Exosomes （EXO） derived from dendritic cells （DC） and tumor cells have been used to stimulate antitumor immune responses in animal models and in clinical trials. However, there has been no side-by-side comparison o...Exosomes （EXO） derived from dendritic cells （DC） and tumor cells have been used to stimulate antitumor immune responses in animal models and in clinical trials. However, there has been no side-by-side comparison of the stimulatory efficiency of the antitumor immune responses induced by these two commonly used EXO vaccines. In this study, we selected to study the phenotype characteristics of EXO derived from a transfected EG7 tumor cells expressing ovalbumin （OVA） and OVA-pulsed DC by flow cytometry. We compared the stimulatory effect in induction of OVA-specific immune responses between these two types of EXO. We found that OVA protein-pulsed DCOVA-derived EXO （EXODC） can more efficiently stimulate naive OVA-specific CD8^＋ T cell proliferation and differentiation into cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo, and induce more efficient antitumor immunity than EG7 tumor cell-derived EXO （EXOEG7）. In addition, we elucidated the important role of the host DC in EXO vaccines that the stimulatory effect of EXO is delivered to T cell responses by the host DC. Therefore, DC-derived EXO may represent a more effective EXO-based vaccine in induction of antitumor immunity. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2006;3（3）：205-211.展开更多
The issue of information security is closely related to every aspect of daily life.For pursuing a higher level of security,much effort has been continuously invested in the development of information security technolo...The issue of information security is closely related to every aspect of daily life.For pursuing a higher level of security,much effort has been continuously invested in the development of information security technologies based on encryption and storage.Current approaches using single-dimension information can be easily cracked and imitated due to the lack of sufficient security.Multidimensional information encryption and storage are an effective way to increase the security level and can protect it from counterfeiting and illegal decryption.Since light has rich dimensions(wavelength,duration,phase,polarization,depth,and power)and synergy between different dimensions,light as the input is one of the promising candidates for improving the level of information security.In this review,based on six different dimensional features of the input light,we mainly summarize the implementation methods of multidimensional information encryption and storage including material preparation and response mechanisms.In addition,the challenges and future prospects of these information security systems are discussed.展开更多
The morphology of polymeric nanoparticles prepared by polymerization-induced self-assembly(PISA)is depended on the degree of polymerization of the solvophilic and solvophobic blocks.Herein,a series of poly(N,N-dimethy...The morphology of polymeric nanoparticles prepared by polymerization-induced self-assembly(PISA)is depended on the degree of polymerization of the solvophilic and solvophobic blocks.Herein,a series of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(benzyl methacrylate)(PDMA-b-PBzMA)diblock copolymer spherical nanoparticles were synthesized via reversible addition-frag-mentation chain transfer(RAFT)mediated PISA.These diblock copolymer nanoparticles are with nearly the same hydrodynamic size and solvophobic chain length,but with different solvophilic chain length.We used these nanoparticles to stabilize the oil-in-water Pickering emulsion.We find that the stability of Pickering emulsion increases with the length of solvophilic chain of the nanoparticles.Moreover,the droplet size of the Pickering emulsion can be tailored by varying the oil/water ratio and concentration of nanoparticles.展开更多
Multifunctional fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles （Fe3O4@SiO2-PLLA-RhB/FA） with cell recognition ability were synthesized through conjugation of magnetic nanoparticles with folic acid （FA） and Rhodamine B. To ver...Multifunctional fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles （Fe3O4@SiO2-PLLA-RhB/FA） with cell recognition ability were synthesized through conjugation of magnetic nanoparticles with folic acid （FA） and Rhodamine B. To verity their potential biomedical applications, biocompatibility as well as cell imaging applications of the multifunctional nanoparticles were further investigated. Results showed that these fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles are well bio- compatible with NIH-3T3 cells and HeLa cells. More importantly, these nanoparticles could be selectively taken up by HeLa cells （FA receptor positive） as evidenced by laser scanning confocal microscopy, suggesting their potential for biological imaging applications. Given their excellent biocompatibility and multifunctional characteristics, weexpect that the fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles could be promising for various biomedical applications.展开更多
Effective real-time tumor monitoring and cell tracking are of great importance for precise diagnosis and therapy of tumors,and also for the surveillance of biological processes.In this study,a new organic fluorescent ...Effective real-time tumor monitoring and cell tracking are of great importance for precise diagnosis and therapy of tumors,and also for the surveillance of biological processes.In this study,a new organic fluorescent nanoprobe(named TPATBT NPs)with unique aggregation-induced emission(AIE)characteristics has been obtained for the first time via facile synthesis to achieve real-time and long-term monitoring in living cells.The advantages of TPATBT NPs include small size(∼80 nm),a large Stokes shift(∼150 nm),high stability,good dispersibility in aqueous media,and biocompatibility.In addition,such NPs have showed excellent bioimaging performance and unusual long-term tumor monitoring properties.The red fluorescence signals inside MDA-MB-231 cells last for longer than 10 generations(18 days).Moreover,the cellular uptake of TPATBT NPs has been found to highly rely on energy-dependent endocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis,and to primarily accumulate in lipid droplets(LDs),which can lead to targeted LD cellular imaging and therapy.Thus,TPATBT NPs can work as an excellent fluorescent nanoprobe for long-term monitoring of malignant tumor growth and dynamic biological processes.展开更多
Supramolecular hydrogels based on cellulose attract increasing attention because of their novel structures and broad potential applications.In this review,hydrogels composed of cellulose are summarized according to ca...Supramolecular hydrogels based on cellulose attract increasing attention because of their novel structures and broad potential applications.In this review,hydrogels composed of cellulose are summarized according to category of supramolecular interactions in the networks including hydrogen bonds,electrostatic interactions,host-guest interactions,and others.Supramolecular cellulose-based hydrogels constructed by noncovalent bonding usually exhibit environmental friendliness,designing flexibility and diverse functions,and their properties are variable with incorporating different interactions in hydrogel networks.Moreover,with proper structures and networks,the supramolecular cellulose-based hydrogels are adaptable in diverse fields of research and practical applications,such as self-healing,shape memory,drug delivery,and some other renewable/sustainable materials.The future developments and challenges of the supramolecular hydrogels based on cellulose are discussed as well.展开更多
Organic fluorophores play essential roles in both academic and applied fields.Most of the fluorescent molecules can be divided into aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)and aggregation-induced emission(AIE)types based on ...Organic fluorophores play essential roles in both academic and applied fields.Most of the fluorescent molecules can be divided into aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)and aggregation-induced emission(AIE)types based on the diverse emission properties in solution and aggregated states.Currently,a large part of studies focuses on the ACQ-to-AIE one-way transformation and the complex synthesis of chemical bonds is inevitable in all existing methods.To maximize the advantages of ACQ and AIE types fluorophores and avoid complex chemosynthesis,we propose a facile strategy first realizing the reversible ACQAIE transformation with the dynamic Diels-Alder(DA)reactions.Besides,the fluorescent platform can monitor DA reactions in microscale ultra-sensitively and quantitively.The dynamic covalent bonds can help to develop novel fluorophores creatively,and the reversible ACQ-AIE platform is expected to offer fresh insights into the dynamic covalent chemistry.展开更多
文摘Exosomes （EXO） derived from dendritic cells （DC） and tumor cells have been used to stimulate antitumor immune responses in animal models and in clinical trials. However, there has been no side-by-side comparison of the stimulatory efficiency of the antitumor immune responses induced by these two commonly used EXO vaccines. In this study, we selected to study the phenotype characteristics of EXO derived from a transfected EG7 tumor cells expressing ovalbumin （OVA） and OVA-pulsed DC by flow cytometry. We compared the stimulatory effect in induction of OVA-specific immune responses between these two types of EXO. We found that OVA protein-pulsed DCOVA-derived EXO （EXODC） can more efficiently stimulate naive OVA-specific CD8^＋ T cell proliferation and differentiation into cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo, and induce more efficient antitumor immunity than EG7 tumor cell-derived EXO （EXOEG7）. In addition, we elucidated the important role of the host DC in EXO vaccines that the stimulatory effect of EXO is delivered to T cell responses by the host DC. Therefore, DC-derived EXO may represent a more effective EXO-based vaccine in induction of antitumor immunity. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2006;3（3）：205-211.
基金supported by the Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNR2019ZS01005)Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips,Tsinghua University.
文摘The issue of information security is closely related to every aspect of daily life.For pursuing a higher level of security,much effort has been continuously invested in the development of information security technologies based on encryption and storage.Current approaches using single-dimension information can be easily cracked and imitated due to the lack of sufficient security.Multidimensional information encryption and storage are an effective way to increase the security level and can protect it from counterfeiting and illegal decryption.Since light has rich dimensions(wavelength,duration,phase,polarization,depth,and power)and synergy between different dimensions,light as the input is one of the promising candidates for improving the level of information security.In this review,based on six different dimensional features of the input light,we mainly summarize the implementation methods of multidimensional information encryption and storage including material preparation and response mechanisms.In addition,the challenges and future prospects of these information security systems are discussed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21871162 and 22071131)the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University(No.KF2009).
文摘The morphology of polymeric nanoparticles prepared by polymerization-induced self-assembly(PISA)is depended on the degree of polymerization of the solvophilic and solvophobic blocks.Herein,a series of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(benzyl methacrylate)(PDMA-b-PBzMA)diblock copolymer spherical nanoparticles were synthesized via reversible addition-frag-mentation chain transfer(RAFT)mediated PISA.These diblock copolymer nanoparticles are with nearly the same hydrodynamic size and solvophobic chain length,but with different solvophilic chain length.We used these nanoparticles to stabilize the oil-in-water Pickering emulsion.We find that the stability of Pickering emulsion increases with the length of solvophilic chain of the nanoparticles.Moreover,the droplet size of the Pickering emulsion can be tailored by varying the oil/water ratio and concentration of nanoparticles.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21374053, 51573086）.
文摘Multifunctional fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles （Fe3O4@SiO2-PLLA-RhB/FA） with cell recognition ability were synthesized through conjugation of magnetic nanoparticles with folic acid （FA） and Rhodamine B. To verity their potential biomedical applications, biocompatibility as well as cell imaging applications of the multifunctional nanoparticles were further investigated. Results showed that these fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles are well bio- compatible with NIH-3T3 cells and HeLa cells. More importantly, these nanoparticles could be selectively taken up by HeLa cells （FA receptor positive） as evidenced by laser scanning confocal microscopy, suggesting their potential for biological imaging applications. Given their excellent biocompatibility and multifunctional characteristics, weexpect that the fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles could be promising for various biomedical applications.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21788102 and 51673107).The authors are grateful to Tsinghua Imaging Core Facility for providing technical support and to Yanli Zhang for assistance with confocal microscopy and image processing.
文摘Effective real-time tumor monitoring and cell tracking are of great importance for precise diagnosis and therapy of tumors,and also for the surveillance of biological processes.In this study,a new organic fluorescent nanoprobe(named TPATBT NPs)with unique aggregation-induced emission(AIE)characteristics has been obtained for the first time via facile synthesis to achieve real-time and long-term monitoring in living cells.The advantages of TPATBT NPs include small size(∼80 nm),a large Stokes shift(∼150 nm),high stability,good dispersibility in aqueous media,and biocompatibility.In addition,such NPs have showed excellent bioimaging performance and unusual long-term tumor monitoring properties.The red fluorescence signals inside MDA-MB-231 cells last for longer than 10 generations(18 days).Moreover,the cellular uptake of TPATBT NPs has been found to highly rely on energy-dependent endocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis,and to primarily accumulate in lipid droplets(LDs),which can lead to targeted LD cellular imaging and therapy.Thus,TPATBT NPs can work as an excellent fluorescent nanoprobe for long-term monitoring of malignant tumor growth and dynamic biological processes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21788102,51673107,21871162。
文摘Supramolecular hydrogels based on cellulose attract increasing attention because of their novel structures and broad potential applications.In this review,hydrogels composed of cellulose are summarized according to category of supramolecular interactions in the networks including hydrogen bonds,electrostatic interactions,host-guest interactions,and others.Supramolecular cellulose-based hydrogels constructed by noncovalent bonding usually exhibit environmental friendliness,designing flexibility and diverse functions,and their properties are variable with incorporating different interactions in hydrogel networks.Moreover,with proper structures and networks,the supramolecular cellulose-based hydrogels are adaptable in diverse fields of research and practical applications,such as self-healing,shape memory,drug delivery,and some other renewable/sustainable materials.The future developments and challenges of the supramolecular hydrogels based on cellulose are discussed as well.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21788102)。
文摘Organic fluorophores play essential roles in both academic and applied fields.Most of the fluorescent molecules can be divided into aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)and aggregation-induced emission(AIE)types based on the diverse emission properties in solution and aggregated states.Currently,a large part of studies focuses on the ACQ-to-AIE one-way transformation and the complex synthesis of chemical bonds is inevitable in all existing methods.To maximize the advantages of ACQ and AIE types fluorophores and avoid complex chemosynthesis,we propose a facile strategy first realizing the reversible ACQAIE transformation with the dynamic Diels-Alder(DA)reactions.Besides,the fluorescent platform can monitor DA reactions in microscale ultra-sensitively and quantitively.The dynamic covalent bonds can help to develop novel fluorophores creatively,and the reversible ACQ-AIE platform is expected to offer fresh insights into the dynamic covalent chemistry.
