Professor Jinzhe Zhang(1920–) is one of the founders of China's pediatric surgery and is considered the'father of China's pediatric surgery'. He graduated from Shanghai Medical College in 1945 and was...Professor Jinzhe Zhang(1920–) is one of the founders of China's pediatric surgery and is considered the'father of China's pediatric surgery'. He graduated from Shanghai Medical College in 1945 and was director of the Department of Surgery and vice president of Beijing Children's Hospital since 1955. He is also doctoral mentor of the Department of Pediatrics at Capital Medical University. In 1977, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.展开更多
The deterioration in fruit quality of commercial tomatoes is a major concern of modern tomato breeding.However,the metabolism and genetics of fruit quality are poorly understood.Here,we performed transgenic and molecu...The deterioration in fruit quality of commercial tomatoes is a major concern of modern tomato breeding.However,the metabolism and genetics of fruit quality are poorly understood.Here,we performed transgenic and molecular biology experiments to reveal that tomato phytoene synthase 1(SlPSY1)is responsible for the accumulation of an important flavor chemical,6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one(MHO).To dissect the function of SlPSY1 in regulating fruit quality,we generated and analyzed a dataset encompassing over 2000 compounds detected by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS along with transcriptomic data.The combined results illustrated that SlPSY1 deficiency imparts novel flavor to yellow tomatoes with 236 volatiles significantly changed and improves fruit firmness,possibly due to accumulation of seven cutins.Further analysis indicated SlPSY1 is essential for carotenoid-derived metabolite biosynthesis by catalyzing prephytoene-PP(PPPP)to 15-cis-phytoene.Notably,we showed that SlPSY1 can influence the metabolic flux between carotenoid and flavonoid pathways,and this metabolic flux was confirmed by silencing SlCHS1.Our study provided insights into the multiple effects of SlPSY1 on tomato fruit metabolome and highlights the potential to produce high-quality fruit by rational design of SlPSY1 expression.展开更多
Intercalation of atomic species is a practicable method for epitaxial graphene to adjust the electronic band structure and to tune the coupling between graphene and Si C substrate. In this work, atomically flat epitax...Intercalation of atomic species is a practicable method for epitaxial graphene to adjust the electronic band structure and to tune the coupling between graphene and Si C substrate. In this work, atomically flat epitaxial graphene is prepared on 4H-SiC(0001) using the flash heating method in an ultrahigh vacuum system. Scanning tunneling microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements are utilized to investigate surface morphological structures and transport properties of pristine and Er-intercalated epitaxial graphene. It is found that Er atoms are intercalated underneath the graphene layer after annealing at 900℃, and the intercalation sites of Er atoms are located mainly at the bufferlayer/monolayer-graphene interface in monolayer domains. We also report the different behaviors of Er intercalation in monolayer and bilayer regions, and the experimental results show that the diffusion barrier for Er intercalated atoms in the buffer-layer/monolayer interface is at least 0.2 eV higher than that in the first/second graphene-layer interface. The appearance of Er atoms is found to have distinct impacts on the electronic transports of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001).展开更多
Whether there were more extensive glaciations during the Marine Isotope Stage(MIS)3 relative to MIS 2 across the Tian Shan in Central Asia is intensely debated because of the uncertainty in chronological data and full...Whether there were more extensive glaciations during the Marine Isotope Stage(MIS)3 relative to MIS 2 across the Tian Shan in Central Asia is intensely debated because of the uncertainty in chronological data and fully understanding the driving mechanisms.To help resolve the ongoing debate,we assess the climate sensitivity of the glaciers and reconstruct the extent of glaciation during MIS 2 and 3 across the Tian Shan,using a glacier-resolving(250×250 m)ice sheet model asynchronously coupled with a global climate model.Our results demonstrate that the equilibrium-line altitude(ELA)over the Tian Shan decreases by∼180 m for every 1°C cooling under a modern precipitation regime,but precipitation reduction greatly lowers the sensitivity of the glaciers to temperature decrease(e.g.,the effect of 2°C cooling is broadly offset by a 50%decrease in precipitation).Under the modeled colder/drier-than-present climate,the model predicts an ELA depression(∆ELA)of∼75 m(162 m)over the Tian Shan during MIS 3 interstadials(stadials).The extent of MIS 3 glaciation is much smaller than that during MIS 2(i.e.,∆ELA=∼726 m).The more extensive glaciation during MIS 2 is largely attributed to the enhanced summer cooling.Furthermore,through a site-to-site model-data comparison,we find that the closest match between the modeled glacier margin and the locations of the glacial deposits previously argued to be MIS 3 is generally achieved under MIS 2 climatic conditions.These results suggest more extensive glacier advances over the Tian Shan during MIS 2 than MIS 3 on a regional scale,although MIS 3 glaciation may still occur in individual glacier catchments.This pattern suggests general synchronicity with the timing of maximum Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the last glacial,which should be further tested in a multimodel framework in the future.展开更多
Reinventing the tetraploid potato into a seed-propagated,diploid,hybrid potato would significantly accelerate potato breeding.In this regard,the development of highly homozygous inbred lines is a prerequisite for bree...Reinventing the tetraploid potato into a seed-propagated,diploid,hybrid potato would significantly accelerate potato breeding.In this regard,the development of highly homozygous inbred lines is a prerequisite for breeding hybrid potatoes,but self-incompatibility and inbreeding depression present challenges for developing pure inbred lines.To resolve this impediment,we developed a doubled haploid(DH)technology,based on mutagenesis of the potato DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 679 membrane protein(StDMP)gene.Here,we show that a deficiency in StDMP allows the generation of maternal haploids for generating diploid potato lines.An exercisable protocol,involving hybridization,fluorescent marker screening,molecular and flow cytometric identification,and doubling with colchicine generates nearly 100%homozygous diploid potato lines.This dmp-triggered haploid induction(HI)system greatly shortens the breeding process and offers a robust method for generating diploid potato inbred lines with high purity.展开更多
China’s pediatric surgery is a specialty first established in 1954 by Prof.Jinzhe Zhang,an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.During the same period,several professors(most notably Anquan Ma,Yaxiong Sh...China’s pediatric surgery is a specialty first established in 1954 by Prof.Jinzhe Zhang,an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.During the same period,several professors(most notably Anquan Ma,Yaxiong She,Zanyao Wang,and Erchang Tong)successively established pediatric surgery specialties1 in Shanghai and Wuhan,as well as in Shenyang,Chengdu,Chongqing,and Guangzhou.Initially,pediatric surgery primarily focused on treatment of emergencies,such as trauma,burns,surgical infection,and acute abdomen.Subsequently,as economic conditions improved,emergency cases decreased;in contrast,cases of congenital malformation increased annually as a focus of pediatric surgery.展开更多
文摘Professor Jinzhe Zhang(1920–) is one of the founders of China's pediatric surgery and is considered the'father of China's pediatric surgery'. He graduated from Shanghai Medical College in 1945 and was director of the Department of Surgery and vice president of Beijing Children's Hospital since 1955. He is also doctoral mentor of the Department of Pediatrics at Capital Medical University. In 1977, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31991185,31902019,32102384)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF1000103)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021B0707010005)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,China(2016-2020)supported by the Youth innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.Y2023QC05)。
文摘The deterioration in fruit quality of commercial tomatoes is a major concern of modern tomato breeding.However,the metabolism and genetics of fruit quality are poorly understood.Here,we performed transgenic and molecular biology experiments to reveal that tomato phytoene synthase 1(SlPSY1)is responsible for the accumulation of an important flavor chemical,6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one(MHO).To dissect the function of SlPSY1 in regulating fruit quality,we generated and analyzed a dataset encompassing over 2000 compounds detected by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS along with transcriptomic data.The combined results illustrated that SlPSY1 deficiency imparts novel flavor to yellow tomatoes with 236 volatiles significantly changed and improves fruit firmness,possibly due to accumulation of seven cutins.Further analysis indicated SlPSY1 is essential for carotenoid-derived metabolite biosynthesis by catalyzing prephytoene-PP(PPPP)to 15-cis-phytoene.Notably,we showed that SlPSY1 can influence the metabolic flux between carotenoid and flavonoid pathways,and this metabolic flux was confirmed by silencing SlCHS1.Our study provided insights into the multiple effects of SlPSY1 on tomato fruit metabolome and highlights the potential to produce high-quality fruit by rational design of SlPSY1 expression.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (Grant No. 18ZR1403300)。
文摘Intercalation of atomic species is a practicable method for epitaxial graphene to adjust the electronic band structure and to tune the coupling between graphene and Si C substrate. In this work, atomically flat epitaxial graphene is prepared on 4H-SiC(0001) using the flash heating method in an ultrahigh vacuum system. Scanning tunneling microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements are utilized to investigate surface morphological structures and transport properties of pristine and Er-intercalated epitaxial graphene. It is found that Er atoms are intercalated underneath the graphene layer after annealing at 900℃, and the intercalation sites of Er atoms are located mainly at the bufferlayer/monolayer-graphene interface in monolayer domains. We also report the different behaviors of Er intercalation in monolayer and bilayer regions, and the experimental results show that the diffusion barrier for Er intercalated atoms in the buffer-layer/monolayer interface is at least 0.2 eV higher than that in the first/second graphene-layer interface. The appearance of Er atoms is found to have distinct impacts on the electronic transports of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42022036,41888101)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association by CAS(2019080).
文摘Whether there were more extensive glaciations during the Marine Isotope Stage(MIS)3 relative to MIS 2 across the Tian Shan in Central Asia is intensely debated because of the uncertainty in chronological data and fully understanding the driving mechanisms.To help resolve the ongoing debate,we assess the climate sensitivity of the glaciers and reconstruct the extent of glaciation during MIS 2 and 3 across the Tian Shan,using a glacier-resolving(250×250 m)ice sheet model asynchronously coupled with a global climate model.Our results demonstrate that the equilibrium-line altitude(ELA)over the Tian Shan decreases by∼180 m for every 1°C cooling under a modern precipitation regime,but precipitation reduction greatly lowers the sensitivity of the glaciers to temperature decrease(e.g.,the effect of 2°C cooling is broadly offset by a 50%decrease in precipitation).Under the modeled colder/drier-than-present climate,the model predicts an ELA depression(∆ELA)of∼75 m(162 m)over the Tian Shan during MIS 3 interstadials(stadials).The extent of MIS 3 glaciation is much smaller than that during MIS 2(i.e.,∆ELA=∼726 m).The more extensive glaciation during MIS 2 is largely attributed to the enhanced summer cooling.Furthermore,through a site-to-site model-data comparison,we find that the closest match between the modeled glacier margin and the locations of the glacial deposits previously argued to be MIS 3 is generally achieved under MIS 2 climatic conditions.These results suggest more extensive glacier advances over the Tian Shan during MIS 2 than MIS 3 on a regional scale,although MIS 3 glaciation may still occur in individual glacier catchments.This pattern suggests general synchronicity with the timing of maximum Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the last glacial,which should be further tested in a multimodel framework in the future.
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2021B0301030004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31991185,31902027)supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science.Author information。
文摘Reinventing the tetraploid potato into a seed-propagated,diploid,hybrid potato would significantly accelerate potato breeding.In this regard,the development of highly homozygous inbred lines is a prerequisite for breeding hybrid potatoes,but self-incompatibility and inbreeding depression present challenges for developing pure inbred lines.To resolve this impediment,we developed a doubled haploid(DH)technology,based on mutagenesis of the potato DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 679 membrane protein(StDMP)gene.Here,we show that a deficiency in StDMP allows the generation of maternal haploids for generating diploid potato lines.An exercisable protocol,involving hybridization,fluorescent marker screening,molecular and flow cytometric identification,and doubling with colchicine generates nearly 100%homozygous diploid potato lines.This dmp-triggered haploid induction(HI)system greatly shortens the breeding process and offers a robust method for generating diploid potato inbred lines with high purity.
文摘China’s pediatric surgery is a specialty first established in 1954 by Prof.Jinzhe Zhang,an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.During the same period,several professors(most notably Anquan Ma,Yaxiong She,Zanyao Wang,and Erchang Tong)successively established pediatric surgery specialties1 in Shanghai and Wuhan,as well as in Shenyang,Chengdu,Chongqing,and Guangzhou.Initially,pediatric surgery primarily focused on treatment of emergencies,such as trauma,burns,surgical infection,and acute abdomen.Subsequently,as economic conditions improved,emergency cases decreased;in contrast,cases of congenital malformation increased annually as a focus of pediatric surgery.
