Grape pistil has an important influence on fruit size and quality.However,there were few studies on grape ovary,and the development process of the ovary is still unclear.Therefore,in this paper,four different grape va...Grape pistil has an important influence on fruit size and quality.However,there were few studies on grape ovary,and the development process of the ovary is still unclear.Therefore,in this paper,four different grape varieties with different lengths of small inflorescences,namely‘Musct Hambourg’grape(Vitis vinifera),‘Concord’grape(Vitis labrusca),‘ShanPuTao’grape(Vitis amurensis)and‘GongNiang2Hao’grape(Vitis amurensis×Vitis vinifera)were used as test materials.Four varieties ovary were significant differences by means of stereomicroscope,paraffin section.The expression of ovary determining gene VvAGAMOUS(VvAG)and its development related genes VvCRABS CLAW(VvCRC)and VvAGAMOUS-LIKE 11(VvAGL11)with similar functions during the development of different grape varieties were preliminarily explored using fluorescence quantitative test.The relationship between VvAG and VvCRC,VvAG and VvAGL11 were analyzed using Y1H assay.Our results showed that there were obvious abdominal sutures on the surface of expect for‘Musct Hambourg’grape,and existing poly carpels.The ovary development of‘ShanPuTao’and‘GongNiang2Hao’grape was completed when the inflorescence length was less than 1 cm,while the‘Concord’and‘Musct Hambourg’grape were fully developed when the length of inflorescence was 3–4 and 4–5 cm,respectively.VvAG and VvCRC began to express in large quantities after the formation of stamen primordia,while VvAGL11 during the forming of ovule primordia.Therefore,VvAG and VvCRC mainly regulated the development of stamens and carpels and also promote the development of ovules,while VvAGL11 major regulated the development of ovules.The promoters of VvCRC and VvAGL11 were bound by VvAG.This study provides an important theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of grape ovary development.展开更多
Introduction:Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)is a common gram-positive bacterium that contaminates starch-rich food and can cause outbreaks of foodborne diseases.This study describes characteristics of outbreaks caused by B....Introduction:Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)is a common gram-positive bacterium that contaminates starch-rich food and can cause outbreaks of foodborne diseases.This study describes characteristics of outbreaks caused by B.cereus in China during 2010–2020 and explore the possible reasons for changes in the number of outbreaks over time.Results of this analysis can efficiently help guide and allocate public resources to prevent B.cereus caused foodborne diseases.Methods:Descriptive statistical methods were used to analysis the data on B.cereus outbreaks in China during this period.The data were identified,reported at all levels in China through National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System.Results:From 2010 to 2020,a total of 419 foodborne outbreaks prompted by B.cereus were reported in China,leading to 7,892 cases,2,786 hospital admissions,and 5 fatalities.The bulk of the outbreaks were recorded in the summer,primarily between May and September.The most recurrent food vehicle was linked with rice or flour-based products,notably those made with rice or fried rice.School canteens bore the brunt of the B.cereus outbreaks.In multifactor outbreaks,food contamination was identified as the most common culprit;while in instances where only one factor contributed,improper storage was most frequently implicated.Conclusion:The prevalence of B.cereus outbreaks remained relatively consistent throughout the studied period.Understanding the types of foods,causative factors,and contributing elements leading to B.cereus outbreaks can help inform prevention strategies for foodborne illnesses.The majority of outbreaks were associated with rice-or flour-based foods in school canteens,suggesting contamination and improper storage during food preparation.Consequently,it is essential to prioritize continuous education for canteen staff on food safety,efficacious management,and proper practices.The implementation of comprehensive guidelines,encompassing multiple critical aspects,can potentially reduce the occurrence of B.cereus outbreaks.展开更多
ABSTRACT Introduction:Mushroom poisoning was the leading cause of foodborne disease outbreaks and outbreak-associated deaths in China.Mushroom poisoning outbreak surveillance can provide insight into the epidemiologic...ABSTRACT Introduction:Mushroom poisoning was the leading cause of foodborne disease outbreaks and outbreak-associated deaths in China.Mushroom poisoning outbreak surveillance can provide insight into the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisonings and guide policymaking and health education to reduce illnesses and deaths.Methods:Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System was upgraded in 2011 to collect foodborne disease outbreaks in China.Mushroom poisoning outbreaks during 2010–2020 were selected to analyze geographical distribution,seasonal distribution,and setting of food preparation.Results:A total of 10,036 outbreaks,which resulted in 38,676 illnesses and 788 deaths,were reported in this period.Mushroom poisonings occurred all over the country,but with highest incidence in the southwest and central China.展开更多
Food safety is vital to the development of human society.On December 20,2018,the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 73/250 proclaiming a World Food Safety Day.As of 2019,every June 7 is a time to incre...Food safety is vital to the development of human society.On December 20,2018,the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 73/250 proclaiming a World Food Safety Day.As of 2019,every June 7 is a time to increase social awareness of food safety and to encourage actions for good health promotion.The Third World Food Safety Day on June 7,2021 aims to draw attention and inspire action to help prevent,detect,and manage foodborne risks,contributing to food security,human health,economic prosperity,agriculture,market access,tourism,and sustainable development(1).Food safety risk communication shifts from the traditional approach of one-way sender-oriented to a two-way audience-oriented communication approach.展开更多
基金financially supported from the Shanxi Youth Science Research Project(Grant No.20210302124067)the Shanxi Agricultural University Doctoral Research Startup Project(Grant No.2021BQ32)+2 种基金the Shanxi Provincial Doctoral Graduates and Postdoctoral ResearchersWorking in Shanxi Reward Fund Research Project(Grant No.SXBYKY2021075)the National Youth Science Foundation Project(Grant No.32202456)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System.
文摘Grape pistil has an important influence on fruit size and quality.However,there were few studies on grape ovary,and the development process of the ovary is still unclear.Therefore,in this paper,four different grape varieties with different lengths of small inflorescences,namely‘Musct Hambourg’grape(Vitis vinifera),‘Concord’grape(Vitis labrusca),‘ShanPuTao’grape(Vitis amurensis)and‘GongNiang2Hao’grape(Vitis amurensis×Vitis vinifera)were used as test materials.Four varieties ovary were significant differences by means of stereomicroscope,paraffin section.The expression of ovary determining gene VvAGAMOUS(VvAG)and its development related genes VvCRABS CLAW(VvCRC)and VvAGAMOUS-LIKE 11(VvAGL11)with similar functions during the development of different grape varieties were preliminarily explored using fluorescence quantitative test.The relationship between VvAG and VvCRC,VvAG and VvAGL11 were analyzed using Y1H assay.Our results showed that there were obvious abdominal sutures on the surface of expect for‘Musct Hambourg’grape,and existing poly carpels.The ovary development of‘ShanPuTao’and‘GongNiang2Hao’grape was completed when the inflorescence length was less than 1 cm,while the‘Concord’and‘Musct Hambourg’grape were fully developed when the length of inflorescence was 3–4 and 4–5 cm,respectively.VvAG and VvCRC began to express in large quantities after the formation of stamen primordia,while VvAGL11 during the forming of ovule primordia.Therefore,VvAG and VvCRC mainly regulated the development of stamens and carpels and also promote the development of ovules,while VvAGL11 major regulated the development of ovules.The promoters of VvCRC and VvAGL11 were bound by VvAG.This study provides an important theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of grape ovary development.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2602303,2021YFF0703804,2017YFC1600100)the Research Project on Health Policy of Shanghai(2021HP10).
文摘Introduction:Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)is a common gram-positive bacterium that contaminates starch-rich food and can cause outbreaks of foodborne diseases.This study describes characteristics of outbreaks caused by B.cereus in China during 2010–2020 and explore the possible reasons for changes in the number of outbreaks over time.Results of this analysis can efficiently help guide and allocate public resources to prevent B.cereus caused foodborne diseases.Methods:Descriptive statistical methods were used to analysis the data on B.cereus outbreaks in China during this period.The data were identified,reported at all levels in China through National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System.Results:From 2010 to 2020,a total of 419 foodborne outbreaks prompted by B.cereus were reported in China,leading to 7,892 cases,2,786 hospital admissions,and 5 fatalities.The bulk of the outbreaks were recorded in the summer,primarily between May and September.The most recurrent food vehicle was linked with rice or flour-based products,notably those made with rice or fried rice.School canteens bore the brunt of the B.cereus outbreaks.In multifactor outbreaks,food contamination was identified as the most common culprit;while in instances where only one factor contributed,improper storage was most frequently implicated.Conclusion:The prevalence of B.cereus outbreaks remained relatively consistent throughout the studied period.Understanding the types of foods,causative factors,and contributing elements leading to B.cereus outbreaks can help inform prevention strategies for foodborne illnesses.The majority of outbreaks were associated with rice-or flour-based foods in school canteens,suggesting contamination and improper storage during food preparation.Consequently,it is essential to prioritize continuous education for canteen staff on food safety,efficacious management,and proper practices.The implementation of comprehensive guidelines,encompassing multiple critical aspects,can potentially reduce the occurrence of B.cereus outbreaks.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant number 2017YFC1601503).
文摘ABSTRACT Introduction:Mushroom poisoning was the leading cause of foodborne disease outbreaks and outbreak-associated deaths in China.Mushroom poisoning outbreak surveillance can provide insight into the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisonings and guide policymaking and health education to reduce illnesses and deaths.Methods:Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System was upgraded in 2011 to collect foodborne disease outbreaks in China.Mushroom poisoning outbreaks during 2010–2020 were selected to analyze geographical distribution,seasonal distribution,and setting of food preparation.Results:A total of 10,036 outbreaks,which resulted in 38,676 illnesses and 788 deaths,were reported in this period.Mushroom poisonings occurred all over the country,but with highest incidence in the southwest and central China.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant number 2017YFC1601502 and 2018YFC1603100).
文摘Food safety is vital to the development of human society.On December 20,2018,the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 73/250 proclaiming a World Food Safety Day.As of 2019,every June 7 is a time to increase social awareness of food safety and to encourage actions for good health promotion.The Third World Food Safety Day on June 7,2021 aims to draw attention and inspire action to help prevent,detect,and manage foodborne risks,contributing to food security,human health,economic prosperity,agriculture,market access,tourism,and sustainable development(1).Food safety risk communication shifts from the traditional approach of one-way sender-oriented to a two-way audience-oriented communication approach.
