Although AGAMOUS-LIKE6 (AGL6) MADS-box genes are ancient with wide distributions in gymnosperms and angiosperms, their functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show the biological role of the AGL6-1ike gene, OsMAD...Although AGAMOUS-LIKE6 (AGL6) MADS-box genes are ancient with wide distributions in gymnosperms and angiosperms, their functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show the biological role of the AGL6-1ike gene, OsMADS6, in specifying floral organ and meristem identities in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsMADS6 was strongly ex- pressed in the floral meristem at early stages. Subsequently, OsMADS6 transcripts were mainly detectable in paleas, lodicules, carpels and the integument of ovule, as well as in the receptacle. Compared to wild type plants, osmads6 mutants displayed altered palea identity, extra glume-like or mosaic organs, abnormal carpel development and loss of floral meristem determinacy. Strikingly, mutation of a SEPALLATA (SEP)-like gene, OsMADS1 (LHS1), enhanced the defect of osmads6 flowers, and no inner floral organs or glume-like structures were observed in whorls 2 and 3 of osmadsl-z osmads6-1 flowers. Furthermore, the osmadsl-z osmads6-1 double mutants developed severely indetermi- nate floral meristems. Our finding, therefore, suggests that the ancient OsMADS6 gene is able to specify "floral state" by determining floral organ and meristem identities in monocot crop rice together with OsMADS1.展开更多
Non-specific lipid transfer proteins(nsLTPs) are small, basic proteins that are characterized by an eight-cysteine motif. The biological functions of these proteins have been reported to involve plant reproduction and...Non-specific lipid transfer proteins(nsLTPs) are small, basic proteins that are characterized by an eight-cysteine motif. The biological functions of these proteins have been reported to involve plant reproduction and biotic or abiotic stress response. With the completion of the barley genome sequence, a genome-wide analysis of nsLTPs in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)(HvLTPs) will be helpful for understanding the function of nsLTPs in plants. We performed a genome-wide analysis of the nsLTP gene family in barley and identified 70 nsLTP genes,which can be divided into five types(1, 2, C, D, and G). Each type of nsLTPs shares similar exon and intron gene structures. Expression analysis showed that barley nsLTPs have diverse expression patterns, revealing their various roles. Our results shed light on the phylogenetic relationships and potential functions of barley nsLTPs and will be useful for future studies of barley development and molecular breeding.展开更多
BACKGROUND The survival of patients treated with monotherapy for hepatic malignancies is not ideal.A comprehensive program of cryoablation combined with radiotherapy for the treatment of hepatic malignancies results i...BACKGROUND The survival of patients treated with monotherapy for hepatic malignancies is not ideal.A comprehensive program of cryoablation combined with radiotherapy for the treatment of hepatic malignancies results in less trauma to the patients.It may provide an option for the treatment of patients with advanced hepatic malignancies.CASE SUMMARY We reported 5 cases of advanced-stage hepatic malignancies treated in our hospital from 2017-2018,including 3 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 2 cases of metastatic hepatic carcinoma.They first received cryoablation therapy on their liver lesions.The procedure consisted of 2 freeze-thaw cycles,and for each session,the duration of freezing was 13-15 min,and the natural rewarming period was 2-8 min.Depending on the tumor size,the appropriate cryoprobes were selected to achieve complete tumor ablation to the greatest extent possible.After cryoablation surgery,intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)for liver lesions was performed,and the radiotherapy regimen was 5400 cGy/18f and 300 cGy/f.None of the 5 patients had adverse events above grade II,and their quality of life was significantly improved.Among them,4 patients were free of disease progression in the liver lesions under local control,and their survival was prolonged;3 patients are still alive.CONCLUSION Our clinical practice demonstrated that cryoablation combined with IMRT could be implemented safely.The definitive efficacy for hepatic malignancies needs to be confirmed in larger-size sample prospective studies.展开更多
DNA markers play important roles in plant breed- ing and genetics. The Insertion/Deletion （InDel） marker is one kind of co-dominant DNA markers widely used due to its low cost and high precision. However, the canoni...DNA markers play important roles in plant breed- ing and genetics. The Insertion/Deletion （InDel） marker is one kind of co-dominant DNA markers widely used due to its low cost and high precision. However, the canonical way of searching for InDel markers is time-consuming and labor- intensive. We developed an end-to-end computational solution （InDel Markers Development Platform, IMDP） to identify genome-wide InDel markers under a graphic pipeline environment. IMDP constitutes assembled genome sequen- ces alignment pipeline （AGA-pipe） and next-generation re- sequencing data mapping pipeline （NGS-pipe）. With AGA-pipe we are able to identify 12,944 markers between the genome of rice cultivars Nipponbare and 93-11. Using NGS-pipe, we reported 34,794 InDels from re-sequencing data of rice cultivars Wu-Yun-Geng7 and Guang-Lu-Ai4. Combining AGA- pipe and NGS-pipe, we developed 2o5,659 InDels in eight japonica and nine indica cultivars and 2,681 InDels showed a subgroup-specific pattern. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） analysis of subgroup-specific markers indicated that the precision reached 90% （86 of 95）. Finally, to make them available to the public, we have integrated the InDels/markers information into a website （Rice InDel Marker Database, RIMD, http：I/2o2.12o.45.71/）. The application of IMDP in rice will facilitate efficiency for development of genome-wide InDel markers, in addition it can be used in other species with reference genome sequences and NGS data.展开更多
WUSCHEL-related homeobox （WOX） genes form a large gene family specifically expressed in plants.They are known to play important roles in regulating the development of plant tissues and organs by determining cell fat...WUSCHEL-related homeobox （WOX） genes form a large gene family specifically expressed in plants.They are known to play important roles in regulating the development of plant tissues and organs by determining cell fate.Recent available whole genome sequences allow us to do more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the WOX genes in plants.In the present study,we identified 11 and 21 WOXs from sorghum （Sorghum bicolor） and maize （Zea mays）,respectively.The 72 WOX genes from rice （Oryza sativa）,sorghum,maize,Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thaliana） and poplar （Populus trichocarpa） were grouped into three well supported clades with nine subgroups according to the amino acid sequences of their homodomains.Their phylogenetic relationship was also supported by the observation of the motifs outside the homodomain.We observed the variation of duplication events among the nine sub-groups between monocots and eudicots,for instance,more gene duplication events of WOXs within subgroup A for monocots,while,less for dicots in this subgroup.Furthermore,we observed the conserved intron/exon structural patterns of WOX genes in rice,sorghum and Arabidopsis.In addition,WUS （Wuschel）-box and EAR （the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression）-like motif were observed to be conserved among several WOX subgroups in these five plants.Comparative analysis of expression patterns of WOX genes in rice and Arabidopsis suggest that the WOX genes play conserved and various roles in plants.This work provides insights into the evolution of the WOX gene family and is useful for future research.展开更多
Two types of photoluminescent carbon dots （CDs）-embedded polyelectrolyte （PE） microcapsules were successfully prepared via the layer-by-layer （LbL） assembly approach on sacrificial templates. For the first type,...Two types of photoluminescent carbon dots （CDs）-embedded polyelectrolyte （PE） microcapsules were successfully prepared via the layer-by-layer （LbL） assembly approach on sacrificial templates. For the first type, the PE microcapsules with CDs embedded in the cavity were produced from assembly of five pairs of poly（sodium 4-styrensulfonate） （PSS） and poly（allylamine hydrochloride） （PAH） on CDs-pre-loaded meso-porous silica. For the second type, the PE microcapsules with CDs embedded in the wall were made of CDs and PAH, which were derived from SiO2 particles as templates. Microscope images confirmed the introduction of CDs into the two CDs-embedded microcapsules. These two microcapsules also retained the optical properties of free CDs. Photoluminescence spectra revealed that the two types of microcapsules had excitation-dependent photoluminescence behavior. When the excitation wavelength changed from 280 to 340nm, photoluminescence emission peak of the PE microcapsules with CDs embedded in the cavity shifts from 369 to 377 nm, while for microcapsules with CDs embedded in the wall, emission peak shifts from 367 to 390 nm. Due to low toxicity, good hydrophilicity and photoluminescence properties of CDs, these two kinds of photo-luminescent microcapsules have competitive potential for application in carriers for imaging, drug delivery and biosensors.展开更多
Noble metal alloys are one of the most commonly used heterogeneous catalysts.During many reactions,the surface composition and oxidation states of the noble metal alloy particles have been reported to be dynamic.This ...Noble metal alloys are one of the most commonly used heterogeneous catalysts.During many reactions,the surface composition and oxidation states of the noble metal alloy particles have been reported to be dynamic.This paper describes a density functional theory study to explore the initial oxidation stages of the Ptbased surfaces,which are widely-used catalysts in various clean energy conversion processes.By applying a genetic algorithm based global optimization,we identified new surface phases at relatively high O coverages,1 ML and 3/2 ML,on Pt and Pt alloy(111)surfaces.The existence of O transforms the metallic surfaces,creating oxide skins with different morphology and composition.Metals with higher reducibility are pulled out to the outmost surface,to bind with O atoms.The lattice constant affects the binding strength of O atoms over certain oxide skins.Moreover,the strain effect plays a crucial role in the formation of oxide overlayers.展开更多
基金We gratefully acknowledge B Han from National Center for Gene Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Rice Genome Resource Center (RGRC) for providing BAC clone, cDNA clone and Tosl7 insertion line. We thank Z-J Luo and M-J Chen from Shanghai Jiao Tong University for mutant screening and generation of F2 populations, X-Y Gao from Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, CAS, for SEM, H Yu from Nation- al University Of Singapore for critical reading of this manuscript and H Ma from Fudan University for helpful discussion. This work was supported by funds from the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB941500, 2006CB 101700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30725022, 30830014 and 90717109) and the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B205).
文摘Although AGAMOUS-LIKE6 (AGL6) MADS-box genes are ancient with wide distributions in gymnosperms and angiosperms, their functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show the biological role of the AGL6-1ike gene, OsMADS6, in specifying floral organ and meristem identities in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsMADS6 was strongly ex- pressed in the floral meristem at early stages. Subsequently, OsMADS6 transcripts were mainly detectable in paleas, lodicules, carpels and the integument of ovule, as well as in the receptacle. Compared to wild type plants, osmads6 mutants displayed altered palea identity, extra glume-like or mosaic organs, abnormal carpel development and loss of floral meristem determinacy. Strikingly, mutation of a SEPALLATA (SEP)-like gene, OsMADS1 (LHS1), enhanced the defect of osmads6 flowers, and no inner floral organs or glume-like structures were observed in whorls 2 and 3 of osmadsl-z osmads6-1 flowers. Furthermore, the osmadsl-z osmads6-1 double mutants developed severely indetermi- nate floral meristems. Our finding, therefore, suggests that the ancient OsMADS6 gene is able to specify "floral state" by determining floral organ and meristem identities in monocot crop rice together with OsMADS1.
基金supported by funds from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100903)
文摘Non-specific lipid transfer proteins(nsLTPs) are small, basic proteins that are characterized by an eight-cysteine motif. The biological functions of these proteins have been reported to involve plant reproduction and biotic or abiotic stress response. With the completion of the barley genome sequence, a genome-wide analysis of nsLTPs in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)(HvLTPs) will be helpful for understanding the function of nsLTPs in plants. We performed a genome-wide analysis of the nsLTP gene family in barley and identified 70 nsLTP genes,which can be divided into five types(1, 2, C, D, and G). Each type of nsLTPs shares similar exon and intron gene structures. Expression analysis showed that barley nsLTPs have diverse expression patterns, revealing their various roles. Our results shed light on the phylogenetic relationships and potential functions of barley nsLTPs and will be useful for future studies of barley development and molecular breeding.
基金Supported by Health Commission of Hebei Province,No.G2018068
文摘BACKGROUND The survival of patients treated with monotherapy for hepatic malignancies is not ideal.A comprehensive program of cryoablation combined with radiotherapy for the treatment of hepatic malignancies results in less trauma to the patients.It may provide an option for the treatment of patients with advanced hepatic malignancies.CASE SUMMARY We reported 5 cases of advanced-stage hepatic malignancies treated in our hospital from 2017-2018,including 3 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 2 cases of metastatic hepatic carcinoma.They first received cryoablation therapy on their liver lesions.The procedure consisted of 2 freeze-thaw cycles,and for each session,the duration of freezing was 13-15 min,and the natural rewarming period was 2-8 min.Depending on the tumor size,the appropriate cryoprobes were selected to achieve complete tumor ablation to the greatest extent possible.After cryoablation surgery,intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)for liver lesions was performed,and the radiotherapy regimen was 5400 cGy/18f and 300 cGy/f.None of the 5 patients had adverse events above grade II,and their quality of life was significantly improved.Among them,4 patients were free of disease progression in the liver lesions under local control,and their survival was prolonged;3 patients are still alive.CONCLUSION Our clinical practice demonstrated that cryoablation combined with IMRT could be implemented safely.The definitive efficacy for hepatic malignancies needs to be confirmed in larger-size sample prospective studies.
基金supported by the Funds from National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270222,31470397 and 31230051)Key Project on Basic Research from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai(14JC1403900)+5 种基金Project on Breeding from Agriculture Commission of Shanghai(2013-13)the China Innovative Research Team,Ministry of Education,Chinathe 111 Project (B14016)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(13ZZ018)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Pudong Science and Technology Commission (PKJ2013-N03)National Transgenic Major Program Grants 2014ZX08009-003-003
文摘DNA markers play important roles in plant breed- ing and genetics. The Insertion/Deletion （InDel） marker is one kind of co-dominant DNA markers widely used due to its low cost and high precision. However, the canonical way of searching for InDel markers is time-consuming and labor- intensive. We developed an end-to-end computational solution （InDel Markers Development Platform, IMDP） to identify genome-wide InDel markers under a graphic pipeline environment. IMDP constitutes assembled genome sequen- ces alignment pipeline （AGA-pipe） and next-generation re- sequencing data mapping pipeline （NGS-pipe）. With AGA-pipe we are able to identify 12,944 markers between the genome of rice cultivars Nipponbare and 93-11. Using NGS-pipe, we reported 34,794 InDels from re-sequencing data of rice cultivars Wu-Yun-Geng7 and Guang-Lu-Ai4. Combining AGA- pipe and NGS-pipe, we developed 2o5,659 InDels in eight japonica and nine indica cultivars and 2,681 InDels showed a subgroup-specific pattern. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） analysis of subgroup-specific markers indicated that the precision reached 90% （86 of 95）. Finally, to make them available to the public, we have integrated the InDels/markers information into a website （Rice InDel Marker Database, RIMD, http：I/2o2.12o.45.71/）. The application of IMDP in rice will facilitate efficiency for development of genome-wide InDel markers, in addition it can be used in other species with reference genome sequences and NGS data.
基金supported by funds from the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2009CB941500and 2007CB108700)the National Hi-Tech R & D Program (863) of China (2006AA10A102)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30725022 and 30600347)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B205)
文摘WUSCHEL-related homeobox （WOX） genes form a large gene family specifically expressed in plants.They are known to play important roles in regulating the development of plant tissues and organs by determining cell fate.Recent available whole genome sequences allow us to do more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the WOX genes in plants.In the present study,we identified 11 and 21 WOXs from sorghum （Sorghum bicolor） and maize （Zea mays）,respectively.The 72 WOX genes from rice （Oryza sativa）,sorghum,maize,Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thaliana） and poplar （Populus trichocarpa） were grouped into three well supported clades with nine subgroups according to the amino acid sequences of their homodomains.Their phylogenetic relationship was also supported by the observation of the motifs outside the homodomain.We observed the variation of duplication events among the nine sub-groups between monocots and eudicots,for instance,more gene duplication events of WOXs within subgroup A for monocots,while,less for dicots in this subgroup.Furthermore,we observed the conserved intron/exon structural patterns of WOX genes in rice,sorghum and Arabidopsis.In addition,WUS （Wuschel）-box and EAR （the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression）-like motif were observed to be conserved among several WOX subgroups in these five plants.Comparative analysis of expression patterns of WOX genes in rice and Arabidopsis suggest that the WOX genes play conserved and various roles in plants.This work provides insights into the evolution of the WOX gene family and is useful for future research.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20925621,20976054,and 21176083)the Special Projects for Nanotechnology of Shanghai(11nm0500800)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT0825)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Project Number:B502),for financial supports
文摘Two types of photoluminescent carbon dots （CDs）-embedded polyelectrolyte （PE） microcapsules were successfully prepared via the layer-by-layer （LbL） assembly approach on sacrificial templates. For the first type, the PE microcapsules with CDs embedded in the cavity were produced from assembly of five pairs of poly（sodium 4-styrensulfonate） （PSS） and poly（allylamine hydrochloride） （PAH） on CDs-pre-loaded meso-porous silica. For the second type, the PE microcapsules with CDs embedded in the wall were made of CDs and PAH, which were derived from SiO2 particles as templates. Microscope images confirmed the introduction of CDs into the two CDs-embedded microcapsules. These two microcapsules also retained the optical properties of free CDs. Photoluminescence spectra revealed that the two types of microcapsules had excitation-dependent photoluminescence behavior. When the excitation wavelength changed from 280 to 340nm, photoluminescence emission peak of the PE microcapsules with CDs embedded in the cavity shifts from 369 to 377 nm, while for microcapsules with CDs embedded in the wall, emission peak shifts from 367 to 390 nm. Due to low toxicity, good hydrophilicity and photoluminescence properties of CDs, these two kinds of photo-luminescent microcapsules have competitive potential for application in carriers for imaging, drug delivery and biosensors.
基金We acknowledge the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0600901)the National Science Foundation of China(21525626,21761132023,and 21606169)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B06006)for financial support.
文摘Noble metal alloys are one of the most commonly used heterogeneous catalysts.During many reactions,the surface composition and oxidation states of the noble metal alloy particles have been reported to be dynamic.This paper describes a density functional theory study to explore the initial oxidation stages of the Ptbased surfaces,which are widely-used catalysts in various clean energy conversion processes.By applying a genetic algorithm based global optimization,we identified new surface phases at relatively high O coverages,1 ML and 3/2 ML,on Pt and Pt alloy(111)surfaces.The existence of O transforms the metallic surfaces,creating oxide skins with different morphology and composition.Metals with higher reducibility are pulled out to the outmost surface,to bind with O atoms.The lattice constant affects the binding strength of O atoms over certain oxide skins.Moreover,the strain effect plays a crucial role in the formation of oxide overlayers.
