The reversibility of lithium(Li) metal anodes is highly susceptible to temperature,owing to the aggravated side reactions at high temperatures and serious Li dendrite growth at low temperatures.Thus it is extremely ch...The reversibility of lithium(Li) metal anodes is highly susceptible to temperature,owing to the aggravated side reactions at high temperatures and serious Li dendrite growth at low temperatures.Thus it is extremely challenging to simultaneously realize the high Li reversibility in both low and high temperature scenarios.Herein,an oxygen-free solvent(n-hexane,HEX) assisted with the hexyl methyl ether and 1 mol L^(-1)lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide is proposed to constitute an electrolyte for temperatureimmune lithium metal batteries.It demonstrates that the HEX not only greatly suppresses the solvent reduction even at high temperatures but also weaken the Li~+-solvent interaction for the facile Li-ion desolvation,leading to high Li Coulombic efficiencies(99.59% at 25℃,99.30%at 60℃ and 98.75% at -30℃) and the dendrite-free Li plating from -30℃ to 60℃.Benefitting from the low density and temperature-immune properties of our electrolyte,the sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(3.8mAh cm^(-2))||Li(60 μm) pouch-cells deliver 278 Wh kg^(-1)energy density and maintain the stable performance over 50 cycles,and retain 248 and 320 Wh kg^(-1) energy density at -30℃ and 60℃,respectively.This work provides a new perspective on the electrolyte design for wide-temperature Li metal batteries.展开更多
Background and objective Moyamoya disease(MMD)is an increasingly recognised cause of stroke,mainly described in East Asia.China is the largest nation in Asia,but few studies reported the epidemiology of MMD,especially...Background and objective Moyamoya disease(MMD)is an increasingly recognised cause of stroke,mainly described in East Asia.China is the largest nation in Asia,but few studies reported the epidemiology of MMD,especially at a national level.We aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of MMD in China.Methods We performed a population-based study using data from the national databases of Urban Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2016,covering approximately 0.50 billion individuals.MMD cases were identified by diagnostic code(International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision I67.5)or related diagnostic text.Results A total of 1987 MMD patients(mean age 44.45±14.30 years,female-to male ratio 1.12)were identified,representing a national crude incidence of 0.59(95%CI:0.49 to 0.68)and a prevalence of 1.01(95%CI:0.81 to 1.21)per 100000 person-years in 2016.Rates were higher in females than in males for the incidence(0.66 vs 0.52)and prevalence(1.05 vs 0.90).And the age-specific rates showed a bimodal distribution,with the highest peak in middle-aged group and the second peak in child group.Conclusions Our results confirm that MMD is relatively common in East Asians,but the rates in China were lower than those in other East Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.The unique epidemiological features,including a relatively weak female predominance and a shift in the highest peak of incidence from children to adults,revealed new sight into MMD.Further research is expected to explore the potential pathogenesis of MMD.展开更多
基金supported by CAS Youth Interdisciplinary TeamChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M703318, 2022T150671)。
文摘The reversibility of lithium(Li) metal anodes is highly susceptible to temperature,owing to the aggravated side reactions at high temperatures and serious Li dendrite growth at low temperatures.Thus it is extremely challenging to simultaneously realize the high Li reversibility in both low and high temperature scenarios.Herein,an oxygen-free solvent(n-hexane,HEX) assisted with the hexyl methyl ether and 1 mol L^(-1)lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide is proposed to constitute an electrolyte for temperatureimmune lithium metal batteries.It demonstrates that the HEX not only greatly suppresses the solvent reduction even at high temperatures but also weaken the Li~+-solvent interaction for the facile Li-ion desolvation,leading to high Li Coulombic efficiencies(99.59% at 25℃,99.30%at 60℃ and 98.75% at -30℃) and the dendrite-free Li plating from -30℃ to 60℃.Benefitting from the low density and temperature-immune properties of our electrolyte,the sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(3.8mAh cm^(-2))||Li(60 μm) pouch-cells deliver 278 Wh kg^(-1)energy density and maintain the stable performance over 50 cycles,and retain 248 and 320 Wh kg^(-1) energy density at -30℃ and 60℃,respectively.This work provides a new perspective on the electrolyte design for wide-temperature Li metal batteries.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 91646107,81973146 and 81502884)Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary Research:The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BMU2020MX017).
文摘Background and objective Moyamoya disease(MMD)is an increasingly recognised cause of stroke,mainly described in East Asia.China is the largest nation in Asia,but few studies reported the epidemiology of MMD,especially at a national level.We aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of MMD in China.Methods We performed a population-based study using data from the national databases of Urban Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2016,covering approximately 0.50 billion individuals.MMD cases were identified by diagnostic code(International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision I67.5)or related diagnostic text.Results A total of 1987 MMD patients(mean age 44.45±14.30 years,female-to male ratio 1.12)were identified,representing a national crude incidence of 0.59(95%CI:0.49 to 0.68)and a prevalence of 1.01(95%CI:0.81 to 1.21)per 100000 person-years in 2016.Rates were higher in females than in males for the incidence(0.66 vs 0.52)and prevalence(1.05 vs 0.90).And the age-specific rates showed a bimodal distribution,with the highest peak in middle-aged group and the second peak in child group.Conclusions Our results confirm that MMD is relatively common in East Asians,but the rates in China were lower than those in other East Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.The unique epidemiological features,including a relatively weak female predominance and a shift in the highest peak of incidence from children to adults,revealed new sight into MMD.Further research is expected to explore the potential pathogenesis of MMD.
