The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has rendered numerous landslides to a global natural disaster issue.It is crucial to rapidly and accurately determine the boundaries of landslides for geohazards evalu...The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has rendered numerous landslides to a global natural disaster issue.It is crucial to rapidly and accurately determine the boundaries of landslides for geohazards evaluation and emergency response.Therefore,the Skip Connection DeepLab neural network(SCDnn),a deep learning model based on 770 optical remote sensing images of landslide,is proposed to improve the accuracy of landslide boundary detection.The SCDnn model is optimized for the over-segmentation issue which occurs in conventional deep learning models when there is a significant degree of similarity between topographical geomorphic features.SCDnn exhibits notable improvements in landslide feature extraction and semantic segmentation by combining an enhanced Atrous Spatial Pyramid Convolutional Block(ASPC)with a coding structure that reduces model complexity.The experimental results demonstrate that SCDnn can identify landslide boundaries in 119 images with MIoU values between 0.8and 0.9;while 52 images with MIoU values exceeding 0.9,which exceeds the identification accuracy of existing techniques.This work can offer a novel technique for the automatic extensive identification of landslide boundaries in remote sensing images in addition to establishing the groundwork for future inve stigations and applications in related domains.展开更多
BACKGROUND In this randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing current acupuncture with carbamazepine for trigeminal neuralgia,meta-and sequential analyses were utilized.AIM To guide clinical decision making regarding t...BACKGROUND In this randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing current acupuncture with carbamazepine for trigeminal neuralgia,meta-and sequential analyses were utilized.AIM To guide clinical decision making regarding the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with carbamazepine.METHODS The RCT literature on needle comparison was searched in various Chinese biomedical databases including Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,Wanfang Data,VIP Database,as well as international databases such as Excerpt Medica Database,Cochrane Library,PubMed,and Web of Science,along with related clinical registration platforms such as World Health Organization International Clinical Trial Registry Platform,ChiCTR,and Clinical Trials up to 1 April 2020.Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaborative Risk Bias tool,primary outcome measures(pain reduction)were analyzed using STATA metaanalysis,outcome measures were analyzed using trial sequential analysis 0.9.5.10 Beta sequential analysis,GRADE was used to assess the evidence,and adverse reactions were documented.RESULTS This study analyzed 16 RCTs with a total of 1231 participants.The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in pain reduction between acupuncture and carbamazepine[standardized mean difference(SMD)=1.47;95%confidence interval(CI):0.99-1.95],although the quality of evidence was deemed to be of extremely low quality.Cumulative meta-analysis based on the year of publication indicated that carbamazepine treatment first demonstrated a statistically significant difference in pain reduction in 2014 and remained relatively stable over time[SMD=1.84;95%CI:0.22-3.47].Additionally,the number of adverse events associated with acupuncture was significantly lower compared to carbamazepine.CONCLUSION Acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia is better than analgesia and safer than carbamazepine;however,firm conclusions still require a high-quality,multicenter,large-sample RCT to confirm these findings.展开更多
Water is the most abundant molecule found on the earth’s surface and is a key factor in multiscale rock destruction.However,given the fine-grained nature of rock and the complexity of its internal structure,the micro...Water is the most abundant molecule found on the earth’s surface and is a key factor in multiscale rock destruction.However,given the fine-grained nature of rock and the complexity of its internal structure,the microstructural evolution of rock under the action of water has not yet been elucidated in detail,and little is understood about the relationship between the rock structure and solideliquid unit.A variety of techniques were used in this study to track the mechanical properties,pore and crack characteristics,and mineral structure degradation characteristics of sandstone at different stages under the action of deionized water,and the evolution mechanisms of the microstructure were analyzed at the molecular scale.The results showed that during the watererock interaction process,water was adsorbed onto the surface of dolomite minerals and the hydrophilic surface of clay minerals,forming a high-density hydrogen bond network.However,different mineral surface structures had different water adsorption structures,resulting in the strain of the dense clay mineral aggregates under expansion action.Stress concentrated at crack tips under the capillary force of dolomite minerals(very weak dolomite dissolution).These effects resulted in a substantial increase in the number of small pores and enhancements in poreecrack connectivity,and the rock strength exhibited varying degrees of decline at different stages of wet-dry cycles.In general,the results of this paper will help to further elucidate the internal connections between molecular-scale and macroscale processes in rock science.展开更多
Delirium is a severe acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that commonly occurs in the elderly and is considered an independent risk factor for later dementia.However,given its inherent complexity,few animal models of delir...Delirium is a severe acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that commonly occurs in the elderly and is considered an independent risk factor for later dementia.However,given its inherent complexity,few animal models of delirium have been established and the mechanism underlying the onset of delirium remains elusive.Here,we conducted a comparison of three mouse models of delirium induced by clinically relevant risk factors,including anesthesia with surgery(AS),systemic inflammation,and neurotransmission modulation.We found that both bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and cholinergic receptor antagonist scopolamine(Scop)induction reduced neuronal activities in the delirium-related brain network,with the latter presenting a similar pattern of reduction as found in delirium patients.Consistently,Scop injection resulted in reversible cognitive impairment with hyperactive behavior.No loss of cholinergic neurons was found with treatment,but hippocampal synaptic functions were affected.These findings provide further clues regarding the mechanism underlying delirium onset and demonstrate the successful application of the Scop injection model in mimicking delirium-like phenotypes in mice.展开更多
Achieving accurate classification of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy can avoid unnecessary endoscopic biopsy or resection.This study aimed to develop a deep learning model that can automatically classify colorect...Achieving accurate classification of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy can avoid unnecessary endoscopic biopsy or resection.This study aimed to develop a deep learning model that can automatically classify colorectal polyps histologically on white-light and narrow-band imaging(NBI)colonoscopy images based on World Health Organization(WHO)and Workgroup serrAted polypS and Polyposis(WASP)classification criteria for colorectal polyps.White-light and NBI colonoscopy images of colorectal polyps exhibiting pathological results were firstly collected and classified into four categories:conventional adenoma,hyperplastic polyp,sessile serrated adenoma/polyp(SSAP)and normal,among which conventional adenoma could be further divided into three sub-categories of tubular adenoma,villous adenoma and villioustublar adenoma,subsequently the images were re-classified into six categories.In this paper,we proposed a novel convolutional neural network termed Polyp-DedNet for the four-and six-category classification tasks of colorectal polyps.Based on the existing classification network ResNet50,Polyp-DedNet adopted dilated convolution to retain more high-dimensional spatial information and an Efficient Channel Attention(ECA)module to improve the classification performance further.To eliminate gridding artifacts caused by dilated convolutions,traditional convolutional layers were used instead of the max pooling layer,and two convolutional layers with progressively decreasing dilation were added at the end of the network.Due to the inevitable imbalance of medical image data,a regularization method DropBlock and a Class-Balanced(CB)Loss were performed to prevent network overfitting.Furthermore,the 5-fold cross-validation was adopted to estimate the performance of Polyp-DedNet for the multi-classification task of colorectal polyps.Mean accuracies of the proposed Polyp-DedNet for the four-and six-category classifications of colorectal polyps were 89.91%±0.92%and 85.13%±1.10%,respectively.The metrics of precision,recall and F1-score were also improved by 1%∼2%compared to the baseline ResNet50.The proposed Polyp-DedNet presented state-of-the-art performance for colorectal polyp classifying on white-light and NBI colonoscopy images,highlighting its considerable potential as an AI-assistant system for accurate colorectal polyp diagnosis in colonoscopy.展开更多
This paper describes the capability of remote sensing in the monitoring of rangeland vegetation productivities and dynamics in the foothill areas of Uzbekistan, in order to enhance the sustainable utilization of natur...This paper describes the capability of remote sensing in the monitoring of rangeland vegetation productivities and dynamics in the foothill areas of Uzbekistan, in order to enhance the sustainable utilization of natural resources. Seasonal productivity, including above-ground biomass, density, coverage, foliar chlorophyll, and carotene content, was measured for the Artemisia diffusa, the dominant species of the study area. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), extracted from time-series Landsat TM5 satellite images, was used to obtain pertinent data regarding vegetation coverage and potential productivities. Seasonal precipitation was found to be a key factor in governing soil moisture in the semi-arid foothill rangelands, which directly influence the dynamics of plants and productivities. Precipitation and soil moisture determine the length of the plant growing season and further influence NDVI values. We found that time-series NDVI was significantly correlated with the seasonal green and total above-ground biomass of vegetation and coverage of Artemisia diffusa, soil moisture, and changeable nitrogen. We also found that the foliar chlorophylls of Artemisia diffusa was significantly correlated with the green above-ground biomass (r = 0.44, P < 0.05). The results can contribute to further monitoring of ecosystem health and habitat conditions using remote sensing (RS) as an accurate tool in large rangeland areas.展开更多
为解决带有连供系统的喷墨打印机内置墨盒中的墨水向外置墨盒回流及打印机长期不用墨水干燥阻塞管路问题,将微型有阀压电泵安装在连供系统的管路中,并对压电泵进行了性能测试.测试结果显示:在连供装置的管路中压电泵最大输出流量可达8 m...为解决带有连供系统的喷墨打印机内置墨盒中的墨水向外置墨盒回流及打印机长期不用墨水干燥阻塞管路问题,将微型有阀压电泵安装在连供系统的管路中,并对压电泵进行了性能测试.测试结果显示:在连供装置的管路中压电泵最大输出流量可达8 m L/min-1,最大输出压力可达11 k Pa;压电泵出口反向截止压力为65 cm H_2O,最小自吸高度可达70 cm H_2O.以上测试数据结果表明,所设计的压电泵结构尺寸小,性能好,安装后可完全解决连供系统存在的问题.展开更多
The recrystallization behavior of a single crystal nickel-base superalloy was investigated by shot peening and subsequent annealing. Two kinds of recrystallization microstructures, which are intensively dependent on t...The recrystallization behavior of a single crystal nickel-base superalloy was investigated by shot peening and subsequent annealing. Two kinds of recrystallization microstructures, which are intensively dependent on the annealing temperature, are shown in the nickel-base superalloy after shot peening and subsequent annealing. Surface recrystallized grains are obtained when the superalloy is annealed at solution treatment temperature. The nucleation of recrystallization originates from the dendritic core, where rapid dissolution of γ＇ particles occurs. Cellular recrystallization is observed after annealing at lower temperatures. Cellular structures induced by high diffusivity of the moving boundary and more γ＇ particles dissolution led by residual stress are developed from the surface region. Recrystallized kinetics of the shot-peened alloy annealed at 1050°C accords with the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation. The low Avrami exponent is caused by the inhomogeneous distribution of stored energy, the decreasing of stored energy during recovery, and the strong resistance of boundary migration by γ＇ particles.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the relationship of expressions of nucleoside diphosphate kinase （nm23） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）, as well as apoptosis, with the prognosis of HCC patients by analyzing th...Objective To evaluate the relationship of expressions of nucleoside diphosphate kinase （nm23） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）, as well as apoptosis, with the prognosis of HCC patients by analyzing their pathological and clinical data. Methods The expressions of nm23 and PCNA were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the apoptotic phenomena were detected by TUNEL technique in the liver samples from 43 HCC tissues, 39 para-neoplastic tissues, and 10 normal tissues. The mean apoptosis index （AI） and proliferative index （PI） in individual sample were calculated. Results As shown by the detection, 32.6% of carcinomas had negative nm23 signal in tumor tissues, whereas all para-neoplastic and normal tissues had positive nm23. The AI in nm23 positive HCC was significantly higher than that in nm23 negative one, with statistical difference （P0.05）. Furthermore, the expressions of nm23, and the values of AI and PI were contrastively analyzed with some main pathological and clinical data of HCC. It revealed that HCC with extrahepatic metastasis showed remarkable correlation with the negative nm23 （P=0.013） and higher PI values of HCC （P=0.015）. The disease-free survival in HCC patients with negative nm23 expression was significantly poorer than that in patients with positive nm23 expression. Conclusion These data suggest that expressions of nm23 protein in tumor tissues are correlated with occurrences of metastasis and length of survival of the HCC patients, which may be an indicator for their prognosis.展开更多
Anti-tumor immunotherapy is an important form of adjuvant cancer treatment [1, 2]. While chemotherapy encounters the obstacles of drug toxicity and resistance, immunotherapy usually has limited adverse effects, good p...Anti-tumor immunotherapy is an important form of adjuvant cancer treatment [1, 2]. While chemotherapy encounters the obstacles of drug toxicity and resistance, immunotherapy usually has limited adverse effects, good patient tolerance, and the potential to significantly improve the prognosis [1-4]. Some clinical trials of im- munotherapy generated promising results in treating malignancies such as malignant melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, or renal cell carcinoma, which tend to re- spond poorly to chemotherapies [3-5]. Dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in generating specific immune reaction to antigens, which generally need to be ingested, processed and presented by DC, before triggering B cell- or T cell- mediated responses. This core immune mechanism has been utilized in designing DC-based anticancer immunotherapy, whereby a patient's DC are expanded with in vitro culture,展开更多
Objectives:To compare the clinical outcomes in terms of structure and function between the insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) created with the Viabahn ePTFE covered stent/bare metal ste...Objectives:To compare the clinical outcomes in terms of structure and function between the insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) created with the Viabahn ePTFE covered stent/bare metal stent(BMS) combination and the Fluency ePTFE covered stent/BMS combination.Methods:A total of 101 consecutive patients who received a TIPS from February 2016 to August 2018 in our center were retrospectively analyzed.Sixty-four subjects were enrolled in the Viabahn group and 37 were enrolled in the Fluency group.The geometry characteristics of the TIPS were calculated,and the associated occurrence of shunt dysfunction,survival,overt hepatic encephalopathy,and variceal rebleeding were evaluated.Results:The technical success rate was 100%.After the insertion of the TIPS,the rate of shunt dysfunction during the first 3 months was significantly different between the Viabahn and Fluency groups(1.6% and 13.5%,respectively;p=0.024).Multivariate analysis indicated that the angle of portal venous inflow(α) was the only independent risk factor for shunt dysfunction(hazard ratio=1.060,95% confidence interval=1.009-1.112,p=0.020).In addition,3 months after the TIPS insertion,the a angle distinctly increased from 20.9°±14.3°-26.9°±20.1°(p=0.005) in the Fluency group but did not change significantly in the Viabahn group(from 21.9°±15.1°-22.9°± 17.6°,p=0.798).Conclusions:Shunt dysfunction was related to the a angle owing to the slight effect on the a angle after the implantation of the TIPS.The Viabahn ePTFE covered stent/BMS combination was more stable in structure and promised higher short-term stent patency compared with the Fluency ePTFE covered stent/BMS combination.展开更多
We design a hybrid integrated chaotic semiconductor laser with short-cavity optical feedback.It can be assembled in a commercial butterfly shell with just three micro-lenses.One of them is coated by a transflective fi...We design a hybrid integrated chaotic semiconductor laser with short-cavity optical feedback.It can be assembled in a commercial butterfly shell with just three micro-lenses.One of them is coated by a transflective film to provide the optical feedback for chaos generation while insuring regular laser transmission.We prove the feasibility of the chaos generation in this compact structure and provide critical external parameters for the fabrication by theoretical simulations.Rather than the usual changeless internal parameters used in previous simulation research,we extract the real parameters of the chip by experiment.Moreover,the maps of the largest Lyapunov exponent with varying bias current and feedback intensity Kap demonstrate the dynamic characteristics under different external-cavity conditions.Each laser chip has its own optimal external cavity length(L)and feedback intensity(Kap)to generate chaos because of the different internal parameters.We have acquired two ranges of optimal parameters(L=4 mm,0.12〈Kap〈0.2 and L=5 mm,0.07〈Kap〈0.12)for two different chips.展开更多
Prostate cancer preferentially metastasizes to the bone. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. To explore the effects of a bone-mimicking microenvironment on PC3 prostate cancer cell growth a...Prostate cancer preferentially metastasizes to the bone. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. To explore the effects of a bone-mimicking microenvironment on PC3 prostate cancer cell growth and metastasis, we used osteoblast differentiation medium（ODM; minimal essential medium alpha supplemented with L-ascorbic acid） to mimic the bone microenvironment. PC3 cells grown in ODM underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition and showed enhanced colony formation, migration, and invasion abilities compared to the cells grown in normal medium. PC3 cells grown in ODM showed enhanced metastasis when injected in mice. A screening of signaling pathways related to invasion and metastasis revealed that the NF-κB pathway was activated, which could be reversed by Bay 11-7082, a NF-κB pathway inhibitor. These results indicate that the cells in different culture conditions manifested significantly different biological behaviors and the NF-κB pathway is a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer bone metastasis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42090054,41931295)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2022CFA002)。
文摘The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has rendered numerous landslides to a global natural disaster issue.It is crucial to rapidly and accurately determine the boundaries of landslides for geohazards evaluation and emergency response.Therefore,the Skip Connection DeepLab neural network(SCDnn),a deep learning model based on 770 optical remote sensing images of landslide,is proposed to improve the accuracy of landslide boundary detection.The SCDnn model is optimized for the over-segmentation issue which occurs in conventional deep learning models when there is a significant degree of similarity between topographical geomorphic features.SCDnn exhibits notable improvements in landslide feature extraction and semantic segmentation by combining an enhanced Atrous Spatial Pyramid Convolutional Block(ASPC)with a coding structure that reduces model complexity.The experimental results demonstrate that SCDnn can identify landslide boundaries in 119 images with MIoU values between 0.8and 0.9;while 52 images with MIoU values exceeding 0.9,which exceeds the identification accuracy of existing techniques.This work can offer a novel technique for the automatic extensive identification of landslide boundaries in remote sensing images in addition to establishing the groundwork for future inve stigations and applications in related domains.
文摘BACKGROUND In this randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing current acupuncture with carbamazepine for trigeminal neuralgia,meta-and sequential analyses were utilized.AIM To guide clinical decision making regarding the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with carbamazepine.METHODS The RCT literature on needle comparison was searched in various Chinese biomedical databases including Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,Wanfang Data,VIP Database,as well as international databases such as Excerpt Medica Database,Cochrane Library,PubMed,and Web of Science,along with related clinical registration platforms such as World Health Organization International Clinical Trial Registry Platform,ChiCTR,and Clinical Trials up to 1 April 2020.Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaborative Risk Bias tool,primary outcome measures(pain reduction)were analyzed using STATA metaanalysis,outcome measures were analyzed using trial sequential analysis 0.9.5.10 Beta sequential analysis,GRADE was used to assess the evidence,and adverse reactions were documented.RESULTS This study analyzed 16 RCTs with a total of 1231 participants.The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in pain reduction between acupuncture and carbamazepine[standardized mean difference(SMD)=1.47;95%confidence interval(CI):0.99-1.95],although the quality of evidence was deemed to be of extremely low quality.Cumulative meta-analysis based on the year of publication indicated that carbamazepine treatment first demonstrated a statistically significant difference in pain reduction in 2014 and remained relatively stable over time[SMD=1.84;95%CI:0.22-3.47].Additionally,the number of adverse events associated with acupuncture was significantly lower compared to carbamazepine.CONCLUSION Acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia is better than analgesia and safer than carbamazepine;however,firm conclusions still require a high-quality,multicenter,large-sample RCT to confirm these findings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41922055 and 42090054)Zhejiang Huadong Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.(Grant No.KY2019-HDJS-07).
文摘Water is the most abundant molecule found on the earth’s surface and is a key factor in multiscale rock destruction.However,given the fine-grained nature of rock and the complexity of its internal structure,the microstructural evolution of rock under the action of water has not yet been elucidated in detail,and little is understood about the relationship between the rock structure and solideliquid unit.A variety of techniques were used in this study to track the mechanical properties,pore and crack characteristics,and mineral structure degradation characteristics of sandstone at different stages under the action of deionized water,and the evolution mechanisms of the microstructure were analyzed at the molecular scale.The results showed that during the watererock interaction process,water was adsorbed onto the surface of dolomite minerals and the hydrophilic surface of clay minerals,forming a high-density hydrogen bond network.However,different mineral surface structures had different water adsorption structures,resulting in the strain of the dense clay mineral aggregates under expansion action.Stress concentrated at crack tips under the capillary force of dolomite minerals(very weak dolomite dissolution).These effects resulted in a substantial increase in the number of small pores and enhancements in poreecrack connectivity,and the rock strength exhibited varying degrees of decline at different stages of wet-dry cycles.In general,the results of this paper will help to further elucidate the internal connections between molecular-scale and macroscale processes in rock science.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071191,82001129)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC1509)+1 种基金National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics of West China Hospital(Z2021LC001)West China Hospital 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence(ZYYC20009)。
文摘Delirium is a severe acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that commonly occurs in the elderly and is considered an independent risk factor for later dementia.However,given its inherent complexity,few animal models of delirium have been established and the mechanism underlying the onset of delirium remains elusive.Here,we conducted a comparison of three mouse models of delirium induced by clinically relevant risk factors,including anesthesia with surgery(AS),systemic inflammation,and neurotransmission modulation.We found that both bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and cholinergic receptor antagonist scopolamine(Scop)induction reduced neuronal activities in the delirium-related brain network,with the latter presenting a similar pattern of reduction as found in delirium patients.Consistently,Scop injection resulted in reversible cognitive impairment with hyperactive behavior.No loss of cholinergic neurons was found with treatment,but hippocampal synaptic functions were affected.These findings provide further clues regarding the mechanism underlying delirium onset and demonstrate the successful application of the Scop injection model in mimicking delirium-like phenotypes in mice.
基金funded by the Research Fund for Foundation of Hebei University(DXK201914)the President of Hebei University(XZJJ201914)+3 种基金the Post-graduate’s Innovation Fund Project of Hebei University(HBU2022SS003)the Special Project for Cultivating College Students’Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability in Hebei Province(22E50041D)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515011654)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(20720210117).
文摘Achieving accurate classification of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy can avoid unnecessary endoscopic biopsy or resection.This study aimed to develop a deep learning model that can automatically classify colorectal polyps histologically on white-light and narrow-band imaging(NBI)colonoscopy images based on World Health Organization(WHO)and Workgroup serrAted polypS and Polyposis(WASP)classification criteria for colorectal polyps.White-light and NBI colonoscopy images of colorectal polyps exhibiting pathological results were firstly collected and classified into four categories:conventional adenoma,hyperplastic polyp,sessile serrated adenoma/polyp(SSAP)and normal,among which conventional adenoma could be further divided into three sub-categories of tubular adenoma,villous adenoma and villioustublar adenoma,subsequently the images were re-classified into six categories.In this paper,we proposed a novel convolutional neural network termed Polyp-DedNet for the four-and six-category classification tasks of colorectal polyps.Based on the existing classification network ResNet50,Polyp-DedNet adopted dilated convolution to retain more high-dimensional spatial information and an Efficient Channel Attention(ECA)module to improve the classification performance further.To eliminate gridding artifacts caused by dilated convolutions,traditional convolutional layers were used instead of the max pooling layer,and two convolutional layers with progressively decreasing dilation were added at the end of the network.Due to the inevitable imbalance of medical image data,a regularization method DropBlock and a Class-Balanced(CB)Loss were performed to prevent network overfitting.Furthermore,the 5-fold cross-validation was adopted to estimate the performance of Polyp-DedNet for the multi-classification task of colorectal polyps.Mean accuracies of the proposed Polyp-DedNet for the four-and six-category classifications of colorectal polyps were 89.91%±0.92%and 85.13%±1.10%,respectively.The metrics of precision,recall and F1-score were also improved by 1%∼2%compared to the baseline ResNet50.The proposed Polyp-DedNet presented state-of-the-art performance for colorectal polyp classifying on white-light and NBI colonoscopy images,highlighting its considerable potential as an AI-assistant system for accurate colorectal polyp diagnosis in colonoscopy.
文摘This paper describes the capability of remote sensing in the monitoring of rangeland vegetation productivities and dynamics in the foothill areas of Uzbekistan, in order to enhance the sustainable utilization of natural resources. Seasonal productivity, including above-ground biomass, density, coverage, foliar chlorophyll, and carotene content, was measured for the Artemisia diffusa, the dominant species of the study area. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), extracted from time-series Landsat TM5 satellite images, was used to obtain pertinent data regarding vegetation coverage and potential productivities. Seasonal precipitation was found to be a key factor in governing soil moisture in the semi-arid foothill rangelands, which directly influence the dynamics of plants and productivities. Precipitation and soil moisture determine the length of the plant growing season and further influence NDVI values. We found that time-series NDVI was significantly correlated with the seasonal green and total above-ground biomass of vegetation and coverage of Artemisia diffusa, soil moisture, and changeable nitrogen. We also found that the foliar chlorophylls of Artemisia diffusa was significantly correlated with the green above-ground biomass (r = 0.44, P < 0.05). The results can contribute to further monitoring of ecosystem health and habitat conditions using remote sensing (RS) as an accurate tool in large rangeland areas.
文摘为解决带有连供系统的喷墨打印机内置墨盒中的墨水向外置墨盒回流及打印机长期不用墨水干燥阻塞管路问题,将微型有阀压电泵安装在连供系统的管路中,并对压电泵进行了性能测试.测试结果显示:在连供装置的管路中压电泵最大输出流量可达8 m L/min-1,最大输出压力可达11 k Pa;压电泵出口反向截止压力为65 cm H_2O,最小自吸高度可达70 cm H_2O.以上测试数据结果表明,所设计的压电泵结构尺寸小,性能好,安装后可完全解决连供系统存在的问题.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China (No.2010CB631206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50931004)the Foundation of State Key Lab for Advanced Metals and Materials (No.2008zd-07)
文摘The recrystallization behavior of a single crystal nickel-base superalloy was investigated by shot peening and subsequent annealing. Two kinds of recrystallization microstructures, which are intensively dependent on the annealing temperature, are shown in the nickel-base superalloy after shot peening and subsequent annealing. Surface recrystallized grains are obtained when the superalloy is annealed at solution treatment temperature. The nucleation of recrystallization originates from the dendritic core, where rapid dissolution of γ＇ particles occurs. Cellular recrystallization is observed after annealing at lower temperatures. Cellular structures induced by high diffusivity of the moving boundary and more γ＇ particles dissolution led by residual stress are developed from the surface region. Recrystallized kinetics of the shot-peened alloy annealed at 1050°C accords with the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation. The low Avrami exponent is caused by the inhomogeneous distribution of stored energy, the decreasing of stored energy during recovery, and the strong resistance of boundary migration by γ＇ particles.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2007CB310505)China Mega-Project for Infectious Disease (2009ZX10004-101)the SKLID development Grant (2008SKLID102 and 2008SKLID202)
文摘Objective To evaluate the relationship of expressions of nucleoside diphosphate kinase （nm23） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）, as well as apoptosis, with the prognosis of HCC patients by analyzing their pathological and clinical data. Methods The expressions of nm23 and PCNA were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the apoptotic phenomena were detected by TUNEL technique in the liver samples from 43 HCC tissues, 39 para-neoplastic tissues, and 10 normal tissues. The mean apoptosis index （AI） and proliferative index （PI） in individual sample were calculated. Results As shown by the detection, 32.6% of carcinomas had negative nm23 signal in tumor tissues, whereas all para-neoplastic and normal tissues had positive nm23. The AI in nm23 positive HCC was significantly higher than that in nm23 negative one, with statistical difference （P0.05）. Furthermore, the expressions of nm23, and the values of AI and PI were contrastively analyzed with some main pathological and clinical data of HCC. It revealed that HCC with extrahepatic metastasis showed remarkable correlation with the negative nm23 （P=0.013） and higher PI values of HCC （P=0.015）. The disease-free survival in HCC patients with negative nm23 expression was significantly poorer than that in patients with positive nm23 expression. Conclusion These data suggest that expressions of nm23 protein in tumor tissues are correlated with occurrences of metastasis and length of survival of the HCC patients, which may be an indicator for their prognosis.
文摘Anti-tumor immunotherapy is an important form of adjuvant cancer treatment [1, 2]. While chemotherapy encounters the obstacles of drug toxicity and resistance, immunotherapy usually has limited adverse effects, good patient tolerance, and the potential to significantly improve the prognosis [1-4]. Some clinical trials of im- munotherapy generated promising results in treating malignancies such as malignant melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, or renal cell carcinoma, which tend to re- spond poorly to chemotherapies [3-5]. Dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in generating specific immune reaction to antigens, which generally need to be ingested, processed and presented by DC, before triggering B cell- or T cell- mediated responses. This core immune mechanism has been utilized in designing DC-based anticancer immunotherapy, whereby a patient's DC are expanded with in vitro culture,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81873917)。
文摘Objectives:To compare the clinical outcomes in terms of structure and function between the insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) created with the Viabahn ePTFE covered stent/bare metal stent(BMS) combination and the Fluency ePTFE covered stent/BMS combination.Methods:A total of 101 consecutive patients who received a TIPS from February 2016 to August 2018 in our center were retrospectively analyzed.Sixty-four subjects were enrolled in the Viabahn group and 37 were enrolled in the Fluency group.The geometry characteristics of the TIPS were calculated,and the associated occurrence of shunt dysfunction,survival,overt hepatic encephalopathy,and variceal rebleeding were evaluated.Results:The technical success rate was 100%.After the insertion of the TIPS,the rate of shunt dysfunction during the first 3 months was significantly different between the Viabahn and Fluency groups(1.6% and 13.5%,respectively;p=0.024).Multivariate analysis indicated that the angle of portal venous inflow(α) was the only independent risk factor for shunt dysfunction(hazard ratio=1.060,95% confidence interval=1.009-1.112,p=0.020).In addition,3 months after the TIPS insertion,the a angle distinctly increased from 20.9°±14.3°-26.9°±20.1°(p=0.005) in the Fluency group but did not change significantly in the Viabahn group(from 21.9°±15.1°-22.9°± 17.6°,p=0.798).Conclusions:Shunt dysfunction was related to the a angle owing to the slight effect on the a angle after the implantation of the TIPS.The Viabahn ePTFE covered stent/BMS combination was more stable in structure and promised higher short-term stent patency compared with the Fluency ePTFE covered stent/BMS combination.
基金Project supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(Grant No.2014DFA50870)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61377089,61475111,and 61527819)+4 种基金Shanxi Province Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.2015011049)Shanxi Province Youth Science and Technology Foundation,China(Grant No.201601D021069)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(Grant No.2016-036)Program for the Outstanding Innovative Teams of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi,ChinaProgram for Sanjin Scholar,China
文摘We design a hybrid integrated chaotic semiconductor laser with short-cavity optical feedback.It can be assembled in a commercial butterfly shell with just three micro-lenses.One of them is coated by a transflective film to provide the optical feedback for chaos generation while insuring regular laser transmission.We prove the feasibility of the chaos generation in this compact structure and provide critical external parameters for the fabrication by theoretical simulations.Rather than the usual changeless internal parameters used in previous simulation research,we extract the real parameters of the chip by experiment.Moreover,the maps of the largest Lyapunov exponent with varying bias current and feedback intensity Kap demonstrate the dynamic characteristics under different external-cavity conditions.Each laser chip has its own optimal external cavity length(L)and feedback intensity(Kap)to generate chaos because of the different internal parameters.We have acquired two ranges of optimal parameters(L=4 mm,0.12〈Kap〈0.2 and L=5 mm,0.07〈Kap〈0.12)for two different chips.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (81272415 and 81171993)NSFC Key Project (81130046)+1 种基金Guangxi Key Projects (2013GXNSFEA053004)Guangxi Projects (2014GXNSFDA118030)
文摘Prostate cancer preferentially metastasizes to the bone. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. To explore the effects of a bone-mimicking microenvironment on PC3 prostate cancer cell growth and metastasis, we used osteoblast differentiation medium（ODM; minimal essential medium alpha supplemented with L-ascorbic acid） to mimic the bone microenvironment. PC3 cells grown in ODM underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition and showed enhanced colony formation, migration, and invasion abilities compared to the cells grown in normal medium. PC3 cells grown in ODM showed enhanced metastasis when injected in mice. A screening of signaling pathways related to invasion and metastasis revealed that the NF-κB pathway was activated, which could be reversed by Bay 11-7082, a NF-κB pathway inhibitor. These results indicate that the cells in different culture conditions manifested significantly different biological behaviors and the NF-κB pathway is a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer bone metastasis.
