeding of cucumber.展开更多
Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease secondary to diabetic retinopathy resulting in permanent loss of vision despite available treatment options. Main vision impending complication of reti...Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease secondary to diabetic retinopathy resulting in permanent loss of vision despite available treatment options. Main vision impending complication of retinal vein occlusion is macular edema. Laser photocoagulation has been an established method for treating macular edema for many years but nowadays intravitreal injection of Anti-Vascular endothelial growth factors (Ranibizumab, Aflibercept Bevacizumab and Pegaptanib sodium) is the treatment of choice for macular edema from retinal vein occlusion. Intra-vitreal corticosteroids Triamcinolone Acetonide and Dexamethasone implant, are also being used to treat in some macular edema cases but with higher rates of side effects. Numerous surgical methods have been attempted for treating RVO and preventing macular edema;they include pars plana vitrectomy, radial optic neurotomy, laser induced chorioretinal anastomosis, and arteriovenous sheathotomy. Surgical methods supposedly relieve compression of the central retinal vein, altering the pathophysiology of vein occlusion at the level of the lamina cribrosa thus improving blood flow and oxygenation. But limitations result from its complications.展开更多
Capsular contracture is a prevalent and severe complication that affects the post-operative outcomes of patients who receive silicone breast implants.At present,prosthesis replacement is the major treatment for capsul...Capsular contracture is a prevalent and severe complication that affects the post-operative outcomes of patients who receive silicone breast implants.At present,prosthesis replacement is the major treatment for capsular contracture after both breast augmentation procedures and breast reconstruction following breast cancer surgery.However,the mecha-nism(s)underlying breast capsular contracture remains unclear.This study aimed to identify the biological features of breast capsular contracture and reveal the potential underlying mechanism using RNA sequencing.Sample tissues from 12 female patients(15 breast capsules)were divided into low capsular contracture(LCC)and high capsular contracture(HCC)groups based on the Baker grades.Subsequently,41 lipid metabolism-related genes were identified through enrichment analysis,and three of these genes were identified as candidate genes by SVM-RFE and LASSO algorithms.We then compared the proportions of the 22 types of im-mune cells between the LCC and HCC groups using a CIBERSORT analysis and explored the Cor-relation between the candidate hub features and immune cells.Notably,PRKAR2B was positively correlated with the differentially clustered immune cells,which were M1 macro-phages and follicular helper T cells(area under the ROC=0.786).In addition,the expression of PRKAR2B at the mRNA or protein level was lower in the HCC group than in the LCC group.Potential molecular mechanisms were identified based on the expression levels in the high and low PRKAR2B groups.Our findings indicate that PRKAR2B is a novel diagnostic biomarker for breast capsular contracture and might also influence the grade and progression of capsularcontracture.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)for diabetic macular edema(DME)in vitrectomized versus non-vitrectomized eyes.METHODS:The PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,Cochrane,EBSCO were c...AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)for diabetic macular edema(DME)in vitrectomized versus non-vitrectomized eyes.METHODS:The PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,Cochrane,EBSCO were comprehensively searched for studies comparing vitrectomized and non-vitrectomized eyes with DME.Clinical outcomes of best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),the mean number of intravitreal injection and adverse events were extracted and analyzed.RESULTS:Six studies involving 641 eyes were included.Final visual gain significantly improved and CMT significantly reduced in vitrectomized eyes at 6mo and 12mo visits(P<0.05).Although the mean reduction in CMT among non-vitrectomized eyes was significantly greater than in vitrectomized eyes at the 6mo[mean difference(MD)=53.57,95%confidence interval(CI):28.03 to 78.72,P<0.0001]and 12mo(MD=49.65,95%CI:19.58 to 79.72,P=0.01),no significant difference was detected in improvement in BCVA at either 6mo(MD=0.05,95%CI:-0.02 to 0.13,P=0.14)or 12mo(MD=0.03,95%CI:-0.04 to 0.09,P=0.43).Injection number of ranibizumab in non-vitrectomized eyes was significantly less than that in vitrectomized eyes during 6-month period(MD=0.60,95%CI:0.16 to 1.04,P=0.008),while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups during 12mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION:Evidence from current study suggests that IVR was useful for both vitrectomized group and nonvitrectomized group with DME.Although less reduction in macular thickness is found in vitrectomized group,visual improvement between two groups is similar.展开更多
Background:Autologous fat grafting has gained popularity in breast augmentation.Various methods can be used to estimate the volume retention rate.This systematic review aimed to establish whether the type of method us...Background:Autologous fat grafting has gained popularity in breast augmentation.Various methods can be used to estimate the volume retention rate.This systematic review aimed to establish whether the type of method used for measuring breast volume is a factor that influences the reported volume retention rate.Methods:Studies were identified using the electronic databases PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and Web of Science from inception of the database up to February 2019.Articles describing autologous fat grafting for breast augmentation were selected based on pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria.The characteristics of the included studies were summarized,and the reported volume retention rate from the studies was compared.A quality assessment of all included articles was performed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies criteria.Results:A total of 618 articles were identified,of which 12 studies,with a total of 1337 cases,were eligible.The retention rate of injected adipose tissue varied when the method of fat grafting and volume analysis used were both the same,as well as when the method of fat grafting was the same but the method of volumetric evaluation used was different.Conclusions:Currently,the tools available for estimating the volume retention rate come with limitations.In order to objectively evaluate the percentage of graft retention,a standard protocol that applies to the different methods should be established in the future.展开更多
We demonstrate generation of 7.6 fs near-UV pulses centered at 400 nm via 8-fold soliton-effect self-compression in an Ar-filled hollow-core kagomé-style photonic crystal fiber with ultrathin core walls.Analytica...We demonstrate generation of 7.6 fs near-UV pulses centered at 400 nm via 8-fold soliton-effect self-compression in an Ar-filled hollow-core kagomé-style photonic crystal fiber with ultrathin core walls.Analytical calculations of the effective compression length and soliton order permit adjustment of the experimental parameters,and numerical modeling of the nonlinear pulse dynamics in the fiber accurately predicts the spectrotemporal profiles of the self-compressed pulses.After compensation of phase distortion introduced by the optical elements along the beam path from the fiber to the diagnostics,71%of the pulse energy was in the main temporal lobe,with peak powers in excess of 0.2 GW.The convenient setup opens up new opportunities for time-resolved studies in spectroscopy,chemistry,and materials science.展开更多
Background:COVID-19 has had a considerable impact on society since 2019,and the disease has high mortality and infection rates.There has been a particular focus on how to best manage COVID-19 and how to analyze and pr...Background:COVID-19 has had a considerable impact on society since 2019,and the disease has high mortality and infection rates.There has been a particular focus on how to best manage COVID-19 and how to analyze and predict the epidemic status of infectious diseases in general.Methods The present study analyzed the COVID-19 epidemic patterns and made predictions of future trends based on the statistics obtained from a global infectious disease network data monitoring and early warning system(OBN,http://27.115.41.130:8888/OBN/).The development trends of other major infectious diseases were also examined.Results The global COVID-19 pandemic showed periodic increases throughout 2021.At present,there is a high incidence in European countries,especially in Eastern Europe,followed by in Africa.The risk of contracting COVID-19 was divided into high,medium–high,medium,medium–low,and low grades depending on the stage of the epidemic in each examined region over the current period.The occurrence and prevalence of major infectious diseases throughout the world did not significantly change in 2021.Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted people’s lives and the economy.The effects of global infectious diseases can be ameliorated by strengthening monitoring and early warning systems and by facilitating the international exchange of information.展开更多
We summarized the basic practices and characteristics of epidemic reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of epidemic data reporting,we put...We summarized the basic practices and characteristics of epidemic reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of epidemic data reporting,we put forward some suggestions that should be used for reference and thus improve the epidemic data reports of infectious diseases.展开更多
文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM) peeling for diabetic macular edema(DME). METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, SionMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI databases and Wanfang databases, published until Oct. 2017, were searched to identify studies comparing the clinical outcomes following vitrectomy with and without ILM peeling, for treating DME. Pooled results were expressed as odds ratios(ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CI) for vitrectomy with and without ILM peeling with regard to best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), and complication incidents. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies involving 857 eyes were included of which three studies were Chinese and the rests were English literatures. Meta-analysis indicated that compared with vitrectomy alone, vitrectomy with ILM peeling could improve BCVA more obviously(OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.12-2.46, P=0.01) and had higher rate of CMT reduction(OR=3.89, 95%CI: 1.37-11.11, P=0.01). There were significant statistical differences between the two surgical methods for both BCVA and CMT(P<0.05). For the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications, the incidence of epiretinal membrane(ERM) was slightly lower in the ILM peeling group than the group without ILM peeling(OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.07-2.00, P=0.25), although insignificant statistically. Other incidences of overall complications, iatrogenic peripheral retinal break and increased intraocular pressure indicated no significant difference between two groups(OR=1.19, 95%CI: 0.82-1.73, P=0.36; OR=1.21, 95%CI: 0.66-2.21, P=0.53; OR=1.34, 95%CI: 0.75-2.40, P=0.32). CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy is effective for DME and the effect can be improved by additional ILM peeling, especially for anatomical efficacy, without increasing the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications. However, it is imperative to gain more evaluation in the future due to the paucity of prospective randomized study.
文摘Vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling is popular for the treatment of macular hole(MH).However,the improvements of MH closure rate and postoperative visual acuity are not satisfactory especially in large and refractory MHs.Currently,the ILM flap technique has gradually been applied for the treatment of MH and achieved high MH closure rate.The ILM flap technique has many variations,including the difference of the size,shape,number,and manner in which the flaps put on the MHs.The ILM flap technique also has some auxiliary means including perfluoro-n-octane(PFO),dye,autologous blood and adhesive viscoelastics.There is controversy about the effects between several technique variations of ILM flap,and it needs to be explored in the future.
基金Supported by Natural Science Fund Project in Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180380)Nanjing Health Commission(No.YKK18260)。
文摘Ischemic and neovascular disease is one of the most difficult ocular diseases to deal with nowadays.Redundancy,poor visual acuity and decreased life quality are bothering patients and ophthalmologists for decades.After vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)was found to be a primary factor in promoting retinal angiogenesis,intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs has been the firstline treatment.Whereas,some patients are refractory to this therapy and problems of economic burden,local complications and adverse effects promote researches into other possible targets.The vasohibin(VASH)family is a newly-investigated factor in modulating ocular angiogenesis.The family includes VASH1 and VASH2,which show opposite effects of inhibiting and accelerating angiogenesis respectively.Positive results have been reported in cellular and animal experiments.With further researches,it can be a promising future target of treating ocular neovascular diseases.
文摘Necrosis of nipple-areola complex is one of the major complications of breast reduction in gigatomastia.Wie present a case study of a 32-year-old patient with severe gigantomastia,who required an immediate nipple reconstruction during breast reduction.The final reconstruction was satisfactory.No complications were observed within three months postoperatively.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program for Breeding Seven Key Crops(2016YFD0101700)the Academic Backbone Project of Northeast Agricultural University(18XG06)+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund(LBHQ16021)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(LH2019C033).
文摘Fruit curving lowers the commercial value of cucumber and leads to significant economic losses.The mechanism driving the abnormal curving of cucumber is largely unknown.Through our previous work,we discovered that 2 days post-anthesis(DPA)was the key time point at which various phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cucumber fruits are determined.Here,we analyzed the transcriptome of the concave(C1)and convex(C2)sides of curved fruits at 2 DPA by Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment and functional pathway enrichment analyses and identified auxin as a putative factor influencing fruit curvature.Changes in the curve angle in the fruits and exogenous auxin treatment analyses showed that asymmetric auxin distribution induces fruit curving.Identification of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to auxin and qPCR validation showed that CsYUC10b had the most significant differential expression when both sides of the curved fruits were compared.Gene functional analysis showed that the transcript levels of CsYUC10b and the auxin concentration were even on both sides of the fruit in CsYUC10b-overexpressing plants,which in turn contributed to an equal rate of growth of both sides of cucumber fruits and resulted in a straight shape of the fruits.Thus,we conclude that CsYUC10b promotes the formation of straight cucumber fruits,with possible applications in the production and breeding of cucumber.
文摘Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease secondary to diabetic retinopathy resulting in permanent loss of vision despite available treatment options. Main vision impending complication of retinal vein occlusion is macular edema. Laser photocoagulation has been an established method for treating macular edema for many years but nowadays intravitreal injection of Anti-Vascular endothelial growth factors (Ranibizumab, Aflibercept Bevacizumab and Pegaptanib sodium) is the treatment of choice for macular edema from retinal vein occlusion. Intra-vitreal corticosteroids Triamcinolone Acetonide and Dexamethasone implant, are also being used to treat in some macular edema cases but with higher rates of side effects. Numerous surgical methods have been attempted for treating RVO and preventing macular edema;they include pars plana vitrectomy, radial optic neurotomy, laser induced chorioretinal anastomosis, and arteriovenous sheathotomy. Surgical methods supposedly relieve compression of the central retinal vein, altering the pathophysiology of vein occlusion at the level of the lamina cribrosa thus improving blood flow and oxygenation. But limitations result from its complications.
文摘Capsular contracture is a prevalent and severe complication that affects the post-operative outcomes of patients who receive silicone breast implants.At present,prosthesis replacement is the major treatment for capsular contracture after both breast augmentation procedures and breast reconstruction following breast cancer surgery.However,the mecha-nism(s)underlying breast capsular contracture remains unclear.This study aimed to identify the biological features of breast capsular contracture and reveal the potential underlying mechanism using RNA sequencing.Sample tissues from 12 female patients(15 breast capsules)were divided into low capsular contracture(LCC)and high capsular contracture(HCC)groups based on the Baker grades.Subsequently,41 lipid metabolism-related genes were identified through enrichment analysis,and three of these genes were identified as candidate genes by SVM-RFE and LASSO algorithms.We then compared the proportions of the 22 types of im-mune cells between the LCC and HCC groups using a CIBERSORT analysis and explored the Cor-relation between the candidate hub features and immune cells.Notably,PRKAR2B was positively correlated with the differentially clustered immune cells,which were M1 macro-phages and follicular helper T cells(area under the ROC=0.786).In addition,the expression of PRKAR2B at the mRNA or protein level was lower in the HCC group than in the LCC group.Potential molecular mechanisms were identified based on the expression levels in the high and low PRKAR2B groups.Our findings indicate that PRKAR2B is a novel diagnostic biomarker for breast capsular contracture and might also influence the grade and progression of capsularcontracture.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)for diabetic macular edema(DME)in vitrectomized versus non-vitrectomized eyes.METHODS:The PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,Cochrane,EBSCO were comprehensively searched for studies comparing vitrectomized and non-vitrectomized eyes with DME.Clinical outcomes of best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),the mean number of intravitreal injection and adverse events were extracted and analyzed.RESULTS:Six studies involving 641 eyes were included.Final visual gain significantly improved and CMT significantly reduced in vitrectomized eyes at 6mo and 12mo visits(P<0.05).Although the mean reduction in CMT among non-vitrectomized eyes was significantly greater than in vitrectomized eyes at the 6mo[mean difference(MD)=53.57,95%confidence interval(CI):28.03 to 78.72,P<0.0001]and 12mo(MD=49.65,95%CI:19.58 to 79.72,P=0.01),no significant difference was detected in improvement in BCVA at either 6mo(MD=0.05,95%CI:-0.02 to 0.13,P=0.14)or 12mo(MD=0.03,95%CI:-0.04 to 0.09,P=0.43).Injection number of ranibizumab in non-vitrectomized eyes was significantly less than that in vitrectomized eyes during 6-month period(MD=0.60,95%CI:0.16 to 1.04,P=0.008),while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups during 12mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION:Evidence from current study suggests that IVR was useful for both vitrectomized group and nonvitrectomized group with DME.Although less reduction in macular thickness is found in vitrectomized group,visual improvement between two groups is similar.
文摘Background:Autologous fat grafting has gained popularity in breast augmentation.Various methods can be used to estimate the volume retention rate.This systematic review aimed to establish whether the type of method used for measuring breast volume is a factor that influences the reported volume retention rate.Methods:Studies were identified using the electronic databases PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and Web of Science from inception of the database up to February 2019.Articles describing autologous fat grafting for breast augmentation were selected based on pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria.The characteristics of the included studies were summarized,and the reported volume retention rate from the studies was compared.A quality assessment of all included articles was performed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies criteria.Results:A total of 618 articles were identified,of which 12 studies,with a total of 1337 cases,were eligible.The retention rate of injected adipose tissue varied when the method of fat grafting and volume analysis used were both the same,as well as when the method of fat grafting was the same but the method of volumetric evaluation used was different.Conclusions:Currently,the tools available for estimating the volume retention rate come with limitations.In order to objectively evaluate the percentage of graft retention,a standard protocol that applies to the different methods should be established in the future.
基金Max-Planck-GesellschaftMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad(PGC2018-101997-B-I00)+2 种基金Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(PID2021-123131NA-I00,TED2021-129959B-C21)Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza(IT1452-22)ELKARTEK(KK 2021/00082,KK 2021/00092).
文摘We demonstrate generation of 7.6 fs near-UV pulses centered at 400 nm via 8-fold soliton-effect self-compression in an Ar-filled hollow-core kagomé-style photonic crystal fiber with ultrathin core walls.Analytical calculations of the effective compression length and soliton order permit adjustment of the experimental parameters,and numerical modeling of the nonlinear pulse dynamics in the fiber accurately predicts the spectrotemporal profiles of the self-compressed pulses.After compensation of phase distortion introduced by the optical elements along the beam path from the fiber to the diagnostics,71%of the pulse energy was in the main temporal lobe,with peak powers in excess of 0.2 GW.The convenient setup opens up new opportunities for time-resolved studies in spectroscopy,chemistry,and materials science.
文摘Background:COVID-19 has had a considerable impact on society since 2019,and the disease has high mortality and infection rates.There has been a particular focus on how to best manage COVID-19 and how to analyze and predict the epidemic status of infectious diseases in general.Methods The present study analyzed the COVID-19 epidemic patterns and made predictions of future trends based on the statistics obtained from a global infectious disease network data monitoring and early warning system(OBN,http://27.115.41.130:8888/OBN/).The development trends of other major infectious diseases were also examined.Results The global COVID-19 pandemic showed periodic increases throughout 2021.At present,there is a high incidence in European countries,especially in Eastern Europe,followed by in Africa.The risk of contracting COVID-19 was divided into high,medium–high,medium,medium–low,and low grades depending on the stage of the epidemic in each examined region over the current period.The occurrence and prevalence of major infectious diseases throughout the world did not significantly change in 2021.Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted people’s lives and the economy.The effects of global infectious diseases can be ameliorated by strengthening monitoring and early warning systems and by facilitating the international exchange of information.
文摘We summarized the basic practices and characteristics of epidemic reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of epidemic data reporting,we put forward some suggestions that should be used for reference and thus improve the epidemic data reports of infectious diseases.
