The effects of different complex shear stress conditions on grain refinement and texture evolution of Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy were investigated.With increasing strain rate,the average grain size of compression-shea...The effects of different complex shear stress conditions on grain refinement and texture evolution of Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy were investigated.With increasing strain rate,the average grain size of compression-shear(CS)and compression-torsion(CT)samples are decreased,and the grain size of dynamic recrystallization(DRX)grains is also decreased.This is because that the precipitation number ofβphases is increased,and the hindering effect on grain growth can be significantly enhanced.The DRX fractions of CS and CT samples are decreased with increased strain rate.The low DRX fraction at high strain rate is related to the insufficient time for grains to nucleate.The DRX process can be promoted by the PSN mechanism of second phases,and the grain growth can be restricted by the pinning effect.At the same time,the texture strength is enhanced as the strain rate increased.Besides,the kinking degree of lamellar long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases is increased.Under complex shear stress conditions,non-basal slip,especially pyramidal slip,is easily activated and the texture is deflected greatly.Compared with the CS samples,CT samples have smaller average grain size,higher DRX fraction,and lower texture strength for a certain strain rate.This is because that the equivalent stress of the CT sample is larger,the stress triaxiality is smaller,so more serious dislocations are piled up near grain boundaries and second phases.At the same time,since CT sample was sheared with torsion,the dislocation movement path can be called“rotational dislocation accumulation”,and the longer distribution path of the CT sample is generated,so more sub-grains and low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs)are formed.Compared with the CS sample,more huge-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs)and DRX grains are formed from grain boundary to grain interior,so better grain refinement effect is achieved.展开更多
Circular RNAs(circRNAs)regulate gene expression and participate in various biological and pathological processes.However,little is known about the effects of specific circRNAs on T helper cell 17(Th17)differentiation ...Circular RNAs(circRNAs)regulate gene expression and participate in various biological and pathological processes.However,little is known about the effects of specific circRNAs on T helper cell 17(Th17)differentiation and related autoimmune diseases,such as multiple sclerosis(MS).Here,using transcriptome microarray analysis at different stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),we identified the EAE progression-related circINPP4B,which showed upregulated expression in Th17 cells from mice with EAE and during Th17 differentiation in vitro.Silencing of circINPP4B inhibited Th17 differentiation and alleviated EAE,characterized by less demyelination and Th17 infiltration in the spinal cord.Mechanistically,circINPP4B served as a sponge that directly targeted miR-30a to regulate Th17 differentiation.Furthermore,circINPP4B levels were associated with the developing phases of clinical relapsing-remitting MS patients.Our results indicate that circINPP4B plays an important role in promoting Th17 differentiation and progression of EAE by targeting miR-30a,which provides a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for Th17-mediated MS.展开更多
Recently,there has been growing interest in the specific role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation-related degenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),amyotrophi...Recently,there has been growing interest in the specific role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation-related degenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and multiple sclerosis(MS)[1].The Th17-mediated autoimmune response is a key determinant of these pathological outcomes.Interleukin-17(IL-17),the most important cytokine of activated Th17 cells,is considered a pivotal agent of autoimmunity because of its proinflammatory effect and migration-promoting ability.Although the specific mechanism of Th17/IL-17 is still controversial,exploring the molecular pathways of Th17/IL-17 in neurodegeneration will facilitate the identification of suitable targets to modulate these cellular processes.Th17 differentiation is directed by lineage-specific transcription factors,including RORγt and RORα,and is controlled by the coordinated activity of a series of positive and negative regulators,as well as additional signals from different cytokines to maintain and stabilize the proinflammatory features of Th17 cells[2,3].展开更多
Interleukin 27(IL-27),a heterodimeric cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced 3 and p28,is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro-and anti-inflammatory properties.However,the precise role of IL-27 in acute graft...Interleukin 27(IL-27),a heterodimeric cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced 3 and p28,is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro-and anti-inflammatory properties.However,the precise role of IL-27 in acute graft-versus-host disease is not yet fully understood.In this study,utilizing mice with IL-27 p28 deficiency in dendritic cells(DCs),we demonstrated that IL-27 p28 deficiency resulted in impaired Treg cell function and enhanced effector T cell responses,corresponding to aggravated aGVHD in mice.In addition,using single-cell RNA sequencing,we found that loss of IL-27 p28 impaired Treg cell generation and promoted IL1R2^(+)TIGIT^(+)pathogenic CD4+T cells in the thymus at a steady state.Mechanistically,IL-27 p28 deficiency promoted STAT1 phosphorylation and Th1 cell responses,leading to the inhibition of Treg cell differentiation and function.Finally,patients with high levels of IL-27 p28 in serum showed a substantially decreased occurrence of grade II-IV aGVHD and more favorable overall survival than those with low levels of IL-27 p28.Thus,our results suggest a protective role of DC-derived IL-27 p28 in the pathogenesis of aGVHD through modulation of the Treg/Teff cell balance during thymic development.IL-27 p28 may be a valuable marker for predicting aGVHD development after transplantation in humans.展开更多
Condensation on greenhouse interior surfaces plays an important role in reducing indoor air humidity.There is no standard method to measure condensation rate in greenhouses or in any other buildings.In this study,a co...Condensation on greenhouse interior surfaces plays an important role in reducing indoor air humidity.There is no standard method to measure condensation rate in greenhouses or in any other buildings.In this study,a commercially available leaf wetness sensor was calibrated in an environment chamber under different room temperature and RH conditions,which included five temperatures of 18,20,22,24,and 26℃,and five RH levels of 40,55,65,75,and 85%.The sensor surface temperature was maintained the same as the room temperature.Room temperature water was sprayed on the sensor surface,simulating condensate.The voltage output of the sensor changed due to varying amounts of condensate on the sensor surface.The amount of condensate on the sensor surface was divided into five groups from 0 to 0.5 g(or 0-0.015 g per square centimeter of sensor surface area)with an interval of 0.1 g.The statistical analysis showed that both sensor temperature and indoor RH had no significant effect on the sensor voltage output.The voltage output was solely determined by the amount of condensate mass on the sensor surface.A linear regression model was developed between the voltage output and the amount of condensate.This tool is considered as a breakthrough of technology for condensation rate measurement on greenhouse interiors surface,or on any other surfaces with condensation.Anyone can use this sensor and the development relationship for measuring condensation rate as the sensor is not pricy and the method is easy to use,thus the method should be widely used as a standard method.展开更多
Increasingly infectious diseases from microbial pathogens(including bacteria and fungi)threaten human health:a situation that has aroused public health concern around the world.Unfortunately,broad-spectrum antimicrobi...Increasingly infectious diseases from microbial pathogens(including bacteria and fungi)threaten human health:a situation that has aroused public health concern around the world.Unfortunately,broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents for treatment resistance pathogens and molecular research on their antimicrobial mechanisms are still scarce.Thus,the development of smart agents against microbial infection for surmounting the above dilemmas is an urgent task.In this contribution,we have tactfully designed a family of flexible aggregation-induced emission luminogens(AIEgens)with various alkyl chain lengths and successfully optimized a cationic AIEgen TPA-S-C6-NMe_(3)^(+)based on the molecular relay strategy for killing both bacteria and fungi in vitro with desired results under white light irradiation,superior to traditional commercial photosensitizers including methylene blue,chlorin e6,and protoporphyrin IX.The cationic AIEgen TPA-S-C6-NMe_(3)^(+)was bound to microbial pathogens via electrostatic and hydrophobic forces and exerted antimicrobial efficacy due to the synergistic effect of alkyl chain length,reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation capability,and two positive charges.Remarkably,AIEgen TPA-S-C6-NMe_(3)^(+)also exhibited a striking antimicrobial activity in vivo,and promoted the generation of new blood vessels and fibroblasts in bacteria-infected tissues,which was beneficial for wound healing in mice.Overall,we expect that our work could provide a powerful tool against microbial pathogens to avoid infections and to promote tissues regeneration in clinical practice.展开更多
Activity-based approaches for designing AIEgens possess prominent advantages including high selectivity,sensitivity,and signal-to-noise ratio,and they have received more attention in recent years.Excellent activatable...Activity-based approaches for designing AIEgens possess prominent advantages including high selectivity,sensitivity,and signal-to-noise ratio,and they have received more attention in recent years.Excellent activatable AIE probes have been reported for detecting toxic substances,imaging intracellular active molecules/biomolecules,as well as monitoring the activity of overexpressed enzymes in cancers.Moreover,the majority of activatable theranostic AIEgens can be specifically triggered in cancer cells and can kill these cells under light irradiation,while they have no distinct effect on normal cells,demonstrating satisfactory therapeutic selectivity that is superior to that of traditional chemotherapy.Thus,in this review,we systematically summarized the development of activatable AIE bioprobes in recent years from molecular design principles to biological applications.The challenges of activatable AIE probes and the corresponding solutions are described.We hope that the information provided in this review will facilitate the design of more activatable AIE probes to promote practical application of corresponding AIEgens.展开更多
基金supported by Project supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A20230)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.201901D111176)+2 种基金Project supported by the Key R&D program of Shanxi Province(No.2020XXX015)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2021-127)Graduate Education Innovation Program of Shanxi Province(2022Y579).
文摘The effects of different complex shear stress conditions on grain refinement and texture evolution of Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy were investigated.With increasing strain rate,the average grain size of compression-shear(CS)and compression-torsion(CT)samples are decreased,and the grain size of dynamic recrystallization(DRX)grains is also decreased.This is because that the precipitation number ofβphases is increased,and the hindering effect on grain growth can be significantly enhanced.The DRX fractions of CS and CT samples are decreased with increased strain rate.The low DRX fraction at high strain rate is related to the insufficient time for grains to nucleate.The DRX process can be promoted by the PSN mechanism of second phases,and the grain growth can be restricted by the pinning effect.At the same time,the texture strength is enhanced as the strain rate increased.Besides,the kinking degree of lamellar long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases is increased.Under complex shear stress conditions,non-basal slip,especially pyramidal slip,is easily activated and the texture is deflected greatly.Compared with the CS samples,CT samples have smaller average grain size,higher DRX fraction,and lower texture strength for a certain strain rate.This is because that the equivalent stress of the CT sample is larger,the stress triaxiality is smaller,so more serious dislocations are piled up near grain boundaries and second phases.At the same time,since CT sample was sheared with torsion,the dislocation movement path can be called“rotational dislocation accumulation”,and the longer distribution path of the CT sample is generated,so more sub-grains and low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs)are formed.Compared with the CS sample,more huge-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs)and DRX grains are formed from grain boundary to grain interior,so better grain refinement effect is achieved.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81771337,81271345)The National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0104202)+3 种基金The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20161174)the 333 Project of Jiangsu ProvinceThe Xuzhou Basic Research Science and Technology Project(KC19059)Xuzhou Medical University Scientific Research Fund for Talents.
文摘Circular RNAs(circRNAs)regulate gene expression and participate in various biological and pathological processes.However,little is known about the effects of specific circRNAs on T helper cell 17(Th17)differentiation and related autoimmune diseases,such as multiple sclerosis(MS).Here,using transcriptome microarray analysis at different stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),we identified the EAE progression-related circINPP4B,which showed upregulated expression in Th17 cells from mice with EAE and during Th17 differentiation in vitro.Silencing of circINPP4B inhibited Th17 differentiation and alleviated EAE,characterized by less demyelination and Th17 infiltration in the spinal cord.Mechanistically,circINPP4B served as a sponge that directly targeted miR-30a to regulate Th17 differentiation.Furthermore,circINPP4B levels were associated with the developing phases of clinical relapsing-remitting MS patients.Our results indicate that circINPP4B plays an important role in promoting Th17 differentiation and progression of EAE by targeting miR-30a,which provides a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for Th17-mediated MS.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81302519)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20130221)333 Project of Jiangsu Province,Scientific Research Funds of Xuzhou Medical University and Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine.
文摘Recently,there has been growing interest in the specific role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation-related degenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and multiple sclerosis(MS)[1].The Th17-mediated autoimmune response is a key determinant of these pathological outcomes.Interleukin-17(IL-17),the most important cytokine of activated Th17 cells,is considered a pivotal agent of autoimmunity because of its proinflammatory effect and migration-promoting ability.Although the specific mechanism of Th17/IL-17 is still controversial,exploring the molecular pathways of Th17/IL-17 in neurodegeneration will facilitate the identification of suitable targets to modulate these cellular processes.Th17 differentiation is directed by lineage-specific transcription factors,including RORγt and RORα,and is controlled by the coordinated activity of a series of positive and negative regulators,as well as additional signals from different cytokines to maintain and stabilize the proinflammatory features of Th17 cells[2,3].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81730003,81700173,81974001,82170222,and 81900180)National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX09304021)+9 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC0840604 and 2017YFA0104502)Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2019798)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),Jiangsu Medical Outstanding Talents Project(JCRCA2016002)Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Center(YXZXA2016002)the Jiangsu“333”Talent Project(BRA2015497)the Jiangsu Social Development Program(BE2018651)the Jiangsu Summit Six Top Talent Person project,Jiangsu Medical Junior Talent Person award(QNRC2016707)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220246),Suzhou Science and Technology Program Project(SLT201911)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(20KJD320001)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2022JQ-800).
文摘Interleukin 27(IL-27),a heterodimeric cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced 3 and p28,is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro-and anti-inflammatory properties.However,the precise role of IL-27 in acute graft-versus-host disease is not yet fully understood.In this study,utilizing mice with IL-27 p28 deficiency in dendritic cells(DCs),we demonstrated that IL-27 p28 deficiency resulted in impaired Treg cell function and enhanced effector T cell responses,corresponding to aggravated aGVHD in mice.In addition,using single-cell RNA sequencing,we found that loss of IL-27 p28 impaired Treg cell generation and promoted IL1R2^(+)TIGIT^(+)pathogenic CD4+T cells in the thymus at a steady state.Mechanistically,IL-27 p28 deficiency promoted STAT1 phosphorylation and Th1 cell responses,leading to the inhibition of Treg cell differentiation and function.Finally,patients with high levels of IL-27 p28 in serum showed a substantially decreased occurrence of grade II-IV aGVHD and more favorable overall survival than those with low levels of IL-27 p28.Thus,our results suggest a protective role of DC-derived IL-27 p28 in the pathogenesis of aGVHD through modulation of the Treg/Teff cell balance during thymic development.IL-27 p28 may be a valuable marker for predicting aGVHD development after transplantation in humans.
基金the Saskatchewan Agricultural Development Fund(ADF Project No:20100152)for financial support.
文摘Condensation on greenhouse interior surfaces plays an important role in reducing indoor air humidity.There is no standard method to measure condensation rate in greenhouses or in any other buildings.In this study,a commercially available leaf wetness sensor was calibrated in an environment chamber under different room temperature and RH conditions,which included five temperatures of 18,20,22,24,and 26℃,and five RH levels of 40,55,65,75,and 85%.The sensor surface temperature was maintained the same as the room temperature.Room temperature water was sprayed on the sensor surface,simulating condensate.The voltage output of the sensor changed due to varying amounts of condensate on the sensor surface.The amount of condensate on the sensor surface was divided into five groups from 0 to 0.5 g(or 0-0.015 g per square centimeter of sensor surface area)with an interval of 0.1 g.The statistical analysis showed that both sensor temperature and indoor RH had no significant effect on the sensor voltage output.The voltage output was solely determined by the amount of condensate mass on the sensor surface.A linear regression model was developed between the voltage output and the amount of condensate.This tool is considered as a breakthrough of technology for condensation rate measurement on greenhouse interiors surface,or on any other surfaces with condensation.Anyone can use this sensor and the development relationship for measuring condensation rate as the sensor is not pricy and the method is easy to use,thus the method should be widely used as a standard method.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korean government(MSIP)(no.2012R1A3A2048814 for J.Y.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.21878041 and 22078050 for J.W.).
文摘Increasingly infectious diseases from microbial pathogens(including bacteria and fungi)threaten human health:a situation that has aroused public health concern around the world.Unfortunately,broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents for treatment resistance pathogens and molecular research on their antimicrobial mechanisms are still scarce.Thus,the development of smart agents against microbial infection for surmounting the above dilemmas is an urgent task.In this contribution,we have tactfully designed a family of flexible aggregation-induced emission luminogens(AIEgens)with various alkyl chain lengths and successfully optimized a cationic AIEgen TPA-S-C6-NMe_(3)^(+)based on the molecular relay strategy for killing both bacteria and fungi in vitro with desired results under white light irradiation,superior to traditional commercial photosensitizers including methylene blue,chlorin e6,and protoporphyrin IX.The cationic AIEgen TPA-S-C6-NMe_(3)^(+)was bound to microbial pathogens via electrostatic and hydrophobic forces and exerted antimicrobial efficacy due to the synergistic effect of alkyl chain length,reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation capability,and two positive charges.Remarkably,AIEgen TPA-S-C6-NMe_(3)^(+)also exhibited a striking antimicrobial activity in vivo,and promoted the generation of new blood vessels and fibroblasts in bacteria-infected tissues,which was beneficial for wound healing in mice.Overall,we expect that our work could provide a powerful tool against microbial pathogens to avoid infections and to promote tissues regeneration in clinical practice.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea,Grant/Award Number:2012R1A3A2048814National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22090011。
文摘Activity-based approaches for designing AIEgens possess prominent advantages including high selectivity,sensitivity,and signal-to-noise ratio,and they have received more attention in recent years.Excellent activatable AIE probes have been reported for detecting toxic substances,imaging intracellular active molecules/biomolecules,as well as monitoring the activity of overexpressed enzymes in cancers.Moreover,the majority of activatable theranostic AIEgens can be specifically triggered in cancer cells and can kill these cells under light irradiation,while they have no distinct effect on normal cells,demonstrating satisfactory therapeutic selectivity that is superior to that of traditional chemotherapy.Thus,in this review,we systematically summarized the development of activatable AIE bioprobes in recent years from molecular design principles to biological applications.The challenges of activatable AIE probes and the corresponding solutions are described.We hope that the information provided in this review will facilitate the design of more activatable AIE probes to promote practical application of corresponding AIEgens.
