Stroke-induced immunosuppression is a process that leads to peripheral suppression of the immune system after a stroke and belongs to the central nervous system injury-induced immunosuppressive syndrome.Stroke-induced...Stroke-induced immunosuppression is a process that leads to peripheral suppression of the immune system after a stroke and belongs to the central nervous system injury-induced immunosuppressive syndrome.Stroke-induced immunosuppression leads to increased susceptibility to post-stroke infections,such as urinary tract infections and stroke-associated pneumonia,worsening prognosis.Molecular chaperones are a large class of proteins that are able to maintain proteostasis by directing the folding of nascent polypeptide chains,refolding misfolded proteins,and targeting misfolded proteins for degradation.Various molecular chaperones have been shown to play roles in stroke-induced immunosuppression by modulating the activity of other molecular chaperones,cochaperones,and their associated pathways.This review summarizes the role of molecular chaperones in stroke-induced immunosuppression and discusses new approaches to restore host immune defense after stroke.展开更多
Traditional fluorescence switching molecules achieving the state change between on and off states commonly based on UV irradiation. However, it is worth noting that UV irradiation is harmful to both the cancer cells a...Traditional fluorescence switching molecules achieving the state change between on and off states commonly based on UV irradiation. However, it is worth noting that UV irradiation is harmful to both the cancer cells and the normal cells. To achieve fluorescence switching under visible wavelength and avoid complicate molecular design, a fluorophore of 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-1,3-dicyanobenzene(4Cz IPN) and a quencher of diarylethene(DAE) were physically incorporated within the biocompatible block copolymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)(PLGA-b-PEG) to form 4Cz IPNDAE nanoparticles(NPs) through flash nanoprecipitation(FNP). By using the FNP method, the NPs were prepared within milliseconds in a confined impingement jets dilution(CIJ-D) mixer. Quenching and recovery of fluorescence could achieve in the presence of DAE under 475 nm and 560 nm irradiation.Appropriate structure and fluorescent properties of the nanoparticles can be tuned by external conditions for their efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET) in a kinetic stabilization process. This NPs formation process was further optimized by varying the dilution ratio, Reynolds number(Re) and polymer concentration to modulate the mixing and particle nucleation and growth process. The size and fluorescence switching properties of the NPs were systematically investigated in solution and in cellular uptake experiments. This work is anticipated to provide a simple and highly effective engineering strategy for the modulation of fluorescence switching nanoparticles and beneficial to its engineering application.展开更多
Silicon(Si)anode has been considered a promising candidate due to its remarkable theoretical capacity but it was plagued by severe pulverization because of the inherent huge volume variation.Enhancing electrode stabil...Silicon(Si)anode has been considered a promising candidate due to its remarkable theoretical capacity but it was plagued by severe pulverization because of the inherent huge volume variation.Enhancing electrode stability is an effective approach to improve electrochemical performance.Herein,a stable Si anode was established by an innovative construction of the bonding between conductive agents and active materials/binders.As a result,the strong interaction of electrode components not only effectively alleviates the volume expansion of Si but also achieves a stable interface by generating the beneficial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)composition.Attributed to the deliberate scheme of the electrode,the Si anode exhibits sterling electrochemical performance.Besides,the device of the electrode is not only effective for other binders but also for other anode materials with high volume variation,thus shedding light on the rational design of electrodes for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
The siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to its significant gene silencing effect and successful marketization.However,the in vivo distribution and release of siRNA still cannot be effect...The siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to its significant gene silencing effect and successful marketization.However,the in vivo distribution and release of siRNA still cannot be effectively monitored.In this study,based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)principle,a fluorescence dye Cy5-modified survivin siRNA was conjugated to nanogolds(Au-DR-siRNA),which were then wrapped with lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)for monitoring the release behaviour of siRNA in vivo.The results showed that once Au-DR-siRNA was released from the LNPs and cleaved by the Dicer enzyme to produce free siRNA in cells,the fluorescence of Cy5 would change from quenched state to activated state,showing the location and time of siRNA release.Besides,the LNPs showed a significant antitumor effect by silencing the survivin gene and a CT imaging function superior to iohexol by nanogolds.Therefore,this work provided not only an effective method for monitoring the pharmacokinetic behaviour of LNP-based siRNA,but also a siRNA delivery system for treating and diagnosing tumors.展开更多
In recent years,the introduction of fused rings own high density and low sensitivity has promoted the development of energetic materials.However,the development of energetic compounds containing fused and bridged ring...In recent years,the introduction of fused rings own high density and low sensitivity has promoted the development of energetic materials.However,the development of energetic compounds containing fused and bridged rings by introducing multiple nitrogen heterocycles at different sites of fused rings is still difficult to progress,which seriously limits the emergence of advanced energetic compounds.In this study,a series of energetic materials choosing different nitrogen rich heterocycles at the vacancies of the fused ring,i.e.,neutral compound 5,6 and their ionic derivatives(compounds 7-12)were designed and synthesized.Compounds 5 and 6 were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction,while the crystal analysis and theoretical calculations were carried out to explore the relationship between crystal structure and physicochemical properties.All of the newly synthesized compounds(5-12)are insensitive to mechanical stimulation(IS>40 J;FS≥342 N)and they own the high detonation velocity(D:8322-9075 m/s).Notably,hydrazine salt 11 own the higher detonation velocity(9075 m/s)and powder density(1.83 g/cm^(3)),but exhibits lower sensitivity(IS>40 J)than the classical energetic compound RDX(8795 m/s,1.80 g/cm^(3),7.5 J).It is obvious that the combination of 5,6-fused triazolo-triazine and nitropyrazole-tetrazole may be a new energetic skeleton for synthesising the heterocyclic compounds with balanced energy-stability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)is one of the most common persistent arrhythmias among adult cardiovascular diseases.It is important to identify potential risk factors for AF.Members of the insulin-like growth facto...BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)is one of the most common persistent arrhythmias among adult cardiovascular diseases.It is important to identify potential risk factors for AF.Members of the insulin-like growth factor(IGF)family exert a variety of effects on various cell types in the context of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases,and previous population-based studies indicate associations between IGF family members and AF.However,the causal effects of IGF family members in AF have not been evaluated.assess genetic relationships between IGF family members and AF.METHODS MR was performed based on genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets,and concentration levels of 14 IGF family members were retrieved.An initial MR analysis was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms potentially associated with IGF serum concentrations.A GWAS meta-analysis including 60620 AF cases and 970216 control participants of European ancestry was then conducted to identify AF causal effects.Two-sample MR packages were used to perform MR analysis in R.MR-Egger,weighted median(WM),and inverse va-riance weighted(IVW)methods were used.RESULTS Core Tip:Due to the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation(AF),and adverse outcomes related to it,it is important to identify risk factors associated with development of the condition.Insulin-like growth factor(IGF)family members exert a variety of effects on various cell types in the context of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases,and previous population-based studies indicate associations between IGF family members and AF.However,the causal effects of IGF family members in AF have not been evaluated.The results of the current study provide novel insights on the pathogenesis of AF,and implic-ations of serum IGF family member concentrations when assessing the risk of AF.The study generated evidence on the potential roles of developmental pathological effects in the pathogenesis of AF.Further observational and experimental studies are critically needed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Few studies have simultaneously compared the predictive value of various frailty assessment tools for outcome measures in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery.Therefore,it is difficult to det...BACKGROUND Few studies have simultaneously compared the predictive value of various frailty assessment tools for outcome measures in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery.Therefore,it is difficult to determine which assessment tool is most relevant to the prognosis of this population.AIM To investigate the predictive value of three frailty assessment tools for patient prognosis in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery.METHODS This single-centre,observational,prospective cohort study was conducted at the Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from August 2021 to July 2022.A total of 229 patients aged≥18 years who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal cancer were included in this study.We collected baseline data on the participants and administered three scales to assess frailty:The comprehen-sive geriatric assessment(CGA),Fried phenotype and FRAIL scale.The outcome measures were the postoperative severe complications and increased hospital RESULTS The prevalence of frailty when assessed with the CGA was 65.9%,47.6%when assessed with the Fried phenotype,and 34.9%when assessed with the FRAIL scale.Using the CGA as a reference,kappa coefficients were 0.398 for the Fried phenotype and 0.291 for the FRAIL scale(both P<0.001).Postoperative severe complications and increased hospital costs were observed in 29(12.7%)and 57(24.9%)patients,respectively.Multivariate logistic analysis confirmed that the CGA was independently associated with increased hospital costs(odds ratio=2.298,95%confidence interval:1.044-5.057;P=0.039).None of the frailty assessment tools were associated with postoperative severe complications.CONCLUSION The CGA was an independent predictor of increased hospital costs in patients undergoing surgery for gastro-intestinal cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic cysts are common benign liver tumors that are typically asymptomatic.However,larger cysts,particularly giant liver cysts,can potentially induce symptoms.If the diameter of the cyst exceeds 10 cm,it ...BACKGROUND Hepatic cysts are common benign liver tumors that are typically asymptomatic.However,larger cysts,particularly giant liver cysts,can potentially induce symptoms.If the diameter of the cyst exceeds 10 cm,it can exert pressure on adjacent organs,leading to manifestations of corresponding symptoms.Here,we report the case of a complex giant hepatic cyst that caused pseudocystitis.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with frequent and urgent urination.Ultrasonography revealed no obvious uterine adnexal abnormalities but showed a hypoechoic,cystic mass(173 mm×84 mm×138 mm)with clear boundaries,and an unclear blood flow signal in the abdominal cavity(extending from the lower edge of the left lobe of liver to the upper edge of the bladder).Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a giant cystic mass in the abdominal and pelvic cavities,possibly originating from the liver,and a small amount of free fluid in the pelvic cavity,which subsequent magnetic resonance imaging confirmed.The imaging characteristics were consistent with a benign lesion.The patient underwent laparoscopic resection of the giant liver cyst with partial liver resection.Post-surgery her symptoms urinary symptoms were relieved completely and she was discharged on the sixth postoperative day.CONCLUSION Our patient presented with symptoms suggestive of pseudocystitis,stressing the need for considering possibilities of other etiologies and differential diagnoses.展开更多
Background CH<sub>4</sub> concentration and seasonal variations measured at Zhongshan Station (69°22'2''S, 76°21'49''E, 18.5 m) in Antarctica from 2008 through 2013 are pr...Background CH<sub>4</sub> concentration and seasonal variations measured at Zhongshan Station (69°22'2''S, 76°21'49''E, 18.5 m) in Antarctica from 2008 through 2013 are presented and discussed. From 2008-2013 CH<sub>4</sub> was measured in weekly<sub> </sub>flask samples and started on line measurement by Picarro CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O analyzer from March, 2010-2013. These CH<sub>4</sub> measurements show the expected growth period of CH<sub>4</sub> concentration during February (Antarctic spring) with a peak in September (fall). Irrespective of wind direction, CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations distribute evenly after the removal of polluted air from station operations, accounting for 1% of the data. The mean daily cycle of CH<sub>4</sub> concentration in all four seasons is small. The monthly mean CH<sub>4</sub> concentration at Zhongshan station is similar to those at other stations in Antarctica showing that CH<sub>4</sub> observed in Antarctica is fully mixed in the atmosphere as it is transported from the northern through the southern hemisphere. The annual CH<sub>4</sub> increase in recent years at Zhongshan station is 4.8 ppb·yr<sup>-1</sup>.展开更多
Collapse is a geological disaster second only to landslides and occurs in large numbers every year in the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. We collected a variety of data such as topogra...Collapse is a geological disaster second only to landslides and occurs in large numbers every year in the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. We collected a variety of data such as topography, geological vegetation coverage, and human activities, and used spatial correlation analysis to eliminate factors with strong correlations. The frequency of collapse was calculated by the frequency ratio method and a hierarchical map was made. The result shows, in low susceptibility zone (LSI = 0 - 4), only 3 collapses happened, and 0.39% of total collapses. In middle susceptibility zone (LSI = 4 - 7.5), 35 collapses happened, and 5.66% of total collapses. In high susceptibility zone (LSI = 7.5 - 10), 64 collapses happened, and 10.36% of total collapses. In extremely high susceptibility zone (LSI = 10 - 14), 516 collapses happened, and 83.5% of total collapses. Using the GIS-based frequency method, the susceptibility to collapse was calculated and mapped, which was in good agreement with the actual landslide data. Collapse susceptibility results provide guidance for engineering construction.展开更多
China is a country prone to geological disasters, especially in the northern mountainous areas of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, where the surface vegetation is sparse and the rainfall is concentrated, which is p...China is a country prone to geological disasters, especially in the northern mountainous areas of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, where the surface vegetation is sparse and the rainfall is concentrated, which is prone to landslides and brings a lot of losses to the local people. Based on the field investigation, this paper evaluates the landslide susceptibility in the northern mountainous area of Tianshan Mountains. The frequency ratio method is used to calculate the landslide probability, and the landslide index (LSI) is formed to represent the landslide susceptibility. The slope unit method is used to determine the landslide units, which values were calculated by the average of the landslide index. According to the calculated LSI range of 4.53 - 20.60. It is divided into 4 grades, LSI = 4.53 - 9, which is an area that is not prone to landslides, with an area of 891.69 km<sup>2</sup>. LSI = 9 - 11 indicates an area where landslides are more likely to occur, with an area of 1252.31 km<sup>2</sup>. LSI = 11 - 13 indicates the area is more prone to landslides, with an area of 714.86 km<sup>2</sup>. LSI > 13 indicates the most prone area for landslides, with an area of 924.60 km<sup>2</sup>.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies and their associations with clinical features in Chinesepatients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS: A total of 325 Chinese patients with CHB were enrolled in th...AIM: To investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies and their associations with clinical features in Chinesepatients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS: A total of 325 Chinese patients with CHB were enrolled in this retrospective,hospitalbased study.Patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),or primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) were included,with healthy donors acting as controls.A panel of autoantibodies that serologically define AIH and PBC was tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay and line immunoassay.The AIH-related autoantibody profile included homogeneous anti-nuclear antibodies(ANA-H),smooth-muscle antibodies,anti-liver kidney microsome type 1,antiliver cytosolic antigen type 1,and anti-soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas; the PBC-related antibodies were characterized by ANA-nuclear dots/membranous rimlike,anti-mitochondrial antibodies-M2(AMA-M2),antiBPO(recombinant antigen targeted by AMA-M2),antiSp100,anti-promyelocytic leukemia protein(anti-PML),and anti-gp210.The dichotomization of clustering was used to unequivocally designate the AIH or PBC profiles for each case.Anti-Ro52 antibodies were also tested.RESULTS: The prevalence of any autoantibody in CHB amounted to 58.2%,which was similar to the 66.2% prevalence in CHC,significantly higher than the 6.7% in the healthy controls(P < 0.001),and lower than the 100% found in AIH and PBC(P = 0.004 and P < 0.001,respectively).There were more anti-PML and anti-gp210 antibodies among the CHB patients than the CHC patients(11.1% vs 0%,P = 0.003; 12.6% vs 0%,P < 0.001,respectively).The prevalence and titer of AMA,anti-BPO,anti-PML,and anti-gp210 were higher in PBC than in those with CHB.Among the CHB patients,the prevalence of ANA,especially ANA-H,was significantly lower in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis compared with patients without cirrhosis.Thirty-eight cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in CHB showed a significant differencecompared with non-HCC patients in the prevalence of anti-PML(0% vs 12.5%,P = 0.013).Dichotomization of the autoantibodies revealed that the PBC profile was more prevalent in patients with CHB than in those with CHC,and that it was strongly correlated with both compensated and decompensated cirrhosis.In contrast,the prevalence of the AIH profile was significantly higher in non-cirrhosis patients with CHB than in those with compensated cirrhosis(18.5% vs 8.2%,P = 0.039).Moreover,the AIH profile was also closely associated with hepatitis B e-antigen positivity.CONCLUSION: ANA-H could be an indicator of earlystage CHB.Dichotomizing the autoantibody profiles revealed that the PBC profile is strongly associated with cirrhosis in CHB.展开更多
Nerve growth factor(NGF) plays an important role in promoting neuroregeneration after peripheral nerve injury. However, its effects are limited by its short half-life; it is therefore important to identify an effectiv...Nerve growth factor(NGF) plays an important role in promoting neuroregeneration after peripheral nerve injury. However, its effects are limited by its short half-life; it is therefore important to identify an effective mode of administration. High-frequency ultrasound(HFU) is increasingly used in the clinic for high-resolution visualization of tissues, and has been proposed as a method for identifying and evaluating peripheral nerve damage after injury. In addition, HFU is widely used for guiding needle placement when administering drugs to a specific site. We hypothesized that HFU guiding would optimize the neuroprotective effects of NGF on sciatic nerve injury in the rabbit. We performed behavioral, ultrasound, electrophysiological, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluation of HFU-guided NGF injections administered immediately after injury, or 14 days later, and compared this mode of administration with intramuscular NGF injections. Across all assessments, HFU-guided NGF injections gave consistently better outcomes than intramuscular NGF injections administered immediately or 14 days after injury, with immediate treatment also yielding better structural and functional results than when the treatment was delayed by 14 days. Our findings indicate that NGF should be administered as early as possible after peripheral nerve injury, and highlight the striking neuroprotective effects of HFU-guided NGF injections on peripheral nerve injury compared with intramuscular administration.展开更多
High spectrum efficiency(SE)requirement and massive connections are the main challenges for the fifth generation(5G)and beyond 5G(B5G)wireless networks,especially for the case when Internet of Things(IoT)devices are l...High spectrum efficiency(SE)requirement and massive connections are the main challenges for the fifth generation(5G)and beyond 5G(B5G)wireless networks,especially for the case when Internet of Things(IoT)devices are located in a disaster area.Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)-based unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided network is emerging as a promising technique to overcome the above challenges.In this paper,an emergency communications framework of NOMA-based UAV-aided networks is established,where the disasters scenarios can be divided into three broad categories that have named emergency areas,wide areas and dense areas.First,a UAV-enabled uplink NOMA system is established to gather information from IoT devices in emergency areas.Then,a joint UAV deployment and resource allocation scheme for a multi-UAV enabled NOMA system is developed to extend the UAV coverage for IoT devices in wide areas.Furthermore,a UAV equipped with an antenna array has been considered to provide wireless service for multiple devices that are densely distributed in disaster areas.Simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the above three schemes.Finally,potential research directions and challenges are also highlighted and discussed.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82172147(to YL),81571880(to YL),81373147(to YL),30901555(to JZ),30972870(to YL)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,Nos.2021JJ30900,2016JJ2157(both to YL)。
文摘Stroke-induced immunosuppression is a process that leads to peripheral suppression of the immune system after a stroke and belongs to the central nervous system injury-induced immunosuppressive syndrome.Stroke-induced immunosuppression leads to increased susceptibility to post-stroke infections,such as urinary tract infections and stroke-associated pneumonia,worsening prognosis.Molecular chaperones are a large class of proteins that are able to maintain proteostasis by directing the folding of nascent polypeptide chains,refolding misfolded proteins,and targeting misfolded proteins for degradation.Various molecular chaperones have been shown to play roles in stroke-induced immunosuppression by modulating the activity of other molecular chaperones,cochaperones,and their associated pathways.This review summarizes the role of molecular chaperones in stroke-induced immunosuppression and discusses new approaches to restore host immune defense after stroke.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of the International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Project among Governments (2021YFE0100400)Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai (22501100500)the international One Belt One Road Collaboration Project of Shanghai (18490740300)。
文摘Traditional fluorescence switching molecules achieving the state change between on and off states commonly based on UV irradiation. However, it is worth noting that UV irradiation is harmful to both the cancer cells and the normal cells. To achieve fluorescence switching under visible wavelength and avoid complicate molecular design, a fluorophore of 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-1,3-dicyanobenzene(4Cz IPN) and a quencher of diarylethene(DAE) were physically incorporated within the biocompatible block copolymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)(PLGA-b-PEG) to form 4Cz IPNDAE nanoparticles(NPs) through flash nanoprecipitation(FNP). By using the FNP method, the NPs were prepared within milliseconds in a confined impingement jets dilution(CIJ-D) mixer. Quenching and recovery of fluorescence could achieve in the presence of DAE under 475 nm and 560 nm irradiation.Appropriate structure and fluorescent properties of the nanoparticles can be tuned by external conditions for their efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET) in a kinetic stabilization process. This NPs formation process was further optimized by varying the dilution ratio, Reynolds number(Re) and polymer concentration to modulate the mixing and particle nucleation and growth process. The size and fluorescence switching properties of the NPs were systematically investigated in solution and in cellular uptake experiments. This work is anticipated to provide a simple and highly effective engineering strategy for the modulation of fluorescence switching nanoparticles and beneficial to its engineering application.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51874108,52164036,52264046)the Guizhou High Level and Innovative Talents Projects([2022]009-1)+1 种基金the Guizhou Science and Technology Planning Project([2020]5021)the Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education([2022]041)。
文摘Silicon(Si)anode has been considered a promising candidate due to its remarkable theoretical capacity but it was plagued by severe pulverization because of the inherent huge volume variation.Enhancing electrode stability is an effective approach to improve electrochemical performance.Herein,a stable Si anode was established by an innovative construction of the bonding between conductive agents and active materials/binders.As a result,the strong interaction of electrode components not only effectively alleviates the volume expansion of Si but also achieves a stable interface by generating the beneficial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)composition.Attributed to the deliberate scheme of the electrode,the Si anode exhibits sterling electrochemical performance.Besides,the device of the electrode is not only effective for other binders but also for other anode materials with high volume variation,thus shedding light on the rational design of electrodes for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81872812,82073800)the China Postdoctoral Science Fundation(2021TQ0111,2021M691040).
文摘The siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to its significant gene silencing effect and successful marketization.However,the in vivo distribution and release of siRNA still cannot be effectively monitored.In this study,based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)principle,a fluorescence dye Cy5-modified survivin siRNA was conjugated to nanogolds(Au-DR-siRNA),which were then wrapped with lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)for monitoring the release behaviour of siRNA in vivo.The results showed that once Au-DR-siRNA was released from the LNPs and cleaved by the Dicer enzyme to produce free siRNA in cells,the fluorescence of Cy5 would change from quenched state to activated state,showing the location and time of siRNA release.Besides,the LNPs showed a significant antitumor effect by silencing the survivin gene and a CT imaging function superior to iohexol by nanogolds.Therefore,this work provided not only an effective method for monitoring the pharmacokinetic behaviour of LNP-based siRNA,but also a siRNA delivery system for treating and diagnosing tumors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21875110,22075143)the Science Challenge Projectthe Qing Lan Project for the grant。
文摘In recent years,the introduction of fused rings own high density and low sensitivity has promoted the development of energetic materials.However,the development of energetic compounds containing fused and bridged rings by introducing multiple nitrogen heterocycles at different sites of fused rings is still difficult to progress,which seriously limits the emergence of advanced energetic compounds.In this study,a series of energetic materials choosing different nitrogen rich heterocycles at the vacancies of the fused ring,i.e.,neutral compound 5,6 and their ionic derivatives(compounds 7-12)were designed and synthesized.Compounds 5 and 6 were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction,while the crystal analysis and theoretical calculations were carried out to explore the relationship between crystal structure and physicochemical properties.All of the newly synthesized compounds(5-12)are insensitive to mechanical stimulation(IS>40 J;FS≥342 N)and they own the high detonation velocity(D:8322-9075 m/s).Notably,hydrazine salt 11 own the higher detonation velocity(9075 m/s)and powder density(1.83 g/cm^(3)),but exhibits lower sensitivity(IS>40 J)than the classical energetic compound RDX(8795 m/s,1.80 g/cm^(3),7.5 J).It is obvious that the combination of 5,6-fused triazolo-triazine and nitropyrazole-tetrazole may be a new energetic skeleton for synthesising the heterocyclic compounds with balanced energy-stability.
文摘BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)is one of the most common persistent arrhythmias among adult cardiovascular diseases.It is important to identify potential risk factors for AF.Members of the insulin-like growth factor(IGF)family exert a variety of effects on various cell types in the context of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases,and previous population-based studies indicate associations between IGF family members and AF.However,the causal effects of IGF family members in AF have not been evaluated.assess genetic relationships between IGF family members and AF.METHODS MR was performed based on genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets,and concentration levels of 14 IGF family members were retrieved.An initial MR analysis was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms potentially associated with IGF serum concentrations.A GWAS meta-analysis including 60620 AF cases and 970216 control participants of European ancestry was then conducted to identify AF causal effects.Two-sample MR packages were used to perform MR analysis in R.MR-Egger,weighted median(WM),and inverse va-riance weighted(IVW)methods were used.RESULTS Core Tip:Due to the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation(AF),and adverse outcomes related to it,it is important to identify risk factors associated with development of the condition.Insulin-like growth factor(IGF)family members exert a variety of effects on various cell types in the context of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases,and previous population-based studies indicate associations between IGF family members and AF.However,the causal effects of IGF family members in AF have not been evaluated.The results of the current study provide novel insights on the pathogenesis of AF,and implic-ations of serum IGF family member concentrations when assessing the risk of AF.The study generated evidence on the potential roles of developmental pathological effects in the pathogenesis of AF.Further observational and experimental studies are critically needed.
基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program,No.SJCX22_1293Lianyungang City Aging Health Research Project,No.L202206.
文摘BACKGROUND Few studies have simultaneously compared the predictive value of various frailty assessment tools for outcome measures in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery.Therefore,it is difficult to determine which assessment tool is most relevant to the prognosis of this population.AIM To investigate the predictive value of three frailty assessment tools for patient prognosis in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery.METHODS This single-centre,observational,prospective cohort study was conducted at the Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from August 2021 to July 2022.A total of 229 patients aged≥18 years who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal cancer were included in this study.We collected baseline data on the participants and administered three scales to assess frailty:The comprehen-sive geriatric assessment(CGA),Fried phenotype and FRAIL scale.The outcome measures were the postoperative severe complications and increased hospital RESULTS The prevalence of frailty when assessed with the CGA was 65.9%,47.6%when assessed with the Fried phenotype,and 34.9%when assessed with the FRAIL scale.Using the CGA as a reference,kappa coefficients were 0.398 for the Fried phenotype and 0.291 for the FRAIL scale(both P<0.001).Postoperative severe complications and increased hospital costs were observed in 29(12.7%)and 57(24.9%)patients,respectively.Multivariate logistic analysis confirmed that the CGA was independently associated with increased hospital costs(odds ratio=2.298,95%confidence interval:1.044-5.057;P=0.039).None of the frailty assessment tools were associated with postoperative severe complications.CONCLUSION The CGA was an independent predictor of increased hospital costs in patients undergoing surgery for gastro-intestinal cancer.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic cysts are common benign liver tumors that are typically asymptomatic.However,larger cysts,particularly giant liver cysts,can potentially induce symptoms.If the diameter of the cyst exceeds 10 cm,it can exert pressure on adjacent organs,leading to manifestations of corresponding symptoms.Here,we report the case of a complex giant hepatic cyst that caused pseudocystitis.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with frequent and urgent urination.Ultrasonography revealed no obvious uterine adnexal abnormalities but showed a hypoechoic,cystic mass(173 mm×84 mm×138 mm)with clear boundaries,and an unclear blood flow signal in the abdominal cavity(extending from the lower edge of the left lobe of liver to the upper edge of the bladder).Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a giant cystic mass in the abdominal and pelvic cavities,possibly originating from the liver,and a small amount of free fluid in the pelvic cavity,which subsequent magnetic resonance imaging confirmed.The imaging characteristics were consistent with a benign lesion.The patient underwent laparoscopic resection of the giant liver cyst with partial liver resection.Post-surgery her symptoms urinary symptoms were relieved completely and she was discharged on the sixth postoperative day.CONCLUSION Our patient presented with symptoms suggestive of pseudocystitis,stressing the need for considering possibilities of other etiologies and differential diagnoses.
文摘Background CH<sub>4</sub> concentration and seasonal variations measured at Zhongshan Station (69°22'2''S, 76°21'49''E, 18.5 m) in Antarctica from 2008 through 2013 are presented and discussed. From 2008-2013 CH<sub>4</sub> was measured in weekly<sub> </sub>flask samples and started on line measurement by Picarro CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O analyzer from March, 2010-2013. These CH<sub>4</sub> measurements show the expected growth period of CH<sub>4</sub> concentration during February (Antarctic spring) with a peak in September (fall). Irrespective of wind direction, CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations distribute evenly after the removal of polluted air from station operations, accounting for 1% of the data. The mean daily cycle of CH<sub>4</sub> concentration in all four seasons is small. The monthly mean CH<sub>4</sub> concentration at Zhongshan station is similar to those at other stations in Antarctica showing that CH<sub>4</sub> observed in Antarctica is fully mixed in the atmosphere as it is transported from the northern through the southern hemisphere. The annual CH<sub>4</sub> increase in recent years at Zhongshan station is 4.8 ppb·yr<sup>-1</sup>.
文摘Collapse is a geological disaster second only to landslides and occurs in large numbers every year in the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. We collected a variety of data such as topography, geological vegetation coverage, and human activities, and used spatial correlation analysis to eliminate factors with strong correlations. The frequency of collapse was calculated by the frequency ratio method and a hierarchical map was made. The result shows, in low susceptibility zone (LSI = 0 - 4), only 3 collapses happened, and 0.39% of total collapses. In middle susceptibility zone (LSI = 4 - 7.5), 35 collapses happened, and 5.66% of total collapses. In high susceptibility zone (LSI = 7.5 - 10), 64 collapses happened, and 10.36% of total collapses. In extremely high susceptibility zone (LSI = 10 - 14), 516 collapses happened, and 83.5% of total collapses. Using the GIS-based frequency method, the susceptibility to collapse was calculated and mapped, which was in good agreement with the actual landslide data. Collapse susceptibility results provide guidance for engineering construction.
文摘China is a country prone to geological disasters, especially in the northern mountainous areas of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, where the surface vegetation is sparse and the rainfall is concentrated, which is prone to landslides and brings a lot of losses to the local people. Based on the field investigation, this paper evaluates the landslide susceptibility in the northern mountainous area of Tianshan Mountains. The frequency ratio method is used to calculate the landslide probability, and the landslide index (LSI) is formed to represent the landslide susceptibility. The slope unit method is used to determine the landslide units, which values were calculated by the average of the landslide index. According to the calculated LSI range of 4.53 - 20.60. It is divided into 4 grades, LSI = 4.53 - 9, which is an area that is not prone to landslides, with an area of 891.69 km<sup>2</sup>. LSI = 9 - 11 indicates an area where landslides are more likely to occur, with an area of 1252.31 km<sup>2</sup>. LSI = 11 - 13 indicates the area is more prone to landslides, with an area of 714.86 km<sup>2</sup>. LSI > 13 indicates the most prone area for landslides, with an area of 924.60 km<sup>2</sup>.
基金Project(51764027) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014CB643404) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81503041)Project Foundation of Changsha Science and Technology Bureau (No. kq1701073)
文摘AIM: To investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies and their associations with clinical features in Chinesepatients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS: A total of 325 Chinese patients with CHB were enrolled in this retrospective,hospitalbased study.Patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),or primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) were included,with healthy donors acting as controls.A panel of autoantibodies that serologically define AIH and PBC was tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay and line immunoassay.The AIH-related autoantibody profile included homogeneous anti-nuclear antibodies(ANA-H),smooth-muscle antibodies,anti-liver kidney microsome type 1,antiliver cytosolic antigen type 1,and anti-soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas; the PBC-related antibodies were characterized by ANA-nuclear dots/membranous rimlike,anti-mitochondrial antibodies-M2(AMA-M2),antiBPO(recombinant antigen targeted by AMA-M2),antiSp100,anti-promyelocytic leukemia protein(anti-PML),and anti-gp210.The dichotomization of clustering was used to unequivocally designate the AIH or PBC profiles for each case.Anti-Ro52 antibodies were also tested.RESULTS: The prevalence of any autoantibody in CHB amounted to 58.2%,which was similar to the 66.2% prevalence in CHC,significantly higher than the 6.7% in the healthy controls(P < 0.001),and lower than the 100% found in AIH and PBC(P = 0.004 and P < 0.001,respectively).There were more anti-PML and anti-gp210 antibodies among the CHB patients than the CHC patients(11.1% vs 0%,P = 0.003; 12.6% vs 0%,P < 0.001,respectively).The prevalence and titer of AMA,anti-BPO,anti-PML,and anti-gp210 were higher in PBC than in those with CHB.Among the CHB patients,the prevalence of ANA,especially ANA-H,was significantly lower in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis compared with patients without cirrhosis.Thirty-eight cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in CHB showed a significant differencecompared with non-HCC patients in the prevalence of anti-PML(0% vs 12.5%,P = 0.013).Dichotomization of the autoantibodies revealed that the PBC profile was more prevalent in patients with CHB than in those with CHC,and that it was strongly correlated with both compensated and decompensated cirrhosis.In contrast,the prevalence of the AIH profile was significantly higher in non-cirrhosis patients with CHB than in those with compensated cirrhosis(18.5% vs 8.2%,P = 0.039).Moreover,the AIH profile was also closely associated with hepatitis B e-antigen positivity.CONCLUSION: ANA-H could be an indicator of earlystage CHB.Dichotomizing the autoantibody profiles revealed that the PBC profile is strongly associated with cirrhosis in CHB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.81100922
文摘Nerve growth factor(NGF) plays an important role in promoting neuroregeneration after peripheral nerve injury. However, its effects are limited by its short half-life; it is therefore important to identify an effective mode of administration. High-frequency ultrasound(HFU) is increasingly used in the clinic for high-resolution visualization of tissues, and has been proposed as a method for identifying and evaluating peripheral nerve damage after injury. In addition, HFU is widely used for guiding needle placement when administering drugs to a specific site. We hypothesized that HFU guiding would optimize the neuroprotective effects of NGF on sciatic nerve injury in the rabbit. We performed behavioral, ultrasound, electrophysiological, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluation of HFU-guided NGF injections administered immediately after injury, or 14 days later, and compared this mode of administration with intramuscular NGF injections. Across all assessments, HFU-guided NGF injections gave consistently better outcomes than intramuscular NGF injections administered immediately or 14 days after injury, with immediate treatment also yielding better structural and functional results than when the treatment was delayed by 14 days. Our findings indicate that NGF should be administered as early as possible after peripheral nerve injury, and highlight the striking neuroprotective effects of HFU-guided NGF injections on peripheral nerve injury compared with intramuscular administration.
文摘High spectrum efficiency(SE)requirement and massive connections are the main challenges for the fifth generation(5G)and beyond 5G(B5G)wireless networks,especially for the case when Internet of Things(IoT)devices are located in a disaster area.Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)-based unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided network is emerging as a promising technique to overcome the above challenges.In this paper,an emergency communications framework of NOMA-based UAV-aided networks is established,where the disasters scenarios can be divided into three broad categories that have named emergency areas,wide areas and dense areas.First,a UAV-enabled uplink NOMA system is established to gather information from IoT devices in emergency areas.Then,a joint UAV deployment and resource allocation scheme for a multi-UAV enabled NOMA system is developed to extend the UAV coverage for IoT devices in wide areas.Furthermore,a UAV equipped with an antenna array has been considered to provide wireless service for multiple devices that are densely distributed in disaster areas.Simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the above three schemes.Finally,potential research directions and challenges are also highlighted and discussed.
