Aim: To explore the effect of a WeChat peer education program in children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Patients who had severe viral meni...Aim: To explore the effect of a WeChat peer education program in children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Patients who had severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure, were admitted to the hospital from March 2017 to June 2018, and who received the WeChat-based nursing intervention were included. Patients who received routine nursing were used as controls. The family’s emotional state, self-care ability, and rehabilitation were analyzed. Results: There were 37 patients in the WeChat group (19 boys (51.3%) and 18 girls (48.7%);mean of 5.1 ± 2.4 years of age) and 37 controls (20 boys (54.1%) and 17 girls (45.9%);mean of 5.9 ± 2.4 years of age) (all P > 0.05). After nursing, improvements in the self-assessed anxiety score and self-assessed depression score were better in the WeChat group (anxiety: -29.2% vs. -20.3%, P = 0.015;depression: -25.2% vs. -15.4%, P = 0.009). After nursing, the improvements in the condition management ability scale and condition management difficulty scale scores were better in the WeChat group (ability: +80.5% vs. +44.4%. P = 0.001;difficulty: +58.4% vs. +37.8%, P = 0.003). After nursing, the improvement in the Fugl-Meyer score was better in the WeChat group (+138.0% vs. +53.0%, P Conclusion: Early nursing intervention combined with WeChat peer education can improve the emotional state of children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure and their caregivers. Impact: Viral meningitis is associated with a good prognosis, but central nervous system complications can be observed. Early intervention is the key to a good prognosis. Internet-based nursing and coaching can improve self-efficacy and care ability in patients with various conditions, as well as improve the emotional state of the children and their caregivers. The research might have an impact on any children’s hospital that deals with viral meningitis.展开更多
As a kind of high-efficiency explosive with compound destructive capability, the energy output law of thermobaric explosives has been receiving great attention. In order to investigate the effects of main components o...As a kind of high-efficiency explosive with compound destructive capability, the energy output law of thermobaric explosives has been receiving great attention. In order to investigate the effects of main components on the explosive characteristics of thermobaric explosives, various high explosives and oxidants were selected to formulate five different types of thermobaric explosive. Then they were tested in both open space and closed space respectively. Pressure measurement system, high-speed camera,infrared thermal imager and multispectral temperature measurement system were used for pressure,temperature and fireball recording. The effects of different components on the explosive characteristics of thermobaric explosive were analyzed. The results showed that in open space, the overpressure is dominated by the high explosives content in the formulation. The addition of the oxidants will decrease the explosion overpressure but will increase the duration and overall brightness of the fireball. While in closed space, the quasi-static pressure formed after the explosion is positively correlated with the temperature and gas production. In addition, it was found that the differences in shell constraints can also alter the afterburning reaction of thermobaric explosives, thus affecting their energy output characteristics. PVC shell constraint obviously increases the overpressure and makes the fireball burn more violently.展开更多
A series of Co-imbedded zeolite-based catalysts were synthesized following a facile solvent-free grinding route.The catalytic performance for direct syngas conversion to gasoline range hydrocarbons was compared with t...A series of Co-imbedded zeolite-based catalysts were synthesized following a facile solvent-free grinding route.The catalytic performance for direct syngas conversion to gasoline range hydrocarbons was compared with their counterpart Co-impregnated zeolite-based catalysts.Successful transformation of solid raw materials to targeted zeolite was confirmed by XRD,SEM,STEM,and N2 physisorption analysis.An in-depth study of acidic strength and acidic site distribution was conducted by NH3-TPD and Py-IR spectroscopy.Acidic strength showed a pivotal role in defining product range.Co@S1,with the weakest acidic strength of silicalite-1 among three types of zeolites,evaded over-cracking of product and exhibited the highest gasoline and isoparaffin selectivity(≈70%and 30.7%,respectively).Moreover,the solvent-free raw material grinding route for zeolite synthesis accompanies several advantages like the elimination of production of wastewater,high product yield within confined crystallization space,and elimination of safety concerns regarding high pressure due to the absence of the solvent.Facileness and easiness of the solvent-free synthesis route together with promising catalytic performance strongly support its application on the industrial scale.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the percutaneous penetration enhancement effect of essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.(Z.bungeanum oil)on active components in externally-applied traditional Chinese medicines.Meth...Objective:To investigate the percutaneous penetration enhancement effect of essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.(Z.bungeanum oil)on active components in externally-applied traditional Chinese medicines.Methods:Five model drugs,geniposide,puerarin,ferulic acid,tetramethylpyrazine,and osthole,were chosen based on their lipophilicity and tested using in vitro transdermal permeation studies consisting of Franz diffusion cells and full thickness rat abdominal skin.Scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the morphological changes of rat skin tissue after treatment with Z.bungeanum oil.The molecular interactions between the oil and the polar head groups in stratum corneum(SC)lipids were monitored using molecular dynamic simulation,and the SC/vehicle partition coefficients and saturation solubilities of the selected model drugs treated with and without the oil were also determined to ascertain its mechanisms of action.Results:As oil concentration increased,the log ERflow trended toward a negative linear relationship with the lipophilicity of drugs.After treatment with Z.bungeanum oil,a mild lifting up and wrinkle on the SC surface were observed,and appeared to become more pronounced as oil concentration increased.There was no significant difference between the control and the Z.bungeanum oil at different concentrations in terms of saturation solubility of GP,while saturation solubilities of the 4 other drugs gradually increased as oil concentration increased.The oxygen-containing constituents in Z.bungeanum oil,such as terpinen-4-ol and 1,8-cineole,which accounted for 57.95%of total oil,could form stable hydrogen bonds with the polar head group of ceramide 3.Conclusion:Z.bungeanum oil facilitated transdermal permeation of drugs with different lipophilicity,including the extremely hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs,whereas it exhibited greater enhancement activity for strongly hydrophilic drugs.The mechanisms of transdermal permeation enhancement by the oil could be explained with SC/vehicle partition coefficient,saturation solubility,and the interactions with SC lipids.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the percutaneous penetration effect of essential oil of mint from Mentha haplocalyx Briq.on the complex active components in Chinese herbal external preparations,and assess its toxicity on the...Objective:To investigate the percutaneous penetration effect of essential oil of mint from Mentha haplocalyx Briq.on the complex active components in Chinese herbal external preparations,and assess its toxicity on the skin cells.Methods:The cytotoxicity of mint oil on HaCaT keratinocytes and CCC-ESF-1 fibroblasts was measured using an MTT assay.Five model drugs with a wide range of lipophilicity,namely osthole,tetramethylpyrazine,ferulic acid,puerarin,and geniposide,were tested using in vitro permeation studies to investigate the percutaneous penetration enhancement effect of mint oil.Secondary structure alterations of skin stratum corneum(SC)were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).Saturation solubilities and SC/vehicle partition coefficients of the five model drugs with and without mint oil were also determined to understand the potential mechanisms of the essential oil.Results:Half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)values of mint oil were significantly higher in HaCaT and CCC-ESF-1 cell lines than values in the well-established and standard penetration enhancer Azone.Conclusions:Mint oil at proper concentration could effectively facilitate percutaneous penetration of both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs,and exhibit higher efficiency for moderate hydrophilic drugs.Mechanisms of penetration enhancement by mint oil could be explained with saturation solubility,SC/vehicle partition coefficient and the secondary structure change of SC.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of glucocorticoid treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who have undergone transcatheter arterial chemoem...Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of glucocorticoid treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who have undergone transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 198 patients with HCC who were admitted to The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from June 2014 to August 2019 and underwent TACE therapy.The patients were divided into glucocorticoid(GCC)treatment group and control group.Standard liver-protecting procedures were used in both groups.The treatment group also received intravenous injections of methylprednisolone sodium succinate for 3–5 days.Reduction in bilirubin concentration,mean duration of hospitalization,and complications were compared between the two groups to investigate the safety and efficacy of GCCs for treatment of hyperbilirubinemia after TACE treatment.Results Bilirubin concentrations were significantly lower in the treatment group than in control group on days 3 and 5 after GCC/conventional liver-protecting treatment(P<0.05).The treatment group had significantly shorter durations of total post-surgery hospitalization,and recovery time than the control group(14.5±4.6 days vs.17.5±6.6 days,P<0.001;9.2±3.3 days vs.11.8±5.4 days,P=0.001;7.0±3.3 days vs.9.3±4.6 days,P<0.001).No GCC-associated complications were detected in the treatment group.Conclusion Short-term use of GCCs to treat hyperbilirubinemia in patients with HCC who have undergone TACE is safe and associated with rapid decline in bilirubin concentration and shorter hospital stay compared with patients who did not receive GCCs.展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of a combined therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and FOLFOX4,in patients with unresectable advanced hepatocellular carc...Objective The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of a combined therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and FOLFOX4,in patients with unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods In this study,patients with advanced HCC,that received treatment between November 2015 and October 2017,were recruited.Among these,30 patients were treated with TACE only(TACE group);whereas 33 patients were treated with a combination of FOLFOX4 chemotherapy and TACE(combination group).Survival analyses,including overall survival(OS)and progression free survival(PFS)analysis,were performed for both groups.Following this,the responses of patients to treatment were evaluated every 3 months,and the toxic and adverse events were observed.Results The median follow-up time was 9.2 months(3-36 months).In the combination group,at 3 months,a disease control rate(DCR)of 60.6%,and a median OS of 9.1 months was obtained[95%confidence interval(CI)6.5-11.7].In the TACE group,the DCR and OS were 33.3%and 5.5 months(95%CI 4.3-6.7),respectively.On the other hand,the PFS in the combination and TACE groups were observed as 5.6 months(95%CI 3.6-7.6)and 2.6 months(95%CI 2.0-3.2),respectively.Both these findings indicate a statistically significant difference(P=0.01)between both the groups.Similar TACE associated adverse events were observed in both groups.In the combination group,frequently observed FOLFOX4 related adverse effects included nausea(90.9%),leukopenia(75.8%),thrombocytopenia(69.7%),and vomiting(69.7%).Most adverse reactions were between grades I-III and were alleviated after symptomatic treatments.Conclusion The combination of TACE with FOLFOX4 therapy has better effectivity and safety than TACE alone.展开更多
Objective: To elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) by which methyl salicylate enhances the skin delivery of herbal ingredients with diverse lipophilicity.Methods: The toxicity of methyl salicylate on skin cell lines w...Objective: To elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) by which methyl salicylate enhances the skin delivery of herbal ingredients with diverse lipophilicity.Methods: The toxicity of methyl salicylate on skin cell lines was evaluated using the MTT assay. The Franz diffusion cell method was used to measure the permeability enhancing activities of methyl salicylate for five herbal ingredients with a range of lipophilicities. The interaction between methyl salicylate and the stratum corneum(SC) was observed by using an infrared spectroscopy technique. Moreover, the solubilities and SC-vehicle partition coefficient were determined to monitor the impact of methyl salicylate on the drug thermodynamic activities and partition into the SC layer, respectively.Results: Compared with azone(1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one), methyl salicylate showed lower toxicity to skin cells in terms of the IC50 values. The in vitro skin permeation studies showed that methyl salicylate could greatly improve the cumulative amounts or steady state flux of the selected model drugs with the exception of osthole, which indicated that methyl salicylate was prone to promote the skin delivery of hydrophilic drugs. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that methyl salicylate mainly interacted with SC lipids, leading to the disruption of the orderly arrangement of the SC.In addition, methyl salicylate had no obvious effect on the drug thermodynamic activity and partition into the SC.Conclusion: Methyl salicylate could effectively promote the skin delivery of relatively hydrophilic ingredients in externally used traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) without obvious cytotoxicity.展开更多
Nuclear facilities have a regulatory requirement to measure radiation levels within Post Operational Clean Out(POCO)around nuclear facilities each year,resulting in a trend towards robotic deployments to gain an impro...Nuclear facilities have a regulatory requirement to measure radiation levels within Post Operational Clean Out(POCO)around nuclear facilities each year,resulting in a trend towards robotic deployments to gain an improved understanding during nuclear decommissioning phases.The UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority supports the view that human-in-the-loop(HITL)robotic deployments are a solution to improve procedures and reduce risks within radiation characterisation of nuclear sites.The authors present a novel implementation of a Cyber-Physical System(CPS)deployed in an analogue nuclear environment,comprised of a multi-robot(MR)team coordinated by a HITL operator through a digital twin interface.The development of the CPS created efficient partnerships across systems including robots,digital systems and human.This was presented as a multi-staged mission within an inspection scenario for the hetero-geneous Symbiotic Multi-Robot Fleet(SMuRF).Symbiotic interactions were achieved across the SMuRF where robots utilised automated collaborative governance to work together,where a single robot would face challenges in full characterisation of radiation.Key contributions include the demonstration of symbiotic autonomy and query-based learning of an autonomous mission supporting scalable autonomy and autonomy as a service.The coordination of the CPS was a success and displayed further challenges and improvements related to future MR fleets.展开更多
Carbon nanotube （CNT） clusters grown in situ in three-dimensional （3D） porous graphene networks （3DG-CNTs）, with integrated structure and remarkable electronic conductivity, are desirable S host materials for Li...Carbon nanotube （CNT） clusters grown in situ in three-dimensional （3D） porous graphene networks （3DG-CNTs）, with integrated structure and remarkable electronic conductivity, are desirable S host materials for Li-S batteries. 3DG-CNT exhibits a high surface area （1,645 m^2·g^-1）, superior electronic conductivity of 1,055 S·m^-1, and a 3D porous networked structure. Large clusters of CNTs anchored on the inner walls of 3D graphene networks act as capillaries, benefitting restriction of agglomeration by high contents of immersed S. Moreover, the capillary-like CNT clusters grown in situ in the pores efficiently form restricted spaces for Li polysulfides, significantly reducing the shuttling effect and promoting S utilization throughout the charge/discharge process. With an areal S mass loading of 81.6 wt.%, the 3DG-CNT/S electrode exhibits an initial specific capacity reaching 1,229 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.5 C and capacity decays of 0.044% and 0.059% per cycle at 0.5 and 1 C, respectively, over 500 cycles. The electrode material also reveals a remarkable rate performance and the large capacity of 812 mA·h·g^-1 at 3 C.展开更多
Background:Fractional CO_(2) laser plays an important role in scar management post split-thickness skin graft by loosening the graft contracture and restoring the smoothness of the surface.However,the optimal treatmen...Background:Fractional CO_(2) laser plays an important role in scar management post split-thickness skin graft by loosening the graft contracture and restoring the smoothness of the surface.However,the optimal treatment protocol remains unknown.This study applied a dual-scan protocol to achieve both releasing and ablation of contracted skin graft.We comprehensively describe this treatment method and compare the efficacy and safety between this dual-scan method and the conventional mono-scan mode.Methods:A hypercontracted scar model after split-thickness skin grafting in red Duroc pigs was established.All scars meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into four groups:high fluence–low density(HF–LD),low fluence–high density(LF–HD),combined group and control group.The energy per unit areawas similar in the HF–LD and LF–HD groups.Two laser interventions were performed at a 6-week interval.The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by objective measures of scar area,release rate,elasticity,thickness and flatness,while the safetywas evaluated based on adverse reactions and melanin index.Collagen structurewas observed histologically.The animals were followed up for a maximum of 126 days after modeling.Results:A total of 28 contracted scars were included,7 in each group.At 18 weeks postoperatively,the HF–LD and the combined groups showed significantly increased scar release rate(p=0.000)and elasticity(p=0.036)and decreased type I/III collagen ratio(p=0.002)compared with the control and LF–HD groups.In terms of flatness,the combined group was significantly better than the HF–LD group for elevations<1mm(p=0.019).No significant skin side effects,pigmentation or scar thickness changes were observed at 18 weeks.Conclusions:Dual-scan protocol could achieve superficial ablation and deep release of contracted split-thickness skin graft in a single treatment,with similar contraction release and texture improvement compared to a single deep scan.Its main advantage is to restore a smoother scar appearance.Adequate laser penetration was necessary for the release of contracted scars.展开更多
文摘Aim: To explore the effect of a WeChat peer education program in children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Patients who had severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure, were admitted to the hospital from March 2017 to June 2018, and who received the WeChat-based nursing intervention were included. Patients who received routine nursing were used as controls. The family’s emotional state, self-care ability, and rehabilitation were analyzed. Results: There were 37 patients in the WeChat group (19 boys (51.3%) and 18 girls (48.7%);mean of 5.1 ± 2.4 years of age) and 37 controls (20 boys (54.1%) and 17 girls (45.9%);mean of 5.9 ± 2.4 years of age) (all P > 0.05). After nursing, improvements in the self-assessed anxiety score and self-assessed depression score were better in the WeChat group (anxiety: -29.2% vs. -20.3%, P = 0.015;depression: -25.2% vs. -15.4%, P = 0.009). After nursing, the improvements in the condition management ability scale and condition management difficulty scale scores were better in the WeChat group (ability: +80.5% vs. +44.4%. P = 0.001;difficulty: +58.4% vs. +37.8%, P = 0.003). After nursing, the improvement in the Fugl-Meyer score was better in the WeChat group (+138.0% vs. +53.0%, P Conclusion: Early nursing intervention combined with WeChat peer education can improve the emotional state of children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure and their caregivers. Impact: Viral meningitis is associated with a good prognosis, but central nervous system complications can be observed. Early intervention is the key to a good prognosis. Internet-based nursing and coaching can improve self-efficacy and care ability in patients with various conditions, as well as improve the emotional state of the children and their caregivers. The research might have an impact on any children’s hospital that deals with viral meningitis.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12302440)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M741713)。
文摘As a kind of high-efficiency explosive with compound destructive capability, the energy output law of thermobaric explosives has been receiving great attention. In order to investigate the effects of main components on the explosive characteristics of thermobaric explosives, various high explosives and oxidants were selected to formulate five different types of thermobaric explosive. Then they were tested in both open space and closed space respectively. Pressure measurement system, high-speed camera,infrared thermal imager and multispectral temperature measurement system were used for pressure,temperature and fireball recording. The effects of different components on the explosive characteristics of thermobaric explosive were analyzed. The results showed that in open space, the overpressure is dominated by the high explosives content in the formulation. The addition of the oxidants will decrease the explosion overpressure but will increase the duration and overall brightness of the fireball. While in closed space, the quasi-static pressure formed after the explosion is positively correlated with the temperature and gas production. In addition, it was found that the differences in shell constraints can also alter the afterburning reaction of thermobaric explosives, thus affecting their energy output characteristics. PVC shell constraint obviously increases the overpressure and makes the fireball burn more violently.
基金the financial support from the Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation(LY19B060001)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(2018-K25)the Foundation of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology(2019QN18,2019QN23)~~
文摘A series of Co-imbedded zeolite-based catalysts were synthesized following a facile solvent-free grinding route.The catalytic performance for direct syngas conversion to gasoline range hydrocarbons was compared with their counterpart Co-impregnated zeolite-based catalysts.Successful transformation of solid raw materials to targeted zeolite was confirmed by XRD,SEM,STEM,and N2 physisorption analysis.An in-depth study of acidic strength and acidic site distribution was conducted by NH3-TPD and Py-IR spectroscopy.Acidic strength showed a pivotal role in defining product range.Co@S1,with the weakest acidic strength of silicalite-1 among three types of zeolites,evaded over-cracking of product and exhibited the highest gasoline and isoparaffin selectivity(≈70%and 30.7%,respectively).Moreover,the solvent-free raw material grinding route for zeolite synthesis accompanies several advantages like the elimination of production of wastewater,high product yield within confined crystallization space,and elimination of safety concerns regarding high pressure due to the absence of the solvent.Facileness and easiness of the solvent-free synthesis route together with promising catalytic performance strongly support its application on the industrial scale.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473365)Postgraduate Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.2016-JYB-XS095)The authors also thank the Innovative Research Team of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.2011-CXTD-13)for its financial support.
文摘Objective:To investigate the percutaneous penetration enhancement effect of essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.(Z.bungeanum oil)on active components in externally-applied traditional Chinese medicines.Methods:Five model drugs,geniposide,puerarin,ferulic acid,tetramethylpyrazine,and osthole,were chosen based on their lipophilicity and tested using in vitro transdermal permeation studies consisting of Franz diffusion cells and full thickness rat abdominal skin.Scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the morphological changes of rat skin tissue after treatment with Z.bungeanum oil.The molecular interactions between the oil and the polar head groups in stratum corneum(SC)lipids were monitored using molecular dynamic simulation,and the SC/vehicle partition coefficients and saturation solubilities of the selected model drugs treated with and without the oil were also determined to ascertain its mechanisms of action.Results:As oil concentration increased,the log ERflow trended toward a negative linear relationship with the lipophilicity of drugs.After treatment with Z.bungeanum oil,a mild lifting up and wrinkle on the SC surface were observed,and appeared to become more pronounced as oil concentration increased.There was no significant difference between the control and the Z.bungeanum oil at different concentrations in terms of saturation solubility of GP,while saturation solubilities of the 4 other drugs gradually increased as oil concentration increased.The oxygen-containing constituents in Z.bungeanum oil,such as terpinen-4-ol and 1,8-cineole,which accounted for 57.95%of total oil,could form stable hydrogen bonds with the polar head group of ceramide 3.Conclusion:Z.bungeanum oil facilitated transdermal permeation of drugs with different lipophilicity,including the extremely hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs,whereas it exhibited greater enhancement activity for strongly hydrophilic drugs.The mechanisms of transdermal permeation enhancement by the oil could be explained with SC/vehicle partition coefficient,saturation solubility,and the interactions with SC lipids.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473365)the Innovative Research Team in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.2011-CXTD-13).
文摘Objective:To investigate the percutaneous penetration effect of essential oil of mint from Mentha haplocalyx Briq.on the complex active components in Chinese herbal external preparations,and assess its toxicity on the skin cells.Methods:The cytotoxicity of mint oil on HaCaT keratinocytes and CCC-ESF-1 fibroblasts was measured using an MTT assay.Five model drugs with a wide range of lipophilicity,namely osthole,tetramethylpyrazine,ferulic acid,puerarin,and geniposide,were tested using in vitro permeation studies to investigate the percutaneous penetration enhancement effect of mint oil.Secondary structure alterations of skin stratum corneum(SC)were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).Saturation solubilities and SC/vehicle partition coefficients of the five model drugs with and without mint oil were also determined to understand the potential mechanisms of the essential oil.Results:Half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)values of mint oil were significantly higher in HaCaT and CCC-ESF-1 cell lines than values in the well-established and standard penetration enhancer Azone.Conclusions:Mint oil at proper concentration could effectively facilitate percutaneous penetration of both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs,and exhibit higher efficiency for moderate hydrophilic drugs.Mechanisms of penetration enhancement by mint oil could be explained with saturation solubility,SC/vehicle partition coefficient and the secondary structure change of SC.
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of glucocorticoid treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who have undergone transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 198 patients with HCC who were admitted to The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from June 2014 to August 2019 and underwent TACE therapy.The patients were divided into glucocorticoid(GCC)treatment group and control group.Standard liver-protecting procedures were used in both groups.The treatment group also received intravenous injections of methylprednisolone sodium succinate for 3–5 days.Reduction in bilirubin concentration,mean duration of hospitalization,and complications were compared between the two groups to investigate the safety and efficacy of GCCs for treatment of hyperbilirubinemia after TACE treatment.Results Bilirubin concentrations were significantly lower in the treatment group than in control group on days 3 and 5 after GCC/conventional liver-protecting treatment(P<0.05).The treatment group had significantly shorter durations of total post-surgery hospitalization,and recovery time than the control group(14.5±4.6 days vs.17.5±6.6 days,P<0.001;9.2±3.3 days vs.11.8±5.4 days,P=0.001;7.0±3.3 days vs.9.3±4.6 days,P<0.001).No GCC-associated complications were detected in the treatment group.Conclusion Short-term use of GCCs to treat hyperbilirubinemia in patients with HCC who have undergone TACE is safe and associated with rapid decline in bilirubin concentration and shorter hospital stay compared with patients who did not receive GCCs.
基金Supported by a grant from the military medical science and technology youth cultivation program(No.15QNP085).
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of a combined therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and FOLFOX4,in patients with unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods In this study,patients with advanced HCC,that received treatment between November 2015 and October 2017,were recruited.Among these,30 patients were treated with TACE only(TACE group);whereas 33 patients were treated with a combination of FOLFOX4 chemotherapy and TACE(combination group).Survival analyses,including overall survival(OS)and progression free survival(PFS)analysis,were performed for both groups.Following this,the responses of patients to treatment were evaluated every 3 months,and the toxic and adverse events were observed.Results The median follow-up time was 9.2 months(3-36 months).In the combination group,at 3 months,a disease control rate(DCR)of 60.6%,and a median OS of 9.1 months was obtained[95%confidence interval(CI)6.5-11.7].In the TACE group,the DCR and OS were 33.3%and 5.5 months(95%CI 4.3-6.7),respectively.On the other hand,the PFS in the combination and TACE groups were observed as 5.6 months(95%CI 3.6-7.6)and 2.6 months(95%CI 2.0-3.2),respectively.Both these findings indicate a statistically significant difference(P=0.01)between both the groups.Similar TACE associated adverse events were observed in both groups.In the combination group,frequently observed FOLFOX4 related adverse effects included nausea(90.9%),leukopenia(75.8%),thrombocytopenia(69.7%),and vomiting(69.7%).Most adverse reactions were between grades I-III and were alleviated after symptomatic treatments.Conclusion The combination of TACE with FOLFOX4 therapy has better effectivity and safety than TACE alone.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473365)the Innovative Research Team in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2011-CXTD-13)。
文摘Objective: To elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) by which methyl salicylate enhances the skin delivery of herbal ingredients with diverse lipophilicity.Methods: The toxicity of methyl salicylate on skin cell lines was evaluated using the MTT assay. The Franz diffusion cell method was used to measure the permeability enhancing activities of methyl salicylate for five herbal ingredients with a range of lipophilicities. The interaction between methyl salicylate and the stratum corneum(SC) was observed by using an infrared spectroscopy technique. Moreover, the solubilities and SC-vehicle partition coefficient were determined to monitor the impact of methyl salicylate on the drug thermodynamic activities and partition into the SC layer, respectively.Results: Compared with azone(1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one), methyl salicylate showed lower toxicity to skin cells in terms of the IC50 values. The in vitro skin permeation studies showed that methyl salicylate could greatly improve the cumulative amounts or steady state flux of the selected model drugs with the exception of osthole, which indicated that methyl salicylate was prone to promote the skin delivery of hydrophilic drugs. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that methyl salicylate mainly interacted with SC lipids, leading to the disruption of the orderly arrangement of the SC.In addition, methyl salicylate had no obvious effect on the drug thermodynamic activity and partition into the SC.Conclusion: Methyl salicylate could effectively promote the skin delivery of relatively hydrophilic ingredients in externally used traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) without obvious cytotoxicity.
基金Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council,Grant/Award Numbers:EP/P01366X/1,EP/V026941/1,EP/W001128/1Small Business research initiative,Grant/Award Number:C/2064382。
文摘Nuclear facilities have a regulatory requirement to measure radiation levels within Post Operational Clean Out(POCO)around nuclear facilities each year,resulting in a trend towards robotic deployments to gain an improved understanding during nuclear decommissioning phases.The UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority supports the view that human-in-the-loop(HITL)robotic deployments are a solution to improve procedures and reduce risks within radiation characterisation of nuclear sites.The authors present a novel implementation of a Cyber-Physical System(CPS)deployed in an analogue nuclear environment,comprised of a multi-robot(MR)team coordinated by a HITL operator through a digital twin interface.The development of the CPS created efficient partnerships across systems including robots,digital systems and human.This was presented as a multi-staged mission within an inspection scenario for the hetero-geneous Symbiotic Multi-Robot Fleet(SMuRF).Symbiotic interactions were achieved across the SMuRF where robots utilised automated collaborative governance to work together,where a single robot would face challenges in full characterisation of radiation.Key contributions include the demonstration of symbiotic autonomy and query-based learning of an autonomous mission supporting scalable autonomy and autonomy as a service.The coordination of the CPS was a success and displayed further challenges and improvements related to future MR fleets.
基金This work was supported by the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education （No. P3090098101）, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （No. 2017M612864）, the Major International （Regional） Joint Research Project （No. 51210002）, the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2015CB932304） and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province （No. 2015A030312007）.
文摘Carbon nanotube （CNT） clusters grown in situ in three-dimensional （3D） porous graphene networks （3DG-CNTs）, with integrated structure and remarkable electronic conductivity, are desirable S host materials for Li-S batteries. 3DG-CNT exhibits a high surface area （1,645 m^2·g^-1）, superior electronic conductivity of 1,055 S·m^-1, and a 3D porous networked structure. Large clusters of CNTs anchored on the inner walls of 3D graphene networks act as capillaries, benefitting restriction of agglomeration by high contents of immersed S. Moreover, the capillary-like CNT clusters grown in situ in the pores efficiently form restricted spaces for Li polysulfides, significantly reducing the shuttling effect and promoting S utilization throughout the charge/discharge process. With an areal S mass loading of 81.6 wt.%, the 3DG-CNT/S electrode exhibits an initial specific capacity reaching 1,229 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.5 C and capacity decays of 0.044% and 0.059% per cycle at 0.5 and 1 C, respectively, over 500 cycles. The electrode material also reveals a remarkable rate performance and the large capacity of 812 mA·h·g^-1 at 3 C.
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(20152227)The national natural science foundation of China(81772098)Scientific research foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(20154Y0023).
文摘Background:Fractional CO_(2) laser plays an important role in scar management post split-thickness skin graft by loosening the graft contracture and restoring the smoothness of the surface.However,the optimal treatment protocol remains unknown.This study applied a dual-scan protocol to achieve both releasing and ablation of contracted skin graft.We comprehensively describe this treatment method and compare the efficacy and safety between this dual-scan method and the conventional mono-scan mode.Methods:A hypercontracted scar model after split-thickness skin grafting in red Duroc pigs was established.All scars meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into four groups:high fluence–low density(HF–LD),low fluence–high density(LF–HD),combined group and control group.The energy per unit areawas similar in the HF–LD and LF–HD groups.Two laser interventions were performed at a 6-week interval.The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by objective measures of scar area,release rate,elasticity,thickness and flatness,while the safetywas evaluated based on adverse reactions and melanin index.Collagen structurewas observed histologically.The animals were followed up for a maximum of 126 days after modeling.Results:A total of 28 contracted scars were included,7 in each group.At 18 weeks postoperatively,the HF–LD and the combined groups showed significantly increased scar release rate(p=0.000)and elasticity(p=0.036)and decreased type I/III collagen ratio(p=0.002)compared with the control and LF–HD groups.In terms of flatness,the combined group was significantly better than the HF–LD group for elevations<1mm(p=0.019).No significant skin side effects,pigmentation or scar thickness changes were observed at 18 weeks.Conclusions:Dual-scan protocol could achieve superficial ablation and deep release of contracted split-thickness skin graft in a single treatment,with similar contraction release and texture improvement compared to a single deep scan.Its main advantage is to restore a smoother scar appearance.Adequate laser penetration was necessary for the release of contracted scars.
