The content characteristics of 16 elements(Al,Ca,Cr,Cu,Fe,K,Li,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Sr,and Zn) in 23 plant species collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were investigated using ICP-OES.Results sh...The content characteristics of 16 elements(Al,Ca,Cr,Cu,Fe,K,Li,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Sr,and Zn) in 23 plant species collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were investigated using ICP-OES.Results show that the average contents of Ca,K,Mg,Fe and P were higher than 1,000 mg/kg,those of Al,Na,Zn and Cr ranged between 10-1,000 mg/kg and those of Cu,Li,Pb and Mo were less than 10 mg/kg.The levels of Al,Ca,K,Mg and Na were within the scope of the reported terrestrial plant element content,those of Sr,Fe and Cr were higher than the average of the terrestrial plants and the maximum content of Mn was higher than the upper limit of the reported Mn content.The main character of the element content was of the Ca>K type,however,in terms of Cyperaceae species the element content character was K>Ca type.The contents of Ca,Li,Mg and Sr in Gramineae and Cyperaceae species were higher than those in other species and the contents of Ca,K,Mg,Fe,P,Al and Na in all collected plants were higher than those of other elements.Zn had weak variability with the lowest coefficient(i.e.,7.81%),while other elements had strong variability.The ratio of maximum content to minimum content indicated Ca and K had less change than other elements in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region.Element content of alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region mainly shows a positive correlation,among which the correlation coefficient between Al and Pb,Al and Fe,Mo and Cr,Pb and Fe,Sr and Li were higher than 0.9,and negative correlation had no statistical significance.The correlation between Al and Fe,Mg,Mn in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were consistent with that reported in Kunlun Mountains.展开更多
The non-point source pollution arising from soil erosion is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the water quality of the Taihu Lake Basin. Forest plays an important role in controlling soil erosion and re...The non-point source pollution arising from soil erosion is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the water quality of the Taihu Lake Basin. Forest plays an important role in controlling soil erosion and reducing nutrient loss. Based on the survey data on forest resources in Anji County, we estimate the amount of soil erosion and nutrient loss of nitrogen and phosphorus reduced by forest, using soil erosion modulus method and soil nutrient content. In accordance with the degradation coefficient of pollutant and regional compensation standards of environmental resources, we assess the ecological benefits of forest function in reducing nutrient loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in Anji County. The results show that the forest in Anji County can reduce the soil erosion amount at 1.51 million t annually on the average, so as to control the nutrient loss of 1 409 t of total nitrogen and 577 t of total phosphorus in soil, equivalent to annually avoiding the flow of 824 t of total nitrogen and 410 t of total phosphorus into river water; this ecological service function can make forests in Anji County get 92.55 million yuan of ecological compensation funds (about 688 yuan/hm2·a), equivalent to 15 times of the current ecological compensation standard (47 yuan/hm2). The study reveals the importance of forest function in controlling soil erosion and nutrient loss in the upper reaches of Taihu Lake Basin to water environment protection in the basin, conducive to carrying out pollution control and protection work of the water environment in the basin.展开更多
Aims Drought affected by atmosphere–ocean cycle is a dominant factor influencing tree radial growth of sandy Mongolian pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)and regional vegetation dynamics in Hulunbuir,China.However,h...Aims Drought affected by atmosphere–ocean cycle is a dominant factor influencing tree radial growth of sandy Mongolian pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)and regional vegetation dynamics in Hulunbuir,China.However,historical droughts and its correlations with tree radial growth and atmosphere–ocean cycle in this area have been little tested.Methods We developed tree-ring chronologies of Mongolian pine from Hulunbuir,Inner Mongolia,China and analyzed the correlations between tree-ring width index,the normalized difference vegetation index and Palmer drought severity index(PDSI),then developed a linear model to reconstruct the drought variability from 1829 to 2009.Long-term trends and its linkages with atmosphere–ocean cycle were performed by the power spectral,wavelet and teleconnection analysis.Important Findings The local moisture variations affected largely the regional vegetation dynamics and tree-ring growth of Mongolia pine in the forest–grassland transition.Using tree-ring width chronology of Mongolian pine,the reconstruction explains 49.2%of PDSI variance during their common data period(1951–2005).The reconstruction gives a broad-scale regional representation of PDSI in the Hulunbuir area,with drought occurrences in the 1850s,1900s,1920s,mid-1930s and at the turn of the 21st century.Comparisons with other treering drought reconstructions and historical records reveal some common drought periods and drying trends in recent decades at the northern margin zones of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM).The drying trends in these zones occurred earlier than weakening of the EASM.A REDFIT spectral analysis shows significant peaks at 7.2,3.9,2.7–2.8,2.4 and 2.2 years with a 0.05 significance level,and 36.9,18.1 and 5.0 years with 0.1 significance level.Wavelet analysis also shows similar cycles.Drought variations in the study area significantly correlated with sea surface temperatures in the western tropical Pacific Ocean and middle and northern Indian Ocean,and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation.This suggests a possible linkage with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation,the EASM and the Westerlies.展开更多
In this study, a coupled regional air quality modeling system is applied to investigate the time spatial variations in airborne particulate matters (PM10), originating from Mentougou to Beijing municipal area in the p...In this study, a coupled regional air quality modeling system is applied to investigate the time spatial variations in airborne particulate matters (PM10), originating from Mentougou to Beijing municipal area in the period of April 1-7, 2004, and the influences of complex terrain and meteorological conditions upon boundary layer structure and PM10 concentration distributions. An intercomparison of the performance with CALPUFF against the observed data is presented and an examination of scatter plots is provided. The statistics show that the correlation coefficient and STD between the modeled and observed data are 0.86 and 0.03, respectively. Analysis of model results illustrates that the pollutants emitted from Mentougou can be transported to Beijing municipal area along certain transport pathways, and PM10 concentration distributions show heterogeneity characteristics. Contributions of the Mentougou sources to the PM10 concentrations in Beijing municipal area are up to 0.1-15 g/m3.展开更多
基金by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31100337)National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2005CB422005)
文摘The content characteristics of 16 elements(Al,Ca,Cr,Cu,Fe,K,Li,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Sr,and Zn) in 23 plant species collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were investigated using ICP-OES.Results show that the average contents of Ca,K,Mg,Fe and P were higher than 1,000 mg/kg,those of Al,Na,Zn and Cr ranged between 10-1,000 mg/kg and those of Cu,Li,Pb and Mo were less than 10 mg/kg.The levels of Al,Ca,K,Mg and Na were within the scope of the reported terrestrial plant element content,those of Sr,Fe and Cr were higher than the average of the terrestrial plants and the maximum content of Mn was higher than the upper limit of the reported Mn content.The main character of the element content was of the Ca>K type,however,in terms of Cyperaceae species the element content character was K>Ca type.The contents of Ca,Li,Mg and Sr in Gramineae and Cyperaceae species were higher than those in other species and the contents of Ca,K,Mg,Fe,P,Al and Na in all collected plants were higher than those of other elements.Zn had weak variability with the lowest coefficient(i.e.,7.81%),while other elements had strong variability.The ratio of maximum content to minimum content indicated Ca and K had less change than other elements in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region.Element content of alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region mainly shows a positive correlation,among which the correlation coefficient between Al and Pb,Al and Fe,Mo and Cr,Pb and Fe,Sr and Li were higher than 0.9,and negative correlation had no statistical significance.The correlation between Al and Fe,Mg,Mn in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were consistent with that reported in Kunlun Mountains.
基金Supported by the National Environmental Protection Public Welfare Industry Targeted Research(201209027)
文摘The non-point source pollution arising from soil erosion is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the water quality of the Taihu Lake Basin. Forest plays an important role in controlling soil erosion and reducing nutrient loss. Based on the survey data on forest resources in Anji County, we estimate the amount of soil erosion and nutrient loss of nitrogen and phosphorus reduced by forest, using soil erosion modulus method and soil nutrient content. In accordance with the degradation coefficient of pollutant and regional compensation standards of environmental resources, we assess the ecological benefits of forest function in reducing nutrient loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in Anji County. The results show that the forest in Anji County can reduce the soil erosion amount at 1.51 million t annually on the average, so as to control the nutrient loss of 1 409 t of total nitrogen and 577 t of total phosphorus in soil, equivalent to annually avoiding the flow of 824 t of total nitrogen and 410 t of total phosphorus into river water; this ecological service function can make forests in Anji County get 92.55 million yuan of ecological compensation funds (about 688 yuan/hm2·a), equivalent to 15 times of the current ecological compensation standard (47 yuan/hm2). The study reveals the importance of forest function in controlling soil erosion and nutrient loss in the upper reaches of Taihu Lake Basin to water environment protection in the basin, conducive to carrying out pollution control and protection work of the water environment in the basin.
基金‘948’Project of State Forestry Administration China(2015-4-27)International S&T Cooperation Program of China(2015DFR31130)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271033,41471029 and 41371500)The Lecture and Study Program for Outstanding Scholars from Home and Abroad(CAFYBB2011007).
文摘Aims Drought affected by atmosphere–ocean cycle is a dominant factor influencing tree radial growth of sandy Mongolian pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)and regional vegetation dynamics in Hulunbuir,China.However,historical droughts and its correlations with tree radial growth and atmosphere–ocean cycle in this area have been little tested.Methods We developed tree-ring chronologies of Mongolian pine from Hulunbuir,Inner Mongolia,China and analyzed the correlations between tree-ring width index,the normalized difference vegetation index and Palmer drought severity index(PDSI),then developed a linear model to reconstruct the drought variability from 1829 to 2009.Long-term trends and its linkages with atmosphere–ocean cycle were performed by the power spectral,wavelet and teleconnection analysis.Important Findings The local moisture variations affected largely the regional vegetation dynamics and tree-ring growth of Mongolia pine in the forest–grassland transition.Using tree-ring width chronology of Mongolian pine,the reconstruction explains 49.2%of PDSI variance during their common data period(1951–2005).The reconstruction gives a broad-scale regional representation of PDSI in the Hulunbuir area,with drought occurrences in the 1850s,1900s,1920s,mid-1930s and at the turn of the 21st century.Comparisons with other treering drought reconstructions and historical records reveal some common drought periods and drying trends in recent decades at the northern margin zones of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM).The drying trends in these zones occurred earlier than weakening of the EASM.A REDFIT spectral analysis shows significant peaks at 7.2,3.9,2.7–2.8,2.4 and 2.2 years with a 0.05 significance level,and 36.9,18.1 and 5.0 years with 0.1 significance level.Wavelet analysis also shows similar cycles.Drought variations in the study area significantly correlated with sea surface temperatures in the western tropical Pacific Ocean and middle and northern Indian Ocean,and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation.This suggests a possible linkage with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation,the EASM and the Westerlies.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Technology R＆D Program （No. 2012BAJ21B04） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No.51108436）.
文摘In this study, a coupled regional air quality modeling system is applied to investigate the time spatial variations in airborne particulate matters (PM10), originating from Mentougou to Beijing municipal area in the period of April 1-7, 2004, and the influences of complex terrain and meteorological conditions upon boundary layer structure and PM10 concentration distributions. An intercomparison of the performance with CALPUFF against the observed data is presented and an examination of scatter plots is provided. The statistics show that the correlation coefficient and STD between the modeled and observed data are 0.86 and 0.03, respectively. Analysis of model results illustrates that the pollutants emitted from Mentougou can be transported to Beijing municipal area along certain transport pathways, and PM10 concentration distributions show heterogeneity characteristics. Contributions of the Mentougou sources to the PM10 concentrations in Beijing municipal area are up to 0.1-15 g/m3.
基金This study was co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 50979006）, Projects of Hebei Science and Technology Department （No. 12276708D）, Projects of Hebei Education Department （No. ZH2011119）, Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province （No. D2010000867）, the Doctor Development Foundation Project in Hebei University of Science and Technology （No. 000446）, and the Key Discipline Foundation in Hebei Province.
