Radiculopathy,commonly induced by intervertebral disk bulging or protrusion,is presently diagnosed in accordance with clinical symptoms because there is no objective quantitative diagnostic criterion.Diffusion tensor ...Radiculopathy,commonly induced by intervertebral disk bulging or protrusion,is presently diagnosed in accordance with clinical symptoms because there is no objective quantitative diagnostic criterion.Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor tractography revealed the characterization of anisotropic diffusion and displayed the anatomic form of nerve root fibers This study included 18 cases with intervertebral disc degeneration-induced unilateral radiculopathy Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging was creatively used to reveal the scanning pattern o fiber tracking of the spinal nerve root.A scoring system of nerve root morphology was used to quantitatively assess nerve root morphology and functional alteration after intervertebral disc degeneration.Results showed that after fiber tracking,compared with unaffected nerve root,fiber bundles gathered together and interrupted at the affected side.No significant alteration was detected in the number of fiber bundles,but the cross-sectional area of nerve root fibers was reduced These results suggest that diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging-based tractography can be used to quantitatively evaluate nerve root function according to the area and morphology of fiber bundles of nerve roots.展开更多
Otamixaban is a potent(Ki=0.5 nM) fXa inhibitor currently in late-stage clinical development at Sanofi for the management of acute coronary syndrome. Being unproductive in obtaining a suitable crystal of Otamixaban, t...Otamixaban is a potent(Ki=0.5 nM) fXa inhibitor currently in late-stage clinical development at Sanofi for the management of acute coronary syndrome. Being unproductive in obtaining a suitable crystal of Otamixaban, the required enantiomeric characterization has been accomplished using vibrational circular dichroism(VCD) spectroscopy. Selected by a spectrum similarity index, the calculated spectra of several higher energy conformers were found to match well with the observed spectra. The characteristic IR bands of these conformers were also identified and attributed to the solvation effect.Combined with both the single crystal x-ray diffraction results for an intermediate and the proton NMR study, the absolute configuration of Otamixaban is unambiguously determined to be(R,R).展开更多
BACKGROUND: Researches suggest that cascade reaction of cysteine protease mediated by caspase-12 can cause apoptosis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury; however, nerve growth factor (NGF) can reduce apoptosis ...BACKGROUND: Researches suggest that cascade reaction of cysteine protease mediated by caspase-12 can cause apoptosis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury; however, nerve growth factor (NGF) can reduce apoptosis through inhibiting activation of that reaction. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of NGF on the expression of caspase-12 in brain tissue of rabbits with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and elucidate the protective mechanism of NGF on neural apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Image, Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University. MATERIALS: A total of 26 healthy New Zealand rabbits, of clean grade, aged 4.5-5 months, weighing (2.6±0.2) kg, were selected in this study. Reagents: NGF (Xiamen Beida Zhilu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); caspase-12 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Company, USA, clone number: SC-12395); caspase-3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Company, USA, clone number: SC-7272); biotin-antibody Ⅱ and ABC compound (Wuhan Boster Company); in situ end-labeling (ISEL, Beijing Zhongshan Company). METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratories of Nerve Molecule Image Science and Neurology of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from May to August 2005. ① All animals were randomly divided into three groups. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group (n=10): Left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was blocked for 2 hours and then blooded for 2 hours in order to establish focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion models. Sham operation group (n=6): Cork was inserted with 3 cm in depth, and then pulled to common carotid artery. Other procedures were as the same as those in ischemia/reperfusion group. Treatment group (n=10): After modeling, 400 AU (16 μg/L) NGF was inserted into cerebral infarction focus immediately. ② Brain tissue was taken out from left ischemia/reperfusion area at 3 days after operation in sham operation group and at 3 days after reperfusion in other two groups. In addition, contents of caspase-12 and caspase-3 were measured with immunohistochemical technique; mean absorbency (A value) was compared with image analytic system; apoptosis rate and apoptosis quantity of nerves in ischemia/reperfusion area were detected with flow cytometry and DNA TdT-mediated biotinylated-dUTP nick end labeling method. ③ Measurement data were compared with one-way analysis of variance among groups and with q test every two groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of caspase-12 and caspase-3 and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion area in the 3 groups. RESULTS: All 26 rabbits were involved in the final analysis. ① Expressions of caspase-12 and caspase-3: Expression of caspase-12 was 0.36±0.02 in I/R group and 0.13±0.03 in treatment group; expression of caspase-3 was 0.49±0.05 and 0.27±0.06, respectively. Both of them were higher than those in sham operation group (0.07±0.02, 0.09±0.03, P < 0.01), and expressions of two proteases were lower in treatment group than those in I/R group (P < 0.01). There were significant differences of expression of caspase between I/R group and treatment group as compared with that in sham operation group; meanwhile, there were significant differences between treatment group and I/R group. ② Apoptosis: Apoptosis rate was (20.2±1.3)% in I/R group and (7.7±0.8)% in treatment group; apoptosis quantity was (32.8±2.6), (7.6±1.5)/high sight, respectively. Both of them were higher and more than those in sham operation group [(4.8 ±0.4)%, (0.7±0.2) /high sight, P < 0.01]. Apoptosis rate and apoptosis quantity were lower and less in treatment group than those in I/R group (P < 0.01). There was significant difference between I/R group and treatment group as compared with sham operation group, and there was significant difference between treatment group and I/R group. CONCLUSION: NGF can decrease the number of apoptotic cells of the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and inhibit the caspase cascade reaction induced by caspase-12, which is one of the protective mechanisms of NGF.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively study the prevalence of fatigue and factors associated with fatigue among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with antiretroviral drug adverse re-ctions. METHODS: Data were...OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively study the prevalence of fatigue and factors associated with fatigue among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with antiretroviral drug adverse re-ctions. METHODS: Data were collected from case reportforms (CRFs) for a project funded by the 11th National 5-year Special Science and Technology Program on Major Infectious Diseases. Fatigue was defined by patient self-report. The outcomes were the prevalence of fatigue and the potential risk factors of fatigue. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with fatigue. RESULTS: Among the 228 subjects, the prevalence of fatigue was 86.8%. In univariate analysis, the significant differences in demographic characteristics between patients with and without fatigue were: gender [OR=2.29; 95% CI (1.05-4.98)], education level [OR=0.40; 95% CI (0.18-0.85)], anemia [OR=3.80; 95% CI (1.27-11.31)], time of HIV diagnosis [OR= 0.29; 95% CI (0.13-0.65)], and route of infection [OR= 0.14; 95% CI (0.06-0.32)]. Abnormal taste and rapid pulse were more commonly seen in patients with fatigue (P<0.05), while abdominal distension and lumbar soreness were encountered less often in patients with fatigue (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the four main factors associated with fatigue were anemia [OR=3.50; 95% CI (1.01-12.15)], route of infection [OR=3.40; 95% CI (1.21-9.58); P= 0.02<0.05], lumbar soreness [OR=0.06; 95% CI (0.02-0.18); P=0.000<0.05], and rapid pulse [OR= 10.58; 95% CI (2.16-51.75); P=0.004<0.05]. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that fa- tigue is common (86.8% prevalence) in AIDS patients with antiretroviral drug adverse reactions, and that anemia, route of infection (i.e., non-commercial blood donation) and rapid pulse were risk factors, while lumbar soreness was a protective factor related to fatigue. More attention should bepaid to fatigue and more efforts should be made to find ways to prevent, control and eliminate this symptom in AIDS patients with antiretroviral drug adverse reactions.展开更多
To meet the requirements for the mechanical and electrochemical performance for carbon fiber-based (CF-based) composites in the structural lithium ion batteries (SLIBs) application, better CF-Based composites are urge...To meet the requirements for the mechanical and electrochemical performance for carbon fiber-based (CF-based) composites in the structural lithium ion batteries (SLIBs) application, better CF-Based composites are urgently needed. Herein, we report a novel composite metal organic framework (MOF)-derived ZnCo_2 O_4/C@carbon fiber via a facile method and subsequent annealing treatment. In this anode,the nano ZnCo_2 O_4/C coatings wrapped on the surface of CF provide more active sites for electrode reactions and the thin carbon layers give the additional protection. For this material, after 100 cycles, it exhibits excellent cycling stability including high reversible capacity of 463 mAh/g at 50 mA/g, which increases 201% than that of the CF. Thus, this structural anode material exhibits enhanced capacity, high initial columbic efficiency.展开更多
Aniline oligomers have been widely used in many fields due to their excellent physicochemical properties. Owing to strong intermolecular interactions, their emission is always weakened or quenched when they are in hig...Aniline oligomers have been widely used in many fields due to their excellent physicochemical properties. Owing to strong intermolecular interactions, their emission is always weakened or quenched when they are in high concentration or aggregated state, which greatly limits their fluorescent applications. Inspired by the concept of aggregation-induced emission(AIE), herein we introduced large steric groups onto the aniline oligomer to prevent the formation of packing structure. In particular, diphenyl vinyl group was bonded with oligomeric tetraaniline by a facile synthetic procedure with high yield. The obtained aniline oligomer derivative exhibited typical AIE features, which was also confirmed by density functional theoretical calculation. More importantly, this AIE oligomer was able to detect Fe^(3+) ions selectively and quantitatively. The fluorescence intensity decreased linearly along with the increment of Fe^(3+) concentration. Moreover, we demonstrated that this AIE oligomer could stain live bacteria, such as E. coli and S. aureus efficiently. All these results suggest that such a readily accessible and multifunctional tetraaniline derivative provides a new platform for the construction of fluorescent materials.展开更多
A kind of amphiphilic rod-coil diblock copolymer consisting both of tetraaniline(TAni)and polyethylene glycol(PEG)blocks,TAni-b-PEG,was synthesized.The diblock copolymer shows excellent electrochromic properties,espec...A kind of amphiphilic rod-coil diblock copolymer consisting both of tetraaniline(TAni)and polyethylene glycol(PEG)blocks,TAni-b-PEG,was synthesized.The diblock copolymer shows excellent electrochromic properties,especially,in switching time and coloration efficiency compared with tetraaniline.TAni-b-PEG is able to self-assemble into spherical structure,which is attributed to the formation of conducting channels and increase of ion-exchange capacity of TAni-b-PEG,implying that a block copolymer with electrochromic block and high ionic conductive block simultaneously possesses improving electrochromic properties.展开更多
The expansion of new structures in aggregation-induced emission/aggregation-induced emission enhancement(AIE/AIEE)systems has attracted persistent attention recently,from which more luminescent functional molecules wi...The expansion of new structures in aggregation-induced emission/aggregation-induced emission enhancement(AIE/AIEE)systems has attracted persistent attention recently,from which more luminescent functional molecules with characteristic skeletons are derived to satisfy specialized applications.In this study,a series of derivatives cored by tetraphenyl enamine with various terminal groups were designed and synthesized based on a novel p-πconjugate chain structure(–C=C–N–).Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that attaching modified groups to enamine core is decisive to achieve successful conversion from non-luminance to AIEE-activity.Moreover,due to different substituent effect on electronic structure,molecular conformation and molecular packing,diverse enamine compounds exhibited prominent substituent tunable emission properties,realizing regulated AIEE effect and multicolor emitting.These results not only offer a new method to design AIEgens/AIEEgens with p-πconjugate chain structures,but also provide in-depth knowledge for functional modifications of more novel AIE/AIEE units and materials.展开更多
Recent applications of new tools for genome-wide mapping of long-range and spatial interactions have shed light onto the fundamental mechanisms of three dimensional chromatin organizations in pluripotent stem cells an...Recent applications of new tools for genome-wide mapping of long-range and spatial interactions have shed light onto the fundamental mechanisms of three dimensional chromatin organizations in pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives.Pluripotent stem cells(PSCs),including embryonic stem cells(ESCs)and induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs),can pro-liferate limitlessly and differentiate into many types of somatic cells in vitro,providing great promise for basic research and clinical therapy.展开更多
基金supported by the Instruction Project of Health Department of Hebei Province of China in 2012,No.20120072
文摘Radiculopathy,commonly induced by intervertebral disk bulging or protrusion,is presently diagnosed in accordance with clinical symptoms because there is no objective quantitative diagnostic criterion.Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor tractography revealed the characterization of anisotropic diffusion and displayed the anatomic form of nerve root fibers This study included 18 cases with intervertebral disc degeneration-induced unilateral radiculopathy Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging was creatively used to reveal the scanning pattern o fiber tracking of the spinal nerve root.A scoring system of nerve root morphology was used to quantitatively assess nerve root morphology and functional alteration after intervertebral disc degeneration.Results showed that after fiber tracking,compared with unaffected nerve root,fiber bundles gathered together and interrupted at the affected side.No significant alteration was detected in the number of fiber bundles,but the cross-sectional area of nerve root fibers was reduced These results suggest that diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging-based tractography can be used to quantitatively evaluate nerve root function according to the area and morphology of fiber bundles of nerve roots.
文摘Otamixaban is a potent(Ki=0.5 nM) fXa inhibitor currently in late-stage clinical development at Sanofi for the management of acute coronary syndrome. Being unproductive in obtaining a suitable crystal of Otamixaban, the required enantiomeric characterization has been accomplished using vibrational circular dichroism(VCD) spectroscopy. Selected by a spectrum similarity index, the calculated spectra of several higher energy conformers were found to match well with the observed spectra. The characteristic IR bands of these conformers were also identified and attributed to the solvation effect.Combined with both the single crystal x-ray diffraction results for an intermediate and the proton NMR study, the absolute configuration of Otamixaban is unambiguously determined to be(R,R).
文摘BACKGROUND: Researches suggest that cascade reaction of cysteine protease mediated by caspase-12 can cause apoptosis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury; however, nerve growth factor (NGF) can reduce apoptosis through inhibiting activation of that reaction. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of NGF on the expression of caspase-12 in brain tissue of rabbits with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and elucidate the protective mechanism of NGF on neural apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Image, Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University. MATERIALS: A total of 26 healthy New Zealand rabbits, of clean grade, aged 4.5-5 months, weighing (2.6±0.2) kg, were selected in this study. Reagents: NGF (Xiamen Beida Zhilu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); caspase-12 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Company, USA, clone number: SC-12395); caspase-3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Company, USA, clone number: SC-7272); biotin-antibody Ⅱ and ABC compound (Wuhan Boster Company); in situ end-labeling (ISEL, Beijing Zhongshan Company). METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratories of Nerve Molecule Image Science and Neurology of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from May to August 2005. ① All animals were randomly divided into three groups. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group (n=10): Left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was blocked for 2 hours and then blooded for 2 hours in order to establish focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion models. Sham operation group (n=6): Cork was inserted with 3 cm in depth, and then pulled to common carotid artery. Other procedures were as the same as those in ischemia/reperfusion group. Treatment group (n=10): After modeling, 400 AU (16 μg/L) NGF was inserted into cerebral infarction focus immediately. ② Brain tissue was taken out from left ischemia/reperfusion area at 3 days after operation in sham operation group and at 3 days after reperfusion in other two groups. In addition, contents of caspase-12 and caspase-3 were measured with immunohistochemical technique; mean absorbency (A value) was compared with image analytic system; apoptosis rate and apoptosis quantity of nerves in ischemia/reperfusion area were detected with flow cytometry and DNA TdT-mediated biotinylated-dUTP nick end labeling method. ③ Measurement data were compared with one-way analysis of variance among groups and with q test every two groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of caspase-12 and caspase-3 and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion area in the 3 groups. RESULTS: All 26 rabbits were involved in the final analysis. ① Expressions of caspase-12 and caspase-3: Expression of caspase-12 was 0.36±0.02 in I/R group and 0.13±0.03 in treatment group; expression of caspase-3 was 0.49±0.05 and 0.27±0.06, respectively. Both of them were higher than those in sham operation group (0.07±0.02, 0.09±0.03, P < 0.01), and expressions of two proteases were lower in treatment group than those in I/R group (P < 0.01). There were significant differences of expression of caspase between I/R group and treatment group as compared with that in sham operation group; meanwhile, there were significant differences between treatment group and I/R group. ② Apoptosis: Apoptosis rate was (20.2±1.3)% in I/R group and (7.7±0.8)% in treatment group; apoptosis quantity was (32.8±2.6), (7.6±1.5)/high sight, respectively. Both of them were higher and more than those in sham operation group [(4.8 ±0.4)%, (0.7±0.2) /high sight, P < 0.01]. Apoptosis rate and apoptosis quantity were lower and less in treatment group than those in I/R group (P < 0.01). There was significant difference between I/R group and treatment group as compared with sham operation group, and there was significant difference between treatment group and I/R group. CONCLUSION: NGF can decrease the number of apoptotic cells of the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and inhibit the caspase cascade reaction induced by caspase-12, which is one of the protective mechanisms of NGF.
基金Supported by 11th National 5-year Special Science and Technology Program on Major Infectious Diseases(No.2008ZX10005-003,2012ZX10005010-001)Research Projectfor Practice Development of National TCM Clinical Research Bases(No.JDZX2012020)Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Project of Zhengzhou City(No.10CXTD140)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively study the prevalence of fatigue and factors associated with fatigue among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with antiretroviral drug adverse re-ctions. METHODS: Data were collected from case reportforms (CRFs) for a project funded by the 11th National 5-year Special Science and Technology Program on Major Infectious Diseases. Fatigue was defined by patient self-report. The outcomes were the prevalence of fatigue and the potential risk factors of fatigue. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with fatigue. RESULTS: Among the 228 subjects, the prevalence of fatigue was 86.8%. In univariate analysis, the significant differences in demographic characteristics between patients with and without fatigue were: gender [OR=2.29; 95% CI (1.05-4.98)], education level [OR=0.40; 95% CI (0.18-0.85)], anemia [OR=3.80; 95% CI (1.27-11.31)], time of HIV diagnosis [OR= 0.29; 95% CI (0.13-0.65)], and route of infection [OR= 0.14; 95% CI (0.06-0.32)]. Abnormal taste and rapid pulse were more commonly seen in patients with fatigue (P<0.05), while abdominal distension and lumbar soreness were encountered less often in patients with fatigue (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the four main factors associated with fatigue were anemia [OR=3.50; 95% CI (1.01-12.15)], route of infection [OR=3.40; 95% CI (1.21-9.58); P= 0.02<0.05], lumbar soreness [OR=0.06; 95% CI (0.02-0.18); P=0.000<0.05], and rapid pulse [OR= 10.58; 95% CI (2.16-51.75); P=0.004<0.05]. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that fa- tigue is common (86.8% prevalence) in AIDS patients with antiretroviral drug adverse reactions, and that anemia, route of infection (i.e., non-commercial blood donation) and rapid pulse were risk factors, while lumbar soreness was a protective factor related to fatigue. More attention should bepaid to fatigue and more efforts should be made to find ways to prevent, control and eliminate this symptom in AIDS patients with antiretroviral drug adverse reactions.
基金This work was supported by National Basic Research Program （973 Program） （Nos. 2015CB964800 and 2014CB910503）, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （XDA01020312）, National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2015AA020307）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 81330008, 31222039, 31201111, 81371342, 81300261, 81300677, 81271266, 81471414, 81422017, and 81401159）, Beijing Natural Science Foundation （7141005 5142016）, Program of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission （Z151100003915072）, Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （KJZDEW-TZ-L05）, the Thousand Young Talents program of China, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules （012kf02, 2013kf05, 2013kf11, 2014kf02, 2015kfl 0）. J.C.I.B. was supported by UCAM, the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation, the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust （2012-PG-MED002） and the Moxie Foundation.
文摘干皮病 pigmentosum (XP ) 是联系 XP 的基因的变化引起的一组基因混乱，导致 DNA 修理的缺陷。XP 病人经常展出神经病学的退化，而是内在的机制是未知的，部分地由于合适的疾病模型的缺乏。这里，我们产生了包括 XPA， XPB， XPC， XPG，和 XPV 在五不同 XP 基因怀有变化的病人特定的导致的 pluripotent 干细胞(iPSCs ) 。这些 iPSCs 进一步被区分到神经房间，并且他们到 DNA 损坏应力的危险性被调查。在神经干细胞(NSC ) 或神经原的 XPA 的变化导致了严重 DNA 损坏修理缺点，并且有变异的 XPA 的这些神经房间对 DNA 导致损坏的 apoptosis 过分敏感。因此， XP 变异的神经房间代表珍贵工具在 XP 病人澄清神经病学的畸形的分子的机制。
文摘To meet the requirements for the mechanical and electrochemical performance for carbon fiber-based (CF-based) composites in the structural lithium ion batteries (SLIBs) application, better CF-Based composites are urgently needed. Herein, we report a novel composite metal organic framework (MOF)-derived ZnCo_2 O_4/C@carbon fiber via a facile method and subsequent annealing treatment. In this anode,the nano ZnCo_2 O_4/C coatings wrapped on the surface of CF provide more active sites for electrode reactions and the thin carbon layers give the additional protection. For this material, after 100 cycles, it exhibits excellent cycling stability including high reversible capacity of 463 mAh/g at 50 mA/g, which increases 201% than that of the CF. Thus, this structural anode material exhibits enhanced capacity, high initial columbic efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21574003, 21875009)
文摘Aniline oligomers have been widely used in many fields due to their excellent physicochemical properties. Owing to strong intermolecular interactions, their emission is always weakened or quenched when they are in high concentration or aggregated state, which greatly limits their fluorescent applications. Inspired by the concept of aggregation-induced emission(AIE), herein we introduced large steric groups onto the aniline oligomer to prevent the formation of packing structure. In particular, diphenyl vinyl group was bonded with oligomeric tetraaniline by a facile synthetic procedure with high yield. The obtained aniline oligomer derivative exhibited typical AIE features, which was also confirmed by density functional theoretical calculation. More importantly, this AIE oligomer was able to detect Fe^(3+) ions selectively and quantitatively. The fluorescence intensity decreased linearly along with the increment of Fe^(3+) concentration. Moreover, we demonstrated that this AIE oligomer could stain live bacteria, such as E. coli and S. aureus efficiently. All these results suggest that such a readily accessible and multifunctional tetraaniline derivative provides a new platform for the construction of fluorescent materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21174009,21574003)
文摘A kind of amphiphilic rod-coil diblock copolymer consisting both of tetraaniline(TAni)and polyethylene glycol(PEG)blocks,TAni-b-PEG,was synthesized.The diblock copolymer shows excellent electrochromic properties,especially,in switching time and coloration efficiency compared with tetraaniline.TAni-b-PEG is able to self-assemble into spherical structure,which is attributed to the formation of conducting channels and increase of ion-exchange capacity of TAni-b-PEG,implying that a block copolymer with electrochromic block and high ionic conductive block simultaneously possesses improving electrochromic properties.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21574003)。
文摘The expansion of new structures in aggregation-induced emission/aggregation-induced emission enhancement(AIE/AIEE)systems has attracted persistent attention recently,from which more luminescent functional molecules with characteristic skeletons are derived to satisfy specialized applications.In this study,a series of derivatives cored by tetraphenyl enamine with various terminal groups were designed and synthesized based on a novel p-πconjugate chain structure(–C=C–N–).Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that attaching modified groups to enamine core is decisive to achieve successful conversion from non-luminance to AIEE-activity.Moreover,due to different substituent effect on electronic structure,molecular conformation and molecular packing,diverse enamine compounds exhibited prominent substituent tunable emission properties,realizing regulated AIEE effect and multicolor emitting.These results not only offer a new method to design AIEgens/AIEEgens with p-πconjugate chain structures,but also provide in-depth knowledge for functional modifications of more novel AIE/AIEE units and materials.
基金G.-H.L.was supported by the National Laboratory of Biomacro-molecules,the 100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,a CIRM grant(No.TG2-01158)a Glenn Foundation grant.J.Q.was supported by the AFAR/Ellison Medical Foundation.
文摘Recent applications of new tools for genome-wide mapping of long-range and spatial interactions have shed light onto the fundamental mechanisms of three dimensional chromatin organizations in pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives.Pluripotent stem cells(PSCs),including embryonic stem cells(ESCs)and induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs),can pro-liferate limitlessly and differentiate into many types of somatic cells in vitro,providing great promise for basic research and clinical therapy.
