AIM： To investigate the effect of 5-allyl-7-gen-difluoromethylenechrysin （ADFMChR） on apoptosis of human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell line and the molecular mechanisms involved.METHODS： HepG2 cells and L-02 cells we...AIM： To investigate the effect of 5-allyl-7-gen-difluoromethylenechrysin （ADFMChR） on apoptosis of human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell line and the molecular mechanisms involved.METHODS： HepG2 cells and L-02 cells were cultured in vitro and the inhibitory effect of ADFMChR on their proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The apoptosis of HepG2 cells was determined by flow cytometry （FCM） using propidium iodide （PI） fluorescence staining. DNA ladder bands were observed by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. The influence of ADFMChR on the proxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）, NF-κB, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression of HepG2 cells were analyzed by Western blotting.RESULTS： MTT assay showed that ADFMChR significantly inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose- dependent manner, with little effect on growth of L-02 cells, and when ICs0 was measured as 8.45 μmol/L and 191.55 μmol/L respectively, the potency of ADFMChR to HepG2 cells, was found to be similar to 5-fluorouracil （5-FU, ICso was 9.27 μmol/L）. The selective index of ADFMChR cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells was 22.67 （191.55/8.45）, higher than 5-FU （SI was 7.05 （65.37/9.27）. FCM with PI staining demonstrated that the apoptosis rates of HepG2 cells treated with 3.0, 10.0 and 30.0 μmol/L ADFMChR for 48 h were 5.79%, 9.29% and 37.8%, respectively, and were significantly higher when treated with 30.0 μmol/L ADFMChR than when treated with 30.0 μmol/L ChR （16.0%） （P 〈 0.05） and were similar to those obtained with 30.0 μmol/L 5-FU（41.0%）. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed that treatment of HepG2 cells with 10.0 μmol/L ADFMChR for 48 h and 72 h resulted in typical DNA ladders which could be reversed by 10.00 pmol/1 GW9662, a blocker of PPARy. Western blotting analysis revealed that aEer 24 h of treatment with 3.0, 10.0, 30.0 μmol/L ADFMChR, PPARy and Bax protein expression in HepG2 cells increased but Bcl-2 and NF-κB expression decreased; however, pre-incubation with 10.0 μmol/L GW9662 could efficiently antagonize and weaken the regulatory effect of 3.0, 30.0 μmol/L ADFMChR on PPARy and NF-KB protein expression in HepG2 cells.CONCLUSION： ADFMChR induces apoptosis of HepG2 cell lines by activating PPARγ, inhibiting protein expression of Bcl-2 and NF-κB, and increasing Bax expression.展开更多
Background： Atopic dermatitis （AD） is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several ...Background： Atopic dermatitis （AD） is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of AD. Although the clinical features of childhood AD have been widely studied, there has been less large-scale study on adult/adolescent AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of adult/adolescent patients with chronic symmetrical eczemaJAD and to propose Chinese diagnostic criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Methods： A hospital-based study was performed. Forty-two dermatological centers participated in this study. Adult and adolescent patients （12 years and over） with chronic symmetrical eczema or AD were included in this study. Questionnaires were completed by both patients and-investigators. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 software. Results： A total of 2662 valid questionnaires were collected （1369 male and 1293 female）. Of all 2662 patients, 2062 （77.5%） patients had the disease after 12 years old, while only 600 （22.5%） patients had the disease before 12 years old, suggesting late-onset eczema/AD is common. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine （80.4%） patients had the disease for more than 6 months. One thousand one hundred and forty-four （43.0%） patients had a personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. One thousand five hundred and forty-eight （58.2%） patients had an elevated total serum IgE and/or eosinophilia and/or positive allergen-specific IgE. Based on these clinical and laboratory features, we proposed Chinese criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Of all 2662 patients, 60.3% were satisfied with our criteria, while only 48.2% satisfied with Hanifin Rajka criteria and 32.7% satisfied with Williams criteria, suggesting a good sensitivity of our criteria in adult/adolescent AD patients. Conclusion： Late-onset of eczema or AD is common. The clinical manifestations of AD are heterogeneous. We have proposed Chinese diagnostic criteria for adolescent and adult AD, which are simple and sensitive for diagnosis of adult/adolescent AD.展开更多
Background:Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease,affecting about 0.6%of the Chinese population.Many patients are not well controlled by conventional treatments,thus there is need for new treatment regimens....Background:Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease,affecting about 0.6%of the Chinese population.Many patients are not well controlled by conventional treatments,thus there is need for new treatment regimens.In this study,we assessed the efficacy and safety of secukinumab in Chinese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.Methods:This study was a 52-week,multicentre,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel-group,Phase 3 trial.A sub-population of study participants(≥18 years)of Chinese ethnicity were randomized to receive subcutaneous injections of 300 or 150 mg secukinumab,or placebo.The co-primary endpoints were psoriasis area severity index(PASI)75 and Investigator’s Global Assessment(IGA)0/1 at Week 12.Results:A total of 441 Chinese patients were enrolled in this study.Co-primary outcomes were achieved;300 and 150 mg secukinumab were superior to placebo as shown in the proportion of patients that achieved PASI 75(97.7%and 87.2%vs.3.7%,respectively;P<0.001),and IGA 0/1(82.3%and 69.7%vs.2.7%;P<0.001)at Week 12.Treatment efficacy was maintained until Week 52.There was no increase in overall adverse events with secukinumab relative to placebo throughout the 52-week period.Conclusion:Secukinumab is highly effective and well tolerated in Chinese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.展开更多
Background:Benvitimod cream,a novel synthetic small molecule,was effective in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.We conducted a phase III clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of benvitimod cream in...Background:Benvitimod cream,a novel synthetic small molecule,was effective in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.We conducted a phase III clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of benvitimod cream in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.Methods:We randomly assigned 686 patients(2:1:1)to receive 1%benvitimod cream,0.005%calcipotriol ointment or placebo twice a day for 12 weeks.The primary efficacy end points were the percentage of patients with a 75%or greater reduction from baseline in the psoriasis area and severity index(PASI 75)score and with a score of 0 or 1 in static physician’s global assessment(sPGA)at week 12.Results:The results showed that 50.4%of patients in the benvitimod group achieved PASI 75,which was significantly higher than that in the calcipotriol(38.5%,P<0.05)and placebo(13.9%,P<0.05)groups.The proportion of patients achieving an sPGA score 0 or 1 was 66.3%in the benvitimod group and 63.9%in the calcipotriol group,which were both significantly higher than that in the placebo group(34%,P<0.05).In the long-term follow-up study,50.8%of patients experienced recurrence.After retreatment with 1%benvitimod,73.3%of patients achieved an sPGA score of 0 or 1 again at week 52.Adverse events included application site irritation,follicular papules,and contact dermatitis.No systemic adverse reactions were reported.Conclusion:During this 12-week study,benvitimod cream was demonstrated with high effectiveness and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.展开更多
Chlamydia trachomatis （Ct） genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease （STD） in China and the US. The morbidity of Ct genital infection in China has increased from 32.48/100,000 in 2008 to 37...Chlamydia trachomatis （Ct） genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease （STD） in China and the US. The morbidity of Ct genital infection in China has increased from 32.48/100,000 in 2008 to 37.18/100,000 in 2015.[1] The major areas of Ct infections are concentrated in the Zhujiang Delta, Changjiang Delta, Minjiang Area, and West China. In these areas, the highest incidence of Ct infection reaches 615.99/100,000 citizens. In the US, there are 1,441,789 reported Ct, which include 627.2 females and 278.4 males per 100,000 population. It is now the most prevalent STD, with its rate increasing to 22% in males and 6% in females.[2] Ct genital infection can cause epididymitis, prostatitis, cervicitis, annexitis, infertility, and atopic pregnancy, which have been identified as the major public health problems.展开更多
Syphilis,caused by Treponema pallidum subsp pallidum(T.pallidum),is a chronic,systemic human disease transmitted through sexual contact.The incidence and prevalence of syphilis is still high in China.[1]To guide the p...Syphilis,caused by Treponema pallidum subsp pallidum(T.pallidum),is a chronic,systemic human disease transmitted through sexual contact.The incidence and prevalence of syphilis is still high in China.[1]To guide the prevention measures and management of this disease,we renew the guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of syphilis[Supplementary file,http://links.lww.com/CM9/A292].Manifestations and diagnosis of all stages of syphilis are presented in Table 1,and management in Table 2.展开更多
Gonorrhea is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases in China.It mainly affects the genitourinary tract,and its clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic to complicated types.The diagnosis of gonorrhea shou...Gonorrhea is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases in China.It mainly affects the genitourinary tract,and its clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic to complicated types.The diagnosis of gonorrhea should be based on the patient's epidemiologicai history,clinical manifestations,and laboratory examination results.Treatment should be prompt and standardized and should involve the recommended treatment regimens.Patients should be appropriately followed up after treatment.The antimicrobial resistance of gonococcal isolates has become a severe problem of clinical concern.In order to provide technical guidance of the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea for health care workers,the authors developed the guidelines based on the version of 2014,which will be of important in the standardizing medical care of gonorrhea,and further facilitating control and prevention of the disease.展开更多
Urticaria is a common dermatological condition that is characterized by wheals and pruritus.Certain types of urticaria can be resistant to treatment,and recurrence is common.These guidelines supplement and improve upo...Urticaria is a common dermatological condition that is characterized by wheals and pruritus.Certain types of urticaria can be resistant to treatment,and recurrence is common.These guidelines supplement and improve upon the previous version(published in 2014)of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urticaria in China,and incorporate recent research advances in urticaria.These guidelines are suitable for both Chinese adults and children of Han nationality with urticaria.These guidelines update and broaden the definition,pathogenesis,classification,diagnosis,and treatment of urticaria,and serve as a scientific and authoritative reference for the diagnosis and management of urticaria.展开更多
Acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic,recurrent,inflammatory skin disease that affects the pilosebaceous units,causinfollicular occlusion.The etiology and pathogenesis of acne inversa/hidradenitis suppura...Acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic,recurrent,inflammatory skin disease that affects the pilosebaceous units,causinfollicular occlusion.The etiology and pathogenesis of acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa involves internal and external factors such as genetic susceptibility,inflammation and immunity,microorganisms,obesity,and smoking.acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa is difficult to treat,and the current aim of treatment is to control the frequency and duration of disease flares and improve the quality of life.Treatment protocols for acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa should be selected based on the disease severity grade.Medical treatments include antibiotics,retinoids,biologics,immunosuppressive agents,and antiandrogen agents.Adjuvant treatments include surgery and laser/light therapies.This consensus aims to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment procedures of acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa in China to facilitate its diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Allergic contact dermatitis is a common clinical allergic disease.The patch test is the gold standard for finding and clarifying contact allergens.With the deepening understanding of the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and ...Allergic contact dermatitis is a common clinical allergic disease.The patch test is the gold standard for finding and clarifying contact allergens.With the deepening understanding of the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and clinical manifestations of contact dermatitis,as well as the increased requirements for the standardized application of patch tests,the relevant consensus needs to be continuously updated.This consensus is updated on the basis of the version issued in 2015.In this revised version,it refines the selection of clinical indications,improves the judgment end interpretation of results,adds delayed detection and patient education,and so on,which aims to further standardize clinical applications and improve the value of patch test.展开更多
Objective:SOX4,a transcription factor,has been found to contribute to tumorigenesis in several cancers.This study was performed to determine whether SOX4 mediates BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma.Methods:Melanoma...Objective:SOX4,a transcription factor,has been found to contribute to tumorigenesis in several cancers.This study was performed to determine whether SOX4 mediates BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma.Methods:Melanoma cell lines with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor(SK-MEL-5R,SK-MEL-28R,and A375R)were generated by adding escalating concentrations of PLX4032 into parental SK-MEL-5,SK-MEL-28,and A375 cells for>6 months.The expression of SOX4 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R)was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Westem blotting.The downstream signaling of IGF-1R was detected by Westem blotting.SOX4 and IGF-1R overexpression or knockdown was conducted by lentivirus transfection.Cell viability and apoptosis were demonstrated by MTT and flow cytometry,respectively.The binding ability of SOX4 to IGF-1R promoter was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR assay.Results:SOX4 was upregulated in BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells as compared with parental cells(SK-MEL-5 group,1.02 vs.6.33;SK-MEL-28 group,1.03 vs.3.22;A375 group,1.00 vs.1.86;t=°7.069,29.26,and 5.291,respectively;all P<0.01),and PLX4032 treatment could not alter the expression of SOX4 in resistant cells.SOX4 overexpreesion attenuated the response of parental cells to PLX4032(for cell viability,SK-MEL-5 group:77.76%vs.104.28%,F=91.50;SK-MEL-28 group:60.59%vs.93.13%,F=171.8;A375 group:62.50%vs.80.87%,F=47.15.For apoptosis rates,SK-MEL-5 group:34.90%vs.14.31%,F=4.781;SK-MEL-28 group,40.8%vs.29.4%,F=13.32,P=0.063;A375 group:40.20%vs.17.09%,F=11.39;all P<0.05,otherwise indicated).While SOX4 knockdown enhanced the response of resistant cells to PLX4032(for cell viability,SK-MEL-5R group:93.75%vs.69.53%,F=94.45,SK-MEL-28R group:95.60%vs.66.79%,F=30.41,A375R group:95.51%vs.59.98%,F=111.6;for apoptosis rates,SK-MEL-5R group:16.2%vs.44.4%,F=25.67,SK-MEL-28R group:26.59%vs.44.20%,F=158.0,A375R group:5.98%vs.31.51%,F=14.35,and all P<0.01).Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR assay demonstrated that SOX4 binded to the promoter of IGF-1R(1.04 vs.1.94[-1044 to-920 bp]and 0.110 vs.0.139[GAPDH],F=534.5,P<0.01).In addition,SOX4 overexpression increased IGF-1R end its downstream phosphorylated ERK,phosphorylated AKT,and phosphorylated STAT3 expression,while SOX4 knockdown exerted the opposite effects.Moreover,IGF-1R knockdown overcame SOX4 overexpreesion-induced PLX4032 resistance(cell viability:35.85%vs.52.79%vs.37.84%[A375 group,negative control group vs.SOX4 overexpressing group vs.SOX4 overexpressing+sh-IGF-1R group];apoptosis rates:25.30%vs.9.56%vs.22.26[A375 group,negative control group vs.SOX4 overexprassing group vs.SOX4 overexpressing+sh-IGF-1R group];F=13.01 and 41.87,respectively;all P<0.01),while IGF-1R overexpression abrogated SOX4 knockdown-induced response enhancement to PLX4032 for comparison of negative control group,sh-SOX4group and sh-SOX4+IGF-1 R overexpreesing group(cell viability:96.62%vs.86.86%vs.97.26%(A375R),98.15%vs.81.63%vs.98.49%[SK-MEL-5R];apoptosis rates:13.81%vs.32.00%vs.12.16[A375R],29.70%vs.41.40%vs.26.10%[SK-MEL-5R];F=13.56,12.86,38.81,and Conclusion:SOX4 mediates BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma through regulation of IGF-1R signaling.SOX4 might serve as a potential target for the treatment of BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma.39.85,respectively;all P<0.01).展开更多
基金Supported by Research Grant of Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Province,2007TP4017
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of 5-allyl-7-gen-difluoromethylenechrysin （ADFMChR） on apoptosis of human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell line and the molecular mechanisms involved.METHODS： HepG2 cells and L-02 cells were cultured in vitro and the inhibitory effect of ADFMChR on their proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The apoptosis of HepG2 cells was determined by flow cytometry （FCM） using propidium iodide （PI） fluorescence staining. DNA ladder bands were observed by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. The influence of ADFMChR on the proxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）, NF-κB, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression of HepG2 cells were analyzed by Western blotting.RESULTS： MTT assay showed that ADFMChR significantly inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose- dependent manner, with little effect on growth of L-02 cells, and when ICs0 was measured as 8.45 μmol/L and 191.55 μmol/L respectively, the potency of ADFMChR to HepG2 cells, was found to be similar to 5-fluorouracil （5-FU, ICso was 9.27 μmol/L）. The selective index of ADFMChR cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells was 22.67 （191.55/8.45）, higher than 5-FU （SI was 7.05 （65.37/9.27）. FCM with PI staining demonstrated that the apoptosis rates of HepG2 cells treated with 3.0, 10.0 and 30.0 μmol/L ADFMChR for 48 h were 5.79%, 9.29% and 37.8%, respectively, and were significantly higher when treated with 30.0 μmol/L ADFMChR than when treated with 30.0 μmol/L ChR （16.0%） （P 〈 0.05） and were similar to those obtained with 30.0 μmol/L 5-FU（41.0%）. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed that treatment of HepG2 cells with 10.0 μmol/L ADFMChR for 48 h and 72 h resulted in typical DNA ladders which could be reversed by 10.00 pmol/1 GW9662, a blocker of PPARy. Western blotting analysis revealed that aEer 24 h of treatment with 3.0, 10.0, 30.0 μmol/L ADFMChR, PPARy and Bax protein expression in HepG2 cells increased but Bcl-2 and NF-κB expression decreased; however, pre-incubation with 10.0 μmol/L GW9662 could efficiently antagonize and weaken the regulatory effect of 3.0, 30.0 μmol/L ADFMChR on PPARy and NF-KB protein expression in HepG2 cells.CONCLUSION： ADFMChR induces apoptosis of HepG2 cell lines by activating PPARγ, inhibiting protein expression of Bcl-2 and NF-κB, and increasing Bax expression.
文摘Background： Atopic dermatitis （AD） is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of AD. Although the clinical features of childhood AD have been widely studied, there has been less large-scale study on adult/adolescent AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of adult/adolescent patients with chronic symmetrical eczemaJAD and to propose Chinese diagnostic criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Methods： A hospital-based study was performed. Forty-two dermatological centers participated in this study. Adult and adolescent patients （12 years and over） with chronic symmetrical eczema or AD were included in this study. Questionnaires were completed by both patients and-investigators. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 software. Results： A total of 2662 valid questionnaires were collected （1369 male and 1293 female）. Of all 2662 patients, 2062 （77.5%） patients had the disease after 12 years old, while only 600 （22.5%） patients had the disease before 12 years old, suggesting late-onset eczema/AD is common. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine （80.4%） patients had the disease for more than 6 months. One thousand one hundred and forty-four （43.0%） patients had a personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. One thousand five hundred and forty-eight （58.2%） patients had an elevated total serum IgE and/or eosinophilia and/or positive allergen-specific IgE. Based on these clinical and laboratory features, we proposed Chinese criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Of all 2662 patients, 60.3% were satisfied with our criteria, while only 48.2% satisfied with Hanifin Rajka criteria and 32.7% satisfied with Williams criteria, suggesting a good sensitivity of our criteria in adult/adolescent AD patients. Conclusion： Late-onset of eczema or AD is common. The clinical manifestations of AD are heterogeneous. We have proposed Chinese diagnostic criteria for adolescent and adult AD, which are simple and sensitive for diagnosis of adult/adolescent AD.
基金This study was sponsored by Novartis Pharma AG,Basel,Switzerland。
文摘Background:Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease,affecting about 0.6%of the Chinese population.Many patients are not well controlled by conventional treatments,thus there is need for new treatment regimens.In this study,we assessed the efficacy and safety of secukinumab in Chinese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.Methods:This study was a 52-week,multicentre,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel-group,Phase 3 trial.A sub-population of study participants(≥18 years)of Chinese ethnicity were randomized to receive subcutaneous injections of 300 or 150 mg secukinumab,or placebo.The co-primary endpoints were psoriasis area severity index(PASI)75 and Investigator’s Global Assessment(IGA)0/1 at Week 12.Results:A total of 441 Chinese patients were enrolled in this study.Co-primary outcomes were achieved;300 and 150 mg secukinumab were superior to placebo as shown in the proportion of patients that achieved PASI 75(97.7%and 87.2%vs.3.7%,respectively;P<0.001),and IGA 0/1(82.3%and 69.7%vs.2.7%;P<0.001)at Week 12.Treatment efficacy was maintained until Week 52.There was no increase in overall adverse events with secukinumab relative to placebo throughout the 52-week period.Conclusion:Secukinumab is highly effective and well tolerated in Chinese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
基金Beijing Wenfeng Tianji Pharma Ltd.and the grant from National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2011ZX09101-006-02)。
文摘Background:Benvitimod cream,a novel synthetic small molecule,was effective in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.We conducted a phase III clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of benvitimod cream in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.Methods:We randomly assigned 686 patients(2:1:1)to receive 1%benvitimod cream,0.005%calcipotriol ointment or placebo twice a day for 12 weeks.The primary efficacy end points were the percentage of patients with a 75%or greater reduction from baseline in the psoriasis area and severity index(PASI 75)score and with a score of 0 or 1 in static physician’s global assessment(sPGA)at week 12.Results:The results showed that 50.4%of patients in the benvitimod group achieved PASI 75,which was significantly higher than that in the calcipotriol(38.5%,P<0.05)and placebo(13.9%,P<0.05)groups.The proportion of patients achieving an sPGA score 0 or 1 was 66.3%in the benvitimod group and 63.9%in the calcipotriol group,which were both significantly higher than that in the placebo group(34%,P<0.05).In the long-term follow-up study,50.8%of patients experienced recurrence.After retreatment with 1%benvitimod,73.3%of patients achieved an sPGA score of 0 or 1 again at week 52.Adverse events included application site irritation,follicular papules,and contact dermatitis.No systemic adverse reactions were reported.Conclusion:During this 12-week study,benvitimod cream was demonstrated with high effectiveness and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31370211).
文摘Chlamydia trachomatis （Ct） genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease （STD） in China and the US. The morbidity of Ct genital infection in China has increased from 32.48/100,000 in 2008 to 37.18/100,000 in 2015.[1] The major areas of Ct infections are concentrated in the Zhujiang Delta, Changjiang Delta, Minjiang Area, and West China. In these areas, the highest incidence of Ct infection reaches 615.99/100,000 citizens. In the US, there are 1,441,789 reported Ct, which include 627.2 females and 278.4 males per 100,000 population. It is now the most prevalent STD, with its rate increasing to 22% in males and 6% in females.[2] Ct genital infection can cause epididymitis, prostatitis, cervicitis, annexitis, infertility, and atopic pregnancy, which have been identified as the major public health problems.
基金the Union Innovation Team Project of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2016-I2M-3021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81772209,81601804).
文摘Syphilis,caused by Treponema pallidum subsp pallidum(T.pallidum),is a chronic,systemic human disease transmitted through sexual contact.The incidence and prevalence of syphilis is still high in China.[1]To guide the prevention measures and management of this disease,we renew the guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of syphilis[Supplementary file,http://links.lww.com/CM9/A292].Manifestations and diagnosis of all stages of syphilis are presented in Table 1,and management in Table 2.
基金This study was supported by the Union Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2016-I2M-3021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81772209 and No.81601804).
文摘Gonorrhea is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases in China.It mainly affects the genitourinary tract,and its clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic to complicated types.The diagnosis of gonorrhea should be based on the patient's epidemiologicai history,clinical manifestations,and laboratory examination results.Treatment should be prompt and standardized and should involve the recommended treatment regimens.Patients should be appropriately followed up after treatment.The antimicrobial resistance of gonococcal isolates has become a severe problem of clinical concern.In order to provide technical guidance of the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea for health care workers,the authors developed the guidelines based on the version of 2014,which will be of important in the standardizing medical care of gonorrhea,and further facilitating control and prevention of the disease.
文摘Urticaria is a common dermatological condition that is characterized by wheals and pruritus.Certain types of urticaria can be resistant to treatment,and recurrence is common.These guidelines supplement and improve upon the previous version(published in 2014)of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urticaria in China,and incorporate recent research advances in urticaria.These guidelines are suitable for both Chinese adults and children of Han nationality with urticaria.These guidelines update and broaden the definition,pathogenesis,classification,diagnosis,and treatment of urticaria,and serve as a scientific and authoritative reference for the diagnosis and management of urticaria.
文摘Acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic,recurrent,inflammatory skin disease that affects the pilosebaceous units,causinfollicular occlusion.The etiology and pathogenesis of acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa involves internal and external factors such as genetic susceptibility,inflammation and immunity,microorganisms,obesity,and smoking.acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa is difficult to treat,and the current aim of treatment is to control the frequency and duration of disease flares and improve the quality of life.Treatment protocols for acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa should be selected based on the disease severity grade.Medical treatments include antibiotics,retinoids,biologics,immunosuppressive agents,and antiandrogen agents.Adjuvant treatments include surgery and laser/light therapies.This consensus aims to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment procedures of acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa in China to facilitate its diagnosis and treatment.
文摘Allergic contact dermatitis is a common clinical allergic disease.The patch test is the gold standard for finding and clarifying contact allergens.With the deepening understanding of the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and clinical manifestations of contact dermatitis,as well as the increased requirements for the standardized application of patch tests,the relevant consensus needs to be continuously updated.This consensus is updated on the basis of the version issued in 2015.In this revised version,it refines the selection of clinical indications,improves the judgment end interpretation of results,adds delayed detection and patient education,and so on,which aims to further standardize clinical applications and improve the value of patch test.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81673917 and No.81973582)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515110833)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(No.2019GN043).
文摘Objective:SOX4,a transcription factor,has been found to contribute to tumorigenesis in several cancers.This study was performed to determine whether SOX4 mediates BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma.Methods:Melanoma cell lines with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor(SK-MEL-5R,SK-MEL-28R,and A375R)were generated by adding escalating concentrations of PLX4032 into parental SK-MEL-5,SK-MEL-28,and A375 cells for>6 months.The expression of SOX4 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R)was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Westem blotting.The downstream signaling of IGF-1R was detected by Westem blotting.SOX4 and IGF-1R overexpression or knockdown was conducted by lentivirus transfection.Cell viability and apoptosis were demonstrated by MTT and flow cytometry,respectively.The binding ability of SOX4 to IGF-1R promoter was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR assay.Results:SOX4 was upregulated in BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells as compared with parental cells(SK-MEL-5 group,1.02 vs.6.33;SK-MEL-28 group,1.03 vs.3.22;A375 group,1.00 vs.1.86;t=°7.069,29.26,and 5.291,respectively;all P<0.01),and PLX4032 treatment could not alter the expression of SOX4 in resistant cells.SOX4 overexpreesion attenuated the response of parental cells to PLX4032(for cell viability,SK-MEL-5 group:77.76%vs.104.28%,F=91.50;SK-MEL-28 group:60.59%vs.93.13%,F=171.8;A375 group:62.50%vs.80.87%,F=47.15.For apoptosis rates,SK-MEL-5 group:34.90%vs.14.31%,F=4.781;SK-MEL-28 group,40.8%vs.29.4%,F=13.32,P=0.063;A375 group:40.20%vs.17.09%,F=11.39;all P<0.05,otherwise indicated).While SOX4 knockdown enhanced the response of resistant cells to PLX4032(for cell viability,SK-MEL-5R group:93.75%vs.69.53%,F=94.45,SK-MEL-28R group:95.60%vs.66.79%,F=30.41,A375R group:95.51%vs.59.98%,F=111.6;for apoptosis rates,SK-MEL-5R group:16.2%vs.44.4%,F=25.67,SK-MEL-28R group:26.59%vs.44.20%,F=158.0,A375R group:5.98%vs.31.51%,F=14.35,and all P<0.01).Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR assay demonstrated that SOX4 binded to the promoter of IGF-1R(1.04 vs.1.94[-1044 to-920 bp]and 0.110 vs.0.139[GAPDH],F=534.5,P<0.01).In addition,SOX4 overexpression increased IGF-1R end its downstream phosphorylated ERK,phosphorylated AKT,and phosphorylated STAT3 expression,while SOX4 knockdown exerted the opposite effects.Moreover,IGF-1R knockdown overcame SOX4 overexpreesion-induced PLX4032 resistance(cell viability:35.85%vs.52.79%vs.37.84%[A375 group,negative control group vs.SOX4 overexpressing group vs.SOX4 overexpressing+sh-IGF-1R group];apoptosis rates:25.30%vs.9.56%vs.22.26[A375 group,negative control group vs.SOX4 overexprassing group vs.SOX4 overexpressing+sh-IGF-1R group];F=13.01 and 41.87,respectively;all P<0.01),while IGF-1R overexpression abrogated SOX4 knockdown-induced response enhancement to PLX4032 for comparison of negative control group,sh-SOX4group and sh-SOX4+IGF-1 R overexpreesing group(cell viability:96.62%vs.86.86%vs.97.26%(A375R),98.15%vs.81.63%vs.98.49%[SK-MEL-5R];apoptosis rates:13.81%vs.32.00%vs.12.16[A375R],29.70%vs.41.40%vs.26.10%[SK-MEL-5R];F=13.56,12.86,38.81,and Conclusion:SOX4 mediates BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma through regulation of IGF-1R signaling.SOX4 might serve as a potential target for the treatment of BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma.39.85,respectively;all P<0.01).
