Humans are able to overcome sensory perturbations imposed on their movements through motor learning. One of the key mechanisms to accomplish this is sensorimotor adaptation, an implicit, error-driven learning mechanis...Humans are able to overcome sensory perturbations imposed on their movements through motor learning. One of the key mechanisms to accomplish this is sensorimotor adaptation, an implicit, error-driven learning mechanism. Past work on sensorimotor adaptation focused mainly on adaptation to rotated visual feedback—A paradigm known as visuomotor rotation. Recent studies have shown that sensorimotor adaptation can also occur under mirror-reversed visual feedback. In visuomotor rotation, sensorimotor adaptation can be driven by both endpoint and online feedback [1] [2]. However, it’s not been clear whether both kinds of feedback can similarly drive adaptation under a mirror reversed perturbation. We performed a study to establish what kinds of feedback can drive adaptation under mirror reversal. In the first two conditions, the participants were asked to ignore visual feedback. In the first condition, we provided mirror reversed online feedback and endpoint feedback. We reproduced previous findings showing that online feedback elicited adaptation under mirror reversal. In a second condition, we provided mirror reversed endpoint feedback. However, in the second condition, we found that endpoint feedback alone failed to elicit adaptation. In a third condition, we provided both types of feedback at the same time, but in a conflicting way: endpoint feedback was non-reversed while online feedback was mirror reversed. The participants were asked to ignore online visual feedback and try to hit the target with help from veridical endpoint feedback. In the third condition, in which veridical endpoint feedback and mirror reversed online feedback were provided, adaptation still occurred. Our results showed that endpoint feedback did not elicit adaptation under mirror reversal but online feedback did. This dissociation between effects of endpoint feedback and online feedback on adaptation under mirror reversal suggests that adaptation under these different kinds of feedback might in fact operate via distinct mechanisms.展开更多
The practical teaching management system is an important factor to ensure the quality of teaching.The training of systematic thinking needs a systematic teaching system,and a systematic process is a gradual process an...The practical teaching management system is an important factor to ensure the quality of teaching.The training of systematic thinking needs a systematic teaching system,and a systematic process is a gradual process and a standardized process.This paper discusses the process of establishing a standardized practice teaching system step by step through a progressive way.At the same time,taking test practice as an example,it describes how the practice teaching system enables students to gradually adapt to and benefit from the management of the system.Through project practice,students not only enhance their practical ability,but also learn the standardized practice process.These skills can help students adapt to the work pace of the enterprise faster,and make students’practical ability meet the requirements of the enterprise.展开更多
Natto is a soybean product fermented by natto bacteria.It is rich in a variety of amino acids,vitamins,proteins and active enzymes.It has a number of biological activities,such as thrombolysis,prevention of osteoporos...Natto is a soybean product fermented by natto bacteria.It is rich in a variety of amino acids,vitamins,proteins and active enzymes.It has a number of biological activities,such as thrombolysis,prevention of osteoporosis,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant and so on.It is widely used in medicine,healthcare food,biocatalysis and other fields.Natto is rich in many pharmacological active substances and has significant medicinal research value.This paper summarizes the pharmacological activities and applications of natto in and outside China,so as to provide references for further research and development of natto.展开更多
Accurate diagnosis is a significant step in cancer treatment.Machine learning can support doctors in prognosis decision-making,and its performance is always weakened by the high dimension and small quantity of genetic...Accurate diagnosis is a significant step in cancer treatment.Machine learning can support doctors in prognosis decision-making,and its performance is always weakened by the high dimension and small quantity of genetic data.Fortunately,deep learning can effectively process the high dimensional data with growing.However,the problem of inadequate data remains unsolved and has lowered the performance of deep learning.To end it,we propose a generative adversarial model that uses non target cancer data to help target generator training.We use the reconstruction loss to further stabilize model training and improve the quality of generated samples.We also present a cancer classification model to optimize classification performance.Experimental results prove that mean absolute error of cancer gene made by our model is 19.3%lower than DC-GAN,and the classification accuracy rate of our produced data is higher than the data created by GAN.As for the classification model,the classification accuracy of our model reaches 92.6%,which is 7.6%higher than the model without any generated data.展开更多
Multi-drug resistance(MDR)has become the largest obstacle to the success of cancer patients receiving traditional chemotherapeutics or novel targeted drugs.Here,we developed a targeted nanoplatform based on biodegrada...Multi-drug resistance(MDR)has become the largest obstacle to the success of cancer patients receiving traditional chemotherapeutics or novel targeted drugs.Here,we developed a targeted nanoplatform based on biodegradable boronic acid modifiedε-polylysine to co-deliver P-gp siRNA,Bcl-2 siRNA,and doxorubicin for overcoming the challenge.The targeted nanoplatform showed a robust suppressing efficiency for the invasion,proliferation,and colony formation of adriamycin(ADR)resistant breast cancer cell line(MCF-7/ADR)cells in vitro.The ATP responsiveness of the nanoplatform was also proved in the research.In the in vivo antitumor experiment,the targeted nanoplatform showed a significant inhibition of tumor growth with good biocompatibility.The goal of this study is to develop a novel and facile strategy to prepare a highly efficient and safe gene and drug delivery system for MDR breast cancer based on biocompatibleε-polylysine polymers.展开更多
文摘Humans are able to overcome sensory perturbations imposed on their movements through motor learning. One of the key mechanisms to accomplish this is sensorimotor adaptation, an implicit, error-driven learning mechanism. Past work on sensorimotor adaptation focused mainly on adaptation to rotated visual feedback—A paradigm known as visuomotor rotation. Recent studies have shown that sensorimotor adaptation can also occur under mirror-reversed visual feedback. In visuomotor rotation, sensorimotor adaptation can be driven by both endpoint and online feedback [1] [2]. However, it’s not been clear whether both kinds of feedback can similarly drive adaptation under a mirror reversed perturbation. We performed a study to establish what kinds of feedback can drive adaptation under mirror reversal. In the first two conditions, the participants were asked to ignore visual feedback. In the first condition, we provided mirror reversed online feedback and endpoint feedback. We reproduced previous findings showing that online feedback elicited adaptation under mirror reversal. In a second condition, we provided mirror reversed endpoint feedback. However, in the second condition, we found that endpoint feedback alone failed to elicit adaptation. In a third condition, we provided both types of feedback at the same time, but in a conflicting way: endpoint feedback was non-reversed while online feedback was mirror reversed. The participants were asked to ignore online visual feedback and try to hit the target with help from veridical endpoint feedback. In the third condition, in which veridical endpoint feedback and mirror reversed online feedback were provided, adaptation still occurred. Our results showed that endpoint feedback did not elicit adaptation under mirror reversal but online feedback did. This dissociation between effects of endpoint feedback and online feedback on adaptation under mirror reversal suggests that adaptation under these different kinds of feedback might in fact operate via distinct mechanisms.
文摘The practical teaching management system is an important factor to ensure the quality of teaching.The training of systematic thinking needs a systematic teaching system,and a systematic process is a gradual process and a standardized process.This paper discusses the process of establishing a standardized practice teaching system step by step through a progressive way.At the same time,taking test practice as an example,it describes how the practice teaching system enables students to gradually adapt to and benefit from the management of the system.Through project practice,students not only enhance their practical ability,but also learn the standardized practice process.These skills can help students adapt to the work pace of the enterprise faster,and make students’practical ability meet the requirements of the enterprise.
基金supported by National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine International Cooperation Program(No.0610-2140NF020630)。
文摘Natto is a soybean product fermented by natto bacteria.It is rich in a variety of amino acids,vitamins,proteins and active enzymes.It has a number of biological activities,such as thrombolysis,prevention of osteoporosis,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant and so on.It is widely used in medicine,healthcare food,biocatalysis and other fields.Natto is rich in many pharmacological active substances and has significant medicinal research value.This paper summarizes the pharmacological activities and applications of natto in and outside China,so as to provide references for further research and development of natto.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1402600,2017YFB0802203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61972178,61702043,61906075,61932010)+3 种基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B010137005)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2017A030313334,2019A1515011753,2019A1515011920)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China(201802010061)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4194086).
文摘Accurate diagnosis is a significant step in cancer treatment.Machine learning can support doctors in prognosis decision-making,and its performance is always weakened by the high dimension and small quantity of genetic data.Fortunately,deep learning can effectively process the high dimensional data with growing.However,the problem of inadequate data remains unsolved and has lowered the performance of deep learning.To end it,we propose a generative adversarial model that uses non target cancer data to help target generator training.We use the reconstruction loss to further stabilize model training and improve the quality of generated samples.We also present a cancer classification model to optimize classification performance.Experimental results prove that mean absolute error of cancer gene made by our model is 19.3%lower than DC-GAN,and the classification accuracy rate of our produced data is higher than the data created by GAN.As for the classification model,the classification accuracy of our model reaches 92.6%,which is 7.6%higher than the model without any generated data.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81771968,82003166,and 21704061)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.21ZR1439200)+3 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(No.17YF1411000)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Grant Support(No.20181705)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(No.201840020)the Medical-Engineering Joint Funds from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Nos.ZH2018ZDA05 and YG2016QN54)on this work.
文摘Multi-drug resistance(MDR)has become the largest obstacle to the success of cancer patients receiving traditional chemotherapeutics or novel targeted drugs.Here,we developed a targeted nanoplatform based on biodegradable boronic acid modifiedε-polylysine to co-deliver P-gp siRNA,Bcl-2 siRNA,and doxorubicin for overcoming the challenge.The targeted nanoplatform showed a robust suppressing efficiency for the invasion,proliferation,and colony formation of adriamycin(ADR)resistant breast cancer cell line(MCF-7/ADR)cells in vitro.The ATP responsiveness of the nanoplatform was also proved in the research.In the in vivo antitumor experiment,the targeted nanoplatform showed a significant inhibition of tumor growth with good biocompatibility.The goal of this study is to develop a novel and facile strategy to prepare a highly efficient and safe gene and drug delivery system for MDR breast cancer based on biocompatibleε-polylysine polymers.
